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The taxonomy of Loboscelidiinae in Vietnam is revised, with 16 new species being described: Loboscelidia bachmaensis sp. nov., L. barbata sp. nov., L. cilia sp. nov., L. convexa sp. nov., L. cucphuongensis sp. nov., L. cuneata sp. nov., L. do sp. nov., L. flavipes sp. nov., L. glabra sp. nov., L. komedai sp. nov., L. mediata sp. nov., L. parallela sp. nov., L. piriformis sp. nov., L. squamosa sp. nov., L. vang sp. nov. and L. vietnamensis sp. nov. In total, 24 species of Loboscelidia are recognized in the fauna of Vietnam. Keys to Indo-Chinese male and world female of Loboscelidia are provided. A brief observation of the foraging behavior of L. squamosa sp. nov. is also reported. Host-carriage and subsequent host egg burying are considered primary nesting behaviors of solitary wasps.
Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 is the largest genus of subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae) with more than 700 extant species worldwide that are mostly nocturnal and parasitoids of larvae of Lepidoptera. In this paper, the Vietnamese species of Enicospilus are reviewed for the first time. Of the total 82 recorded species, 10 species are described as new: E. aequiscleritalis sp. nov., E. bulbipennis sp. nov., E. centraliscleritiger sp. nov., E. circuliscleritalis sp. nov., E. gialaiensis sp. nov., E. hiepi sp. nov., E. melanothoracicus sp. nov., E. nigristernalis sp. nov., E. trui sp. nov., and E. tuani sp. nov. Fifty-two species are recorded for the first time from the country: E. abdominalis (Szépligeti, 1906), E. acutus Shimizu, 2020, E. argus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. atoponeus Cushman, 1947, E. bacillaris Wang, 1997, E. bakerielli Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), E. biharensis Townes, Townes & Gupta, 1961, E. concentralis Cushman, 1937, E. corculus (Tosquinet, 1903), E. dasychirae Cameron, 1905, E. eastopi Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. enicospilus Nikam, 1972, E. exaggeratus Chiu, 1954, E. fittoni Nikam, 1980, E. flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), E. formosensis (Uchida, 1928), E. fusiformis Chiu, 1954, E. gasteralis Nikam, 1980, E. grandis (Cameron, 1905), E. hamatus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. hedilis Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. iapetus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. insinuator (Smith, 1860), E. ixion Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. javanus (Szépligeti, 1910), E. laqueatus (Enderlein, 1921), E. longitarsis Tang, 1990, E. mythrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. nathani Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. nigribasalis (Uchida, 1928), E. nigristigma Cushman, 1937, E. nigriventris Nikam, 1975, E. nigronotatus Cameron, 1903, E. nigropectus Cameron, 1905, E. pallidistigma Cushman, 1937, E. pantanae Tang, 1990, E. pinguivena (Enderlein, 1921), E. pseudoconspersae (Sonan, 1927), E. purifenestratus (Enderlein, 1921), E. rhetus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. riukiuensis (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926), E. sauteri (Enderlein, 1921), E. selmatos Chiu, 1954, E. strigilatus Tang, 1990, E. teleus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. transversus Chiu, 1954, E. tripartitus Chiu, 1954, E. urus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, E. verticinus (Roman, 1913), E. yonezawanus (Uchida, 1928), and E. zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981. A key to all Vietnamese species of Enicospilus is provided.
Two new species of Exetastes Gravenhorst, 1829 from the Peruvian Andes are described and illustrated: E. andensis sp. nov. and E. tullu sp. nov. Presently, 38 species of Exetastes have been recorded in the Neotropical region. Our discoveries are the first records of the genus in Peru and the Andean region.
The previously endemic Australian genus Habritella Girault & Dodd, 1915 is reported for the first time in the Afrotropical region with four new species: H. africana sp. nov., H. mandibulata sp. nov., H. noyesi sp. nov., and H. viridifrons sp. nov. The males of Habritella are described for the first time. A new generic synonymy and combination are also proposed: Ezgia Koçak & Kemal, 2008 syn. nov. and H. stylifera (Bouček, 1988) comb. nov. Habritella is redescribed to accommodate the newly discovered and transferred species. An illustrated key to the Afrotropical species is provided.
We describe two new species of Ctenocerinae (Pompilidae) from Asia, i.e., Ctenocerus srilankae Shimizu sp. nov. from Sri Lanka and Paraclavelia arabiae Shimizu sp. nov. from Oman. These represent the first records of Ctenocerus Dahlbom, 1845 and Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930 in Asia. Two new combinations and a new synonymy are proposed: Ctenocerus fasciatus (Smith, 1851) (= Micropteryx fasciata Smith, 1851); Paraclavelia decipiens (Arnold, 1932) (= Clavelia decipiens Arnold, 1932); and Ctenocerus Dahlbom, 1845 (= Euclavelia Arnold, 1932). We discuss the difficulty of systematics of Ctenocerinae at generic level. The head and pronotal structures of Ctenocerus and Paraclavelia are presumably specialized for preying on trapdoor spiders. These structures are considered to have evolved independently of other unrelated parasitoid Pompilidae that have been confirmed or proposed to prey on trapdoor spiders. We also discuss the biogeographical distribution of these genera.
Rhytidaphora Reshchikov & Quicke gen. nov. (type species Rhytidaphora thailandica Reshchikov & Quicke gen. et sp. nov.) from Thailand is described and illustrated. It belongs to the tribe Euryproctini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) based on the absence of glymma and the subapical notch on the ovipositor. The new taxon differs from all other genera of Euryproctini by the occipital carina being broadly incomplete dorsally, the hypostomal carina joining the occipital carina shortly before the base of the mandible, distinctly pectinate tarsal claws, and immovably fused and strongly sculptured second and third metasomal tergites.
Handaoia Seyrig, 1952 is a small genus of Phygadeuontinae currently represented by eleven described species from Madagascar, Tanzania and Europe, and can be recognized by the combination of the distally expanded and ventrally flattened antennal flagellum, complete posterior transverse carina of the mesosternum, isolated ‘pit’ (episternal scrobe) in the mesopleuron, and a single bulla in fore wing vein 2m-cu. Most species have a distinctive combined area basalis and area superomedia on the propodeum. The following six new species from Central and South America are described and illustrated: H. cuscoensis Bordera sp. nov. from Peru, H. fritzi sp. nov. from Brazil, H. mercedensis Bordera sp. nov. from Peru, H. plaumanni sp. nov. from Brazil, H. ruizcancinoi Bordera sp. nov. from Mexico, and H. urceus sp. nov. from Brazil. A key to the New World species is provided.
Obligate endoparasitic oomycetes are known to ubiquitously occur in marine and freshwater diatoms, but their diversity is still largely unexplored. Many of these parasitoids are members of the early-diverging oomycete lineages (Miracula, Diatomophthora), others are within the Leptomitales of the Saprolegniomycetes (Ectrogella, Lagenisma) and some have been described in the Peronosporomycetes (Aphanomycopsis, Lagenidium). Even though some species have been recently described and two new genera were introduced (Miracula and Diatomophthora), the phylogeny and taxonomy of most of these organisms remain unresolved. This is contrasted by the high number of sequences from unclassified species, as recently revealed from environmental sequencing, suggesting the presence of several undiscovered species. In this study, a new species of Miracula is reported from a marine centric diatom (Minidiscus sp.) isolated from Skagaströnd harbor in Northwest Iceland. The morphology and life cycle traits of this novel oomycete parasite are described herein, and its taxonomic placement within the genus Miracula is confirmed by molecular phylogeny. As it cannot be assigned to any previously described species, it is introduced as Miracula islandica in this study. The genus Miracula thus contains three described holocarpic species (M. helgolandica, M. islandica, M. moenusica) to which likely additional species will need to be added in the future, considering the presence of several lineages known only from environmental sequencing that clustered within the Miracula clade.
Although Sweden is a country with a comparatively well-known fauna, there are still many species that await discovery, especially in the boreal regions. In this study five new species of Diplazontinae, Homotropus klopfsteinae sp. nov., Homotropus hellqvisti sp. nov., Homotropus mugerwai sp. nov., Homotropus riedeli sp. nov. and Woldstedtius aureotibialis sp. nov., are described. Sussaba roberti Klopfstein, 2014 and Homotropus megaspis (Thomson, 1890) are reported for the first time from Sweden. Four of the new species are described from boreal areas, which highlights the need to further investigate the river- and seaside areas of the western taiga.
The world species of Netomocera Bouček, 1954 (Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758: Pteromalidae Dalman, 1820), excluding those from the Oriental region, are revised. The Oriental species are excluded because their types could not be examined, the species limits could not be reliably assessed based on original descriptions and available Oriental material was scarce. Eighteen species, including 11 species described as new, are recognized: N. africana Hedqvist, 1971; N. alboscapus Hedqvist, 1971; N. amethysta sp. nov.; N. celebensis sp. nov.; N. cyanocephala sp. nov.; N. desaegeri sp. nov.; N. formiciformis sp. nov.; N. gloriosa sp. nov.; N. irregularis sp. nov.; N. masneri sp. nov.; N. merida sp. nov.; N. meridionalis sp. nov.; N. nearctica Yoshimoto, 1977; N. ramakrishnai Sureshan, 2010; N. rufa Hedqvist, 1971; N. sedlaceki Bouček, 1988; N. setifera Bouček, 1954; N. virgata sp. nov. The female brachypterous form of N. nearctica and the male of N. alboscapus are described for the first time. A key to both sexes is provided, as well as diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations for all treated species. The genus is reported for the first time in the Neotropical region. For several species, new distributional records are also given.