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This article analyzes some cases of lack of understanding as well as of misunderstandings and errors, voluntary or otherwise, which punctuate the sessions of French- Russian Studio, an important place of intellectual and cultural exchanges between Russian émigrés and French intellectuals between the Wars. These errors and misunderstandings turn out to be rather productive ones, leading sometimes to lively discussions. Two notions, humanism and intellectualism, become a real stumbling block to debates: being regularly referred to at the sessions devoted to Gide, Valéry, Proust and Descartes, they are differently interpreted by Russian and French debators. This reflects not only the explicit difficulties in translation of philosophical and cultural notions but also some implicit discrepancies in production of meaning.
The erroneous translation of Aristotle's Poetics by the famous Andalusi philosopher Averroes seems to be one the fundamental reasons why an autochthon Arab theater appeared quite late, namely after the Napoleonic campaign of 1798 in Egypt which started an extensive process of acculturation between the Arab countries and the West. Our contribution will explore the first theatrical experience in the Arab world, that of the Lebanese Mārūn Naqqāš (1817-1855): as every initial experiment, his attempt is inevitably voted to errors and misunderstandings. The analysis of errors will allow us to reflect on the new readings and interpretations of Western theatrical heritage made by the first Arabic drama.
Seit 20 Jahren schreibt Philippe Forest, Literaturprofessor und Schriftsteller, an einem Werk, das die Grenzen zwischen Autofiktion, Essay und literaturwissenschaftlichen Texten verwischt. Innerhalb dieser Produktion versucht er am Beispiel von Marcel Proust und in der japanischen Tradition eine Poetik der Fehldeutung zu grunden. Dabei verweist er einerseits auf die Aussage vom Autor der Recherche, man konne von schonen Buchern nur schone Fehlinterpretationen machen, andererseits auf ein Missverstandnis im Kulturtransfer zwischen Europa und Japan, das ihm ruckwirkend erlaubt, die Autofiktion als Genre fur sich und sein Werk neu zu definieren. Als Autorenpoetik funktioniert diese Asthetik der Fehldeutung, die ausserdem eine Analogie zwischen Traumarbeit und Literaturkritik fundiert, ohne grossere Probleme. Als wissenschaftliches Instrument eines Literaturprofessors ruttelt sie jedoch an den etablierten Regeln der Universitat und der Literaturwissenschaft.
De la productivité de l'erreur en contexte pédagogique 'kairos', abduction et poétique du cours
(2017)
In this paper we shall examine how error can constitute an occasion of improving the context of learning. Taking error into account, trying to understand and follow the way that led the student to make it, the Professor betters his empathy. Hence, thanks to this mimicry, the Professor enters into the student's process of thinking and the poetics of the course becomes more inclusive. Turning error into "kairos", the course truly becomes a moment of collective individuation.
Depuis 2012, le programme doctoral CUS/CRUS (désormais Swissuniversities) de littérature générale et comparée s'efforce d'offrir un lieu et un réseau d'échanges et de pensée aux jeunes chercheurs de la littérature comparée et des différentes langues et littératures étudiées dans les universités suisses. L'orientation de ce programme le place doublement en position de transgression. D'une part, la littérature comparée est par essence une science du dépassement; la comparaison, la mise en réseau et l'éclairage croisé des langues et des littératures vont de pair avec l' "au-delà" d'un sujet préalablement circonscrit; comparer suppose la mesure d'un espace, l'expérience de ses limites et leur franchissement. D'autre part, l'invention d'un cadre réunissant à la fois des doctorants, des chercheurs plus confirmés et des professeurs, où puissent se discuter aussi bien des questions théoriques que les problèmes concrets auxquels la recherche expose les uns et les autres, invitait à ne pas se priver d'un questionnement croisant plusieurs approches. Nous avons donc imaginé un programme ouvert autant aux questions esthétiques et littéraires (les représentations des frontières et de leur transgression, la forme que ces représentations pouvaient adopter) qu'aux sujets engageant une métaréflexion sur les limites de nos outils de recherche et les conditions réelles d'une transdisciplinarité qui serait plus que programmatique (une théorie et une pratique de la transgression des limites).
Le miroir intermédial : "Sneewittchen" des Grimm et "Blancanieves" de Pablo Berger en comparaison
(2017)
Contemporary studies about film adaptations of literary texts face many obstacles when it comes to compare two different media. They either tend to establish how faithful the film adaptation is to its textual source or they consider the literary text as canonical, which as such cannot be transposed to any other form. This contribution aims to cross the borders of 'adaptation studies' and offers an intermedial comparison between the Grimms' tale 'Sneewittchen', first published in 1812, and 'Blancanieves', a black and white silent movie directed by Pablo Berger and released in 2012. Regarding 'Blancanieves' not only as an adaptation of the Grimms' text(s), but also and above all as a reconfiguration of numerous media forms (film, photography, opera, among others), reveals how the Spanish director differentiates himself from the German tale and creates a new story with renewed meanings which echo the current social, economical and political situation of Spain.
When Gorki wrote his play "The Barbarians" (1906), he probably did not intend to raise such an intricate problem as the relationship between the barbarian, the savage and the civilized. Neither did he envisage talking about this triadic relation in reference to its political, historical and philosophical meaning. He proceeded as a writer and managed to construct a peculiar literary figure of the "barbarian" in its multiple aspects, and as related to other figures, such as the savage, in the first place. In this paper I argue that Gorki's intrinsically literary venture consisted in trying to make collide two categories that never normally enter in a dual relationship, but are always mediated by the category of the "civilized". The objective of this paper is to examine the consequences of this forced dualism, which without imposing any idea of civilization, however, ends up by setting it as a problem for further meditation and, without giving any solution, invites the reader to pursue his reflection.
The barbarian is a construct of the Other which can be distinguished from the "savage" through a certain degree of social organization and from the monstrous through its more realistic-historic outlook. Still, these categories are fuzzy and fantastic fiction – understood in a broad sense – makes new use of the barbarian people motif in a manner which makes the ideological undertones more visible despite an increased freedom from historical references. The " mob" (das Gesindel) getting out of the forests to devastate the civilized order, in 'Auf den Marmorklippen', embodies abjection in its clearest form, a violent return of the dark violent repressed. On the contrary, in the cycle of 'Dune, the Fremens' are 'barbarian' only in the eyes of the corrupt totalitarian elite of the Imperium. Despite their rough way of life, they represent a cultural order much closer to ecological harmony, which constitutes a major theme in Frank Herbert's saga. Borges' perspective, in 'The Story of the Warrior and the Female Prisoner', is not so much ethical/political as it is philosophical : the mutual fascination between the 'civilized' and the 'barbarians' is tantamount to magnetic opposites, border-crossing and meaningful otherness. These three visions of the 'barbarian' can be distinguished not only through their ideological underpinnings, but also through their narrative techniques.
For Baudelaire, the barbarian is a figure of predilection. At first, it is a literary character that he got acquainted with through the works of Chateaubriand and E. A. Poe. The barbarian is linked to poetry as well; he brings to mind the condition of the exiled, the solitary figure far away from his homeland (such as in Delacroix's Ovid among the Scythians). But, most of all, the barbarian gives the opportunity to Baudelaire to refine his idea of Beauty: at the 1855 Universal Exhibition, he confronts himself for the first time to Chinese art – labelled "barbarian art" back then. Far from agreeing with this description, Baudelaire refutes it and forces himself to shift his critical perspective: his challenge will be to adapt himself, accommodate his taste and become "as barbarian" as the works he beholds in order to appreciate one of these "specimen of universal beauty". This reflexion shall continue in his essay, 'The Painter of Modern Life' (1863), in which he describes Constantin Guys' way of drawing as being moved by an "inevitable barbarousness". In this article, our aim will be to trace the evolution of Baudelaire's conception and different uses of the term "barbarian" through his aesthetical, poetical and literary writings.