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Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meseth ist seit April 2021 Professor für Erziehungswissenschaft mit dem Schwerpunkt Erziehung, Politik und Gesellschaft (W3) an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. Einen besonderen Fokus seiner Forschung bildet das Themenfeld einer »Erziehung nach Auschwitz« (Adorno), die erziehungswissenschaftliche Erforschung ihrer schulischen und außerschulischen Praxis sowie die pädagogische Rezeption und Wirkung der von Theodor W. Adorno geprägten Formulierung bis heute. Mit dem UniReport hat er über die großen Herausforderungen für die schulische Vermittlung des Nationalsozialismus und des Holocaust, aber auch anderer aktueller Kontroversen bis hin zu Verschwörungstheorien gesprochen.
Forschungsarbeiten sowohl zum IT-Zweig als Leitbranche der Digitalisierung als auch zur gesundheitsfördernden Gestaltung neuer Arbeitswelten haben eine hohe gesellschaftliche Relevanz. Die von der Digitalisierung ausgehenden Veränderungen sind in der Arbeitswelt allgegenwärtig. Trotz einer anfänglichen Humanisierungsvermutung mit Blick auf hoch qualifizierte Wissensarbeit in flexiblen Arbeitsstrukturen zeigen neue Forschungsergebnisse eine Zunahme gesundheitlicher Belastungen in der IT-Branche. Diese Belastungskonstellation erfordert neue Gestaltungsansätze zur Gesundheitsbildung, weil flexibel arbeitende Beschäftigte mit bestehenden klassischen Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung schwer oder gar nicht zu erreichen sind.
Ziel der Arbeit ist die lösungsorientierte Erstellung eines branchen- und online-basierten Präventionskonzepts für alle IT-Beschäftigte. Basierend auf dem Modell der Salutogenese wird ein Training entwickelt, das sich auf die Stärkung von personalen, organisationalen und sozialen Gesundheitsressourcen fokussiert.
Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit, die der Kategorie der didaktischen Entwicklungsforschung (Johannes Weinberg) zuzuordnen ist, steht die Konzeption und Entwicklung eines Lernprogramms. Als Rahmenmodell dient die gestaltungsorientierte Mediendidaktik unter Berücksichtigung didaktischer Eckpunkte. Das Online-Lernangebot ist in acht Lerneinheiten aufgeteilt. Es werden Lerninhalte zum Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz mediendidaktisch aufbereitet und den IT-Beschäftigten und Führungskräften auf der Lernplattform Moodle zur Verfügung gestellt. (Eine ursprünglich angedachte Wirkungsmessung der Implementierung des Lernprogramms im Betrieb konnte pandemiebedingt nicht durchgeführt werden.)
Die weiterbildungsbezogene, betriebs- sowie organisationspädagogische Überlegungen aufgreifende Konzeption ist ein wichtiger Baustein im Rahmen einer Gesamtstrategie des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements. Die präsentierten Handlungshilfen und elektronische Unterweisungen sind auf andere Branchen übertragbar.
Die erstellte Lernumgebung ist kein finales „Produkt“, sondern ein kontinuierlich zu optimierendes Entwicklungsvorhaben, was neben einer noch durchzuführenden Evaluation weitere Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Gesundheit in der digital vernetzten Arbeitswelt eröffnet, um das Thema Gesundheitsbildung verstärkt in den betrieblichen Alltag zu integrieren.
The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany.
The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany.
The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation.
The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
In summary, the analysis shows that the connection between ageing and digitalisation remains a marginal topic in current politics. The focus on older people merely as a potential group at risk of being left behind implies a deficit perspective on ageing and a homogenising of a large and diverse age group. Lessons learnt from the pandemic should not be interpreted in a one-sided way, by merely acknowledging the increasing number of (older) people moving online, but by acknowledging intersecting inequalities that mitigate social participation.
Die Lebensphase Alter befindet sich in einem fundamentalen demografischen, sozialen und kulturellen Wandel. Sie ist dabei ambivalent: Einerseits ist sie nicht mehr vorrangig eine Phase des Rückzugs, sondern kann aktiv gestaltet werden. Andererseits ist die Lebensphase durch krisenhafte Erlebnisse, wie etwa den Austritt aus dem Erwerbsleben, Verlust des Partners/der Partnerin oder gesundheitliche Veränderungen gekennzeichnet. Lernen wird umso wichtiger, als es Selbstbestimmung und Aktivität unterstützen und gleichzeitig kritische Lebensereignisse bewältigen helfen kann. In diesem Beitrag wird auf Lernen als erfahrungsreflexiver Prozess geschaut und dargestellt, wie dieser in unterschiedlichen informellen Bildungssettings für ältere Menschen stattfinden kann.
Sleep and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have repeatedly been found to be associated with each other. However, the ecological validity of daily life studies to examine the effect of sleep on ADHD symptoms is rarely made use of. In an ambulatory assessment study with measurement burst design, consisting of three bursts (each 6 months apart) of 18 days each, 70 German schoolchildren aged 10–12 years reported on their sleep quality each morning and on their subjective ADHD symptom levels as well as their sleepiness three times a day. It was hypothesized that nightly sleep quality is negatively associated with ADHD symptoms on the inter- as well as the intraindividual level. Thus, we expected children who sleep better to report higher attention and self-regulation. Additionally, sleepiness during the day was hypothesized to be positively associated with ADHD symptoms on both levels, meaning that when children are sleepier, they experience more ADHD symptoms. No association of sleep quality and ADHD symptoms between or within participants was found in multilevel analyses; also, no connection was found between ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness on the interindividual level. Unexpectedly, a negative association was found on the intraindividual level for ADHD symptoms and daytime sleepiness, indicating that in moments when children are sleepier during the day, they experience less ADHD symptoms. Explorative analyses showed differential links of nightly sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, with the core symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, respectively. Therefore, future analyses should take the factor structure of ADHD symptoms into account.
The paper reports on research that investigates older men's care practices and how their caring for others opens new ways of exploring the intersections of aging, gender, and care work. Using the concept caring masculinities as a sensitizing concept, the onus is on exploring patterns of power, interdependence, and relationality within men's care practices. Aging masculinities often remain constructed around paid-for occupational work (in opposition to unpaid care work) despite the transition into retirement. Little work exists on how caring is at work in later life potentially transforming gender relations and enacted masculinities. Moreover, much of the research on aging masculinities have not considered the expansiveness of retirement and the discourses as well as subjective expectations around the activity in later life that create an uncertain terrain of socioculturally structured mandates to be navigated. This paper draws on data from two qualitative interview studies conducted with retired men in England and Germany, in which the role of caregiving emerged as an inductive theme in their narratives. The paper makes a specific contribution to developing empirical and theoretical knowledge of caring masculinities and power relations by providing insights on men's trajectories into caring, and how they make sense of their caring for and about others.
Few empirical studies have explored psychological attitudes toward out-of-home mobility in old age. We aimed to validate an instrument to assess mobility-related behavioral flexibility and routines in the context of everyday mobility and successful aging. Data were gathered from face-to-face interviews and travel diaries of 211 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65–92) in Germany. Analysis revealed sufficient reliability and confirmed the factorial and convergent validity of the instrument. Mobility-related behavioral flexibility predicted the number of daily trips, particularly by mobility-impaired participants, and was strongly linked to autonomy and to psychological well-being. However, a preference for routines predicted neither out-of-home mobility nor further outcomes. The results demonstrate the importance of mobility-related flexibility in maintaining an active and independent life in old age.