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Inhalt: Geleitwort / Dr. Wilhelm Krull Die „Sammlung Deutscher Drucke 1450–1912“: Eine Bilanz nach 20 Jahren / Berndt Dugall Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München : 1450 –1600 / Dr. Claudia Fabian Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel : 1601 –1700 / Dr. Petra Feuerstein-Herz Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen : 1701 –1800 / Dr. Joachim Migl Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg Frankfurt am Main : 1801–1870 / Dr. Angela Hausinger Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz : 1871 –1912 / Gerd-J. Bötte, Thomas-Klaus Jacob, Katrin Korn Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin : 1913 ff. / Angela Matthias, Stephan Jockel Karten / Dr. Silke Trojahn Notendrucke / Dr. Hartmut Schaefer
Die Vergangenheit ist der Stoff, aus dem moderne Staaten ihr Selbstverständnis modellieren. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Deutschland und Österreich, an deren Umgang mit der nationalsozialistischen Geschichte sich immer auch gesellschaftliche Tendenzen und politische Interessen der jeweiligen Gegenwart ablesen lassen. Doch Erinnerungen benötigen, wenn sie der Flüchtigkeit entgehen sollen, ein Speichermedium, und es war gerade die Literatur, die das kulturelle Gedächtnis an die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus von Anfang an entscheidend geprägt hat. Literarische Vergangenheitserzählungen erinnern und reflektieren, vor allem wenn sie um das Thema der Familie und um die Probleme zwischen verschiedenen Generationen kreisen, stets mit Bezug zur Gegenwart.
"Goethe meint, dass es mein bestes Werk sei", schreibt Schiller an Körner am 13. Mai 1801. Bezeugt sind zudem die, vor allem von der studentischen Jugend, begeistert und bejubelt aufgenommenen ersten Aufführungen 1801 in Leipzig. Heute dürfte die Jungfrau eher zu den weniger oft aufgeführten Dramen Schillers gehören. Schließlich handelt es sich auf einen ersten unbefragten Blick um sein befremdlichstes, um ein bizarres und mysteriöses Stück. Warum beschäftigt sich der Aufklärer und Klassiker mit einer mythisch-mystischen Hexe und Heiligen (denn sie ist beides in der Geschichte) in einer romantischen Tragödie? Von den Romantikern sind wir allerhand Spuk- und Gespenstergeschichten gewöhnt und Zauberbäume und sprechende Heiligenbilder überraschen uns nicht. Aber Schiller? Schiller ist doch, so verstehe ich ihn jedenfalls, ein politischer Dichter. Und da liegt auch schon die Antwort: eben deshalb.
Der Impurismus ist eine literarische Strömung, die durch Jahrtausende geht, ein geistreiches, planvolles Spiel zur Produktion von hermetischer Literatur über ein tabuisiertes Thema (Sex). Zu dieser "littérature impure" gehört ein Geheimnis aus dem Urwissen der ältesten Kulturen, aus einer Zeit, in der Philosophie, Theologie und Kosmologie noch eins waren. Das alte Wissen wurde in den Bereichen konserviert, die bis heute von der konventionellen Wissenschaft als "esoterisch" ausgegrenzt werden (Astrologie, Kabbala, Tarot). Viele Autoren aber verschlüsseln ihre Texte mit der alten Lehre und verstecken sie hinter einer religiösen, spielerisch-humoristischen oder sozialkritisch engagierten Maske. Deshalb bleiben viele Texte trotz Interpretation hermetisch, besonders solche in der "Weltsprache der modernen Poesie" (Enzensberger). Eine neue Methode der literarischen Analyse (mit 57 Varianten der planvollen Verfremdung von Wörtern) kann die impuristische Literatur dekodieren. Dazu gehört als Raumordnung das alte "Weltbild der Windmühle". Dieses Literaturspiel wird als sublime Kulturtätigkeit aufgedeckt. Die Einzelseiten dieser Homepage können nur einige Einblicke in schwierige Zusammenhänge geben, die im langsamen Vortrag des Buches leichter zu verstehen sind. Auf beiden Wegen muß man sich Zeit nehmen und am besten einen philosophischen Wissenshunger mitbringen.
Background Translocations of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene occur in a subset (5%) of acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and in mixed phenotype acute leukemias in infancy - a disease with extremely poor prognosis. Animal model systems show that MLL gain of function mutations may contribute to leukemogenesis. Wild-type (wt) MLL possesses histone methyltransferase activity and functions at the level of chromatin organization by affecting the expression of specific target genes. While numerous MLL fusion proteins exert a diverse array of functions, they ultimately serve to induce transcription of specific genes. Hence, acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) with MLL mutations (MLLmu) exhibit characteristic gene expression profiles including high-level expression of HOXA cluster genes. Here, we aimed to relate MLL mutational status and tumor suppressor gene (TSG) methylation/expression in acute leukemia cell lines. Results Using MS-MLPA (methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay), methylation of 24 different TSG was analyzed in 28 MLLmu and MLLwt acute leukemia cell lines. On average, 1.8/24 TSG were methylated in MLLmu AML cells, while 6.2/24 TSG were methylated in MLLwt AML cells. Hypomethylation and expression of the TSG BEX2, IGSF4 and TIMP3 turned out to be characteristic of MLLmu AML cell lines. MLLwt AML cell lines displayed hypermethylated TSG promoters resulting in transcriptional silencing. Demethylating agents and inhibitors of histone deacetylases restored expression of BEX2, IGSF4 and TIMP3, confirming epigenetic silencing of these genes in MLLwt cells. The positive correlation between MLL translocation, TSG hypomethylation and expression suggested that MLL fusion proteins were responsible for dysregulation of TSG expression in MLLmu cells. This concept was supported by our observation that Bex2 mRNA levels in MLL-ENL transgenic mouse cell lines required expression of the MLL fusion gene. Conclusion These results suggest that the conspicuous expression of the TSG BEX2, IGSF4 and TIMP3 in MLLmu AML cell lines is the consequence of altered epigenetic properties of MLL fusion proteins.
This study addresses the situation of the Sorbs, an indigenous minority living in Lusatia, Germany. Under the overarching rubric of ethnic and nationalist projects, women are usually symbolized as the guardians of culture and language. Women’s experiences as subjects in everyday life and in multi-facetted social practices therefore become veiled. The main concern in this book is to discuss how the women who identify themselves as/with Sorbs studied here construct their identities in the modern world, how they approach a sense of self and how they position themselves in their everyday lives, what kind of processes they undergo in their identity construction, and which factors are implicated in the formation of these identities. Investigating the Sorbian minority as the research subject and focusing on the female gender primarily involves intersections of ethnicity and gender, which are the points of departure for this study. As the research progresses, women’s gradual active construction of gender and ethnicity while living their everyday lives reveals a construction of multifarious and complex identifications across differences of gender, ethnicity, culture, religion and class. The results of research create Sorbian culture anew, craft Sorbian identity afresh and render the notion of Sorbian women in new terms. New meanings encased in these conceptions actually contain an active and transformative impetus. This thrust forces these ideas to undergo a process of redefinition. It is the life experiences people have in everyday practices that impel us to envisage identity construction as a dynamic, never-ending and open-ended articulation of one’s positionings.
The utilization of Ginkgo biloba in medicinal practice dates back to 1505 A.D. Ironically, the mechanisms of action of Ginkgo are not fully clarified till now. Nowadays, Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts are mainly indicated for mild to moderate cerebrovascular insufficiency and different forms of dementia. The fact that it is an herbal extract composed of several different components indeed adds to the intricacy of finding its mechanisms of actions. Indisputably, many scientists tried to elucidate the mechanisms of actions of Ginkgo. The first step to achieve this goal was to standardize the leaf extract. The standardized Ginkgo leaf extract contains 22-27 % flavonol glycosides, 2.8-3.4 % of ginkgolide A, B and C, as well as approximately 2.6-3.2 % bilobalide and below 5 ppm ginkgolic acids. A widespread standardized Ginkgo extract is the EGb 761, which was utilized in the current work. One of the earliest proposed mechanisms is the ability of the Ginkgo extract to act as an anti-oxidant, which could be explained by its high flavonoid contents. However, without doubt EGb 761 encompasses other characteristics which distinguish it from other herbal extracts that are also rich in flavonoids. Since free radicals and reactive oxygen species are highly associated with the mitochondrial functions, examination of the effect of EGb 761 on mitochondrial functions was lately addressed. Moreover, this was encouraged as the link between Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and the mitochondria started to emerge. Previously, our group observed mitochondrial protective actions of EGb 761 on cell culture in vitro. Furthermore, anti-apoptotic effects were previously described for EGb 761. However, only very few studies addressed the single constituents and their effect on mitochondrial functions. Flavonoids were studied in several other plant extracts and their radical scavenging activity is unquestionable, but EGb 761 has anti-apoptotic actions which may be attributed to its terpenoid fraction. Exclusively found in the Ginkgo plant, are the ginkgolides and therefore their actions are not yet fully elucidated. Moreover, those who attempted to address these constituents concentrated on one or two candidates, for example bilobalide or ginkgolide B and ignored the rest. Unfortunately, this led to incomplete results, and one couldn’t compare the relative activities of all EGb 761 components in order to state whether all the components are effective or not. ...
Algorithms and data structures constitute the theoretical foundations of computer science and are an integral part of any classical computer science curriculum. Due to their high level of abstraction, the understanding of algorithms is of crucial concern to the vast majority of novice students. To facilitate the understanding and teaching of algorithms, a new research field termed "algorithm visualisation" evolved in the early 1980's. This field is concerned with innovating techniques and concepts for the development of effective algorithm visualisations for teaching, study, and research purposes. Due to the large number of requirements that high-quality algorithm visualisations need to meet, developing and deploying effective algorithm visualisations from scratch is often deemed to be an arduous, time-consuming task, which necessitates high-level skills in didactics, design, programming and evaluation. A substantial part of this thesis is devoted to the problems and solutions related to the automation of three-dimensional visual simulation of algorithms. The scientific contribution of the research presented in this work lies in addressing three concerns: - Identifying and investigating the issues related to the full automation of visual simulations. - Developing an automation-based approach to minimising the effort required for creating effective visual simulations. - Designing and implementing a rich environment for the visualisation of arbitrary algorithms and data structures in 3D. The presented research in this thesis is of considerable interest to (1) researchers anxious to facilitate the development process of algorithm visualisations, (2) educators concerned with adopting algorithm visualisations as a teaching aid and (3) students interested in developing their own algorithm animations.
The goal of this research is to develop an understanding of what causes organizations and information systems to be “good” with regard to communication and coordination. This study (1) gives a theoretical explanation of how the processes of organizational adaptation work and (2) what is required for establishing and measuring the goodness of an organization with regard to communication and coordination. By leveraging concepts from cybernetics and philosophy of language, particularly the theoretical conceptualization of information systems as social systems and language communities, this research arrives at new insights. After discussing related work from systems theory, organization theory, cybernetics, and philosophy of language, a theoretical conceptualization of information systems as language communities is adopted. This provides the foundation for two exploratory field studies. Then a formal theory for explaining the adaptation of organizations via language and communication is presented. This includes measures for the goodness of organizations with regard to communication and coordination. Finally, propositions stemming from the theoretical model are tested using multiple case studies in six information system development projects in the financial services industry.