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This paper has the double objective of introducing the reader to a derivational and comparative valency dictionary compiled from 2015 to 2018 at Masaryk University in Brno and of analyzing certain cross‑linguistic contrasts between German and Czech nominal derivation that are apparent from the material covered in the dictionary. The analysis suggests that there are fewer restrictions on forming verbal nominals in Czech than there are on forming nominalized infinitives in German.
Together with its central complements, verbs model basic patterns of interaction. The constellations of these complements in turn correspond to central patterns of the argument structure. Nominative and accusative complements formally occupy the first and second positions (subject and object), but they also have certain semantic preferences. The formal function of the dative is less pronounced, where it occurs (ditransitive verbs) the semantic imprint of the frame ("transfer") is very strong. This corresponds to the meaning of a core group of corresponding verbs. Other verbs that allow this pattern are used more often in other valence structures and the ditransitive use appears as a systematic way of personal extension of object‑related activities. This will be discussed with reference to the verbs 'zeigen' and (in a different way) 'lehren'.
Ziel des Beitrags ist die Darstellung der neuartigen Prototypen MultiGenera und MultiComb, die auf der Grundlage des multilingualen Valenzwörterbuchs zur Nominalphrase PORTLEX syntaktisch-semantische valenzbasierte Auskunft über die Nominalphrase sowie über ihren Satzrahmen anbieten. Nach der Schilderung der Haupteigenschaften der Ressourcen sowie des zugrunde liegenden methodologischen Verfahrens werden Hinweise über ihre möglichen didaktischen Anwendungsbereiche gegeben.
Im Vordergrund der Publikation stehen Beiträge, die sich intensiv mit dem Phänomen der Kollokation beschäftigen. Der erste Teil der Sammlung konzentriert sich auf die intra- und interlingualen Aspekte der Kollokationen. Der zweite Teil wird den didaktischen Studien der Kollokationen gewidment, mit dem Akzent auf der Wichtigkeit der Integration fester Wortverbindungen in den DaF-Unterricht.
[Kollokationsforschung und Kollokationsdidaktik / Peter Ďurčo (Hg.). - Wien : LIT, 2016. - 236 Seiten. - (Studien zur Linguistik ; Band 22) ISBN 978-3-643-50784-6]
Insgesamt zeigen die hier untersuchten Daten, dass die Bildung konversiver Idiome nach bestimmten Prinzipien, jedoch nicht nach produktiven Regeln erfolgt. Die meisten Faktoren, die an der konversiven Transformation in der Phraseologie beteiligt sind, sind konzeptueller Natur und führen zurück auf die semantisch-syntaktischen Eigenschaften des betreffenden Idioms. Aus der Sicht der Syntax ist es entscheidend, dass das betreffende Idiom über zwei aktive Valenzen verfügt. Normalerweise werden diese Valenzen semantisch mit dem Agens sowie mit dem Patiens gefüllt, seltener mit dem Agens und dem Adressaten oder Benefiziär. Syntaktisch gesehen hat das "linke" Mitglied des konversiven Idiom-Paares eine Subjekt-Valenz (entsprechend dem Agens) und eine Valenz des Dativobjekts (entsprechend dem Patiens oder dem Adressaten/Benefiziär).
Almanca dilbilgisinde tümcenin temel öğeleri genellikle eylem temel alınarak yapılır. Türkçe dilbilgisi için bu durum sözde kalmaktadır. Çünkü öğeler genellikle eylemin birleşim değeri göz önünde bulundurulmadan, o anda tümcede rastlantısal olarak bulunan öğeler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, nitel araştırma yöntemiyle internetten ve basılı dokümanlardan elde edilen verilerin yorumlanmasıyla oluşan bu makalede, birleşim değeri çerçevesinde değerlendirme yapılmış olup eylemin gerektirdiği öğeler buna göre ele alınmalıdır. Diğer bir sorun da, Almanca dilbilgisi bağlamında üzerinde genel anlamda uzlaşılan, ancak Türkçede tartışmalı olan nesne terimi ve kavramıdır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada genel anlamda nesne kavramından yola çıkılarak sonilgeçli nesne kavramına gelinecektir. Amaç, Türkçe - Almanca nesne türlerini karşılaştırmak değil, Türk dili bağlamında “nesne”nin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için Almancadan da örnekler vermektir. Nesne teriminin Türkçede Akkusativobjekt ile sınırlı tutulmasının yanlış olduğu ve çıkma durumu nesnesi, bulunma durumu nesnesi, sonilgeçli nesne gibi terimlerin dilbilgisel bir gerçek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkçede eyleyen (Aktant) olarak sonilgeçli nesne (Postpositionalobjekt) gerektiren eylemler olduğu saptanmıştır.
This paper presents the analyses of transitivity and questions about transitivity in two languages (Rawang and Qiang) that have been described using very different definitions of transitivity, with a view to showing that each language must be analysed on its own terms, and so the criteria used for identifying transitivity, if it is to be identified at all, might be different between languages. In the case of these two languages it is at least partly due to the two languages differing in terms of the degree of systematicity of the marking, with the Rawang marking being more systematic.
On transitivity
(2011)
This paper critically discusses and contrasts some of the different conceptualisations of transitivity that have been presented in the literature, and argues that transitivity as a morphosyntactic phenomenon and effectiveness of an event as a semantic concept should be separated in discussions of transitivity, and also, like many other aspects of grammar, transitivity should be seen as a constructional phenomenon, and so each construction in a language needs to be examined separately, in natural contexts. An Appendix presents some general questions one can consider when analysing language data.
U radu se iznosi pokušaj razvrstavanja glagola s elementom se u valencijskome rječniku hrvatskih glagola. Kao predložak poslužila je obrada iste vrste glagola u češkome elektroničkom valencijskom rječniku VALLEX, kao i prototipno-kontekstualna analiza povratnih glagola Branimira Belaja. Glagoli se razvrstavaju na temelju gramatičkih i semantičkih kriterija.
Ključne riječi: valencija; valencijski rječnik; glagoli sa se; element se kao čestica i kao zamjenica
It is the aim of this paper to evaluate the various types of sentential complementation available in terms of complement control cross-linguistically. I will propose a lexical classification of control classes on the basis of the instantiated subordination patterns. I want to focus on an important distinction, namely that of structural vs. inherent control. Structural control is found with predicates that select a clausal complement whose structure requires argument identification and thus 'induces' control. Infinitival complements are prototypical cases for this kind of control because in most languages infinitival complements can only 'survive' in structures of control or raising. The interesting question is which predicates license structural control and which cross-linguistic differences emerge between potential licensors. Inherent control is found with predicates that require control readings independent of the instantiated structure of sentential complementation (e.g. a directive predicate such as zwingen 'force'). In addition, I will recapitulate and add arguments for the dual lexical-syntactic nature of complement control.