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Nach muslimischer Auffassung kommt der Mensch mit bestimmten gottgegebenen Anlagen ausgestattet auf die Welt. Diese Anlagen entwickeln sich unter vielfältigen Umwelteinflüssen fort. Diese Weiterentwicklung sollte adäquat zur natürlichen Veranlagung geschehen, um eine gesunde Entwicklung zu sichern (positive Erziehung) und eine Fehlentwicklung zu unterbinden (negative Erziehung). Um eine gute und gesunde Entwicklung zu gewährleisten, sollte dem Individuum natürliche positive Bildung und Erziehung zugänglich sein. Dies geschieht meist in der Kindheit und Jugend und ist Aufgabe der Erwachsenen. Die wichtigsten Erwachsenen für ein/en Kind/Jugendlichen sind die Erwachsenen der Familie und der Lehrer. Gemeinsam mit der Familie ist der Lehrer verantwortlich für die Fortentwicklung der natürlichen Anlagen des Zöglings. Im Gegensatz zur Familie ist die Verantwortung des Lehrers professioneller Art. Er wirkt ab dem ersten Kontakt des Schülers mit der Schule sichtbar auf ihn ein. Um am Ende dieser Einwirkung ein positives Ergebnis zu erzielen, ist der Lehrer angehalten die Problemstellungen seiner Aufgabe und ihre Lösungen zu kennen. Denn sowohl die Bildung als auch die Erziehung sind dynamischveränderlich und wie alles auf dieser Welt ständig in Veränderung. Der Lehrer spielt in der islamischen Bildungs- und Erziehungstradition eine große Rolle, weil der Prophet Muhammad als solcher gilt. Demgemäß genießt der Lehrerberuf als der „Beruf des Propheten“ ein hohes Ansehen. Die folgenden Kapitel eruieren die Rolle des Lehrers aus dieser Ausgangslage heraus.
For much of the last thirty years, the caesalpinioid genus Bauhinia has been recognised by numerous authors as a broadly circumscribed, ecologically, morphologically and palynologically diverse pantropical taxon, comprising several subgenera. One of these, Bauhinia subg. Phanera has recently been reinstated at generic rank based on a synthesis of morphological and molecular data. Nevertheless, there remains considerable diversity within Phanera. Following a review of palynological and molecular studies of Phanera in conjunction with a careful re-examination of the morphological heterogeneity within the genus, we have found strong evidence that the species of Phanera subsect. Corymbosae are a natural group that warrant generic status. We describe here the genus Cheniella R.Clark & Mackinder gen. nov. to accommodate them. It comprises 10 species and 3 subspecies, one newly described here. Generic characters include leaves that are simple and emarginate or bilobed; flowers with elongate hypanthia which are as long as or much longer than the sepals; pods that are glabrous, compressed, oblong, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent; and with numerous seeds, the seeds bearing an unusually long funicle extending most of the way around their circumference. A further distinctive floral character was found to be a fleshy disc on which the staminodes are mounted. An analysis carried out for this study reveals Cheniella to be characterised by a pollen type that is unique to the genus and previously unknown in the Leguminosae. Species diversity is richest in southern China, the full distribution extending westward to India and south- and eastward through Indochina into Malesia.
Data are presented for 29 chrysomelid species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) occurring in the Cayman Islands, West Indies, 26 of these not having been reported from these islands previously. Altica occidentalis Suffrian is removed from the genus Lysathia Bechyné and reinstated in Altica Geoffroy. Chaetocnema perplexa Blake is synonymized with Chaetocnema confinis Crotch, new synonymy. Omophoita cyanipennis octomaculata (Crotch) is synonymized with Omophoita cyanipennis (Fabricius), new synonymy. The following nine species are named and described: Apraea luciae, Apraea priscilae, Cryptocephalus catharinae, Cryptocephalus kirki, Cryptocephalus paulotigrinus, Longitarsus alisonae, Megistops adiae, Nyctiplanctus bifasciatus, Syphrea thurstonae, all are new species. Taxonomic notes and a key to species, as well as information on plant associations and extralimital distribution, are also provided.
The Anthonomus juniperinus group, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
(2010)
The Anthonomus juniperinus (Sanborn) species group is defined and two new species, Anthonomus sanborni, new species, and A. rileyi new species, from the United States are described, keyed and illustrated. The three species of the group are associated with the plant genus Juniperus and the larvae of A. juniperinus are known to develop in fungal galls of Gymnosporangium spp. as well as fruits of the Eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana L. The biology of the group and its taxonomic relationships to other species of Anthonomus Germar are also discussed.
New species of anthophilous Cerambycinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) are described from Bolivia:
Molorchini, Merionoedopsis zamalloae sp. nov.; Heteropsini, Chrysoprasis azurearegina sp. nov., and C. maryhowardae sp. nov.; Rhopalophorini, Dihammaphora densiserrata sp. nov., D. dilmanappae sp. nov., D. espinotibia sp. nov., D. fosterorum sp. nov., D. paraperforata sp. nov., D. pilcomayoensis sp. nov., and Rhopalophora santacruzensis sp. nov. All species are illustrated and host flower records are provided.
A revision of the genus Acyphoderes Audinet-Serville, 1833 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with a brief synopsis of the genus Bromiades Thomson, 1864, is presented. Acyphoderes to comprise eight South American species, Acyphoderes aurulenta (Kirby, 1818), A. abdominalis (Olivier, 1795), A. auricapilla Fisher, 1947, A. crinita (Klug, 1825), A. hirtipes (Klug, 1825), A. rubrohirsutotibialis Tippmann, 1953, A. carinicollis Bates, 1873 and A. amboroensis Clarke 2013; and Acyphoderes is divided into three informal species groups. A new genus, Ameriphoderes, is proposed for eleven Mexican and Central American species, Ameriphoderes acutipennis (Thomson, 1860), A. amoena (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. ayalai (Chemsak and Linsley, 1988), A. bayanicus (Giesbert, 1991), A. cribricollis (Bates, 1892), A. magna (Giesbert, 1991), A. parva (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. prolixa (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979), A. suavis (Bates, 1885), A. velutina (Bates, 1885) and A. yucateca (Bates, 1892); and Ameriphoderes is divided into two informal species groups. Acyphoderes delicata Horn, 1894 is placed in its own genus, Amerispheca. Other new genera are proposed for the following; Acyderophes for Acyphoderes fulgida Chemsak and Linsley, 1979; Brachyphoderes for Acyphoderes dehiscens Chemsak, 1997 and A. longicollis Chemsak and Noguera, 1993; Acutiphoderes for Acyphoderes odyneroides White, 1855; and Anomaloderes for Acyphoderes itaiuba Martins and Galileo, 2004. Acyphoderes sexualis Bates, 1885 and Sphecomorpha forficulifera (Gounelle, 1913) are moved to the new genus Forficuladeres. Acyphoderes synoecae Chemsak and Noguera, 1997 from Mexico is treated as a junior synonym of Sphecomorpha vespiventris
(Bates, 1880) from Guatemala. Acyphoderes cracentis Chemsak and Noguera, 1997 from Mexico, and Acyphoderes violaceus Bezark, Santos-Silva and Martins, 2012 from Costa Rica are placed in the new genus Odontogracilis, together with two species, Odontocera exilis Fisher, 1947 from Mesoamerica and Odontocera gracilis (Klug, 1825) from Brazil. Identification keys are provided for the genera, species groups (and the species in each one). All species are illustrated (both male and female when available). Plates illustrating the following are also provided; types of abdomen, hind leg, and aedeagus (tegmen and median lobe). Host-flower records are provided for many species.
Epimelitta postimelina Giesbert, 1996 and Odontocera apicula Bates, 1885 are transferred to the new genus Odontomelitta. Epimelitta postimelina, with closed procoxal cavities, cannot remain in Epimelittta Bates, 1870, a genus characterized by open procoxal cavities. The short elytra and tegmen (with caliper-shaped lateral lobes) of the aedeagus of both species excludes them from the genus Odontocera Audinet-Serville, 1833, with long elytra and tegmen (with strap-shaped lateral lobes). Both species are illustrated, and host plant and host flower records provided for O. apicula.
Epimelitta Bates, 1870 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) is redescribed with two species: Epimelitta scoparia (Klug, 1825) and Epimelitta rufiventris Bates, 1870; Epimelitta meliponica Bates, 1870 syn. nov. and Epimelitta acutipennis Fisher, 1947 syn. nov. are considered junior synonyms of E. scoparia. Exepimelitta gen. nov. is described with five species: Exepimelitta mimica (Bates, 1873), Ex. nigerrima (Bates, 1892), Ex. consobrina (Melzer, 1931) (=Epimelitta nigerrima var. flavipubescens Fisher, 1947, syn. nov.), Ex. lestradei (Peñaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian, 2003) and Ex. windsori sp. nov. Charisia Champion, 1892 is revalidated and redescribed with six species: Charisia euphrosyne (Newman, 1840), C. mneme (Newman, 1841), C. melanaria Gounelle, 1911, C. ornaticollis Zajciw, 1973, C. bleuzeni (Peñaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian, 2003) and C. durantoni (Peñaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian, 2003).
Erratamelitta gen. nov. is described with two species: Erratamelitta erato (Newman, 1840) (= Epimelitta bicolor (Bates, 1873), syn. nov.) and Er. eliasi sp. nov.. Adepimelitta gen. nov. is described with two species: Adepimelitta debilis (Gounelle, 1911) and Ad. eupheme (Lameere, 1884). A brief synopsis of the genus Acorethra Bates, 1873 is presented, with two species included: Acorethra chrysaspis Bates, 1873, revalidated, and Ac. aureofasciata Gounelle, 1911. All species are illustrated (including genitalia when available); and keys to the genera, and their species, are provided.
New Bolivian Rhinotragini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) are described: three species of Phygopoda Thomson, 1864 (P. longiscopifera sp. nov., P. boliviensis sp. nov. and P. chaquensis sp. nov.); and one species of Phygopoides Peñaherrera-Leiva and Tavakilian, 2007 (P. maxwelli sp. nov.). Two Brazilian species of Neophygopoda Melzer, 1933 are transferred to the genus Phygopoda: P. exilis (Melzer, 1933) comb. nov. and P. agdae (Martins, Galileo and Santos-Silva, 2015) comb. nov. All the species are illustrated, and a key to the Bolivian species of Phygopoda and host flower records are provided.
The taxonomic history of the rhinotragine genera Phygopoda Thomson, 1864 and Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian and Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) are discussed, and evidence is presented to suggest that some recent taxonomic changes made by Carelli and Monné (2015) were unjustified. Consequently, Phygopoda nigritarsis Gounelle, 1911 is moved to the genus Neophygopoda Melzer, 1933, creating the new combination Neophygopoda nigritarsis, the genera Panamapoda Clarke, 2014 and Paraphygopoda Clarke, 2014 are revalidated, and the species Paraphygopoda viridimicans (Fisher, 1952) and Paraphygopoda nappae Clarke, 2014 are also revalidated.
Klugiatragus gen. nov. is described for Epimelitta laticornis (Klug, 1825) because this species has closed procoxal cavities, a crucial diagnostic incompatible with Epimelitta Bates, 1870, which has open procoxal cavities. Both sexes of this species are illustrated.
A revised checklist for the butterfly families Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae of Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) is presented, bringing nomenclature in line with modern usage, indicating synonyms from earlier lists and adding new records since the last checklist was published in 1970. Migrant and vagrant species are provisionally recognised, and records considered incorrect are discussed. The checklist includes 204 species: 15 Papilionidae, 29 Pieridae and 160 Nymphalidae. The only taxonomic change is to treat Hamadryas feronia insularis (Fruhstorfer) as a synonym of H. f. feronia (Linnaeus), syn. nov., and not as a synonym of H. feronia farinulenta (Fruhstorfer).
A revised checklist for the butterfl y families Hedylidae and Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago) is presented, bringing nomenclature in line with modern usage, and indicating synonyms from earlier lists and papers. The following are new records for Trinidad: Thessia athesis (Hewitson), Bungalotis clusia Evans, Sarmientoia eriopis (Hewitson), Pellicia tyana toza Evans, Quadrus contubernalis contubernalis (Mabille) and Decinea decinea derisor (Mabille). The checklist includes two species of Hedylidae and 314 species of 157 genera of Hesperiidae, comprising 87 species of 37 genera of Eudaminae, 73 species of 41 genera of Pyrginae, and 154 species of 80 genera of Hesperiinae.
A preliminary catalogue of the moths (Lepidoptera except Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West Indies
(2017)
This catalogue comprises records of 355 species of moths (non-papilionoid Lepidoptera) from Tobago, of which 15 are partially identified. Of this total, all except 17 (5%) are known from Trinidad, although not all these records from Trinidad are published yet. Of these 17, eleven are expected to occur in Trinidad as they also occur on the mainland of South America and two are only known from Tobago but will probably also occur in Trinidad. This leaves just four species (1% of the total) that are known from the Lesser Antilles and are currently not known from further south than Tobago. The families represented by the most species are Erebidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae and Sphingidae, which between them account for 73% of records. Taxonomic changes are made as follows. Podalia farmbri (Kaye, 1925) sp. rev. (Megalopygidae) is removed from the synonymy of P. nigrescens Schaus, 1905. Podalia walkeri Hopp, 1935 and P. dimidiata (Walker, 1865) are syn. nov. of P. farmbri Kaye, 1925. Renia bipunctata (Kaye, 1901) (Erebidae) is a comb. nov. for Zanclognatha bipunctata. Aristaria trinitalis Schaus, 1906 (Erebidae) is a syn. nov. of Renia bipunctata Kaye, 1901. Aglaonice deldonalis Walker, 1859 sp. rev. (Erebidae) is removed from the synonymy of A. hirtipalpis Walker, [1859]. Plusiodonta cupristria Kaye, 1923 (Erebidae) is a syn. nov. of Oraesia excitans Walker [1858]. Oroscopa abluta (Schaus, 1912) (Erebidae) is a comb. nov. for Freilla abluta Schaus, 1912, which is a new combination in common use, but not previously published. Ptichodis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1797) (Erebidae) is a comb. nov. for Noctua auct. dorsalis Fabricius, a new combination already in use, but not formally published. I endorse the unpublished conclusion of I.W.B. Nye that Ptichodis basilans (Guenée, 1852) is a syn. nov. of Ptichodis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1797). Ptichodis agrapta Hampson, 1913 is also a syn. nov. of Ptichodis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1797).
Six annotated lists are presented: A, a checklist of the butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago (150 species); B, species for which there are no records in the last 80 years (49 species); C, species needing confi rmation from Tobago (5 species); D, species not accepted from Tobago (12 species); E, species which are likely to occur in Tobago, but have not been recorded (6 species); and F, species and subspecies recorded from Tobago, but not from Trinidad (2 species and 2 subspecies). Remarkably, 33% of the 150 recorded species have not been reported
in the last 80 years. While it is possible that some of these are not resident or have become extinct, it seems more likely that most have simply not been found in the last 80 years. The butterfly fauna of Tobago merits further study; year-round collecting in different habitats and areas, using a variety of techniques, will surely fi ll in many of the apparent gaps in our knowledge. Ouleus fridericus sheldoni ssp. nov. (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae) is described from Tobago, with illustrations of adults and male genitalia, and is compared to O. fridericus sinepunctis (Kaye) from Trinidad. Danaus plexippus tobagi A.H. Clark, 1941 is a syn. nov. of D. plexippus nigrippus (Haensch, 1909) (Nymphalidae, Danainae).
A revised annotated checklist for the butterfly family Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad is presented, updating nomenclature, and indicating synonyms from earlier lists and papers. The checklist includes 131 species of Lycaenidae, comprising 127 species of 49 genera of Eumaeini, Theclinae, and four species of three genera of Polyommatinae.
There are more than 30 new island records. No lycaenid species is endemic to Trinidad, and the fauna consists primarily of widespread species (71%) that occur from Central America to the Amazon Basin. However, the primary biogeographic affi nity is the Amazon Region, where 94% of the Trinidad lycaenid fauna also occurs.
Corrections are made to the literature cited in the first author’s earlier checklists on other Trinidad butterflies.
New and interesting Surirella taxa (Surirellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Congo Basin (DR Congo)
(2015)
Two new diatom taxa belonging to the genus Surirella, S. ebalensis and S. congolensis, are described from material of the Congo Basin, downstream Kisangani, DR Congo. The first taxon is a small, rather common species in the studied material; the second a somewhat larger diatom that was only sporadically observed. The morphology of both taxa is examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the new and other closely related taxa such as S. agonaensis and S. bonsaensis, and S. takoradiensis, S. tenuissima and S. pseudotenuissima, respectively, are discussed.
The brachypterous Brazilian stag beetle genus Altitatiayus Weinreich (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae)
was previously known only from states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Altitatiayus campoi, a new species
from São Paulo, the southernmost in distribution, is described here and apparently represents a new species group
with some exclusive characters. It is compared with other species of the genus and a key to species of Altitatiayus is
provided.
The female of Phileurus bucculentus Ohaus, 1911 is described for the first time. It is compared with the male and also with the females of Phileurus carinatus Prell, 1914, with which it can be confused. Additional data for Phileurus carinatus are provided with four new country records for Guyana, Colombia, Peru and Argentina, and its taxonomic status is reviewed.
A second genus and species of Nearctic keroplatid fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Keroplatidae: Macrocerinae) attributed to the tribe Robsonomyiini is described: Calusamyia hribari Coher, n. gen., n. sp.. The relationship of this fly from the Florida Keys with Asian genera and species and the single Nearctic described form of the robsonomyiines is briefly discussed.
A taxonomic revision was performed on the New World scarabaeoid genus Aegidinus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae). Twelve new species and three previously described species are included in the revision. Keys to New World genera, species of the genus Aegidinus, and distribution maps are provided. Phylogenetic analyses of the world genera of the Orphninae were conducted using 30 adult, morphological characters from representatives of 13 of the 14 genera and three out-group taxa. The subfamily Orphninae is a strongly supported monophyletic group (bootstrap support 88-90%) with respect to the chosen out-group. Characters that support the Orphninae are: mandibles not sickle shaped, molar surface on the mandibles present, lacinia present, and stridulatory comb present. Separate Old and New World lineages are also supported by the phylogeny, when two genera, Goniorphnus Arrow and Stenosternus Karsch, are excluded from the analysis. The new species described are: Aegidinus cornutus Colby, A. crypticus Colby, A. howdenorum Colby, A. howeae Colby, A. oreibates Colby, A. petrovi Colby, A. simulatus Colby, A. sunidgea Colby, A. teamscaraborum Colby, A. tricornis Colby, A. unicus Colby, and A. venezuelensis Colby.
Chondrocyclus Ancey, 1898 is a genus of nine species of African operculate land snails restricted to indigenous forest and mesic thicket. Worn specimens (i.e., without a periostracum or operculum), on which some species descriptions and records were based, appear to be indistinguishable morphologically. A comprehensive revision of Chondrocyclus s.l. is provided here based on comparative morphological examinations of the shell, protoconch, periostracum, operculum, radula and penis, and on mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA. Two genus-level lineages are recognised, Chondrocyclus s.s. and Afrocyclus gen. nov. Revised species descriptions are given for seven species. Two species, C. meredithae Bruggen, 1983 and C. chirindae Bruggen, 1986 both from north of South Africa, are removed from Chondrocyclus. Twelve new species are described: C. herberti sp. nov., C. silvicolus sp. nov., C. amathole sp. nov., C. pondoensis sp. nov., C. devilliersi sp. nov., C. pulcherrimus sp. nov., C. cooperae sp. nov., C. langebergensis sp. nov., C. kevincolei sp. nov., A. oxygala gen. et sp. nov., A. potteri gen. et sp. nov. and A. bhaca gen. et sp. nov. This is the first detailed systematic revision of an Afrotropical cyclophorid group to include morphological and molecular data. This study complements research on other taxa of low-vagility forest-dwelling habitat specialists by providing comparative distribution data for an independent, widespread group. Such evidence is urgently needed for conservation of South Africa’s threatened forest biome.
New Zealand species of Iphimediidae, Amphipoda, are revised. Based on new material from the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, two new species are described in detail: Labriphimedia meikae sp. nov. and Labriphimedia martinae sp. nov. A key to the six species belonging to three genera of New Zealand Iphimediidae is provided.
Walter Biese described Littoridina santiagensis Biese, 1944 (Cochliopidae) from Estero Dehesa in 1944 based exclusively on external shell features and a second allopatric population in Yeso Spring three years later. Since 2011 different samplings have been carried out at the type locality and have only provided specimens of the morphologically similar invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gray, 1843 (Tateidae), raising doubts about the identity of the species. The recent finding of two snail morphotypes in Yeso Spring, a thick shelled form congruent with type specimens of L. santiagensis and a slender one morphologically associable to P. antipodarum, allowed comparative studies, including the taxonomic analysis of additional populations with similar shell morphology occurring in central Chile. A DNA barcoding (COI) approach identified the slender form from Yeso Spring in Maipo Basin and a second population from the contiguous Rapel Basin indeed as the invasive P. antipodarum; however, L. santiagensis was recovered among species of Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Tateidae), justifying the Potamolithus santiagensis (Biese, 1944) comb. nov. Besides recognition of three other populations as belonging to Potamolithus, the molecular analysis also suggests trans-Andean dispersal of this group of snails in the Southern Cone of South America.
Coronuloid barnacles are epibionts of several marine vertebrates (including cetaceans and sea turtles) as well as invertebrates, and are assigned to two families of turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 and Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976) and one family of whale barnacles (Coronulidae Leach, 1817). Chelonibiids and coronulids have a scanty, albeit significant fossil record extending back to the Eocene and Pliocene, respectively; in turn, the fossil record of platylepadids is limited to a single record from the Upper Pleistocene. Here we report on an isolated carinolateral compartment of Platylepas Gray, 1825, the type genus of the family, from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) epibathyal deposits exposed at Milazzo (Sicily, Italy). This specimen is here designated holotype of a new species, †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. We argue that, like most extant members of Platylepas, †P. mediterranea sp. nov. lived partially embedded in the skin of a sea turtle. This record of an extinct platylepadid – the first from the Mediterranean region and the second worldwide – pushes back the fossil record of Platylepadidae to the lowermost Quaternary, thus possibly supporting an even earlier (e.g., Neogene) timing for the origin of this family and adding a new chapter to the evolutionary history of one of the most diverse and successful lineages of epizoic crustaceans.
Pocket gopher burrows (Rodentia: Geomyidae) were sampled from five previously unsampled localities in northern Louisiana to determine the associated faunal composition of Histeridae and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). Sampling produced four species of Histeridae and seven species of Scarabaeidae, all of which had been previously reported from Louisiana. The most commonly collected scarab beetle was Cryptoscatomaseter haldemani (Horn) followed by Geomyphilus insolitus (Brown). Onthophilus kirni Ross was the most commonly collected hister beetle.
Pocket gopher burrows were sampled from 22 counties within Arkansas to determine the associated faunal composition of three major families of Coleoptera (Histeridae, Leiodidae and Scarabaeidae) commonly associated with pocket gopher burrows. We collected eight species of Histeridae, four species of Leiodidae and eight species of Scarabaeidae from the burrows of Geomys breviceps Baird. Three of the Histeridae were new state records, Geomysaprinus goffi Ross, G. rugosifrons (Fall) and Margarinotus felipae (Lewis). All of the Leiodidae were new state records and one Scarabaeidae was a new state record, Dellacasiellus concavus (Say). The most commonly collected scarab beetles were Cryptoscatomaseter haldemani (Horn) and Geomyphilus insolitus (Brown). The most commonly collected hister beetle was Onthophilus kirni Ross. The Leiodidae were infrequently captured.
The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.
The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Purusha Distant, 1906 is reviewed and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Two new species, P. bellissima sp. nov. and P. vietnamica sp. nov. are described from Myanmar and North Vietnam, respectively. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. reversa (Hope, 1843). All species are illustrated, including all type specimens and the male genitalia for the first time. Distribution maps, identification key to species and biological data are provided. The sexual dimorphism in the genus is discussed. Five species are currently placed in Purusha.
A new species of the genus Birdantis Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), B. bhaskarai sp. nov. from Larat Island (Tanimbar), is described. Birdantis collaris (Walker, 1870) stat. rev. and B. trilineata (Schmidt, 1926) stat. rev. are reinstated as valid species, respectively from status of subspecies and as junior synonym of B. delibuta Stål, 1863. These four species, as well as the other one previously described from the Maluku Islands, B. decens Stål, 1863, are illustrated from their type specimens. An identification key, a distribution map, illustrations of habitus and details of male genitalia are provided. The synonymy between Myrilla Distant, 1888 and Birdantis is formally reinstated and all species formerly placed in the subgenus Birdantis (Myrilla) are transferred to Birdantis sensu stricto. Birdantis is transferred to the subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 and now contains eighteen species distributed in Maluku (five species), New Guinea and neighbouring islands (ten species) and Australia
(three species).
The species group effusus of the genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839 is reviewed and the nomenclatural history of the genus Pyrops is briefly summarized. One new species from eastern Borneo, Pyrops synavei sp. nov., is described. P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat. nov. is proposed as a valid species instead of a subspecies of P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). P. maquilinganus (Baker, 1925) is removed from the effusus group and placed back into the candelaria group. P. cyanirostris (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) is removed from the group and not attributed to any of the currently defined species groups. An illustrated key to the species of the group with the addition of P. intricatus (Walker, 1857) and a distribution map are given. The effusus group is restricted to Borneo and adjacent Laut Island and presently contains 4 species: P. effusus (Distant, 1891), P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat.nov., P. synavei sp. nov. and P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). Trophobiosis observations with the gecko Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and two species of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattodea), one Dorylaea sp. and an unidentified species of Pseudophyllodromiinae, are reported and illustrated for P. whiteheadi; observation with a cockroach, Dorylaea sp., is reported for P. intricatus.
The species of the genus Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 from Sulawesi and adjacent islands are reviewed and three new species are described: P. bantimurung sp. nov. (Sulawesi), P. basirubra sp. nov. (Sulawesi, Wowoni and Buton) and P. pelengana sp. nov. (Peleng). An identification key for the 6 species recorded in the area is given. Habitus, detailed illustrations and a distribution map are provided for all species. The male genitalia of the three new species are illustrated and described, and the male genitalia of P. thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 are figured and described for the first time. The genus Polydictya now contains 24 species.
The Malagasy genus Belbina Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is revised, transferred from the Enchophorinae Haupt, 1829 to the Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847, and two new species, B. bourgoini sp. nov. and B. laetitiae sp. nov., are described. The genus Cornelia Stål, 1866 is proposed as a junior synonym of Belbina. The following new combinations are proposed: Belbina bergrothi (Schmidt, 1911) comb. nov. and B. nympha (Stål, 1866) comb. nov. The combination Belbina foliacea Lallemand, 1950 is restored. Aphana madagascariensis Westwood, 1851 is redescribed, transferred to Belbina and the new combination B. madagascariensis (Westwood, 1851) is proposed. Belbina vicina Lallemand, 1959 is proposed as a junior synonym of B. falleni Stål, 1863 and Cornelia atomaria (Brancsik, 1893) as a junior synonym of Belbina nympha (Stål, 1866). Neotypes are designated for B. madagascariensis (Westwood, 1851) comb. nov. and B. servillei (Spinola, 1839). The genus now comprises 12 species from Madagascar. A list of diagnostic characters, an identification key, illustrations of the male genitalia and distribution maps are provided. The falleni+ species group is defined based on characters of the male genitalia and contains the following 5 species: B. bloetei Lallemand, 1959, B. falleni Stål, 1863, B. laetitiae sp. nov., B. lambertoni Lallemand, 1922 and B. pionneaui Lallemand, 1922.
Datua brevirostris Lallemand, 1959 is transferred to the genus Egregia Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011 in the Aphaeninae and the new combination Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959)
comb. nov. is proposed. Egregia marpessa Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2011, the type-species of the genus Egregia, is synonymized with Egregia brevirostris (Lallemand, 1959). A second species, Egregia laprincesse sp. nov. is described from Sumatra, extending the distribution of the genus hitherto recorded only from Borneo. Distribution maps and an identification key are provided. The male genitalia of E. brevirostris are illustrated and described. The genus Datua Schmidt, 1911 now contains a single species, D. bisinuata Schmidt, 1911.
Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)
(2017)
The clavatus group of Pyrops Spinola, 1839 is reviewed and redefined. The new combination Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) comb. nov. is proposed, as atroalbus is reinstated as a full species from status of subspecies of Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913). Pyrops nigripennis (Chou & Wang, 1985) and Pyrops clavatus mizunumai (Sato & Nagai, 1994) are proposed as junior synonyms of P. clavatus (Westwood, 1839). The Philippine species P. polillensis (Baker, 1925) is removed from the group and not attributed to any of the currently defined species groups. Hence, the clavatus group is restricted to continental Southeast Asia and Taiwan and contains three species: P. atroalbus comb. nov., P. clavatus and P. watanabei. A key to the species of the group and illustrations of the male genitalia are provided. The intraspecific colour variation in the group is discussed and illustrated. The genus Pyrops is removed from the subfamily Fulgorinae and not attributed to any of the currently defined subfamilies of Fulgoridae.
Two new species of the genus Gergithoides Schumacher, 1915 (Issinae, Hemisphaeriini), G. gnezdilovi sp. nov. from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in Central Vietnam and G. nui sp. nov. from Pia-Oac National Park in North Vietnam, are described. These are the only species of the genus formally recorded from Vietnam to date. Habitus, details and male genitalia are illustrated and a distribution map is provided. Four females representing three or four additional species, known from females only, are mentioned and illustrated. Taxonomic and biogeographical updates based on a thorough review of the literature are proposed and discussed for G. carinatifrons Schumacher, 1915, G. rugulosus (Melichar, 1906) and G. undulatus Wang & Che, 2003.
The new subgenus Maculergithus subgen. nov. is established to accommodate two new species of the genus Gergithus Stål, 1870 (Issinae, Hemisphaeriini): G. (Maculergithus) tamdao subgen. et sp. nov. and G. (Maculergithus) luteomaculatus subgen. et sp. nov. from Tam Dao National Park in North Vietnam. Two more species from Hainan, China, G. multipunctatus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007 and G. nonomaculatus Meng & Wang, 2012 are also placed in Maculergithus subgen. nov. A fifth species from Hainan, yet undescribed and erroneously identified as G. multipunctatus in recent papers also belongs to this new subgenus. Illustrations of habitus, morphological details and male genitalia together with a distribution map and an identification key to the species of Maculergithus subgen. nov. are provided. Four species of the genus Gergithus are now recorded in Vietnam. A rectificative note on the misinterpretation of G. multipunctatus in recent publications on Issidae is also provided.
A new species of coffee stem and root borer from Colombia is described: Plagiohammus colombiensis, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). The new species differs from other species of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon by the yellow pattern of spots on the elytra, the morphology of the antenna and pronotum as well as characters of the male genitalia. A key to species of Plagiohammus is provided. This study examines the current situation of the new species of coffee stem and root borer in Colombia. Information on its biology and damage to the coffee plantations is presented.
In this paper we describe two new tardigrade species belonging to the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex: Macrobiotus noongaris sp. nov. from Perth, Australia, and Macrobiotus kamilae sp. nov. from Mussoorie, India. Live specimens extracted from moss samples were used to establish laboratory cultures in order to obtain additional animals and eggs needed for their integrative descriptions. These descriptions are based on traditional morphological and morphometric data collected using both light and scanning electron microscopy, which, at the same time, were associated with DNA sequences of four genetic markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI). The use of DNA sequences allowed for a more accurate verification of the taxonomic status of M. noongaris sp. nov. and M. kamilae sp. nov as independent species of the hufelandi group. Although they both exhibit typical inverted goblet-shaped processes, they represent a recently discovered clade, which was thought to group species with modified morphology of egg processes. Thus, this contribution expands the definition of the mentioned clade and constitutes another link that will be helpful for future studies on the evolution of the M. hufelandi complex.
Three new species of Kynotus from the Central Highlands of Madagascar (Clitellata, Megadrili)
(2017)
The earthworm fauna of Madagascar is scarcely known. A recently launched exploration of the soil fauna (“Global Change and Soil Macrofauna Diversity in Madagascar”) resulted in the discovery of six new earthworm species belonging to the Malagasy endemic family Kynotidae. The success of the collecting campaign carried out between 2008 and 2011 inspired a new exploration of the earthworm fauna across the Central Highland Region of the island in the spring of 2015. During this expedition, two new species of Kynotus, K. ankisiranus sp. nov. and K. voimmanus sp. nov., were discovered. Barcoding of the recently collected species of Kynotus revealed that the unpigmented worms referred previously to K. alaotranus Michaelsen, 1897 also represented a new, still undescribed species, K. blancharti sp. nov.
Three new species of potamonautid freshwater crabs are described from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa. Two of the new species (Potamonautes busungwe sp. nov. and P. entebbe sp. nov.) are from the shores of Lake Victoria, while the third (P. kantsyore sp. nov.) is from an inland locality on the Kagera River that flows into the lake. In addition, two of the new taxa (P. busungwe sp. nov. and P. kantsyore sp. nov.) are among the smallest species of freshwater crabs so far known from Africa. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for these taxa, which are compared to similar species from Uganda and elsewhere in East Africa.
Two new species of potamonautid freshwater crabs are described from the Imatong Mountains and Mount Moroto in northern Uganda, East Africa, and a third highland species, Potamonautes amalerensis (Rathbun, 1935) stat. rev. from Mount Kadam is re-diagnosed based on examination of the holotype. All three species are endemic to a different mountain range and their collection localities indicate a distinct preference for higher altitudes. Diagnoses, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for these taxa, and they are compared to similar species from the region. The conservation status of all three species is discussed.
We report here on recent collections of freshwater crabs from Antsiranana Province, northern Madagascar. The specimens belong to three species, one of which is new to science and is described here. This raises the number of species of freshwater crabs found in Madagascar to 17. All are endemic to the island and all belong to the Afrotropical family Potamonautidae Bott, 1970. The new species, Foza manonae sp. nov., is compared to the other species in this genus, and an updated key is provided. It is distinguished from the other three congeners by characters of the male first gonopod, sternum, carapace, and cheliped. The conservation status of the Malagasy freshwater crab fauna is summarized and discussed in light of the new material reported on here belonging to two other species, Madagapotamon humberti Bott, 1965 and Foza ambohitra Cumberlidge & Meyer, 2009.
A new species of leaf insect, Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming and Teemsma, new species (Phasmida: Phylliidae), is described from a series of males, females, and eggs from Peleng Island, Indonesia. This new species is the first record of the family Phylliidae on the island and is here differentiated from congeners. Keys to males, females, and eggs of the Phyllium species of Sulawesi and Peleng islands are included within.
First records for Vietnam of Fukienogomphus promineusChao, 1954 and Gomphidia abbotti Williamson, 1908 are documented with emphasis on morphological details. The previously published record of Sieboldius gigas(Martin, 1904) in Do et al. (2011) has to be corrected into Megalogomphus sommeri (Selys, 1854).
During three field trips in 2006 and 2010 to Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Vietnam, a total of 19 anisopteran taxa was recorded. The most interesting records are documented here with field photographs of living specimens or collection material. Observations on their biology and behaviour are also noted.
Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 has been one of the most mysterious dung beetle groups of the Neotropical fauna, having a rather peculiar morphology, very few known specimens in collections and a difficult placement among the scarabaeine lineages. In this work, based on the examination of a recently collected series of specimens and a synthesis of some scattered, but deeply valuable, information available in the literature, we readdress many of the questions posed by past authors. It is shown that Streblopus is a relict genus composed of two currently living species of widely disjunct distribution, namely S. opatroides Van Lansberge, 1874, from patches of Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, and S. punctatus (Balthasar, 1938), known from a few localities across Sub-Andean humid forests in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon Forest. We redescribe both and present in detail the evidence pointing to their validity as two independent species; a discussion of their remarkable sexual dimorphism is also given. The biogeography of Streblopus in South America is addressed, and we conclude that the present disjunct distribution of the genus is a consequence of the retreat of the tropical forest corridors that once connected the Atlantic Forest to the Amazon Basin through the South American Dry Diagonal during several periods of the Neogene, particularly until the Middle Miocene. Finally, we propose an African origin for the genus based on its close phylogenetic relationship with a group of Old World taxa ‒ particularly Circellium Latreille, 1825 and Scarabaeini. Having diverged from those groups in the late Upper Cretaceous, we argue that the ancestor of Streblopus arrived in South America crossing the Atlantic Ocean by rafting. We present a synthesis of data from a wide variety of biological groups to support our ideas and contend that long-distance dispersal hypotheses should be taken more seriously by scarab beetle specialists.
Although extensively studied by different authors over the past 150 years, the taxonomy of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 and allied genera (which are here informally referred to as 'Canthon sensu lato') still remains problematic. With the aim of resolving some of the questions surrounding these taxa, the present work reviews the taxonomy of one of them, the genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. As defined here, Sylvicanthon is distributed mainly throughout the vast areas of tropical rainforests in the Neotropical region and includes 15 species divided into two groups: the enkerlini group, with a single species, S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., and the candezei group, with five subgroups: the candezei subgroup, with S. candezei (Harold, 1869), S. genieri sp. nov. and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920); the aequinoctialis subgroup, with S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. and S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.; the bridarollii subgroup, with S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), S. seag sp. nov., S. edmondsi sp. nov. and S. attenboroughi sp. nov.; the furvus subgroup, with S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), S. monnei sp. nov., S. mayri sp. nov. and S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920); and the securus subgroup, with a single species, S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. Three species originally included in Sylvicanthon are here (re)transferred to Canthon: Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846 and C. machadoi (Martínez & Pereira, 1967) comb. nov., as well as C. cobosi (Pereira & Martínez, 1960) stat. et comb. nov., which had been previously in synonymy under C. xanthopus. Descriptions, redescriptions, illustrations and comparative tables on the external morphology (including the genital capsule) of the genus and its species are presented, as well as a detailed discussion on their biogeography, comparative morphology, hypotheses on their phylogenetic relationships, data on natural history and a detailed historical revision of the classification of 'Canthon sensu lato'. Finally, we also discuss the socalled 'species problem' (i.e., the definition of the scientific term 'species') and its consequences to dung beetle taxonomy and favour the solution offered by the Biological Species Concept.
The National Collection of Arachnids, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México City) houses 476 chilopod samples, of which 197 are determined to genus and/or species. These are documented here and represent several new state records. Topotypes of eight species of centipedes described by R. V. Chamberlin also documented.
This addendum to “An annotated list of the centipedes (Chilopoda) in The National Collection of Arachnids (Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, CNAN), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” (México City), is based on new samples deposited in the last three years. It updates the preliminary list of 197 samples determined to genus and/or species. In this paper a total of 132 samples were added: Scutigeromorpha, 27; and Scolopendromorpha, 105. It also provides new state distribution records for Dendrothereua linceci (Wood, 1867), Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus, 1758, S. polymorpha Wood, 1861, Rhysida immarginata (Porat, 1876), Scolopocryptops melanostomus Newport, 1845, Newportia spinipes Pocock, 1896, and Ectonocryptoides quadrimeropus Shelley and Mercurio, 2005.
La Reserva de la Biosfera de Chamela-Cuixmala se localiza en la costa del Pacífico del estado mexicano de Jalisco. La Reserva fue fundada en 1993 y se extiende por 13142 hectáreas. Es una de las pocas reservas en México creada para la protección de la selva tropical caducifolia (seca) y sistemas asociados. Cinco especies de ciempiés han sido registradas previamente para la Reserva: Cormocephalus impressus Porat, 1876; Dendrothereua linceci (Wood, 1867); Ectonocryptoides quadrimeropus Shelley y Mercurio, 2005; Scolopendra polymorpha (Wood, 1861) y Scolopendra viridis Say, 1821. A partir de julio de 2010 se inició con el primer estudio formal de la fauna de ciempiés en la Reserva. Después de un año de muestreos, ocho morfoespecies de ciempiés se han determinado para la Reserva: Cryptops (Haplocryptops) cf. acapulcensis Verhoeff, 1934; Cryptops sp.; Rhysida immarginata (Porat, 1876); Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus, 1758; Polycricus sp.; Sogona sp.; Orphnaeus sp.; y Straberax sp. Esta es la primera vez que Cryptops (Haplocryptops) cf. acapulcensis es encontrada en otra localidad distinta de su localidad tipo. Estudios previos han determinado el papel de los ciempiés como parte de la dieta de mamíferos y componente de la fauna del suelo.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Arsipoda Erichson, 1842 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in New Caledonia
(2016)
A taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian species of Arsipoda Erichson, 1842 is provided. This group includes 21 species, of which 14 are new to science: Arsipoda atra sp. nov., A. communis sp. nov., A. doboszi sp. nov., A. elongata sp. nov., A. gomezzuritai sp. nov., A. gressitti sp. nov., A. longifrons sp. nov., A. montana sp. nov., A. paniensis sp. nov., A. povilaensis sp. nov., A. punctata sp. nov., A. rutai sp. nov., A. transversa sp. nov. and A. wanati sp. nov. A key for the identification, with figures of habitus, main diagnostic characters, and genitalia is supplied. The range of host plants for these species is extraordinarily broad, and a significant number of them feed on pollen. Crepicnema Scherer, 1969, close to Arsipoda, is also investigated and maintained as a separate genus, and the following synonymies and combination are proposed: Crepicnema parvula (Jacoby, 1885) comb. nov. = Chaetocnema tenimberensis Jacoby, 1894 syn. nov., = Arsipoda salomonensis Bryant, 1941 syn. nov. The phylogenetic analysis, including also A. bifrons Erichson, 1842 and Crepicnema, confirms some trends in distribution patterns of the endemic New Caledonian fauna, and highlights the necessity of further studies to clarify the relationships between Arsipoda and related genera.
A new common deep-sea species of Halirages Boeck, 1871 closely related to H.qvadridentatus G.O. Sars, 1877, H.cainae sp. nov., is described after specimens collected in the Norwegian Sea during the MAREANO 2009-111 cruise. Examination of the syntypes of H. elegans Norman, 1882 demonstrates that Norman's species is a junior synonym of H.qvadridentatus G.O. Sars, 1877 and that the species usually named H.elegans in literature was actually undescribed. The name H.stappersi sp. nov. is proposed for that species. A key to and a checklist of Halirages species is given.
Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea)
(2017)
The present monograph includes general systematic considerations on the family Epimeriidae, a revision of the genus Epimeria Costa in Hope, 1851 in the Southern Ocean, and a shorter account on putatively related eusiroid taxa occurring in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas. The former epimeriid genera Actinacanthus Stebbing, 1888 and Paramphithoe Bruzelius, 1859 are transferred to other families, respectively to the Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman & J.L. Barnard, 1991 and the herein re-established Paramphithoidae G.O. Sars, 1883, so that only Epimeria and Uschakoviella Gurjanova, 1955 are retained within the Epimeriidae Boeck, 1871. The genera Apherusa Walker, 1891 and Halirages Boeck, 1891, which are phylogenetically close to Paramphithoe, are also transferred to the Paramphithoidae. The validity of the suborder Senticaudata Lowry & Myers, 2013, which conflicts with traditional and recent concepts of Eusiroidea Stebbing, 1888, is questioned. Eight subgenera are recognized for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species of the genus Epimeria: Drakepimeria subgen. nov., Epimeriella K.H. Barnard, 1930, Hoplepimeria subgen. nov., Laevepimeria subgen. nov., Metepimeria Schellenberg, 1931, Pseudepimeria Chevreux, 1912, Subepimeria Bellan-Santini, 1972 and Urepimeria subgen. nov. The type subgenus Epimeria, as currently defined, does not occur in the Southern Ocean. Drakepimeria species are superficially similar to the type species of the genus Epimeria: E. cornigera (Fabricius, 1779), but they are phylogenetically unrelated and substantial morphological differences are obvious at a finer level. Twenty-seven new Antarctic Epimeria species are described herein: Epimeria (Drakepimeria) acanthochelon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) anguloce subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) colemani subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) corbariae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) cyrano subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) havermansiana subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) leukhoplites subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) loerzae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) pandora subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) pyrodrakon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (D.) robertiana subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Epimeriella) atalanta sp. nov., Epimeria (Hoplepimeria) cyphorachis subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) gargantua subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) linseae subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) quasimodo subgen. et sp. nov., E. (H.) xesta subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Laevepimeria) anodon subgen. et sp. nov., E. (L.) cinderella subgen. et sp. nov., Epimeria (Pseudepimeria) amoenitas sp. nov., E. (P.) callista sp. nov., E. (P.) debroyeri sp. nov., E. (P.) kharieis sp. nov., Epimeria (Subepimeria) adeliae sp. nov., E. (S.) iota sp. nov., E. (S.) teres sp. nov. and E. (S.) urvillei sp. nov. The type specimens of E. (D.) macrodonta Walker, 1906, E. (D.) similis Chevreux, 1912, E. (H.) georgiana Schellenberg, 1931 and E. (H.) inermis Walker, 1903 are re-described and illustrated.
Historically the taxonomy of the genus Timarcha has been, and continues to be, quite confusing and largely erroneous. The confusion is mainly due to the absence of reliable traits that aid in precise identification; the lack of study of types at species-level has also contributed to the difficulty in the taxonomy. To improve this situation, we propose techniques for the dissection and study of three useful diagnostic characters such as the vestiture of the sole of female tarsi, and the morphology of the endophallus and its sclerites in males. These features combined are distinctive for each of the species and can help to resolve the taxonomy of the genus.
I would like to begin my presentation with the quotation of the first sentence of Shafii’s Trea-tise er-Risala, the first work which has been reached us until now, concerning foundation of Islamic jurisprudence. “Praise be to God gratitude for one of His favors can only be paid through another favor of him. And this favor generates favor to be bestowed, wherefore, one should feel obliged continuously to pay gratitude to God for each favor.” It is possible to conceive that Mercy (al-Rahma), the common expression of all favors granted by the Almighty Creature of human beings, has two salient characteristics: one is vertical that is with regard to the Creator and creatures, and the other is horizontal that is concerning hu-man relations among themselves as well as with other creatures. When the concept of Mercy is evaluated in perspective of God-human being relations in the existing world, it indicates that God’s favors, without discrimination, are granted to all human beings. ...
„Meine Herren – Es wackelt alles“. Mit diesen berühmten Worten hatte Ernst Troeltsch die kirchliche, die religiöse und die theologische Situation der Zeit vor gut 100 Jahren umrissen: Es war 1896, auf einem Kongreß der „Freunde der Christlichen Welt“, einer Gruppe liberal denkender Professoren aus allen Fakultäten. Troeltsch hatte dabei beides im Blick: den Zustand der Kirche und die Sache der Theologie. „Es wackelt alles.“ Genau diese Empfindung war es, die vielen von uns jüngeren Theologen in den sechziger Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts zu schaffen machte. Was „wackelte“, war zunächst die Sache der Theologie selbst, die damals häufig, beispielsweise auf dem Stuttgarter Kirchentag von 1969, als „Streit um Kaisers Bart“ in Frage gestellt und lächerlich gemacht wurde. Und zwar keineswegs von Atheisten oder anderen Gegnern der Kirche, sondern von jungen Theologen, von Studenten und Vikaren. Verunsichert waren sie vor allem durch die Ergebnisse der historisch-kritischen Bibel-Exegese, die gar nicht mit den Ursprungsmotivationen für ihr Theologiestudium zusammenpassen wollten. Verunsichert waren sie zusätzlich durch die marxistische Religionskritik, die damals ihre große Renaissance erlebte. Und „es wackelte“ nicht nur die Theologie; sondern es begannen auch die nach 1945 so kräftig restaurierten Funktionen und Rollen der Kirche zu wackeln. Als verunsichernd wurde vor allem die ungewohnte und scharfe (dabei de facto unwissenschaftlich einseitige) sozialkritische Analyse des Handelns der Kirche und seiner Folgen in 2000 Jahren Christentumsgeschichte empfunden. „Vom Elend des Christentums“ hieß die polemische Kampfschrift des jungen Marburger Dr. theol. Joachim Kahl. Das kleine Rowohlt-Büchlein fand reißenden Absatz unter den theologischen und nichttheologischen Kritikern der Kirche. ...
A new species of the Afrotropical genus Genaemirum Heinrich, 1936 is described from a single female specimen from Guinea and compared to the closest species, G. rhinoceros Heinrich, 1967. Genaemirum filipazzii sp. nov. also provides the first record of the genus for West Africa. An updated key to the species is included.
Two new species of Deltosoma Thomson, 1864 are described from French Guiana: D. humeralis sp. nov. and D. fernandezi sp. nov. Deltosoma lacordairei Thomson, 1864 is redescribed based on examination of the holotype. A study of the aedeagi of these three species was conducted. Dorsal habitus photographs of both sexes, ventral photographs of males, and aedeagi photographs are provided.
Four new species and one new genus of Cerambycinae are described from French Guiana: Sphagoeme premarginata sp. nov. and Atenizus apicalis sp. nov. (Oemini); Paraniophis signatipes gen. nov., sp. nov., and Niophis brusteli sp. nov. (Ectenessini). Three new country records for French Guiana are provided: Sphagoeme paraensis Martins, 1977, Atenizus simplex Bates, 1884, and Macroeme vittipennis (Melzer, 1934). All taxa are illustrated.
Distributional records of the 30 tiger beetle species and subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) known for Brunei Darussalam are given together with habitus photos for 21 species. Neocollyris (Neocollyris) labiomaculata (Horn, 1892), Neocollyris (Neocollyris) emarginata (Dejean, 1825), Therates spectabilis fl avissimus Brouerius van Nidek, 1957, Heptodonta analis s. str. (Fabricius, 1801), Cosmodela velata (Bates, 1872), Lophyra (s. str.) fuliginosa (Dejean, 1826), Cylindera (Leptinomera) fi ligera (Bates, 1878), Myriochila (s. str.) specularis brevipennis (Horn, 1897), Abroscelis tenuipes araneipes (Schaum, 1863) and Callytron doriai (Horn, 1897) are reported for the fi rst time for the Sultanate.
The checklist reports total 2489 taxa of bryophytes recorded from India, comprising 1786 species in 355 genera of mosses, 675 species in 121 genera of liverworts and 25 species in six genera of hornworts. Some of the genera of mosses like Fissidens, Barbula, Campylopus, and Bryum are found to have largest number of species. In liverworts Riccia, Porella, Frullania, Lejeunea, Plagiochila and Jungermannia are recorded to be species rich genera and in hornworts Anthoceros is well represented by species. Pottiaceae, Lejeuniaceae and Notothyladaceae are largely represented in India. Nearly 340 species are endemic to India.
The Siriella brevicaudata species group from the West Indo-Pacific, defined and designated by Murano & Fukuoka (2008), previously contained five nominal species. In this study we describe five new species in the brevicaudata group: S. bassi sp. nov. from the Bass Strait, southern Australia, S. occulta sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, S. muranoi sp. nov. from the coast of Northern Territory, Australia, S. tabaniocula sp. nov. from Ningaloo Reef of Western Australia and Lodestone Reef off Queensland, and S. talbotae sp. nov. from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia. Furthermore, Siriella hanseni W.M. Tattersall, 1922 from India and S. vincenti W.M. Tattersall, 1927 from South Australia are redescribed based on re-examination of their type material. A re-examination of specimens subsequently attributed to these two species from other geographical regions showed that these were misidentifications, partly representing three of the new species described herein. Siriella gibbosa (Ledoyer, 1970), which was previously synonymized with S. brevicaudata Paulson, 1875 by Bačescu, is revalidated and included within the brevicaudata group. Siriella lacertilis Talbot, 2009, from Lizard Island, is placed within the brevicaudata group. Diagnostic features for all the members of the group and the group itself are updated. As a result of the present study, the brevicaudata group now comprises 12 valid species.
In this essay, one of the most serious problems highlighted with respect to contemporary Iranians, who are mostly known as Shi‘ite-Perso (Shi‘ite-Persian) citizens of Iran, and what their view toward abusing wine and opium is. On one hand, the wealthy Persian literature is full of poems, narrations and notes with reference to wine and opium, while on the other hand, many parts of Shi‘ite-Islamic thought deem wine unclean and illegal, and abusing opium is forbidden except under certain [hard-fulfilling] conditions. Hereby, in this essay the aim is to express why the question “are drinking wine and abusing opium known as addiction or literal culture?” is suspended throughout the young Iranian generation. In this regard, the standpoints of Persian poets and Iranian religious figures towards wine and opium will be considered.
The checklist reports 712 taxa of bryophytes from Tamil Nadu, India, comprising 211 taxa in 56 genera and 32 families of liverworts, 8 taxa in 4 genera and 2 families of hornworts, and 493 taxa in 189 genera and 44 families of mosses. Literature sources for Tamil Nadu records are included for each taxon, and an extensive synonymy is provided. For currently accepted taxa, the details of types from Tamil Nadu are indicated. A map of Tamil Nadu, a synopsis of families and genera, and a bibliography are provided.
Patterns and processes of cladogenesis among taxa living on the Mozambique ‘sky islands’ remain poorly studied. During the present study, we report on a new freshwater crab species from Mount Lico, an inselberg and ‘sky island’ in the Zambezia Province of Mozambique. Phylogenetic analyses using three mitochondrial DNA sequence loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI) were used to determine the evolutionary placement of the freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico. The freshwater crab specimens from Mount Lico were retrieved sister to Potamonautes choloensis. The new species, Potamonautes licoensis sp. nov., is described and compared with other southern African freshwater crab species. Divergence time estimations for the Mozambican freshwater crab species suggest a Miocene / Plio–Pleistocene diversifi cation. Some endemic ‘sky island’ species form an early branching and are sister to other predominantly East African species, while other ‘sky island’ species are more recently derived and nested within a predominantly southern African clade. The present study presents the description of the fourth endemic freshwater crab species from Mozambique and suggests that the species diversity in the country is likely highly underrepresented, reiterating the call for renewed systematic surveys. An argument for the conservation of these mountainous ‘sky islands’ is presented.
This paper examines the described species of Cissidium and adds 77 new ones based on a study of material in the Manchester Museum, UK, the Natural History Museum, London, UK and in the possession of Dr Yoshihiro Sawada, Japan. The new taxa are: Cissidium advena sp. nov., C. amazonicum sp. nov., C. amieuense sp. nov., C. angulatum sp. nov., C. angusi sp. nov., C. apterum sp. nov., C. arcuatum sp. nov., C. aristophanousi sp. nov., C. besucheti sp. nov., C. bifoveolatum sp. nov., C. bilineatum sp. nov., C. bomjesus sp. nov., C. brachypterum sp. nov., C. ceylonicum sp. nov., C. clareae sp. nov., C. cryptophagoides sp. nov., C. davaoense sp. nov., C. deanei sp. nov., C. delicatum sp. nov., C. dewhurst sp. nov., C. dividuum sp. nov., C. dybasi sp. nov., C. eciton sp. nov., C. ecuadoriense sp. nov., C. faustum sp. nov., C. flavum sp. nov., C. franzi sp. nov., C. fraternum sp. nov., C. glabratum sp. nov., C. greensladei sp. nov., C. houailou sp. nov., C. ibicarense sp. nov., C. impressum sp. nov., C. inexspectatum sp. nov., C. insulare sp. nov., C. kolombangaricum sp. nov., C. lamington sp. nov., C. lawrencei sp. nov., C. loebli sp. nov., C. logunovi sp. nov., C. losbanos sp. nov., C. lucidulum sp. nov., C. luctuosum sp. nov., C. mahleri sp. nov., C. mindanao sp. nov., C. misellum sp. nov., C. modestum sp. nov., C. montanum sp. nov., C. murphyi sp. nov., C. mussardi sp. nov., C. noumeae sp. nov., C. obscenum sp. nov., C. obscurum sp. nov., C. obsoletum sp. nov., C. opacum sp. nov., C. orami sp. nov., C. peruviense sp. nov., C. pilosellum sp. nov., C. pinense sp. nov., C. plaumanni sp. nov., C. puncticolle sp. nov., C. riparium sp. nov., C. robustum sp. nov., C. rogeri sp. nov., C. seditiosum sp. nov., C. semicalvum sp. nov., C. similatum sp. nov., C. steeli sp. nov., C. subangulatum sp. nov., C. subfaustum sp. nov., C. sueae sp. nov., C. trangse sp. nov., C. upiense sp. nov., C. visendum sp. nov., C. waginicum sp. nov., C. werneri sp. nov. and C. yoruba sp. nov. The division of the genus is discussed and five species groups are established. The majority of the new species are the first records of Cissidium for the 28 countries represented.
Eight new species of Ecuadorian Ptiliidae are described and figured: Nossidium harrietae sp. nov., Ptenidium robustum sp. nov., P. tauriforme sp. nov., P. triangulum sp. nov., Notoptenidium brunneum sp. nov., Americoptilium nigrescens sp. nov., Discheramocephalus nigerrimus sp. nov. and D. striatus sp. nov. The insects were collected by J. McClarin, 2017–2018, in the Napo Province to the southeast of the capital Quito.
This paper is based on three collections of Ptiliidae from Sarawak totalling more than 2000 specimens made by staff and affiliates of the Natural History Museum, London, between March–July 1978. One new genus Niptella gen. nov with its type species Niptella gutta gen. et sp. nov. and 24 new species are described and figured: Sindosium collinsi sp. nov., Bambara hammondi sp. nov., Bambara subtortuosa sp. nov., Bambara tortuosa sp. nov., Erro brookei sp. nov., Cissidium globulum sp. nov., Cissidium longum sp. nov., Cissidium marshallae sp. nov., Cissidium pauxillum sp. nov., Cissidium subfoveolatum sp. nov., Cissidium triangulum sp. nov., Discheramocephalus nigritus sp. nov., Kuschelidium sarawakense sp. nov., Ptinella alisonae sp. nov., Acrotrichis acuta sp. nov., Acrotrichis belli sp. nov., Acrotrichis bidens sp. nov., Acrotrichis geiseri sp. nov., Acrotrichis globosa sp. nov., Acrotrichis hanskii sp. nov., Acrotrichis muluensis sp. nov., Acrotrichis plaga sp. nov., Storicricha resticula sp. nov., Storicricha umbella sp. nov. New records and information are provided for Dipentium latum Darby, 2019; Ptiliola semitaria Darby, 2018; Baeocrara minima Darby, 2019; Acrotrichis agricola Darby, 2019; Acrotrichis britteni Johnson, 1969; Acrotrichis bubalis Darby, 2019; Acrotrichis cognata (Matthews, 1877) and Acrotrichis cursitans (Nietner, 1856).
Dysponetus is a genus of the family Chrysopetalidae with twelve currently described species. Specimens are fragile and easily damaged or broken during sampling making identification difficult. The most recently described species, Dysponetus joeli Olivier et al., 2012, from the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, was described from a few small, damaged and poorly preserved specimens. New specimens from the Isles of Scilly, in much better condition, resembled D. joeli except for the absence of ventral cirri on segment 3. Examination of the type material of D. joeli showed it to be identical to these new specimens and highlighted errors in the original description of the species. The present paper corrects the errors and a revised key to species is produced. The differences between D. joeli and the two most similar species, D. bipapillatus Dahlgren, 1996 and D. macroculatus Dahlgren, 1996 are also detailed.
Barail Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) lies amidst the tropical forests of the state Assam, India between the coordinates 24o58' – 25o5' North latitudes and 92o46' – 92o52' East longitudes. It covers an area of about 326.24 sq. km. with the altitude ranging from 100 – 1850 m. An ongoing study on the group Marchantiophyta (liverworts, bryophyta) of BWS reveals the presence of 42 species belonging to 24 genera and 14 families. Among these, one genus (Conocephalum Hill) and 13 species are recorded as new for the state of Assam, eight species have been found which are endemic to India, seven species are recorded as rare and one species, Heteroscyphus pandei S.C. Srivast. & Abha Srivast. as threatened within the study area. Out of 24 genera identified, 46% have been found growing purely as terrestrials, 25% as purely epiphytes and 29% have been found to grow both as terrestrials as well as epiphytes. Among these, a diverse and interesting range of microhabitats have also been observed for each taxon. It has been found that genera having vast range of microhabitats comprise large percentage of the total liverwort flora of BWS.
This paper provides descriptions of Calcigorgia gorgonians collected from the Sea of Okhotsk and shores of the Kurile Islands between 3 Aug. 1984 and 20 Aug. 1987. New species described are the deep-water gorgonians Calcigorgia matua sp. nov. and C. simushiri sp. nov., belonging to the temperate fauna of the North Pacific hemisphere. Specimens belonging to all species of the genus were examined and the distinctive characters for each one are provided and summarized in a table. A modified diagnosis of the genus is proposed. The finding of a previously undescribed species emphasizes the need of further surveys, particularly in shelf and deeper waters, in order to improve our knowledge of this neglected fauna in Far East seas.
This paper provides descriptions of two new species of Calcigorgia gorgonians collected from the Sea of Okhotsk between 1973 and 2008. The new species are Calcigorgia herba sp. nov. and С. lukini sp. nov., belonging to the deep-water coral fauna of the temperate Northern Pacific. The taxonomy structure of the genus is reviewed and a comparative table is provided for all known species of Calcigorgia. The following taxonomic changes are made: the diagnosis of the genus was corrected from that given in Matsumoto et al. (2019); synonymization of C. simushiri Dautova, 2018 with C. spiculifera Broch, 1935 and inclusion of additional specimens in C. japonica Dautova, 2007 (both performed by Matsumoto et al. 2019) are assumed erroneous. The finding of previously undescribed species emphasizes the need for further surveys, particularly in deeper waters, to improve knowledge of the Octocorallia fauna in Far East seas. The distribution of Calcigorgia (Octocorallia, Acanthogorgiidae) is reviewed and presented based on field and collection studies published since 1935 as well as miscellaneous data from previous literature.
DragonflyIndia Meet 2016
(2017)
Survey in three protected areas of Chhattisgarh reveals the presence of 50 species of Odonata belonging to 34 genera and 9 families. Specimens were sampled from different lotic and lentic ecosystems. 17 species were exclusively found in or around running water. Larvae or exuviae of 23 species were found and photographed. Habitat availability, larval abundance, species composition and phenology are discussed.
Mangroves of the Indo-West Pacific have remained poorly explored, so even the diversity of the onchidiid slugs, which are some of the most abundant animals in mangroves of the Indo-West Pacific, is not well known. Thanks to several years spent exploring mangroves in the Indo-West Pacific (more than 260 stations), especially in South-East Asia, the diversity of mangrove gastropods can now be addressed through revisions following an integrative taxonomy approach (nomenclature, field observations, comparative anatomy and DNA sequences). A new genus of onchidiid slugs is described, Paromoionchis Dayrat & Goulding gen. nov., which includes five species, three of which are new: Paromoionchis boholensis Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov., P. daemelii (Semper, 1880) com. nov., P. goslineri Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov., P. penangensis Dayrat & Goulding gen. et sp. nov. and P. tumidus (Semper, 1880) comb. nov. Paromoionchis gen. nov. is distributed from western India to the subtropical waters of Japan (33° N) and southeastern Australia (33° S). The creation of new taxon names is supported by rigorous nomenclature: the types of all existing species names in the family were examined, the original descriptions carefully studied and nomenclatural issues addressed. The diversity and biogeography of this new genus is discussed in a broader context.
Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the anteroventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weaklyornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented. We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself. We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modifi ed state of adult Bennelongia. We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.
The primary aim in establishing Dolma Ling Institute is to raise the education standard and improve the opportunity for nuns to study advanced Buddhist philosophy and doctrine. During the Tibetan Women's Association fourth working committee meeting in Dharamsala in October, 1992, His Holiness the Dalai Lama said, " In our society , we have as a legacy from the past the notion that nuns engage in ritual only and do not study Buddhist texts. This should be changed." His Holiness has in this way been urging the nuns to study higher Buddhist philosophy, in order to gain a deeper knowledge of Buddhism. Whenever His Holiness visits the Tibetan nunneries, he takes the opportunity to ecourage them to study. Dolma Ling Institute is specifically non sectarian and intented to provide nuns from all lineages with the opportunity to study to develop their full academic and spiritual potential. The crucial purpose of the overall project is to allow scholastically gifted nuns to attain the highest level of religious studies, that is the Geshe degree. This much respected degree has up until now only been attained by monks. Enabling women to participate in the study course leading to this goal will give them the confidence to take on roles as teachers and leaders within the communities. ...
The southeastern Australian millipede genus Pogonosternum Jeekel, 1965 is revised. Pogonosternum nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902), P. adrianae Jeekel, 1982 and P. laetificum Jeekel, 1982 are redescribed; P. jeekeli Decker, sp. nov. and P. montanum Decker, sp. nov. are described from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. P. nigrovirgatum infuscum Jeekel, 1982 and P. coniferum Jeekel, 1965 are junior synonyms of P. nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902). An updated key to all five species of the genus is presented.
Die Berücksichtigung in Literaturgeschichten gilt als notwendige Bedingung, dass Au-tor*inn*en postum Aufmerksamkeit zuteilwerden kann. Gesellschaftliche Prozesse der Kanonisierung werden von Literaturgeschichten nicht nur beobachtet und dargestellt, vielmehr wirken diese selbst als einflussreiche Kanoninstanz. Bislang wurden Aussagen über "Kanon und Kanonisierung als Problem der Literaturgeschichtsschreibung" meist nur durch Hypothesenbildung oder anhand von Fallbeispielen gemacht. Eine breite empirische Untersuchung literaturgeschichtlicher Kanonisierungsprozesse steht aus.
Icacinaceae Miers are a well-described family. However, the family lacks a comprehensive guide to endocarp morphology, which would be an important tool for interpreting the family's extensive fossil record of endocarp remains. In this survey, we describe fruits and endocarps of 88 species of Icacinaceae s. str., four of Icacinaceae s. lat. (now Metteniusaceae) and one of Oncothecaceae. We investigated the value of the endocarp in species recognition. In addition, we generated an Xper3 database with an associated e-key to increase the availability of raw data and the understanding of the characters used. This study documents great diversity in epicarp hairs, mesocarp thickness, endocarp ornamentation, tubercle shape (if present), endocarp structure and thickness, and the locule lining. Some morphological features appear diagnostic for individual genera. In particular, the genus Iodes Blume, which is very common in the fossil record, is the only clade with the three following characters: papillae on the inner locule lining, ridged ornamentation on the endocarp surface, and a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Finally, we discuss issues related to the preservation of fruit material in herbarium collections.
A new benthic freshwater diatom, Fragilaria rinoi Almeida & C.Delgado sp. nov., is described from river periphyton samples in Portugal. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is illustrated and discussed based on populations collected from the Vouga, Mondego and Lis river basins in central Portugal and compared with the type material of Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kütz.) J.B.Petersen. The morphological features of the new diatom species are documented through light and scanning electron micrographs, including a comparative analysis with related species of the genus (F. candidagilae Almeida, C.Delgado, Novais & S.Blanco, F. intermedia Grunow in Van Heurck, F. neointermedia Tuji & D.M.Williams, F. recapitellata Lange-Bert. & Metzeltin, F. perminuta (Grunow) Lange-Bert., F. vaucheriae and F. microvaucheriae C.E.Wetzel & Ector). Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is characterized by solitary cells without spines, lanceolate valves with slightly rostrate apices, a narrow, linear axial area, and a large, unilateral central area. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. may be confused with F. microvaucheriae in terms of length, striae density and outline, although a morphometric analysis revealed that F. rinoi sp. nov. is significantly wider. Fragilaria rinoi sp. nov. is present in rivers with high dissolved oxygen concentrations, medium to high conductivity, neutral to slightly alkaline pH and high mean values of nitrates and ammonium.
Phylogenetic analyses of the highly diverse (non-marine aquatic) gastropod family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 have revealed seven main lineages, most of which represent subfamilies. The subfamily Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977, and specifically the genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 (mainly inhabiting western and central Mediterranean regions), contributes substantially to this hydrobiid richness. Most of its congeners have been described in terms of their shell and penis features, which are of limited diagnostic value. Hence, the taxonomic status of some Pseudamnicola species needs to be revised, particularly of those inhabiting marginal regions, such as the Ponto-Caspian domain, largely occupied by the subfamily Pyrgulinae Brusina, 1882. Here we present a molecular phylogeny including species of both subfamilies along with extended morphological descriptions to confirm assignments of the Iranian species Pseudamnicola zagrosensis Glöer & Pešić, 2009; Sarkia kermanshahensis Glöer & Pešić, 2009 (originally within Pseudamnicola) and P. saboori Glöer & Pešić, 2009. Our COI-based tree rejects these assignments suggesting a new potential lineage, sister to the pyrgulinid species, and comprising three genera: Shadinia Akramowski, 1976, Intermaria gen. nov. and Persipyrgula gen. nov. These genera differ molecularly by 3.6%–8.5%, and are diagnosable by penis, female genitalia and radula features. Our findings evidence the high morphological variability of pyrgulinid species and provide insight into the origins and evolution of the freshwater Ponto-Caspian fauna.
Systematic revision of the genus Orodaliscoides Schmidt, 1913 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)
(2012)
The species belonging to the genus Orodaliscoides Schmidt (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) are redescribed and figured. The following new combinations are proposed: Orodaliscoides fimbripes (Brown, 1928) and Orodaliscoides giulianii (Gordon, 1977).
The new species Cephalocyclus majomaensis and Oscarinus cabreroi from Mexico are described and figured. While studying specimens from Mexico to complete a systematic revision of the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of that region, we found a couple of species new to science. They belong to the genera Cephalocyclus Dellacasa, Gordon and Dellacasa, 1998 and Oscarinus Gordon and Skelley, 2007, and are described here.