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The new erigoninae genus Yuelushannus gen. nov. with two new species, Y. alatus sp. nov. (♂♀) and Y. barbatus sp. nov. (♂♀), are described from Hunan and Hubei Provinces. Detailed descriptions of somatic features and genitalic characters, photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, line drawings of copulatory organs and a distribution map are provided.
We describe a long-unnamed Chaetopterus Cuvier, 1830 species from southern California, using a combination of DNA barcoding and detailed morphological investigation employing highresolution X-ray microtomography (micro-CT). Chaetopterus dewysee sp. nov. is not only one of the most dominant annelids in the benthic communities of the shallow end of the La Jolla submarine canyon, but also a well-established model for studying bioluminescence and has a published transcriptome. The description and naming of this southern Californian Chaetopterus is a step towards the muchneeded revision of the group’s taxonomy and towards resolving the confusion over the 'cosmopolitan' Chaetopterus variopedatus species complex. Micro-CT data showing details of both internal and external anatomy has been made freely available as the first annelid cybertype.
The spider genus Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 is endemic to Peru and includes three species known to date: Bistriopelma lamasi Kaderka, 2015, B. matuskai Kaderka, 2015 and B. titicaca Kaderka, 2017. The present contribution diagnoses, describes and illustrates two new species of Bistriopelma from Peru: B. peyoi sp. nov. and B. kiwicha sp. nov., both based on male and female. The male of B. peyoi sp. nov. is provided with a remarkable thoracic horn, and the species is the first horned tarantula for this genus. An updated distribution map for all known species is presented.
Icacinaceae Miers are a well-described family. However, the family lacks a comprehensive guide to endocarp morphology, which would be an important tool for interpreting the family's extensive fossil record of endocarp remains. In this survey, we describe fruits and endocarps of 88 species of Icacinaceae s. str., four of Icacinaceae s. lat. (now Metteniusaceae) and one of Oncothecaceae. We investigated the value of the endocarp in species recognition. In addition, we generated an Xper3 database with an associated e-key to increase the availability of raw data and the understanding of the characters used. This study documents great diversity in epicarp hairs, mesocarp thickness, endocarp ornamentation, tubercle shape (if present), endocarp structure and thickness, and the locule lining. Some morphological features appear diagnostic for individual genera. In particular, the genus Iodes Blume, which is very common in the fossil record, is the only clade with the three following characters: papillae on the inner locule lining, ridged ornamentation on the endocarp surface, and a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Finally, we discuss issues related to the preservation of fruit material in herbarium collections.
A new cypridopsine genus, Cyprettadopsis gen. nov., described here, is principally characterized by the reduced caudal ramus, the strongly serrated claw G2 of the antenna (A2), the A2 subquadrate terminal segment, the undivided penultimate segment of the second thoracopod (T2), the morphology of the third thoracopod bearing a distinctly separated terminal segment, the complete septa on the posteroventral margin and the incomplete septa on the anterior margin of both valves. Based on a combination of these characters, a new tribe, Cyprettadopsini trib. nov., is created in the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 to accommodate this new genus, and one new species, Cyprettadopsis sutura gen. et sp. nov., is described as the type species. Apart from the above generic characters, the following features are also typical of the new species: the tiny needlepoint-like pores along the anterior and ventral margins of both valves, the remarkably large β-seta on the mandibular palp and the considerably short d2 seta on the T2. The presence of marginal septa in the new genus is a distinctive character and constitutes the first record of this feature within Cypridopsinae. The taxonomically relevant characters in the new taxon and related taxa are briefly discussed.
Historically the taxonomy of the genus Timarcha has been, and continues to be, quite confusing and largely erroneous. The confusion is mainly due to the absence of reliable traits that aid in precise identification; the lack of study of types at species-level has also contributed to the difficulty in the taxonomy. To improve this situation, we propose techniques for the dissection and study of three useful diagnostic characters such as the vestiture of the sole of female tarsi, and the morphology of the endophallus and its sclerites in males. These features combined are distinctive for each of the species and can help to resolve the taxonomy of the genus.
The genus Afrodonta s. lat. is shown to comprise several lineages with distinctive shell characters primarily associated with the microsculpture of the protoconch and teleoconch, and the manner in which the apertural barriers are deposited. These lineages comprise Afrodonta s. str. and five new genera: Amatholedonta gen. nov., Biomphalodonta gen. nov., Costulodonta gen. nov., Iterodonta gen. nov. and Phialodonta gen. nov. Twelve new species are described, doubling the diversity of aperturally dentate charopid snails known from southern Africa. All new species are narrow-range endemics. A new subspecies of one of the more widely distributed species of Afrodonta s. str. is also described. Keys to genera and species are provided. New species and subspecies: Afrodonta geminodonta sp. nov., Af. inhluzaniensis leptolamellaris subsp. nov., Af. mystica sp. nov., Af. pentodon sp. nov., Amatholedonta fordycei gen. et sp. nov., Biomphalodonta forticostata gen. et sp. nov., Costulodonta bidens gen. et sp. nov., C. pluridens gen. et sp. nov., Iterodonta ammonita gen. et sp. nov., Phialodonta agulhasae gen. et sp. nov., P. atromontana gen. et sp. nov., P. aviana gen. et sp. nov. and P. rivalalea gen. et sp. nov. New synonyms: Afrodonta bilamellaris londonensis Solem, 1970 = Afrodonta bilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908. New combinations: Afrodonta acinaces Connolly, 1933, Afrodonta burnupi Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta trilamellaris Melvill & Ponsonby, 1908 are transferred to Costulodonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta bimunita Connolly, 1939 is transferred to Amatholedonta gen. nov.; Afrodonta introtuberculata Connolly, 1933 and Afrodonta perfida Burnup, 1912 are transferred to Phialodonta gen. nov.
Three species of Lophogastrida and eight Mysida are documented for samples from 5161–5497 m bottom depth in the Angola Basin. Previously known latitudinal ranges are extended southward for five species, and bathymetric ranges extended beyond 5000 m for six species. Upon revision of the subfamily Petalophthalminae (Mysidae), four species previously attributed to the genus Petalophthalmus are integrated into Ipirophthalmus gen. nov. as I. liui gen. et comb. nov., I. caribbeanus gen. et comb. nov., I. oculatus gen. et comb. nov., and I. macrops gen. et comb. nov., mainly based on the structure of eyes and presence of setae on the telson. Petalophthalmus cristatus sp. nov. is described based on its reduced cornea and the structure of eyestalks, rostrum, mandibles, and telson. The structure of mouthparts, foregut and maxillipeds suggests an omnivorous mode of life. The diagnosis of the tribe Calyptommini (Mysidae: Erythropinae) is widened to cover the 3-segmented, uniramous fourth male pleopod and the non-incised eyeplate with horn-like rudiments of eyestalks in Abyssomysis cornuta gen. et sp. nov. The structure of mandibles, foregut, and second maxilliped suggest detritus feeding in this species. Keys to the Calyptommini and Petalophthalminae are given.
The New Caledonian Archipelago is a hot spot for biodiversity and endemism. Whereas popular groups such as birds and plants are well-studied, invertebrate groups such as ostracods remain ill-known. Here, we re-describe Strandesia sanoamuangae Savatenalinton & Martens, 2010, originally described from Thailand (8000 km away from New Caledonia), and describe Strandesia mehesi sp. nov. Both species are known only from females. Material for the present study was collected from diverse aquatic non-marine habitats from Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. Whereas S. sanoamuangae is seemingly easily identifiable, S. mehesi sp. nov. is part of the Strandesia vinceguerrae/vavrai species cluster in the genus, of which the 'older' species (described long ago) often have incomplete and superficial descriptions. Differentiation between the new species and the other members of this species cluster are based on small anatomical details of the valves. The current paper updates the known number of recent freshwater Ostracoda of New Caledonia from 14 to 16 species, although at least five of these species have an uncertain status.