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The topic of this paper concerns the interrelations between poets and their works across linguistic and political borders. Taking as examples Brecht's poem 'An die Nachgeborenen' (1938) and the song 'Aos nossos filhos' ('An unsere Kinder' – late 70s) by Ivan Lins and Vitor Martins, it is shown that the interpretation cannot be limited to an immanent perspective. In order to be able to give an adequate analysis, it is necessary to lake the historical and socio-political context into consideration.
This paper portrays the composer Hanns Eisler, whose music accompanies numerous plays by Bertolt Brecht, in the light of statements made by Eisler himself, as well as by Arnold Schoenberg and Bertolt Brecht. Eisler, who introduced a new political awareness into music – Brecht used the term Misuk instead of Musik –, would have completed 100 years in 1998.
Brecht ainda hoje?
(2000)
This paper tries to find arguments for Bertolt Brecht's relevance to the present. It points out parallels between Brecht's epic theater and music, especially opera. A central point is the aesthetics of form, which was so important for Brecht and which is decisive for his modernity.
O teatro épico de Brecht
(2000)
This article is a reduced version of the chapter "Sinta o drama" from the book with the Same title. It traces Brecht's reasons for qualifying his theater as epic, based on important literary critics such as Peter Szondi, Adorno. Lukács and Anatol Rosenfeld, including Brecht himself.
This article discusses some aspects of Brecht's work and its relationship with the Brazilian literary, historical and socio-political life. The focus is on the inconsistency of the struggle for the so-called Bildung, where the advances of new ideas and social forms are in conflict with a reactionary context.
Rezension zu Brigitte Handwerker (Hg.), Fremde Sprache Deutsch. Grammatische Beschreibung – Erwerbsverläufe – Lehrmethodik. Tübingen: Gunther Narr Verlag, 1995 (Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik 409, 292 S., 96,00 DM, ISBN 3-8233-5074-9)
Rezension zu Angelika Linke, Markus Nussbaumer, & Paul R. Portmann, Studienbuch Linguistik. Ergänzt um ein Kapitel von Urs Willi 'Phonetik und Phonologie'. 3., unveränderte Auflage. Tübingen, Niemeyer 1996 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 121 (Kollegbuch), 472 S. 39,80 DM, ISBN 3-484-31121-5)
This paper contextualizes the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language in Brazil in the socio-historical field of colonial and post-colonial discourse. On the basis of three illustrative texts, from 1620, 1855 and 1998, it discusses the Interlocutionary Positions (Lugares de Interlocução; ORLANDI 1990) assumed by German and Brazilian speakers, as well as the possible consequences for the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language.
The present paper deals with grammaticalization as a comprehensive model of erosive processes in the history of natural languages, exemplified in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Grammaticalization is conceived of as the reduction of pragmatic versatility, semantic concreteness, syntactic liberty and phonetic substance of linguistic elements. It is subdivided into the processes of lexicalization, which transforms polylexematic into monolexematic elements, and deslexicalization, which reduces lexematic to sublexematic elements. In the middle of these processes stands the lexicon, which is seen as the central stock of linguistic elements. Within the lexicon, the process of grammaticalization continues, from lexical word classes through intermediate classes to grammatical word classes. The lower boundary of the lexicon is critical threshold, down to which the process of grammaticalization is compensated for by linguistic recycling that leads lexematic elements back into the linguistic circuit, through the formation of new polylexematic units. Beyond this threshold, however, no recycling is possible any more, so that elements which have once lost their lexical character are condemned to disappear in the long run. The different stages of grammaticalization are introduced and illustrated by means of concrete examples, first from Brazilian Portuguese and afterwards from German.
Aktionsart
(1999)
This paper presents a discussion on aspect and 'Aktionsart' as categories of verbal forms in German and Portuguese. The distinction between the two categories is based on the assumption that 'Aktionsart' is more important in the German verb system, whereas aspect plays a more significant role in Portuguese. Aspect as a morpho-semantic category may be further specified by 'Akrionsart', which is a lexical semantic category and belongs to the meaning of the verb.
The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well as 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' and 'beide'. In terms of morphology, it describes the formation of gender, number and case forms. In the field of syntax, it focuses on the position of totalizers in the nominal phrase, their relations to determiners and quantifiers, and the functional distribution of declension types. In terms of semantics and pragmatics, it investigates the codification of referential and quantificational information, definiteness and cumulative v distributive totalization. The epistemological interest is defined by the objectives of linguistic comparison between German and Brazilian Portuguese, including the analysis of typical errors committed by language learners in both directions.
This paper presents some of the major aspects of the history of German exile after 1933 and the history of the exile of German-speaking writers and intellectuals in Brazil. The second part of the title is focused on the works of exile written by Ulrich Becher and Hugo Simon in Brazil.
This article shows how the genre Bildungsroman (self-development novel) has been assimilated to the Brazilian literary tradition. Through the examples of Cristina Ferreira Pinto's "O 'Bildungsroman' feminino" ("The female novel of development") and Eduardo de Assis Duarte's "Jorge Amado e o 'Bildungsroman' proletário" ("Jorge Amado and the proletarian novel of development"), this article focuses the dynamic process by means of which a typical European genre has been assimilated by a young South-American literary tradition.
In this Paper, the idea of "ethnopoetics" is seen not exclusively as the characteristic trait of Hubert Fichte's (1935-1986) work, but as one among several forms of New Ethnology, which appeared in the context of the crisis of traditional ethnology in the 20th century. The first part intends to conceptually clarify several issues introduced by Fichte, such as the transformation of the world into words, the connection between fieldwork and interpretation, the "participant observation", and the encounter between hegemonic and peripheral cultures, comparing them with the ethnographical essays of Lévi-Strauss, Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard and Ruth Benedict. The second part is devoted to Fichte's posthumous book "Explosion", published in 1993 – where he relates his experience of three journeys in Brazil, between 1969 and 1982, a text which may be considered as his working journal and guide to all his publications on Brazil. I discuss how far the author realized his proposals to write a "novel of ethnology" and to create a "new ethnology".
This paper discusses the question of how Translation Theory and German Philology can be helpful to each other. It starts with some general observations on the history of the German Language with special emphasis on Middle High German. In the second part, a Middle High German Poem is translated into Portuguese.
This paper deals with the linguistic situation of the European Union, especially considering the role played by the German language. Beginning with some general remarks on the historical mechanisms that may influence the relative importance of a given language on a global scale, the history of the German language is discussed with the aim of explaining its present situation as the language with the greatest number of native speakers in Europe. which, at the same time, plays a relatively unimportant role in international communication.
This article deals with the notion of reality. During the last twenty years, public discourse in Western societies has identified the opposition between the real and the virtual as one of the cultural key questions. Taking concrete examples as a point of departure, the paper investigates the semantics of the polysemic tems virtual and real. A semiotic model of the relation between (human) organisms, concepts and signs is used in order to demonstrate that the virtual cannot be adequately described as something opposed to reality, but must be seen as an indispensable part of it. The way in which organisms constitute reality is discussed in the light of the basic cognitive operations of categorization and the formation of conceptual relations, and also of their linguistic counterparts. The apparent conflict between the real and the virtual, which has led many critics to develop apocalyptic visions of the end of civilization, is, in fact, a phantom, product of an outdated theory of semantics.
This paper examines four German transportation verbs with the prefix weg-, concentrating on their syntax and their semantic and pragmatic interpretations. The empirical data investigated are from across-linguistic Corpus of German and Brazilian Portuguese as foreign languages. The analysis is based on the concept of focus, which is defined as a point on the path along which the patient of the process moves. The focus must be either mentioned or contextually evident. Each transportation verb will be able to establish a typical focus. German prefix-verbs with weg- are characterized by a focus-conflict that can be resolved through different interpretation strategies.
Aspectos dos tempos verbais
(1998)
In this paper I present two tenses of the German verbal system, the so called Doppelperfekt and Doppelplusquamperfekt. Although these tenses have only been marginally dealt with in the grammars, more studies have recently been made on them within the field of Linguistics. In order to describe these tenses, I will concentrate on the following authors: Hauser-Suida & Hoppe-Beugel (1972), Eroms (1984), Thieroff (1992) und Vater (1994). The tenses will be analysed formally and their meaning and usage illustrated with examples taken from the articles above.
This paper aims to present a type of verb which serves to connect two or more propositions to each other in a way similar to that carried out by connectors such as conjunctions and prepositions. It is the objective of this paper to classify the types of semantic connections they establish, such as cause and effect, equivalence, and temporality. Verbs with this type of connectivity are called "connection verbs". They are investigated both in German and Portuguese, organized according to the semantic relations they indicate, and described by means of syntactic and semantic criteria.
This paper analyses the idea of the avant-garde in Benjamin and its reception in German literary criticism after World War II. It examines the works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger, who focus on the concept of avantgarde. This perspective allows us to broaden our reflection on German literary history since the end of World War II, and this contributes to the discussion on Postmodernism. The elaboration of the concept of allegory gives this discussion a clearer direction. Benjamin's key-notion of profane illumination was not received in a theoretical-philological way – but it materialized as experience in the students' revolt at the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s.
In September of 1997, a group of German and Brazilian literary critics met at the University of São Paulo, in order to comment on the aesthetics of two great soccer schools. As our "basic text" we chose the match Germany vs Brazil (final score: 3 : 3; half-time score: 0 : 3), which took place in Washington, in June 1993, between the two tripte World Champions. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (Stanford University) proposed a philosophical reflection on football/Fußball, combined with a comparative analysis of soccer and American football. In both modalities he identified the magic phenomenon of "production of presence", which expresses itself through three functions: the ontological function (action vs nothing), the "epiphany of form" (the touch of genius) and the oscillation between finality and telos (linked to the mise-en-scène of intention and contingency). These three functions manifest themselves in both American football and soccer, but in different forms. Flávio Aguiar (University of Säo Paulo) pointed out the phenomenon of empty spaces and the occupation of space. Antonio Medina (University of São Paulo) contrasted the somewhat ontologic character of American football with the mimetic character of soccer, especially as played in Brazil, where the paradigm of masters and slaves is still present. José Miguel Wisnik (University of São Paulo) elaborated on the dialectics of production of presence (resistance against interpretation, "no-hermeneutics") and production of sense. In his reply, Gumbrecht explained that the concepts of empty and occupied space imply religious allusions (transcendental emptiness). Willi Bolle (University of São Paulo) raised the question of the extent to which the issue of aesthetics, seen from the perspective of American football and soccer, must be totally reconsidered.
This paper is meant to be an introduction to the works of Hubert Fichte. It presents some passages from his texts that help to understand his ethnopoetics.
This text aims to describe and to discuss the two different images of Brazil present in the travel notes and in the poetry of the German writer Marie Luise Kaschnitz.
This article deals with the annotations made by Victor Klemperer, in the diary of his 1925 journey to Rio de Janeiro. His descriptions are shown to be pervaded by his constant attempt to analyse, to interpret objectively and to compare his observations with what he already knew, and not merely a protocol of his emotions and the impressions brought about by the newness and the exotism of his experiences during the journey.
Heinrich Heine and Castro Alves wrote poems with the same title: "Das Sklavenschiff" and "O Navio Negreiro". However, this does not mean that Castro Alves plagiarized Heinrich Heine, the author of the first source. Although both of the poems deal with the same theme, an analysis will show and prove the evident divergency in the convergency.
O olhar estrangeiro
(1998)
This text tries to illustrate what we understand by strangeness, alterity and exotopy. From the point of view of a stranger, we, as Brazilians, see and read products of foreign cultures in an exotopic way, which is quite productive. The same occurs with Germans looking at US, which gives us another view of ourselves. As an illustration, the poem "calypso" from Ernst Jandl will be discussed in this context.
This paper focusses On the discussion of the preservation of expressive aspects in translation., Considerations are grounded on the HJELMSLEVian concepts of the isomorphy between the planes of content and expression, which are both constituted by-substance and form. The present study intends to show that the connotative equivalence of a text can only be achieved in the target language when attention is paid to both the formal-stylistic and the textual-normative dimensions. This involves the appropriation of the stylistic values of the linguistic expression in the source language and, mainly, the understanding of the tropes and the relationships between them. Thus, the present study draws on discourse analysis, comprehending "enunciation" theories and the rhetorical and pragmatic considerations on the level of expression. Considering that the literary text is privileged in providing stylistically marked choices, it is important to highlight the phonetic and semantic correspondences, that is, the close relationship between sound and meaning, which harbours one of the major difficulties in translation. The theory is applied to "Os Sertões" (English translation: "Rebellion on the Backlands") by Euclides da Cunha.
A tradução de Samuel Putnam de "Os Sertões" : "Rebellion in the Backlands" de Euclides da Cunha
(1997)
The present paper looks at certain aspects of Samuel Putnam's translation of Euclides da Cunha's "Os Sertões", "Rebellion in the Backlands". Of great importance is the fact that "Os Sertões", usually seen as a work of literature in Brazil, is seen more as a factual narrative in English, and placed by its publisher, the University of Chicago Press, in the Literature/History section. Putnam also adds a large number of footnotes to those of Euclides de Cunha. Also of interest is the fact that Putnam, translating just when the US was entering the Second World War, goes to great lengths in his preface to emphasize how close "Os Sertões" is to the American experience of division in both the Civil War and the entrance of the US into the Second World War.
German particles usually bring great difficulties to German students. One of these particles, doch, is very often used, especially in conversation. In this paper its various uses are discussed, as well as eases where it can be replaced by other particles, adverbs or conjunctions, without changing the illocution (that is, the intention of the speaker). This study is based on the work of HELBIG, who differentiates eight varieties of doch. Each of them is discussed here according to syntactic, semantic and pragmatic criteria and made explicit through examples.
An important role in the coherence of texts is played by the distribution of information in the sentence. The present paper especially examines the beginning of sentences (topics). Which syntactic elements are most adequate to initiate a sentence, and which of their characteristics can be considered responsible for this? After a short review of the pertinent literature, we shall present grammatical, semantic and pragmatic factors that organize topicalization. The point of departure are the patterns of basic serialization as defined by the grammar. Deviations of these patterns can particularly be a result of the principle of known information. In addition to this constitutive principle, we can distinguish five regulative principles that lead to non-marked topicalizations (situation, empathy, iconicity, lengthening terms, text connection). In the closing sections, the positioning of phrasal accents and some special types of topics will be discussed. All the examples given are from modem German.
This paper aims to investigate the dynamics of text-image interplay as exemplified by various text types applied to second language teaching and translation didactics. Based on examples of texts from the fields of Science, Technology, Literature and Language Teaching, the authors attempt to assess both successful and unsuccessful instances of the application of iconical resources in text production. Some didactic consequences are discussed.
In this article, we try to identify characteristics of German Expressionism in contemporary literature and its possible variations. The focus will be on the generation conflict and the text "Suchbild über meinen Vater" by Christoph Meckel (1980).
The title "Paul Celan: Expression of the unspeakable" explains Celan's technique of showing the crude reality of the Third Reich with simple linguistic means, using traditional topoi of the lyric. Celan also questions the German language after Auschwitz in his poem Todesfuge.
In expressionist poetry we can detect a first major rupture in the relations between man and nature. In expressionist poems such as "Weltende" ("The end of the world") by Jakob van Hoddis, we can read and see the fear and distrust of man in face cf the progress that the industrial revolution has brought. The theme of the destruction of nature in our days caused by modern/post-modern technology may be also read and seen in German literature of the eighties, as for example in the poems of Sarah Kirsch, in which she shows concrete landscapes,
poisoned rivers, forests and air.
This paper examines avant-garde literature in the GDR, especially works written by Irmtraud Morgner and Heiner Müller.
The analysis of the Drama "Die Verfolgung und Ermordung Jean Paul Marats dargestellt durch die Schauspielgruppe des Hospizes zu Charenton unter der Anleitung des Herrn de Sade" (1964) by Peter Weiss shows how the author used surrealistic elements such as the theme of madness and the illogical structure of a play within a play. With this play, Weiss was enormously popular throughout the world, and his success as a modern German dramatist is second only to Brecht.
Alfred Döblin is a theorist of German Expressionismus and of the epic novel. In "Berlin Alexanderplatz", he shows the theories of his essay "Der Bau des epischen Werks" ("The construction of the epic werk") in practice. The present paper analyses the following aspects of the novel: 1) the development of the plot, 2) the structure, 3) the language, 4) the function of time, 5) the space of the city, 6) the narrator, 7) the characters.
Franz Kafka: raízes
(1997)
This text attempts to follow the roots of Franz Kalka's works, looking for them in different concentric and excentric circles. A first and narrow circle is made up of Kafka's family, with the domineering figure of the authoritarian father. A second and wider circle is that of the Jews in Prague, condemned to a position of outsiders. This condition is also that of the third and still wider circle, that of the German speaking population of Prague at the beginning of the century. The roots that emerge from these circles are conditioning factors for Kafka's own position as an outsider, but at the same time they enable him to take on the role of the poet as prophet.
Teatro expressionista
(1997)
This paper discusses expressionist theatre, its thematic and dramatic aspects, and its most important authors.
Durch ein close reading zweier der bekanntesten Gedichte aus der Sammlung "Morgue" (1912) von Gottfried Benn – "Kleine Aster” and "Schöne Jugend" – wird der deutsche Expressionismus definiert und in seinen Merkmalen erklärt.
As transformações desencadeadas na Alemanha pela Queda do Muro de Berlim, bem como pela consequente união dos dois Estados alemães, a 3 de outubro do ano seguinte, tiveram ressonância excecional por todo o mundo. Acontecimentos contíguos, ambos redundaram inevitavelmente numa reestruturação da arquitetura política e ideológica de toda a Europa. A Reunificação Alemã foi, na verdade, recebida pelos restantes países europeus como case-study para a projetada Unificação Europeia. Nascia, assim, um intenso debate entre europeístas, por um lado, os quais olhavam a Reunificação Alemã como um passo determinante no caminho da construção de uma Europa democrática, e eurocéticos, por outro lado, os quais, não acreditando numa integração europeia, temiam o ressurgimento do “gigante” alemão. Portugal estava particularmente interessado nesta discussão, devido à sua posição periférica no contexto europeu. Torna-se assim interessante verificar de que forma estes acontecimentos foram acompanhados na imprensa periódica portuguesa de referência. Com este objetivo, foi analisada mais de uma centena de notícias, artigos de opinião, reportagens, entrevistas e editoriais, publicados de julho a dezembro de 1990 nos semanários Expresso e O Independente, e ainda no diário Público.
Nas eleições legislativas de 3 de Outubro de 1999, a Österreichische Volkspartei liderada por Wolfgang Schüssel forma governo com a terceira força partidária do país, a Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, dirigida pelo controverso governador da Caríntia Jörg Haider que, com os seus discursos de cariz claramente xenófobo, lançou o olhar da Europa sobre a Áustria pelas piores razões. No rescaldo desta coligação, mediante um cenário que, em larga escala, parecia representar um retrocesso no passado, o escritor e ativista político austríaco de origem judaica Doron Rabinovici publica um texto no jornal israelita HaGalil, ao qual dá o curioso título “Doron R. und D. Rabinovici. Der nationale Doppler”. Trata-se, na verdade, de uma espécie de diálogo assumidamente esquizofrénico no qual Doron R., o israelita, interpela D. Rabinovici, o austríaco, e o desafia a repensarem a sua relação [...]. Em 2010, uma década após ter publicado este texto, Rabinovici regressa ao registo literário com Andernorts, romance onde parece retomar esse diálogo. Se, no final da década de noventa, D. Rabinovici, o austríaco, reconhece que se sente simultaneamente parte integrante da cidade de Viena, porém também um estranho, porque, no fundo, o seu país é responsável pela morte de milhões de membros do seu povo, o protagonista do romance aqui em apreço, Ethan Rosen, também ele um israelita que vive em Viena, tece considerações semelhantes, mas desta feita relativamente a Israel: “Er wusste sich zu Hause, fühlte sich so heimisch und fremd zugleich, da ihn die Sehnsucht erfaßte sofort wiederfortzufliegen”. (Rabinovici 2010, 80)
Nach den Kolloquien, die 2009 und 2010 in Braga/Portugal stattfanden, organisierte der Portugiesische Germanistikverband (APEG - Associação Portuguesa de Estudos Germanísticos) am 28. und 29. Oktober 2011 sein III. Forum, welches jungen GermanistInnen gewidmet war. Die Tagung fand in diesem Jahr an der Universität Coimbra statt und versammelte über 20 junge GermanistInnen, die ihre Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema „Em Trânsito – Übergänge. Grenzen überschreiten in der Germanistik“ vortrugen. Diese Sondernummer der REAL stellt einige der Beiträge dieses Kolloquiums der breiteren Gemeinschaft der GermanistInnen vor. Damit wollen sowohl die APEG als auch die REAL ihren Beitrag zur Förderung des internationalen Nachwuchses in der Germanistik leisten.
Die jungen GermanistInnen wurden dazu eingeladen, über Kultur als einen dynamischen Prozess und als Zusammentreffen verschiedenartiger komplexer Beziehungen von und in unterschiedlichen (Grenz)gebieten, die sich ständig neu definieren, zu äußern. Das Kolloquium gab die Möglichkeit zu einer breiten Diskussion über die Wahrnehmung von Grenzen und deren unterschiedliche Herausbildung, über Verschränkungen, Verhandlungen und Übersetzung, über Identitäten, Beziehungen und Konzepte, die sich entlang, gegen und mit diesen Grenzen herausbilden und artikulieren.
Die verschiedenen Sektionen und Beiträge dieser Sondernummer dokumentieren, dass die hybriden Gebiete und fließenden Schnittstellen, die sich beim Zusammentreffen von Grenzen ergeben, zumeist die größten Herausforderungen, aber auch die produktivsten Schauplätze für konzeptionelle Entwicklungen und praktische Analysen darstellen. Sie zwingen uns, sowohl Konzepte und Fachgebiete, als auch den eigenen Standort in der Wissenschaft zu hinterfragen, da sie den epistemologischen Prozess durch Instabilität, Bewegung und Verschiebungen beeinflussen.
O artigo investiga a formação, a carreira e os trabalhos de Max Weber como jurista, assim como delineia as linhas gerais do impacto e das influências de sua formação jurídica na sua obra em geral. Especial atenção merece sua tese de doutorado sobre as sociedades comerciais na Idade Média, que é apresentada em sua problematização geral e em suas principais ideias. Com isso, procura-se indicar como os problemas tratados por Weber em sua tese de doutorado - sua principal obra jurídica - antecipam temas e problemas que serão desenvolvidos na obra posterior de modo ampliado e aprofundado.
A intenção do presente trabalho é apresentar uma discussão sobre as análises de como a modificação de futuros potenciais de conhecimento influenciaram, por um lado, os novos conceitos de currículo e didática e, por outro lado, as reformas pedagógicas efetuadas no sistema educacional na Alemanha, a partir de um projeto desenvolvido pelo autor - pesquisador do Instituto Federal de Formação Profissional/BIBB/Berlin. Ao longo do texto procurar-se-á indicar que, como conseqüência das inovações pedagógicas ligadas ao conceito de qualificação-chave, ou seja competência profissional para a ação, ocorreu decisivamente uma nova orientação na construção de currículos e na teoria didática do referido país.
Trabalho e consciência : mudanças na sociedade do trabalho e a reconstrução da teoria de classe
(2002)
Este artigo busca discutir as possibilidades e limitações de se utilizar para a análise das sociedades industriais modernas o conceito de classe advindo das determinações econômicas do marxismo. Com a aumento da complexidade destas sociedades e de suas formas de produzir, com a predominância de novos setores como o de serviços no processo de reprodução do capital, como dar conta e criar um conceito que integre todos os excluídos e incluídos no sistema capitalista de trabalho e que dê conta das novas possibilidades de constituição de uma consciência política comum. Tendo por referência a discussão alemã contemporânea sobre a questão, busca–se entender que as tendências da reorganização sistêmica da produção em empresas modernas, provocam, na sua forma inovadora, uma mudança no status do trabalhador na fábrica e na sua consciência tradicional.
"Entre direitos iguais, a força decide", proferiu karl marx ao descrever a antinomia do direito em situações antagônicas das relações de produção capitalistas, em que "o direito [oferece resistência] ao direito" nesse ponto, marx aborda uma questão que se situa no centro de todas as teorias jurídicas críticas: que tipo de violência é velada por meio do mecanismo de ocultação denominado "direito"? Para responder a esta questão, tentar-se-á, a seguir, tornar a teoria da hegemonia de antonio gramsci e seu modelo de direito hegemônico produtivos para o campo da teoria do direito. Tal tarefa tem de lidar com a dupla dificuldade de que, por um lado, gramsci não foi um teórico do direito no sentido mais estrito, razão pela qual o potencial de sua teoria para uma análise do direito raramente foi utilizada. Por outro lado, sua abordagem só pode ser empregada por meio de uma crítica às restrições relacionadas a seu tempo. isso se aplica especialmente à sua concepção de economia como a base e a núcleo essencialista oculto (laclau; mouffe, 2001:69), assim como à sua ideia de 'classismo' sob a forma de um enfoque unilateral das classes, em que há preferencialmente mais de um "pluralismo de poder" e inúmeras lutas (litowitz, 2000: 536). Recuperar-se-á, consequentemente, argumentos-chave, ampliando-os pela utilização das recentes descobertas feitas pelas abordagens feminista e neomaterialista da teoria jurídica, bem como as análises de foucault acerca das tecnologias de poder. por fim, uma interpretação da teoria sistêmica das autonomizações comunicativas.
O 11 de setembro acelerou o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura transnacional de segurança que intervém profundamente nas liberdades civis individuais, tanto nos direitos básicos dos cidadãos dos Estados como nos direitos humanos dos cidadãos mundiais. O artigo delineia essa arquitetura, mostra como ela dissolve as categorias jurídicas tradicionais que preservam a liberdade e discute por que hoje se aceita amplamente a prioridade da segurança sobre a liberdade.
Os limites da tolerância
(2009)
Este artigo apresenta os elementos constitutivos do conceito de tolerância e discute duas concepções diferentes do termo, como permissão e como respeito moral, que expressam modos diversos de demarcar os limites da tolerância. A tolerância é apresentada como um conceito que, para ganhar algum conteúdo, depende normativamente de um direito à justificação baseado na idéia de um uso público da razão segundo o qual as práticas e as instituições político-jurídicas que determinam a vida social dos cidadãos devem ser justificáveis à luz de normas que eles não podem recíproca e genericamente rejeitar.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
No trabalho de Bertolt Brecht relacionado com o cinema pode-se distinguir quatro fases: 1. Início dos anos vinte - argumentos, guiões para filmes publicitários e de aventura. Os únicos projectos realizados: Mysterien eines Frisiersalons de Erich Engel, 1923 (Brecht colaborou na realização). O seu argumento Robinsonade auf Assuncion escrito em conjunto com Arnolt Bronnen foi alterado para o filme SOS. Die Insel der Tränen (1923). 2. Início dos anos trinta - processo contra a companhia Nero-Film para recuperar os direitos de autor concedidos para a versão fílmica da Ópera dos três vinténs; realizada por Georg Wilhelm Pabst em 1930/31 (argumento: Laszlo Vajda, Leo Lania, Béla Balázs). Primeiro documento cinematográfico de uma peça de Brecht: Mann ist Mann (Bert Brecht, 1931); o filme ideológico (esteticamente infl. por Eisenstein): Kuhle Wampe oder wem gehört die Welt? realizado por Slatan Dudow em 1931 (argumento: Bert Brecht e Ernst Ottwalt). 3. Exílio americano – para ganhar dinheiro Brecht volta a escrever argumentos e guiões para a indústria de Hollywood. Dos ca. de 50 textos produzidos só um foi aproveitado para o filme anti-fascista Hangmen also die (Fritz Lang, 1943), no qual Brecht colaborou no argumento. È considerado uma das produções mais importantes deste género junto com Casablanca (M. Curtiz, 1943). 4. Produção pós-guerra - guiões para Mutter Courage (1952) e Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti (1955); realização das versões fílmicas da comedia Katzgraben (1957) de Erwin Strittmatter e da sua peça Die Mutter (1958), encenadas pelo Berliner Ensemble.
Nota de encerramento
(2011)
Alessandra Belletti Figueira: Narrativas a luz da história: a estetização da adolescência em contexto de guerra ; Ana Paula Cantarelli: O confronto entre cidade interiorana e metrópole na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu ; Antonio Barros de Brito Júnior: Política da interpretação do texto literário: alguma ética é possível? ; Antônio Carlos Silveira Xerxenesky: Inevitabilidade e Apocalipse: o Fracasso do Humanismo em 2666, de Roberto Bolaño ; Carina Marques: Do criador de civilização ao eu-abismo: uma leitura palimpsestuosa do Fausto de Fernando Pessoa ; Cristiano Mello de Oliveira: A linguagem da resistência na obra “Cidade de Deus” de Paulo Lins ; Daisy da Silva César: Relação entre artes, media e formas expressivas: a personagem Fantomas em seus diversos contextos ; Denise Silva: Homogeneização cultural x Soberania nacional: uma discussão sobre a possibilidade do apagamento das culturas locais ; Dogomar González Baldi: Bartolomé de Las Casas, “O paraíso destruído; Gonzalo Guerrero, O Renegado; e “Avatar”, o filme para além de civilização e barbárie: a questão do outro não humano, uma leitura antropo-ética interdisciplinar ; Elisa de Avila Hönnicke: Trauma e tempo nas manifestações do onze de setembro - conflito entre as necessidades de lembrar e esquecer ; Fabrícia Silva Dantas e Luciano Barbosa Justino: Poesia, corpo e cinema em Terra em transe de Glauber Rocha ; Felipe Grüne Ewald: A consciência participante: perspectivismo e tradução cultural ; Fernanda Borges: Los premios: identidade e cultura sob um viés existencialista ; Francesca Batista de Azevedo: Diálogos entre Bernard Lahire e Clarice Lispector: Sociologia psicológica e um cego mascando chicles ; Gabriela Semensato Ferreira: Ser ou não ser: a questão do “eu” na ficção ; Gerson Neumann: Uma literatura sem lugar definido ; Giórgio Zimann Gislon: Aguardar, e, ou, caminhar ; Gisélle Razera: Simão Bacamarte e Policarpo Quaresma: Ciência, Nacionalismo e Hegemonia Europeia ; Ilva Maria Boniatti: O local revisitado em Luís Antônio de Assis Brasil ; José Teixeira Félix: Da oralidade ao escrito ou de como narrativas produzidas por indígenas brasileiros estão saindo das margens para o centro das discussões acadêmicas em cursos de Letras, no Brasil ; Larissa Daiane Pujol Corsino dos Santos: A confiança da imaginação popular nos media: o espaço textual nas telenovelas ; Melissa Rubio dos Santos: A mobilidade memorial ou intersubjetiva em Le goût des jeunes filles de Dany Laferrière ; Michele Savaris e Anelise Ferreira Riva: As versões hispanoamericanas da Bela Adormecida: gênero, memória e intertextualidade ; Rafael Eisinger Guimarães: Entre el campo y la estancia: lar, família e identidade gauchesca nas obras de José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges e Silvina Ocampo ; Simone Xavier Moreira: Biografia, autobiografia e reminiscências: as construções discursivas de Caio Fernando Abreu ; Vinícius Gonçalves Carneiro: Cartas de Caio Fernando Abreu e Paulo Leminski: a história de um esquecimento e o fetiche da marginalização ; Vivian Nickel: Descolonizando traumas, narrando memórias: os estudos pós-coloniais do trauma e a literatura
A história da imagem perdida
(2011)
Estes anais reúnem os trabalhos que, após apresentação no Seminário Nacional Vanguardas, Surrealismo e Modernidade: Europa e Américas, foram entregues, no prazo estabelecido, por seus autores à Comissão Organizadora do Congresso; foram todos submetidos a processo de avaliação por pareceristas, desenvolvido pela Comissão Científica de Publicação dos Anais, com a colaboração de pareceristas ad hoc externos à Comissão e à UFRGS, sob a coordenação de Robert Ponge, Ruben Daniel Méndez Castiglioni, Janaína de Azevedo Baladão e Nara H. N. Machado. – Os coordenadores do evento agradecem: aos professores Michael Korfmann e Gerson R. Neumann, editores da Contingentia, por acolher a publicação dos anais nas páginas de sua revista; à acadêmica Gabriela W. Linck, monitora da revista, pelas tarefas decorrentes da inserção dos anais na Contingentia.
The reception of Franz Kafka’s work is normally seen from the perspective of human condition, the labyrinth, the bureaucracy that imposes itself over the individual and so on. There is no doubt about the importance of this perspective for the study of Kafka’s work. Nevertheless, the objective of the present paper is to point out another aspect in Kafka’s work, which is the relation to the visual medium Kaiserpanorama in his fictional writings. The starting points of this discussion are the books “Kafka goes to the movies” by Hanns Zischler published in 1996 and “Kafka und der Film: über kinematographisches Erzählen” by Peter-André Alt published in 2009. Thus, based on these publications this study intends to analyse the importance, that this optical medium may have had over Franz Kafka and in which ways it is possible to identify this new perception in his literary work, specially in the tale “An imperial message”. The main topic is constructed around the profundity of the 3D-image as seen through a Kaiserpanorama, and its statical plasticity.
This article discusses the influence of electric illumination on theatre and the so called expressionist film. It starts with a short historical overview and will then argue that the only film with a narrative as well as a visual design in expressionist tradition is From Morn to Midnight, based on a play written in 1912 by Georg Kaiser and released in same year (1920) as its legend counterpart The Cabinet of Caligari. But different then Caligari or many other famous German silent movies from the 1920s it is not located in a romantic shadow world, syntactically created by lightning effects, but renounces the dark and spooky irrational in favor of an urban environment in the early twentieth century: a story of money, erotic seduction, escapist fantasies, eccentric bohemian life, crime and rapid alteration of scenes.
Fatih Akin has been the subject of much research in the academic world, especially regarding his portrayal of young Turkish Germans, Turkey and the borders between Europe and the Middle East. This article presents a critical evaluation of these approaches and then looks into Akin’s relation with music, literature and the New German Cinema from the 1970’s and 80’s.
Análise da macro e da microestrutura de dicionários bilíngues português-alemão / alemão-português
(2010)
This paper aims at analyzing macro- and microstructural features of Portuguese-German/German-Portuguese bilingual dictionaries. For this purpose, we will discuss the basic parameters that should guide the conception of a bilingual dictionary: the target users, the direction, the function, and the linguistic anisomorphism.
This article discusses the communicative and the intercultural approaches to language teaching and learning. Firstly, it describes the core theoretical principles, goals, and the roles of teachers and learners in both approaches, as well as the way they are treated in different German textbooks. Secondly, it discusses a set of core principles and concepts (‘activity’, ‘interaction’, ‘motivation’ and ‘communicative posture’), as well as the didactic-pedagogical implications of implementing a communicative approach to language teaching and learning. Finally, it includes a reflection about the necessity for the language teacher to develop an intercultural background, as well as the eclectic use of different linguistic theories and language teaching approaches to make the acquisition of communicative and intercultural competence viable.
It could be said that learner’s dictionaries are the most reliable expression of lexicography in terms of providing the necessary tools to help the learning process of a foreign language. This paper analyses three English learner’s dictionaries in order to establish its stylistic patterns as well as to compare them with four German learner’s dictionaries. Undoubtly, the lexicography of English learner’s dictionaries is a model. However, we argue that this model can not be transfered to German lexicography since each language has its own particularities which demand specific solutions.
This contribution focuses on the conditions of literary production in Germany during the Nazi regime. The article analyzes the work of writer Ricarda Huch as one of the representatives of the so-called "Inner Emigration", literary trend promoted by writers that were not placed to serve the interests of the State, but instead sought to convey - through their work - humanistic values and critics of the status quo, despite the censorship and often putting their lives at risk. The poetic anthology Herbstfeuer ("Fire of Autumn"), published in 1944, is one of the most significant examples of the literature of resistance under the yoke of Nazism.
This paper aims to contribute to the rich discussion that has been developed in this journal throughout previous editions. Many authors have already written here about their considerations and praxis regarding bilingualism, bilingual contexts and bilingual education from different perspectives. Thus, this paper also brings to discussion aspects of the education in bilingual settings in Brazil, where people speak Portuguese and a variety of German basis called Hunsrückisch as their mother tongue. Moreover, this paper aims to be an account of results from different researches, which deal with the advantages of speaking dialect to learn standard German and the prejudices, learners coming from minority languages confront.
O ensino/aprendizagem da metafonia do português como língua estrangeira por aprendizes alemães
(2009)
The present article deals with a phenomenon of the portuguese language which is well-known and yet rather neglected in brazilian schools as well as in schools abroad: metaphony. Since this regular vowel change is a phenomenon that foms part exclusively of speech and is not represented in writing, it constitutes a problem for foreign learners, in our case speakers of German. We therefore propose a strategy by the help of which the phenomenon of metaphony in Portuguese can be explained, based on analogies with a similar regular sound change in the German language, called Umlaut. Our study is based upon data collected among students at Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Northern Germany.
One of the most striking moments in the life of Brazilian children speaking a minority language happens when they go to elementary school. There, the attitude towards the family language is completely indifferent, if not openly hostile, since the school sees its duty limited to alphabetising the child in the official language, which is Portuguese. This article reflects on practical strategies for teaching school children speaking immigrant languages, focussing on the different meaning of alphabetisation in minority language contexts and on the advantages of early bilingualism, ascertained by research in cognitive science (cf. Bialystok 2005). Immigrant contexts of this nature are being studied in the linguistic atlas project ALMA-H (Atlas Linguístico-Contatual das Minorias Alemãs na Bacia do Prata - Hunsrückisch). Based on data from this project and considering the Brazilian educational context the article proposes strategies that could help to improve the alphabetisation process of those groups by reconciling the dissociation that separates school contexts from family contexts in areas of collective bilingualism in Brazil.
According to the metalexicographical theory, there are three main components in a semasiological dictionary: macro-, micro- and middles structure. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the microstructure of three general semasiological dictionaries of the German language. As methodological framework, it takes in account the distinction between formal and semantic comment and between definition and density of the constant information program.
The story “Os dois vizinhos. Cenas da Colônia” (Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie), written by Wilhelm Rotermund, was published in 1883 and 1884 in two parts in the Kalender für die Deutschen in Brasilien. The text by Rothermund represents many relevant aspects of the immigration of German Lutherans to Brazil. This article will first give an overview on the work of Wilhelm Rotermund and than offer a critical analysis of "Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie". A third point of interest will be the importance of preserving the mother language (German) and the rural-urban relationship.
The objective of this article is to present a brief study on the wrong path of the poetry in the service of the Third Reich, whose roots raise to the tradition of the proto-nationalist and romantic nationalist poetry of the 19th Century. By interpreting the poems “Die Mutter” (“The Mother”) by Josepha Berens-Totenohl, “Deutsche Ostern 1933” (“German Easter of 1933”) by Heinrich Anacker, “Dem Führer” (“To the Führer”) by Will Vesper, and “Wir” (“We”) by Anne Marie Koeppen, we can observe the presence of discursive marks that remit to the Nazi jargon, what make them mere instruments of the totalitarian propaganda.
The paper aims to discuss the relations between culture, power and language in Bachmann’s story "Undine geht". Undine is a water creature that lives among humans for a period of time and this fact allows her to criticize them, their way of life, of love and of relate to others. Undine’s critique is that the discourse or language shows the domination that is present in the human relations, for example, in the submission of the individual to a collectivity, as well as in the relations between men and women. She condemns this society which is regulated by money, social roles, which are false representations and generate a repression for social and individual life. This is why Undine denounces strongly the humans and their society. But she also invites the humans to know themselves and to search for the truth. Only this can liberate them from repression and give them the possibility to live a dignified life.
The lifelong friendship between Anna Seghers and Jorge Amado began in the late 1940s, when both were engaged in the international communist struggle for world peace. After becoming disillusioned with the Stalinist tyranny, Amado left the PC, whereas Seghers officially continued to follow the party line. She concealed her critique of (post-) stalinist theory and practice in some essays on literature history, especially on Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Schiller – essays which she dedicated to Amado, who would understand the problems and contradictions within her political involvement.