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A taxonomic revision of the cichlid genus Astatoreochromis is presented. Eighteen meristic and 23 morphometric measurements were taken on 185 individuals, including type specimens. While fin counts separate populations from the Lake Victoria region (Astatoreochromis alluaudi) from those of the Rusizi and Malagarazi rivers in the Lake Tanganyika basin (A. vanderhorsti and A. straeleni respectively), clear differentiation was not detected between the latter two. Mann-Whitney U-tests on specimens of comparable size from the two Tanganyika populations revealed significant differences in specimens < 75 mm SL, mainly in pharyngeal jaw proportions, but also in some other measurements on the head and body. However, these differences were not detected in specimens > 75 mm SL and Astatoreochromis vanderhorsti is herein considered a junior synonym of A. straeleni. A redescription of the two valid species of Astatoreochromis, A. alluaudi and A.straeleni, is provided.
A preliminary study has been made for Borail Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam, India. A total of 25 species of liverwort (Marchantiophyta) and one species of hornwort (Anthocerotophyta) have been enumerated. Of these, Frullania berthoumieuii is new to India, Caudalejeunea reniloba new to North East India, 13 species new to Assam and 11 species are reported for the first time from Borail WLS. Folioceros paliformis is rediscovered after its type.
Literature about Mesitiinae Kieffer, 1914 has not been treated extensively from a taxonomic viewpoint in comparison with other subfamilies in Bethylidae Latreille, 1802. Our research on species of Metrionotus Móczár, 1970, Clytrovorus Nagy, 1972 and Sulcomesitius Móczár, 1970 revealed a new hypopygium shape pattern, namely a 'star-shaped' hypopygium, which is characteristic of a new genus, Astromesitius gen. nov., with two new species Astromesitius thionyi gen. et sp. nov. and Astromesitius olavoi gen. et sp. nov. The descriptions of both new species are based on male specimens collected in Thailand and the United Arab Emirates. Astromesitius quatei (Móczár, 1977) gen. et comb. nov. is designated as type species for the new genus, which is erected for a total of seven species. The main diagnostic characteristics are the head longer than wide; a clypeus with a median lobe quadrate; an antenna with distinct long setae, with pedicel caliciform, and with flagellomeres long and caliciform; pronotum and anteromesoscutum with longitudinal sulcus indistinct or absent; metapectal-propodeal complex with posterior projection hardly distinct or absent; hypopygium star-shaped; genitalia with aedeagus slender and fusiform.
Two new junior synonyms, Pseudomesitius Duchaussoy, 1916 syn. nov. and Triglenus Marshall, 1905 syn. nov., for the genus Bradepyris Kieffer, 1905 are proposed and a new diagnosis for the genus is given. Two new species (based on males) from the Saharo-Arabian region are here described: Bradepyris jordanicus, sp. nov. and B. baleariensis, sp. nov. A brief revision, with a key to the males and females of all species of this genus, and the first male genitalia descriptions are also provided.
Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is reported from Pennsylvania for the fi rst time, new state record. Specimens were collected using baited Lindgren funnels as early as 2013. Within Pennsylvania, C. mutilatus is now reported from Berks, Bucks, Lehigh, Montgomery, and York Counties.
Cixidia fusca and Synecdoche impunctata (Hemiptera: Achilidae) are reported from Missouri for the first time, new state records. Ecological and trapping information is also provided.
The fouling serpulids (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from United States coastal waters: an overview
(2017)
Serpulids are an important component of fouling communities. This paper provides an overview of the serpulid species found in North America, as part of a broader study of fouling invertebrates focused on NIS (non-indigenous species) in United States coastal ecosystems. Almost 4400 serpulid specimens were examined from selected fouling plates. Fouling plates were deployed in 26 bays and coastal lagoons along the continental coasts of the United States and Hawaiian islands, primarily in bays and lagoons with salinities averaging 20‰ or greater. Twenty-five serpulid species were identified, including four new records for the United States (Ficopomatus uschakovi, Hydroides cf. brachyacantha, H. longispinosa and Protula longiseta), three known NIS, two presumed NIS, three cryptogenic serpulids, and several range extensions. Crucigera websteri extends its northward range from Santa Barbara Island to Humboldt Bay, California; Ficopomatus enigmaticus, first recorded in North America from San Francisco, California in 1920, Rockport, Texas in 1952 and Barnegat Bay, New Jersey in 1980, is now recorded at additional localities on the east coast (Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, Charleston, South Carolina and Indian River, Florida) and the northern Gulf of Mexico (Galveston Bay, Texas); F. miamiensis extends its westward range from Louisiana to Texas; F. uschakovi, an Indo-Pacific and Western African species, was recorded formally for the first time from the northern Gulf of Mexico ((Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi, Texas) and the east coast of Florida (Jacksonville). Hydroides cf. brachyacantha extends its northward range from Curaҫao to Pensacola Bay, Florida; H. dirampha from Veracruz, Mexico to Corpus Christi, Texas; H. floridana extends its westward range from Louisiana to Texas; H. gracilis extends its northward range from Pacific Grove to San Francisco, California; Salmacina huxleyi from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina to Rhode Island; and Spirobranchus minutus from Veracruz, Mexico to Pensacola Bay, Florida. The following additional species range extensions are provisional in that they represent only one record or were not found in the most recent surveys (e.g., Hydroides elegans - east coast): H. longispinosa from Marshall Islands to Oahu, Hawaii; Protula balboensis from Florida to Texas; P. longiseta from the Mexican Caribbean to the Indian River, Florida; H. elegans from San Francisco to Humboldt Bay, northern California and on the east coast from the Indian River, Florida, to Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Among surveyed bays, Biscayne Bay, Florida and Corpus Christi, Texas (northern Gulf of Mexico) had the greatest number of species (14 and 8, respectively); in contrast, almost all sites in Alaska, Washington, Oregon (northwest Pacific), Rhode Island, Virginia and South Carolina (Atlantic) had only one or two species each. Hydroides dianthus was, by far, the most abundant serpulid species on fouling plates in the northern Gulf of Mexico and the east coast, while Pseudochitinopoma occidentalis was the most abundant serpulid detected on the west coast. For each species recorded herein, we include the synonyms and some key references, a material studied section, a diagnosis, and updated distributional information. A checklist and identification key to the known shallow-water serpulids sensu stricto of the United States are included.
A summary is given of the published host plant and descriptive immature stage morphology data for 671 species and 11 subspecies in 54 genera of Australian jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). New host data for 155 species and 3 subspecies in 17 genera including the first published data for 75 species are included.
The subfamily Sepiolinae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), currently containing the genera Sepiola Leach, 1817, Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887, Inioteuthis Verrill, 1881, Rondeletiola Naef, 1921 and Sepietta Naef, 1912, is characterized by the hectocotylization of the left dorsal arm, i.e., its transformation into a copulatory organ thanks to modifications of sucker/pedicel elements. The hectocotylus morphology varies to a great extent across genera and species. In particular, one to several pedicels in its proximal third lose their sucker and become highly and diversely modified in shape to constitute a copulatory apparatus. An evolutionary gradient was observed in the copulatory apparatus morphology, from the simple modification into a papilla of just one pedicel from the third element of the ventral sucker row (some nominal species of Euprymna) to a quite complex structure involving several variously modified pedicels from both the ventral and dorsal sucker rows (Inioteuthis). In some species, elements in the distal portion of the hectocotylus may also be highly modified, such as the columnar suckers in Euprymna. The hectocotylian diversity allows to distinguish nine groups of species that do not match the current generic subdivision of Sepiolinae. Additional morphological characters (number of sucker rows on arms, female bursa copulatrix, occurrence and shape of visceral light organs, etc.) corroborate the subdivision of Sepiolinae into nine subtaxa, i.e., genera. Accordingly, a cladogram is drawn to describe the possible phylogenetic relationships among the nine clades. To comply with these results, all current genera are redefined and four new genera are described, namely Adinaefiola gen. nov., Boletzkyola gen. nov., Eumandya gen. nov. and Lusepiola gen. nov.
A new sepioline species, Sepiola boletzkyi sp. nov. (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), is described based on two specimens from the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). The type specimens are lodged in the Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum of Izmir (Turkey). The new species belongs to the Sepiola atlantica group sensu Naef, hence it is compared with the species in this group, namely Sepiola affinis, Sepiola atlantica, Sepiola bursadhaesa, Sepiola intermedia, Sepiola robusta, Sepiola rondeletii, Sepiola steenstrupiana and Sepiola tridens. The male of S. boletzkyi sp. nov. differs from all the others in having the combination of homomorphous ventral arm tips, eight enlarged suckers, subdivided into two groups, in the dorsal row of the distal part of the hectocotylus and a dorsal lobe complementing the copulatory apparatus. In females of S. boletzkyi sp. nov. the bursa copulatrix is large and, unlike all other species in the genus, has a large fungiform process towards the mantle wall. The discovery of S. boletzkyi sp. nov. increases to 12 the number of NE Atlantic- Mediterranean species of Sepiola.
That God has to become man in order to reveal the being of God to mankind is a belief not only held by Christianity. In Bhagavata Purana, one of the holy scriptures of Hinduism, God Vishnu speaks the sentence quoted above when he is incarnated as Krishna. In a world getting ever smaller, awareness of other religions gains more and more importance. It is my purpose to show what contribution the theological field I represent, ecclesiastical history or historical theology,1 may make towards getting to know other religions and seeking dialogue with them. I will use the worship of Krishna in the following text to exemplify my propositions. My explanations are set out in five parts: (I) two traditions of how God became man; (II) the problem and purpose of inter-religious encounter; (III) historical theology as history; (IV) historical theology as theology; (V) thoughts about dialogue with other religions as an encounter between two things of comparable significance.
We are very pleased and proud to announce the launch of the European Journal of Taxonomy. The EJT is an international, online, fast-track, peer-reviewed, open access journal in descriptive taxonomy,covering subjects in zoology, entomology, botany, and palaeontology, owned and run by a Consortium of European Natural History Institutes. EJT is a collaborative project outcome of the EDIT network.
We review the species of Bidessus of Madagascar and describe Bidessus anjozorobe sp. nov. from material collected in Anjozorobe forest. Anjozorobe is part of the Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, which is an important corridor of transition forest between typical eastern humid forests and the residual sub-humid forest of the Central Highlands. Bidessus longistriga Régimbart, 1895 and Bidessus perexiguus Kolbe, 1883 are widespread but endemic low-altitude species on Madagascar. Bidessus nesioticus Guignot, 1956 is an alpine species described from near the peak of the Ankaratra mountain massifs at 2500 m a.s.l. We recollected the species for the first time since its description, in Ankaratra and in a new area above 2000 m a.s.l. in the Andringitra mountain further south. Bidessus cf. nero Gschwendtner, 1933 is tentatively recorded for Madagascar for the first time but further studies are needed to test the status of mainland and insular populations. Bidessus apicidens Biström & Sanfilippo, 1986 has not been recollected on Madagascar since 1970. All species are endemic to Madagascar except potentially Bidessus cf. ceratus and Bidessus cf. nero described from Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, respectively. The older records of the two non-endemic species Bidessus complicatus Sharp, 1904 and Bidessus ovoideus Régimbart, 1895 on Madagascar could not be verified.
In July 2005, Rafal Bernard requested Oleg Kosterin to collect some samples of Nehalennia speciosa from West Siberia for a DNA analysis. Oleg replied that so far he had only seen one individual of this species 25 years ago, but asked in which habitats it should be sought for exactly. Rafal sent him a draft of his paper (Bernard & Wildermuth, 2005) devoted to this subject. Having read it, Oleg came to the conclusion that this habitat (shallow water with Sphagnum and Carex limosa or C. lasiocarpa) might occupy the largest area in the world just in the boggy West Siberian Plain. Personal consultation with the geobotanist Dr. Nikolai Lashchinskii confirmed this notion. Then an almost automatic supposition followed that this area may serve as the main reservoir of N. speciosa, considered a local and endangered species in Western and Central Europe. At the same time, the existing records of N. speciosa from West Siberia were remarkably scarce. It was known from the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region (basins of the Tura and Konda Rivers), a small number of records from North Altai and adjacent areas north of it, a record from the steppe zone of Novosibirsk Province (Karasuk), a record in the basin of the Tuba River (Krasnoyarskii Krai), and a dubious old record from Omsk (see the map in Belyshev (1973) and a review in Bernard & Wildermuth (2005)). There was no record from the boggy Irtysh-Ob’ interfluve, where we would expect the species to flourish. This could be explained by the lack of attention by odonatologists to that interesting area. In these circumstances, the project of a special expedition(-s) was put forward, aimed to check the presence, pattern of distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of N. speciosa in these areas. For a decisive expedition we chose the Vasyugan Bog, the largest bog in the world, more precisely its north-eastern margin where we could find a good base in Plotnikovo village, Bakchar District, Tomsk Province.
Based on newly designated type material, four poorly known NE Atlantic cheilostome bryozoan species are redescribed and imaged: Cellaria harmelini d’Hondt from the northern Bay of Biscay, Hippomenella mucronelliformis (Waters) from Madeira, Myriapora bugei d’Hondt from the Azores, and Characodoma strangulatum, occurring from Mauritania to southern Portugal. Moreover, Notoplites saojorgensis sp. nov. from the Azores, formerly reported as Notoplites marsupiatus (Jullien), is newly described. The genus Hippomenella Canu & Bassler is transferred from the lepraliomorph family Escharinidae Tilbrook to the umbonulomorph family Romancheinidae Jullien.
Ten new species belonging to three new genera (Atlantisina gen. nov., Bathycyclopora gen. nov., Calvetopora gen. nov.) of umbonulomorph bryozoans from northeastern Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope are introduced. We furthermore erect the new family Atlantisinidae fam. nov. for these genera. Eight new species belong to the new genus Atlantisina: Atlantisina atlantis gen. et sp. nov. (type species), A. acantha gen. et sp. nov., A. gorringensis gen. et sp. nov., A. inarmata gen. et sp. nov., A. lionensis gen. et sp. nov., A. meteor gen. et sp. nov., A. seinensis gen. et sp. nov., and A. tricornis gen. et sp. nov. The genus Bathycyclopora gen. nov. is introduced for ?Phylactella vibraculata Calvet from the Azores, and also includes Bathycyclopora suroiti gen. et sp. nov. The type species of Calvetopora gen. nov. is Lepralia inflata Calvet from the Gulf of Cadiz; this genus also includes Calvetopora otapostasis gen. et sp. nov. and another species left in open nomenclature. Of the 13 species described herein, 11 occur on seamounts and islands, and nine species are endemic to a single seamount, island or station. The present results show that bryozoans provide striking examples of the function of seamounts as areas of endemism, most likely intrinsically linked to the low dispersal abilities of bryozoan larvae.
Until now, only 177 species of sponges (Porifera) have been reported for Chilean coastal waters. Here we describe recent scuba diving surveys undertaken to improve our knowledge of the diversity of the sponge fauna of the Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal in Chilean Patagonia. Despite these relatively harsh environments, our study yielded 23 species of Demospongiae, nine of which are new to science and described here: Hymerabdia imperfecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Axinella coronata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna aurantiaca Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna erecta Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Biemna typica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Scopalina cribrosa Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., Rhizaxinella strongylata Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. and Darwinella pronzatoi Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov. One species, Hymedesmia (Stylopus) lissostyla (Bergquist & Fromont, 1988), is reported for the first time for Chile.
Four new species of the tribe Clytrini Kirby, 1837, Labidostomis bcharrensis sp. nov. (Lebanon), Tituboea friedmani sp. nov. (Israel), Tituboea harteni sp. nov. (United Arab Emirates) and Tituboea radeki sp. nov. (Yemen, Oman), and the formerly unknown females of Labidostomis damavandensis Rapilly, 1984 and Saudiclytra wittmeri Medvedev, 1979 are described. The following new synonyms are proposed: Coptocephala coptocephaloides (Lacordaire, 1848) = Coptocephala furthi Medvedev, 1992 syn. nov., Labidostomis rufa (Waltl, 1838) = Labidostomis rufa (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov., Tituboea olivieri (Lacordaire, 1848) = Tituboea femoralis Medvedev, 1962 syn. nov., Saudiclytra wittmeri (Medvedev, 1979) = Saudiclytra spinifemorata Medvedev, El Torkey & Al Dhafer, 2014 syn. nov. A neotype is designated for Clythra (Tituboea) olivieri Lacordaire, 1848. Tituboea decemguttata Walker, 1871 is considered as nomen dubium. The variability of the elytral pattern of Afrophthalma arabica (Bryant, 1957) is delimited. New country records and comments on distribution of Clytrini species from the eastern Mediterranean, the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula are presented.
The taxa of Cryptocephalinae (Clytrini), Synetinae and part of Galerucinae introduced by Carl Peter Thunberg are reviewed based on the examination of primary type specimens deposited in the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Coptocephala unifasciata unifasciata (Scopoli, 1763) = Cryptocephalus melanocephalus Thunberg, 1787 syn. nov.; Melitonoma decemnotata (Thunberg, 1787) comb. nov. (from Cryptocephalus Geoffroy, 1762); Miopristis flexuosa (Thunberg, 1821) = Miopristis namaquensis Medvedev, 1993 syn. nov.; Protoclytra ( Lacordairella) taeniata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Camptolenes Chevrolat, 1836) = Camptolenes fastuosa (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov.; Smeia undata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Miopristis Lacordaire, 1848) = Smeia virginea (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov. = Melitonoma pictipennis Jacoby, 1898 syn. nov.; Teinocera catenata (Thunberg, 1821) comb. nov. (from Miopristis) = Teinocera subclathrata (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov.; Exosoma lusitanica (Linnaeus, 1767) = Crioceris haemorrhoa Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Megalognatha festiva (Fabricius, 1781) = Crioceris virens Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Monolepta bioculata (Fabricius, 1781) = Cryptocephalus bioculatus Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Monolepta melanogaster (Wiedemann, 1823) = Cryptocephalus capensis Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov.; Palaeophylia tricolor (Fabricius, 1781) = Crioceris tetrapuncta Thunberg, 1787 syn. nov. = Crioceris dimidiata Thunberg, 1827 syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Cryptocephalus bioculatus Thunberg, 1827 and Crioceris dimidiata Thunberg, 1827. Melitonoma decemnotata comb. nov. is redescribed. Labidostomis insidiosa Péringuey, 1888 is resurrected from synonymy with Teinocera catenata comb. nov. and provisionally placed as a valid species in the genus Miopristis Lacordaire, 1848. Crioceris betulina Thunberg, 1787 is proposed as nomen oblitum for Syneta betulae (Fabricius, 1792) (nomen protectum). Colour photographs of the type specimens of all taxa are provided.
Anomalies in female receptacle of Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb.- A report from J&K.
(2013)
The genus Plagiochasma belonging to the order Marchantiales has been very well worked out with respect to the structure and development of male and female receptacles. In the present paper, the author reports abnormalities in archegoniophores along with the anatomical details of the same. This report from J&K is altogether new.
The conception of the whole as a system, that is, as a totality determined by one principle or idea, has dominated the philosophical tradition from Kant and Hegel to Marxism - and, as Louis Althusser's critique of Hegelianism shows, not without implicit social, political, and ideological consequences. The possibility of breaking with the idealist tradition in all of these respects rests on the articulation of an alternative conception of the whole. Althusser advances the notion of the social whole as a complex unity that is constituted through its own effects - what he calls "overdetermination." Such overdetermination of the whole displaces the conception of the whole as totality (Hegel) in favor of Spinoza's notion of modal unity - the whole as singularity.
We delve into the EU's regulatory changes aimed at boosting transparency in sustainable investments. By examining disparities among ESG rating agencies, we assess how these differences challenge standardization and consensus. Our analysis underscores the critical need for clearer ESG assessments to guide the sustainable investment landscape.
Hemipogon s. str. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) currently consists of three species sharing an erect herbaceous habit, narrow leaves and corona-less flowers with urceolate, internally bearded corolla, that are mainly distributed in savannahs of the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, South America. Here, we describe and illustrate a new species of Hemipogon, H. trilobatus Bitencourt & Rapini sp. nov., from an open savannah in Chapada dos Veadeiros, Central Brazil. Hemipogon trilobatus sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly by the presence of a reduced staminal corona with 3-lobed lobes, but also by opposite leaves and triangular anthers. Distribution and habitat data, as well as a key and a comparative table to distinguish the four species currently accepted in Hemipogon s. str., are provided. Based on criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered.
Currently, the genus Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) is represented in the Oriental Region by 259 species. Of these, 61 species have been described or recorded from Vietnam. In this paper, 9 new species from Vietnam are described and illustrated (Chimarra aculeata, C. carinata, C. corneola, C. insolita, C. mina, C. prominens, C. rostrata, C. undulata, and C. ungula). In addition, 3 new country records are noted (Chimarra areli Malicky and Mey, Chimarra pipake Malicky and Chantaramongkol, and Chimarra suthepensis Chantaramongkol and Malicky), and 1 new species group (minuta Group) is proposed and populated. An additional species group (georgensis “Group”), with 1 new species from Vietnam, but otherwise only known from Africa, is discussed, but not formally defined. A table listing all known Vietnamese species of Chimarra is included, along with discussion of variability in the anal veins of the forewing found within this genus, and its relevance for defining subgenera and species groups.
Species of Mortoniella are revised for the northern and Andean part of the South American continent, including the countries of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana. All previously described species from the region are reillustrated and redescribed, except for Mortoniella santiaga Sykora, 1999 and M. quinuas Harper and Turcotte, 1985, whose types could not be located, and M. tranquilla Martynov, 1912, whose type is based on a female specimen and thus is currently unidentifiable. Included in the revision are 35 described species and 59 new species. Mortoniella similis Sykora, 1999 is considered a junior synonym of M. roldani Flint, 1991, and M. macuta (Botosaneanu, 1998) is considered a junior synonym of M. limona (Flint, 1981). A new subgenus, Nanotrichia, is recognized to accommodate species previously referred to as members of the ormina and velasquezi groups. Mexitrichia pacuara Flint, 1974 is designated the type species for the subgenus. Species previously referred to as members of the bilineata and leroda species groups are retained in the nominate subgenus, along with additional taxa not previously placed to species group, and treated within a number of subgroups. Previously described species of M. (Mortoniella) which are redescribed and reillustrated include: M. angulata Flint, 1963; M. apiculata Flint, 1963; M. atenuata (Flint, 1963); M. bifurcata Sykora, 1999; M. bilineata Ulmer, 1906; M. bolivica (Schmid, 1958); M. chicana Sykora, 1999; M. denticulata Sykora, 1999; M. elongata (Flint, 1963); M. enchrysa Flint, 1991; M. flinti Sykora, 1999; M. foersteri (Schmid, 1964); M. hodgesi Flint, 1963; M. iridescens Flint, 1991; M. leei (Flint, 1974); M. limona (Flint, 1981); M. marini (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. paralineata Sykora, 1999; M. paraenchrysa Sykora, 1999; M. pocita (Flint, 1983); M. punensis (Flint, 1983); M. roldani Flint, 1991; M. simla (Flint, 1974); M. spinulata (Flint, 1991); M. squamata Sykora, 1999; M. unilineata Sykora, 1999; and M. wygodzinskii (Schmid, 1958). New species described in M. (Mortoniella), followed by their respective areas of distribution, include: M. acutiterga (Ecuador); M. adamsae (Peru); M. akrogeneios (Ecuador); M. applanata (Peru); M. auricularis (Colombia); M. barinasi (Venezuela); M. biramosa (Venezuela); M. bothrops (Peru); M. brevis (Ecuador, Venezuela); M. bulbosa (Peru); M. catherinae (Peru); M. chalalan (Peru); M. cornuta (Peru); M. cressae (Venezuela); M. croca (Peru); M. curtispina (Venezuela); M. curvistylus (Ecuador); M. dentiterga (Ecuador); M. dinotes (Peru); M. draconis (Ecuador); M. emarginata (Ecuador, Colombia); M. esrossi (Colombia); M. flexuosa (Colombia); M. furcula (Ecuador); M. gilli (Ecuador); M. gracilis (Venezuela); M. grandiloba (Venezuela); M. guyanensis (Guyana); M. hamata (Colombia); M. langleyae (Ecuador); M. longiterga (Ecuador); M. membranacea (Bolivia); M. monopodis (Colombia, Ecuador); M. parameralda (Ecuador); M. pica (Ecuador); M. proakantha (Ecuador); M. prolata (Peru); M. quadrispina (Ecuador); M. rectiflexa (Ecuador); M. ruedae (Bolivia); M. schlingeri (Colombia); M. silacea (Colombia, Ecuador); M. sinuosa (Bolivia, Peru); M. spatulata (Venezuela); M. tanyrhabdos (Venezuela); M. tridens (Peru); M. triramosa (Bolivia); M. tusci (Venezuela); and M. variabilis (Venezuela, Colombia). Species assigned to the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia) which are redescribed and reillustrated include: M. aequalis (Flint, 1963); M. aries (Flint, 1963); M. collegarum (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. eduardoi (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. macarenica (Flint, 1974); M. pacuara (Flint, 1974); M. usseglioi (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); and M. velasquezi (Flint, 1991). Previously described species of Mortoniella, outside the area of coverage, that are transferred to the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia) include: M. alicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. bocaina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. catarinensis (Flint, 1974); M. froehlichi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. ormina (Mosely, 1939); M. rodmani Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008; and M. tripuiensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011. New species in the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia), followed by their respective areas of distribution, include: Mortoniella cognata (Ecuador, Venezuela); M. coheni (Ecuador); M. licina (Ecuador); M. paucispina (Peru); M. quadridactyla (Venezuela); M. simplicis (Venezuela); M. spangleri (Ecuador); M. triangularis (Ecuador); M. venezuelensis (Venezuela); and M. zamora (Ecuador). A key to the males of species from the region is also provided, as well as a key to females for the major subgroups and a species key to females of the velasquezi group. Finally, a partially resolved phylogeny of the species is presented, along with a discussion of evolutionary trends within the genus.
After publication of Blahnik and Holzenthal (2017), it was noticed that a large portion of the text had been accidentally removed from the "Phylogenetic and evolutionary comments" section during the proofing stage. The beginning of the deleted section completes the sentence on line 6 of page 129, which begins "The species included in the subgenus...". The Insecta Mundi editorial staff apologizes for this oversight. In order to provide context for the deleted excerpt, the entire "Phylogenetic and evolutionary comments" section is reproduced here, with the deleted text reincorporated. Insecta Mundi has also released a revised version of the Blahnik and Holzenthal (2017) manuscript, with this error corrected. However, the revised version is merely for convenience, and not an official peerreviewed article. Anyone wishing to reference the findings of Blahnik and Holzenthal (2017) should cite the original 2017 manuscript or this erratum. The references and figure plates cited in this section have also been reproduced here. ...
Species of Mortoniella are revised for the northern and Andean part of the South American continent, including the countries of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana. All previously described species from the region are reillustrated and redescribed, except for Mortoniella santiaga Sykora, 1999 and M. quinuas Harper and Turcotte, 1985, whose types could not be located, and M. tranquilla Martynov, 1912, whose type is based on a female specimen and thus is currently unidentifiable. Included in the revision are 35 described species and 59 new species. Mortoniella similis Sykora, 1999 is considered a junior synonym of M. roldani Flint, 1991, and M. macuta (Botosaneanu, 1998) is considered a junior synonym of M. limona (Flint, 1981). A new subgenus, Nanotrichia, is recognized to accommodate species previously referred to as members of the ormina and velasquezi groups. Mexitrichia pacuara Flint, 1974 is designated the type species for the subgenus. Species previously referred to as members of the bilineata and leroda species groups are retained in the nominate subgenus, along with additional taxa not previously placed to species group, and treated within a number of subgroups. Previously described species of M. (Mortoniella) which are redescribed and reillustrated include: M. angulata Flint, 1963; M. apiculata Flint, 1963; M. atenuata (Flint, 1963); M. bifurcata Sykora, 1999; M. bilineata Ulmer, 1906; M. bolivica (Schmid, 1958); M. chicana Sykora, 1999; M. denticulata Sykora, 1999; M. elongata (Flint, 1963); M. enchrysa Flint, 1991; M. flinti Sykora, 1999; M. foersteri (Schmid, 1964); M. hodgesi Flint, 1963; M. iridescens Flint, 1991; M. leei (Flint, 1974); M. limona (Flint, 1981); M. marini (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. paralineata Sykora, 1999; M. paraenchrysa Sykora, 1999; M. pocita (Flint, 1983); M. punensis (Flint, 1983); M. roldani Flint, 1991; M. simla (Flint, 1974); M. spinulata (Flint, 1991); M. squamata Sykora, 1999; M. unilineata Sykora, 1999; and M. wygodzinskii (Schmid, 1958). New species described in M. (Mortoniella), followed by their respective areas of distribution, include: M. acutiterga (Ecuador); M. adamsae (Peru); M. akrogeneios (Ecuador); M. applanata (Peru); M. auricularis (Colombia); M. barinasi (Venezuela); M. biramosa (Venezuela); M. bothrops (Peru); M. brevis (Ecuador, Venezuela); M. bulbosa (Peru); M. catherinae (Peru); M. chalalan (Peru); M. cornuta (Peru); M. cressae (Venezuela); M. croca (Peru); M. curtispina (Venezuela); M. curvistylus (Ecuador); M. dentiterga (Ecuador); M. dinotes (Peru); M. draconis (Ecuador); M. emarginata (Ecuador, Colombia); M. esrossi (Colombia); M. flexuosa (Colombia); M. furcula (Ecuador); M. gilli (Ecuador); M. gracilis (Venezuela); M. grandiloba (Venezuela); M. guyanensis (Guyana); M. hamata (Colombia); M. langleyae (Ecuador); M. longiterga (Ecuador); M. membranacea (Bolivia); M. monopodis (Colombia, Ecuador); M. parameralda (Ecuador); M. pica (Ecuador); M. proakantha (Ecuador); M. prolata (Peru); M. quadrispina (Ecuador); M. rectiflexa (Ecuador); M. ruedae (Bolivia); M. schlingeri (Colombia); M. silacea (Colombia, Ecuador); M. sinuosa (Bolivia, Peru); M. spatulata (Venezuela); M. tanyrhabdos (Venezuela); M. tridens (Peru); M. triramosa (Bolivia); M. tusci (Venezuela); and M. variabilis (Venezuela, Colombia). Species assigned to the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia) which are redescribed and reillustrated include: M. aequalis (Flint, 1963); M. aries (Flint, 1963); M. collegarum (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. eduardoi (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); M. macarenica (Flint, 1974); M. pacuara (Flint, 1974); M. usseglioi (Rueda Martín and Gibon, 2008); and M. velasquezi (Flint, 1991). Previously described species of Mortoniella, outside the area of coverage, that are transferred to the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia) include: M. alicula Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. bocaina Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. catarinensis (Flint, 1974); M. froehlichi Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011; M. ormina (Mosely, 1939); M. rodmani Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2008; and M. tripuiensis Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011. New species in the subgenus M. (Nanotrichia), followed by their respective areas of distribution, include: Mortoniella cognata (Ecuador, Venezuela); M. coheni (Ecuador); M. licina (Ecuador); M. paucispina (Peru); M. quadridactyla (Venezuela); M. simplicis (Venezuela); M. spangleri (Ecuador); M. triangularis (Ecuador); M. venezuelensis (Venezuela); and M. zamora (Ecuador). A key to the males of species from the region is also provided, as well as a key to females for the major subgroups and a species key to females of the velasquezi group. Finally, a partially resolved phylogeny of the species is presented, along with a discussion of evolutionary trends within the genus.
We revise the species-level taxonomy of the Crematogaster (Crematogaster) degeerispecies-assemblage, a group of related ants occuring in Madagascar and the wider Malagasy region, and further provide an identification key to all species-groups of the genus Crematogaster in this region. Within the C. degeeri-assemblage, we recognize twelve species based upon morphological data from worker, queen and male ants, as well as genetic data from the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I. Seven new species are described: Crematogaster alafara Blaimer sp. nov., C. bara Blaimer sp. nov., C. mafybe Blaimer sp. nov., C.maina Blaimer sp. nov., C. malahelo Blaimer sp. nov., C. masokely Blaimer sp. nov., C. ramamy Blaimer sp. nov. Crematogaster tricolor Gerstäcker, 1859 (stat. rev.) and C. dentata Dalla Torre, 1893 (stat. nov.) are raised to species level, and the following new synonymies are proposed: Crematogaster degeeri lunaris Santschi, 1928 as a synonym of C. degeeri Forel, 1886; Crematogaster sewelli improba Forel, 1907 and C. sewelli mauritiana Forel, 1907 as synonyms of C. dentata Dalla Torre, 1893, and C. pacifi ca Santschi, 1919 as a synonym of C. lobata Emery, 1895. Species descriptions, images, and distribution maps and identification keys based on worker ants, as well as on queen ants where available, are presented for all twelve species. In addition, we present a molecular gene tree for cytochrome oxidase I and summarize levels of sequence divergence within and between species of the C. degeeri-species-assemblage. Our findings are discussed in the light of previous work on Malagasy Crematogaster ants.
Eryphanis zolvizora (Hewitson, 1877) is a rare Andean endemic butterfly, described from Bolivia, which has been historically classified either as a unique species, or as part of a group of three allopatric species from Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia. In this paper, the group is revised using more than 200 specimens housed in 35 European and North and South American public and private collections. For the first time, the presence of the group in Western Ecuador and Venezuela is confirmed, and important data on Peruvian populations are provided. In some populations, individual variations of genitalia are observed. Nevertheless, male genitalia allow the distinction of four geographical groups. Considering also habitus characters, eight taxa are distinguished and considered to be subspecies, of which five are new: Eryphanis zolvizora inca ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora chachapoya ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora casagrande ssp. nov., Eryphanis zolvizora reyi ssp. nov., and Eryphanis zolvizora isabelae ssp. nov. In the present state of knowledge, these taxa are allopatric, except for a possible geographic overlap in central Peru, where data are insufficient to prove sympatry. The “several subspecies vs. several species” dilemma is discussed, considering its impact for conservation action and policies.
Big and beautiful: the Megaxyela species (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) of East Asia and North America
(2017)
Megaxyela Ashmead, 1898 comprises 13 species, four of which are described as new and one is removed from synonymy: Megaxyela euchroma Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Zheijang), M. fulvago Blank, Shinohara & Wei sp. nov. from China (Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), M. inversa Blank & D.R. Smith sp. nov. from the USA (West Virginia), M. langstoni Ross, 1936 sp. rev. from the eastern USA, and M. pulchra Blank, Shinohara & Sundukov sp. nov. from China (Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet), South Korea (Kangwon-do) and Russia (Primorskiy Kray). The male of M. parki Shinohara, 1992 is described for the first time. A lectotype is designated for M. gigantea Mocsáry, 1909. A cladogram, based on COI sequences of seven species, is presented and interpreted in view of selected morphological characters. Records of M. fulvago sp. nov. from Hunan and of M. pulchra sp. nov. from Tibet extend the known distribution of Megaxyela in the Old World 600 kilometers farther south and 2500 kilometers farther west than previous records.
Homollea Arènes (Rubiaceae, subfamily Ixoroideae, tribe Pavetteae) is a genus of shrubs and small trees endemic to western and northern Madagascar. The genus comprises five species occurring in dry deciduous forest, often in limestone areas. The five species are narrow endemics and their conservation status is either Endangered (4 species) or Critically Endangered (1 species). Homollea is characterized by few-flowered, pseudo-axillary, pedunculate inflorescences, well-developed calyces with the lobes much longer than the tube, laterally flattened seeds with a shallow, elongated to linear hilum and entire endosperm, ovules arising from the upper margin of the placenta, and, pollen grains with supratectal elements in the shape of microgemmae. Until now, three species were known and their descriptions are amended. Two further species, H. furtiva De Block sp. nov. and H. septentrionalis De Block sp. nov., are described as new for science. The five species are dealt with in detail: descriptions, distribution maps, conservation assessments, illustrations, lists of exsiccatae and an identification key are given.
Endogeophilus ichnusae gen. et sp. nov. (Chilopoda: Geophilidae sensu stricto) is described based on three specimens from two localities in south-western Sardinia, examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The new centipede resembles the rare Ibero-Pyrenean genus Galliophilus Ribaut & Brolemann, 1927 in some features, especially in the forcipular segment, and the temperate European species Geophilus electricus (Linnaeus, 1758) in other features, especially in the ultimate leg-bearing segment. However, the true affinities of E. ichnusae gen. et sp. nov. are uncertain, because the new species departs significantly from the majority of geophilids for the higher number of legs (91–107 pairs in the specimens examined), the slender trunk segments (the sternites being longer than wide), the relatively stout legs (the tarsus being only about twice as long as wide) and the very short setae (≤ 15 mm) scattered on the body surface. All these features are probably derived and suggest adaptation to a more strictly endogeic habit than other geophilids.
Two obligate cave-dwelling species of cyclopoid copepods (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) were discovered inside caves in central Thailand. Siamcyclops cavernicolus gen. et sp. nov. was recognised as as a member of a new genus. It resembles Bryocyclops jankowskajae Monchenko, 1972 from Uzbekistan (part of the former USSR). It differs from it by (1) lack of pointed triangular prominences on the intercoxal sclerite of the fourth swimming leg, (2) mandibular palp with three setae, (3) spine and setal formulae of swimming legs 3.3.3.2 and 5.5.5.5, respectively, and (4) specific shape of spermatophore. Metacyclops thailandicus sp. nov. resembles M. cushae Reid, 1991 from Louisiana (USA). It differs from it by (1) distal segment of the endopod of the fourth swimming leg with one apical spine, (2) the fifth swimming legs with one broad segment, (3) the spine formula of the distal segment of the exopod of the swimming legs 3.4.3.3, and (4) well developed anal operculum reaching articulation with caudal rami. Detailed descriptions of the habitats of the new species and up-to-date keys to the genera and subgenera of the Bryocyclops and Microcyclops groups are provided, along with an updated list of obligate groundwater species of Copepoda in Southeast Asia.
The New World Clistopyga chaconi species group is revised. Eleven species are described as new: C. amazonica sp. nov., C. cinnamoptera sp. nov., C. cuscoensis sp. nov., C. hayesiana sp. nov., C. melanoptera sp. nov., C. misionensis sp. nov., C. mocaguae sp. nov., C. orellanae sp. nov., C. porteri sp. nov., C. rondoniae sp. nov. and C. yabuquensis sp. nov. Additional morphological data are provided for the previously known species, C. caramba Castillo & Sääksjärvi and C. chaconi Gauld. An illustrated identification key to all species of the group is provided. The Clistopyga chaconi species group appears to be most diverse at the Andean and Amazonian interface in western South America.
A detailed study of the holotype of Sphecomyrma canadensis Wilson, 1985 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Canadian amber has led to the conclusion that the specimen belongs to a new genus, here named Boltonimecia gen.n. Since the taxonomy of stem-group ants is not well understood, in order to find the taxonomic position of this genus, it is necessary to review the classifi cation of stem-group ants in a study of their relation to crown-group ants. In the absence of data for traditional taxonomic approaches, a statistical study was done based on a morphometric analysis of antennae. Scape elongation is believed to play an important role in the evolution of eusociality in ants; however, this hypothesis has never been confirmed statistically. The statistical analysis presented herein lends support to the view that antennal morphology reliably distinguishes stem-group ants from crown-group ants, to determine whether a species belongs to one or the other group. This, in turn, may indicate a relationship exists between eusociality and scape elongation. A review of Cretaceous records of ants is made and the higher classification of Formicidae with definitions of stem and crown groups is proposed. Newly obtained data are discussed focusing particularly on the origin, evolution and diversity of ants.
Cteniogaster, a new genus of small ground spiders is described from Kenya and Tanzania. It encompasses seven new species, three of which are known from both sexes: C. toxarchus sp. nov., the type species, C. conviva sp. nov. and C. hexomma sp. nov. Three species are known from females only: C. lampropus sp. nov., C. sangarawe sp. nov. and C. taxorchis sp. nov. and one only from males: C. nana sp. nov. The new genus can be recognised by the presence of a posterior ventral abdominal f eld of strong setae and anterior lateral spinnerets with enlarged piriform gland spigots in males. A cladistic analysis attributes the genus to Liocranidae, Cybaeodinae. The results of the analysis performed do not produce an unequivocal autapomorphy for Liocranidae, but provide a combination of non-homoplasious character changes that offers significant potential for recognising genera as Liocranidae. Moreover, robust apomorphies are determined within Liocranidae for the subfamilies Liocraninae and Cybaeodinae. Based on these fi ndings Toxoniella Warui & Jocqué, 2002 is transferred from Gallieniellidae to Liocranidae, Cybaeodinae. Jacaena Thorell, 1897, Plynnon Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 and Teutamus Thorell, 1890 are transferred to Corinnidae, Phrurolithinae and Montebello Hogg, 1914 to Gnaphosidae. Itatsina Kishida, 1930 is synonymised with Prochora Simon, 1886.
Harpactea dufouri (Thorell, 1873) was collected in the Gavarres protected natural area in Catalonia, Spain. The specimens were compared with specimens from Mallorca, Balearic Islands,
and found to be conspecific. The female of the species is described here for the first time. The new finding proves that Harpactea dufouri occurs outside the Balearic Islands. The species, however, may be endemic to Catalonia.
Populations of Stegelleta are described from California, New Zealand and Senegal. An amphimictic population from California is identified as belonging to S. incisa and compared with type specimens from Utah and an amphimictic population from Italy. One population from New Zealand is close to S. incisa but considered to represent a new species, Stegelleta laterocornuta sp. nov. It is particularly characterised by a 379–512 μm long body in females and 365–476 μm in males; cuticle divided into 16 rows of blocks at midbody (excluding lateral field); lateral field with four incisures; three pairs of asymmetrical lips, U-shaped primary axils without guarding processes, each lip asymmetrically rectangular with a smooth margin, only lateral lips have slender acute tines; three labial probolae, bifurcated at half of their length; vulva without flap; spermatheca 17–31 μm long; postuterine sac 7–24 μm long; spicules 21.5–23.5 μm long. Other specimens from New Zealand are identified as belonging to S. tuarua. A parthenogenetic population from Senegal is identified as belonging to S. ophioglossa and compared with type specimens from Mongolia and records of several other populations of S. ophioglossa. The generic diagnosis is emended and a key to the species of Stegelleta is provided.
A new species of Paracrobeles, P. kelsodunensis sp. nov. is described from the Kelso Dunes area, Mojave National Preserve, southern California. Paracrobeles kelsodunensis sp. nov. is particularly characterised by a body length of 469–626 μm in females and 463–569 μm in males; lateral field with four incisures, extending almost to tail terminus; three pairs of asymmetrical lips, separated by U-shaped primary axils with two long guarding processes, each lip usually with four tines along its margin; three long labial probolae, deeply bifurcated, with slender prongs without tines; metastegostom with a strong anteriorly directed dorsal tooth; pharyngeal corpus anteriorly spindle-shaped, posteriorly elongate bulbous with dilated lumen; spermatheca 24–87 μm long; postvulval uterine sac 60–133 μm long; vulva in a sunken area; spicules 33–38 μm long; and male tail with a 5–8 μm long mucro. The generic diagnosis is emended on the basis of recently described species and a key to the species of Paracrobeles is provided.
Three new species of Eburiini are described: Beraba hovorei sp. nov. from Ecuador, Eburella migueli sp. nov from Colombia and Susuacanga marcelae sp. nov. from Mexico. A new combination, Quiacaua vespertina (Monné & Martins, 1973) comb. nov., and the transfer of Eburia (Eburia) stroheckeri Knull, 1949 to Eburia (Eleutho) Thomson, 1864 are proposed. A key to species of Beraba Martins, 1997, Eburella Monné & Martins, 1973 and Quiacaua Martins, 1997 is provided. Moreover, the geographical distribution for 15 species of Eburiini is expanded. A lectotype and a paralectotype for Volxemia dianella Lameere, 1884 are designated.
The diagnosis of the Formicidae is revised, including five new, unreversed apomorphies, of which one is a unique synapomorphy. The first global male-based key to all subfamilies is provided and illustrated, and all ant subfamilies are diagnosed for males on a global scale for the first time. Three lineages of “basal ants” are assessed in detail: the Amblyoponinae, Leptanillinae, and Martialinae. The males of Martialis heureka (Martialinae) and Apomyrma (Amblyoponinae) are described. The Martialinae and Leptanillinae are diagnosed based on males, and additional diagnostic traits for the male of Amblyoponinae and worker of Martialis are provided. The placement of Scyphodon and Noonilla in the Formicidae and Leptanillinae is confirmed. Morphological characters of the Amblyoponinae, the Leptanillinae, and the Martialinae are contrasted, and potentially homologous apomorphies are signaled.
The taxa Cubicostissus palaeocaeni gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Paleocene of Menat (Central France) as the oldest representative of the family Issidae for which all currently known fossils are reviewed. With a unique combination of characters, the specimen represents the first fossil described for the tribe Hysteropterini. Its occurrence in the European Paleocene shows that its lineage, and therefore the Issidae, were already present at least some 60 Ma. It allows to discard the hypothesis of an Eocene origin for the family, which is in accordance with a recent molecular calibration of the family, reporting the tribe as old as the Upper Cretaceous.
A cladistic analysis of the genus Atlantodesmus Hoffman, 2000 is presented. With a total of 11 taxa and 30 morphological characters, and under implied weighting (k = 3), two equally most parsimonious trees (length = 58 steps; total fit = 23.150; CI = 0.64; RI = 0.64) recovered the monophyly of the genus. The resulting synapomorphies are: absence of a ventral projection on the post-gonopodal sternites; presence of folds on the dorsal edge of the prefemoral region of the gonopod; and one homoplastic transformation: presence of a cingulum. In addition, Atlantodesmus sierwaldae sp. nov. is described from the state of Minas Gerais, in the Brazilian Cerrado, and a key to the males of the genus is provided.
Distributional data are presented for Neotropical spongillafl ies (Sisyridae). New country records from Uruguay are presented for Climacia carpenteri Parfi n and Gurney, C. insolita Flint, C. versicolor Flint. Climacia desordentata Monserrat is synonymized with Climacia basalis Banks, NEW SYNONOMY. For the fi rst time, Sisyra apicalis Banks is reported from Guatemala, Suriname, and Uruguay, and S. panama Parfi n and Gurney is reported from Peru. Additional distributional data are presented for other species.
We report on collections of seven species of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) from the Americas. New country distributional records are reported for Nallachius pulchellus (Banks) from Honduras and Trinidad, and Nallachius phantomellus Adams from Ecuador. Nallachius ovalis Adams and Nallachius prestoni (McLachlan) are reported from Brazil representing the second reported collections of those species. Additional state records and in-country distributional information are presented for the other species. Two species could not be identified with certainty.
Agathymus escalantei Stallings, Turner, and Stallings, 1966 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) is the only described species of Megathyminae known from a single collected individual. To date, the only images of this specimen are poor black and white illustrations published in the original description. This note presents the first color photographs of the holotype.
Niphargus dancaui sp. nov., previously referred to as Niphargus cf. stygius, was sampled from various groundwater sites in and near the town of Mangalia (SE Romania) and described with Movile Cave (a sulfidic, chemoautotrophically based ecosystem) as type locality. A short comparison with Niphargus stygius specimens from Slovenia was made, together with a morphological analysis of interpopulational variability. Males of N. dancaui sp. nov. were relatively large (17 mm), with long antennae, pereiopods and uropod III. Females were slightly smaller, with shorter antennae, pereiopods and uropod III. Interpopulational variability was noticed in the chaetotaxy of the telson lobes and uropod III. N. dancaui sp. nov. is morphologically very close to N. lessiniensis and N. tridentinus, two species present in northern Italy, but distinct genetically from them based on 28S rRNA sequences. Instead, the closest relative of N. dancaui sp. nov. sequenced so far for this marker is N. montanarius, which inhabits a sulfidic cave system in central Italy. The work presented here contributes to our knowledge of groundwater crustacean biodiversity in general and of the systematics of the genus Niphargus in particular.
Handbook of best practice and standards for 2D+ and 3D
imaging of natural history collections
(2020)
Digitising a collection is key to make it last even after the physical objects are no longer available. Almost all of the techniques currently available to digitise a natural history collection in 2D+ and 3D are listed herein. The techniques are explained in a way that even one without any knowledge on the subject may understand their principle. The strong and weak points of the techniques are discussed, and an overview of suitable collections and specimens are given for each one of them. Also, plenty of examples already digitised with each technique are provided together with the links to visualise them in 3D. After explaining all the different digitisation options, the subsequent chapters provide information on how to improve the 2D+ and 3D digital twins of the specimens and techniques are compared to each other by means of test specimens. These give a fast overview of the capabilities of the digitisation techniques. Possible solutions to avoid digitisation errors are equally provided. Lastly, the dissemination of the results and the data management of the 3D models are briefly discussed in the final chapters. Also, a large chapter is provided with several workflows that can be followed to get the best possible results.
The vividly coloured Neotropical genus Callipia Guenée (1858) (Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758, Geometridae (Leach, 1815), Larentiinae (Leach, 1815), Stamnodini Forbes, 1948) is revised and separated into four species groups, according to a provisional phylogeny based on Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene data and morphology. Fourteen new species are described using COI data and morphology: a) in the balteata group: C. fiedleri sp. nov., C. jakobi sp. nov., C. lamasi sp. nov.; b) in the vicinaria group: C. hausmanni sp. nov., C. walterfriedlii sp. nov.; c) in the parrhasiata group: C. augustae sp. nov., C. jonai sp. nov., C. karsholti sp. nov., C. levequei sp. nov., C. milleri sp. nov., C. sihvoneni sp. nov., C. wojtusiaki sp. nov. and d) in the constantinaria group: C. hiltae sp. nov., C. rougeriei sp. nov. One new subspecies is described: C. wojtusiaki septentrionalis subsp. nov. Two species are revived from synonymy: C. intermedia Dognin, 1914 stat. rev. and C. occulta Warren, 1904 stat. rev. The taxon hamaria Sperry, 1951 is transferred from being a junior synonym of C. constantinaria Oberthür, 1881 to being a junior synonym of C. occulta stat. rev. The taxon admirabilis Warren, 1904 is confirmed as being a junior synonym of C. paradisea Thierry-Mieg, 1904. The taxon languescens Warren, 1904 is confirmed as being a junior synonym of C. rosetta, Thierry-Mieg, 1904 and the taxon confluens Warren, 1905 is confirmed as being a junior synonym of C. balteata Warren, 1905. The status of the remaining species is not changed: C. aurata Warren, 1904, C. brenemanae Sperry, 1951, C. parrhasiata Guenée, 1858, C. flagrans Warren, 1904, C. fulvida Warren, 1907 and C. vicinaria Dognin. All here recognised 26 species are illustrated and the available molecular genetic information of 25 species, including Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for most of the taxa is provided. The almost threefold increase from 10 to 26 valid species shows that species richness of tropical moths is strongly underestimated even in relatively conspicuous taxa. Callipia occurs from medium to high elevations in wet parts of the tropical and subtropical Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina. The early stages and host plants are still unknown.
The Italian Renaissance has long been studied as a point of origin for "modern" ideas about art. This approach, which can be traced back to figures like Giorgio Vasari and Jacob Burckhardt, remains central in scholarship on Renaissance art to this day. For example, on the first page of a recent textbook on Italian Renaissance art, Stephen Campbell and Michael Cole begin by laying out two contrary views of the period. To Renaissance writers like Lorenzo Ghiberti, they explain, the Renaissance meant the rebirth of classical antiquity; "to others, however, it has seemed that the importance of Italian art after about 1400 lay not in its return to origins but in the emergence of something entirely new and characteristically modern - the idea of art itself." [...] While this outlook has certainly made a lasting contribution to Renaissance art history, it has also given rise to certain blind spots and misconceptions in the field. For example, it is often assumed that the word "art" underwent a radical change of meaning in the Renaissance, anticipating the later, post-Enlightenment notion of the "fine arts" as an autonomous field of creative activity. However, close readings of period texts often suggest the opposite.
Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 spiders are infamous for their medical importance, but a taxonomic picture of the genus is still far from complete. In this study, the Chilean species of Loxosceles are described and mapped. The males of Loxosceles surca Gertsch, 1967 and L. coquimbo Gertsch, 1967 are described for the first time. Three new species with narrow distributions are described from central and northern Chile: Loxosceles diaguita sp. nov. from the Antofagasta Region, L. pallalla sp. nov. from Coquimbo and L. vallenar sp. nov. from Atacama. The first two species are remarkable in their morphology and do not fit into any of Gertsch’s species groups, suggesting that Chile still harbours an undiscovered phylogenetic diversity of the genus. New distribution records for Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) are provided throughout Chile.
Two new species and one subspecies of Pharnaciini, belonging to two different genera, are described from Vietnam: one species and subspecies of Phryganistria Stål, 1875 and one species of Phobaeticus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907. Two species currently attributed to the genus Ramulus Saussure, 1862, Ramulus magnus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) and R. chinensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), are transferred to Baculonistria Hennemann & Conle, 2008 comb. nov. Phobaeticus longicornis Bi & Wang, 1998 and Phobaeticus yuexiensis Chen & He, 1993 represent the male and female of Baculonistria magnus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Baculonistria chinensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907). The genus Baculonistria now contains three species. Nearchus bachmaensis Ta & Hoang, 2004 is transferred to Phryganistria and the new combination Phryganistria bachmaensis (Ta & Hoang, 2004) comb. nov. is proposed. The species is redescribed and the authors’ attribution corrected, the egg is described and figured for the first time.
Phryganistria tamdaoensis sp. nov. is described and figured from both sexes and the egg. Females of P. tamdaoensis sp. nov. are easily recognised by the conspicuously enlarged lanceolate cerci, a character previously unknown in this tribe. The distribution range of Phryganistria heusii heusii (Hennemann & Conle, 1997) is extended to Tam Dao National Park. A new subspecies Phryganistria heusii yentuensis subsp. nov. is described from Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve from adult males and females and the eggs. Males can easily be distinguished from the nominal subspecies by their colouration. This huge subspecies represents the second longest insect recorded to date. A key to the species of the genus Phryganistria is provided. Phobaeticus trui sp. nov. is described from central Vietnam. It is the first species of Phobaeticus recorded from Vietnam. Adults of both sexes are illustrated.
The new genus Lobofemora gen. nov. is described from Vietnam to accommodate three new species: L. bachmaensis sp. nov. (Bach Ma National Park, central Vietnam), L. bidoupensis sp. nov. (Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, central Vietnam) and L. scheirei sp. nov., the type species (Cat Tien National Park and Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve, south Vietnam). It is provisionally placed in the tribe Clitumnini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893. The genus is the only known Clitumnini which shows tegmina and sometimes alae in the males. Females show conspicuous foliaceous lobes on the median femora. Males and females of all species and the eggs of L. scheirei sp. nov. and L. bidoupensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated. An identification key to the species and a distribution map are provided. The definition of the tribe Clitumnini sensu Hennemann & Conle (2008) is slightly adapted to include the new genus and the tribal placement is discussed. The male of L. scheirei sp. nov. is able to stridulate by rubbing the outer margins of the tegmina against the subcostal and radial veins of the alae.
The genus Otraleus Günther, 1935 is recorded from the Philippines for the first time. Four new species, Otraleus bellemansae sp. nov., O. applai sp. nov., O. christianae sp. nov. and O. elizabethae sp. nov., are described from the highlands of Northwestern Luzon. The characters allowing separation from O. hypsimelathrus Günther, 1935 and O. labanrataensis Soew-Choen, 2016, are given. A new genus closely related to Otraleus, Capuyanus gen. nov., is described with a single species, C. magwilangi sp. nov., as type-species. An identification key and distribution maps are provided for all species.
A third Supplement to the 1992 Catalog of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of the World (Wood and Bright 1992) is presented. This Supplement updates the taxonomy, distribution, and biology pertaining to these families of Coleoptera from 2000 to the end of 2010. A few 2011 taxonomic references are included in order to make the nomenclature as current as possible. The format of this Supplement differs slightly from the format of the original 1992 Catalog and the two previous Supplements. Only references relating to general biology, systematics and distribution were selected to be included. Tribal arrangement follows the scheme established in the 1992 World Catalog, with additions. Each genus is listed alphabetically under the current tribe and the species are listed alphabetically under the current genus. Additional information on figures, distribution, hosts, and references relating to the above are given. The bibliography used with this Supplement lists 580 references, most published from 2000 to the end of 2010. New synonymy proposed: Phloeotribus carinatus Burgos and Equihua, 2003 (= Phloeotribus ebeneus Wood, 2007). New combinations proposed: Phloeosinus kinabaluensis Bright to Hyledius; Phloeosinus phyllocladus Bright to Hyledius.
An argument is made for the retention of the family status of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae as members of the superfamily Curculionoidea. A new subfamily and tribal arrangement is proposed: SCOLYTIDAE comprising 13 subfamilies, Hylesininae, with 12 tribes, Hyorrhynchinae, with one tribe; Scolytinae, with one tribe; Hexacolinae, with one tribe; Cylindrobrotinae, with one tribe; Scolytoplatypodinae, with one tribe; Cactopininae, with one tribe; Carphodicticinae, with one tribe; Micracidinae, with one tribe; Crypturginae, with one tribe; Ipinae, with six tribes; Cryphalinae, with one tribe and Corthylinae, with two tribes and PLATYPODIDAE comprising three subfamilies, Coptonotinae, with three tribes; Tesserocerinae, with two tribes and Platypodinae, with one tribe.
The nine British and Irish species of Enicospilus are revised, mapped and an identification key provided. One species, Enicospilus myricae sp. nov., is described as new; Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) is a senior synonym of E. tournieri (Vollenhoven, 1879) syn. nov.; the only available name for E. merdarius auctt. is Enicospilus adustus (Haller, 1885) stat. rev., and a neotype is designated for Ophion adustus Haller, 1885. Enicospilus cerebrator Aubert, 1969 and E. repentinus (Holmgren, 1860) are newly recorded from Britain. Some host data are available for eight of the nine species.
First discovered in 1934 and described as a variety of Cicindela abdominalis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), the form floridana, to our knowledge, has not been recollected until we discovered it in 2007, south of the presumed type locality. From our examination of the type specimen, eight paratypes and 40 specimens from the new locality and additional study, we reinterpreted its status to be a full species. This interpretation is based on distinctive and consistent differences from the closely related Cicindelidia scabrosa (Schaupp). These differences include morphology (maculation, color and elytral microsculpture), distribution, habitat, and seasonality. We present here a more detailed description of this species within the genus Cicindelidia Rivalier, following Rivalier and Wiesner becoming Cicindelidia floridana (Cartwright) new combination.
As is well known, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder and what is considered beautiful is contextual. The itinerant symposium "Medicine, Beauty, and the Body: Materials, Texts and Artifacts" which took place from September 24 to 28, 2023 in Innsbruck, Salzburg and Vienna explored this topic in an interdisciplinary way and examined the intertwining of beauty, health and medicine from antiquity to early modern Europe. The event was a cooperation between the programme "Figurations of Transitions" of the inter-university institution Science and Art of the Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg and the University Mozarteum in Salzburg, Schloss Ambras and the Museumsverband Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. Not only the sheer diversity of sources in the field of historical beauty cultures became apparent, but also their circulation and transformation through time and space as well as their significance as social, political, religious, and economic variables. The practical approach of the event in particular showed new paths in the field of historical beauty studies.
We describe three new parastenocaridid: Cottarellicaris sanctiangeli Bruno & Cottarelli sp. nov., Stammericaris vincentimariae Bruno & Cottarelli sp. nov. and Proserpinicars specincola Bruno & Cottarelli sp. nov., collected in the pools of five different caves located in Calabria (Southern Italy). We conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial COI and ribosomal 18S sequences of C. sanctiangeli sp. nov. and S. vincentimariae sp. nov., and of four more species of Stammericaris and one Proserpinicaris available from literature. Based on the molecular study, the specimens of C. sanctiangeli sp. nov. are clearly separated from the species belonging to the closely-related genus Stammericaris. The morphological and molecular data indicate that the genera belonging to the two subfamilies Parastenocaridinae and Fontinalicaridinae form two monophyletic and distinct clades, thus supporting their status. We also provide insights on the genus Proserpinicaris based on morphological data only; in particular, the most important synapomorphic character of the genus, i.e., the taxonomic value of the hyaline structure inserted on the anterior surface of the male leg 4 basis, is discussed based on the development of the P4 endopod, as observed in the last copepodid stage of some species of this genus. Finally, we widen the biogeographic and ecological knowledge of the three genera.
This paper deals with the taxonomy and faunistics of the genus Diplommatina in Nepal. Altogether 16 species are reported, seven of which are new to science viz. D. abiesiana sp. nov., D. fistulata sp. nov., D. godawariensis sp. nov., D. maipokhariensis sp. nov., D. salgharica sp. nov., D. shivapuriensis sp. nov. and D. syabrubesiensis sp. nov. Information on nine previously reported species is provided: D. exserta Godwin-Austen, 1886, D. folliculus (L. Pfeiffer, 1846), D. miriensis Godwin-Austen, 1917, D. munipurensis Godwin-Austen, 1892, D. oviformis Fulton, 1901, D. pachycheilus Benson, 1857, D. regularis Fulton, 1901, D. silvicola Godwin-Austen, 1886 and D. sperata W.T. Blanford, 1862. Although D. canarica was once reported from Nepal, it is not treated here as it is an endemic of the Western Ghats. A dichotomous identification key for all Nepalese species is presented.
New host and geographic records are given from Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica for Megaplatypus exaratus (Blandford), previously reported only from three localities in Guatemala. Like most Platypodinae it is polyphagous and breeding hosts are reported from fi ve genera in four unrelated families. A redescription and updated diagnosis is included.
We present a preliminary checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) compiled for St. Eustatius, an island located in the Lesser Antilles of the eastern Caribbean. The list has nine species, including six that have not been previously documented on St. Eustatius. One species is exotic to the Caribbean, one species is found only on St. Eustatius and St. Kitts, and five species occur elsewhere in the Lesser and Greater Antilles. Two of the collected specimens could not be assigned to a species; their geographical distributions are unknown.
In order to consider the effects of online publishing on the career of researchers, as well as to encourage both its recognition and its improved positioning within the field and beyond, the CETAF Membership organized two workshops during which specific questions about scientific publishing in taxonomy were addressed: authorship citation and Open Access. The present opinion paper is the result of those workshops held on 19 October 2016 in Madrid and on 4 October 2017 in Heraklion. The discussions were aimed at reconciling the requirements of the relevant nomenclatural codes with recommendations for best practices that are adapted to the evolving landscape of e-publishing. By evaluating the different policies of a range of journals regarding authorship citation, we were able to recognise the conflicting and incoherent practices related to the citation of taxon authorships; an issue that is important to clarify for scientific (explicit source), practical (findability of source) and reputational (citation index) reasons. A collective policy on authorship citation also fits into the wider challenge faced by researchers and institutions, whereby interoperability and traceability become key priorities, both for facilitating access to scientific resources and for generating metrics that accurately represent the activities and output of the community. Publications resulting from publicly-funded research should be considered as an essential part of the research process and there has been a strong move towards Open Access, which increases visibility, citability, innovation and impact. Diverse models of Open Access have appeared in scientific publishing but while they each promote free access to the end user, they are not always equitable for the authors and funders of the original research. Herein we formulate recommendations for the relevant research communities and outline the advantages behind adopting a collective strategy towards the issues of authorship citation and Open Access.
Contributions to the knowledge of the mite genus Stigmaeus Koch, 1836 (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Turkey
(2017)
Based on the mite specimens collected within the scope of a study on Erzincan (Turkey) mite biodiversity, two species of the genus Stigmaeus are described and illustrated here: S. bifurcus sp. nov. as new to science and S. miandoabiensis Bagheri & Zarei, 2012 as a new record for Turkey. Some morphological abnormalities in the new species are noted. The deutonymph of S. miandoabiensis is described for the first time in this study. Discovery of this stage from soil and litter under Pinus sylvestris in Turkey adds more data to our knowledge of the species.
A new species of the genus Onychopygia Beier, 1962 Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) from the northern slopes of Los Cuchumatanes Mountains, Huehuetenango, Guatemala is described and illustrated. The morphological differences and peculiarities between O. panamensis Beier, 1962 and O. brachyptera n. sp. are discussed. The finding of this new taxon extends considerably into entral America our previous knowledge on the distribution of the Eucocconotini tribe. Finally we provide a revised taxonomic key to the Eucocconotini tribe.
The diversity of Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique) has been evaluated; this paper presents the first taxonomic effort devoted to sponges in the area, while studies of closeby areas are quite dated. Overall, 55 specimens were examined, leading to 26 described species; among these, four are new (Hyattella sulfurea Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., H. pedunculata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., Amphimedon palmata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov. and Phoriospongia mozambiquensis Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov.) and four (Chondrosia corticata Thiele, 1900, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aerizusa Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1984, Clathria (Thalysias) hirsuta Hooper & Levi, 1993 and Ciocalypta heterostyla Hentschel, 1912) are new records for the Indian Ocean. For Callyspongia (Euplacella) abnormis Pulitzer-Finali, 1993, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pulitzeri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 and Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905) this represents the first record after their initial discovery. The majority of the species have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, but species from South and East Africa have also been recorded. These data highlight the characteristic of Ponta do Ouro as a transitional zone, located between a tropical and temperate biogeographic province, as well as the importance of increasing biodiversity knowledge of this biogeographic border to monitor possible shifts in the area as a consequence of climate crisis.
A taxonomic revision of Panamanian species of the genus Dasymutilla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) is presented and a key for the six species is given, all recognized from both sexes. Dasymutilla colorado Cambra, Williams and Quintero sp. nov., from central and eastern Panama, is described and illustrated. Sex associations permitted us to make the following five synonymies: D. sleipniri Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under D. phya (Cameron, 1895) (female); D. deyrollesi Mickel, 1937 (male) and Sphaerophthama [sic.] temaxensis Cameron, 1895 under Dasymutilla araneoides (Smith, 1862) (female); D. ionothorax Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under Dasymutilla spilota Manley and Pitts, 2007 (female); and D. guanacaste Manley and Pitts, 2007 (male) under D. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1874) (female). Seasonal flight activity for Dasymutilla from six years of continuous malaise trappings in Barro Colorado Island is presented.
Following a taxonomic revision of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) from Northeast India based on 332 herbarium specimens, 38 species are confirmed to occur in the region, of which ten are endemic. One new species is described, Begonia koelzii R.Camfield sp. nov., in B. sect. Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC. One species is reduced into synonymy; B. barbata Wall. is now a synonym of B. thomsonii A.DC. Three species, B. difformis (Irmsch.) W.C.Leong, C.I Peng & K.F.Chung, B. labordei H.Lév. and B. handelii Irmsch., are reported new for India, and B. lushaiensis C.E.C.Fisch. is reinstated as an accepted species, having previously been synonymised under B. modestiflora Kurz. A key to the species in the region and preliminary conservation assessments are presented.
After the examination of a large collection of Oniscidea from caves in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pará, Sergipe and São Paulo, 12 species were recognized in the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae. Four new species are described: Alboscia jotajota sp. nov. from the Açungui group; Androdeloscia akuanduba sp. nov. and Amazoniscus spica sp. nov. from the Carajás Formation; and Metaprosekia igatuensis sp. nov. from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero karst region. In addition, Atlantoscia inflata, Benthana longicornis, B. olfersii, B. picta and Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Philosciidae) are recorded from Brazilian caves for the first time; and Benthana iporangensis, B. taeniata and Circoniscus bezzii (Scleropactidae) have the knowledge of their distribution extended to cave habitats.
A new species of Physoconops Szilady, P. (Pachyconops) weemsi, is described from Florida and Georgia. It is similar to two other species in the southeastern United States, P. floridanus Camras and P. brachyrhynchus Macquart, the main differential character being the shape of the female theca. The female thecae for all three are illustrated and a key to the three related Pachyconops species occurring in the southeastern United States is presented.
Dilatitibialis Duverger (61 species) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae: Coccidulinae; Hyperaspidini) is discussed, species described, illustrations provided, and a key to all recognized taxa included. Cleothera cognata Mulsant, Cleothera cruciferae Mulsant, Cleothera fuscomaculata Mulsant, Cleothera gaynoni Mulsant, Cleothera glyphica Mulsant, Cleothera jucunda Mulsant, Cleothera luteola Mulsant, Cleothera mulsanti Kirsch, Cleothera oseryi Mulsant, Cleothera poortmanni Mulsant, Cleothera scenica Mulsant, Cleothera semicincta Weise, Cleothera tropicalis Mulsant, Hinda guttipennis Weise, Hyperaspis carolinae Crotch, Hyperaspis ceciliae Crotch, Hyperaspis dilatata Crotch, Hyperaspis florifera Vogel, Hyperaspis gravabilis Brèthes, Hyperaspis hybridula Crotch, Hyperaspis laterinotata Brèthes, Hyperaspis silvani Crotch, and Hyperaspis suzannae Crotch are transferred to Dilatitibialis, becoming new combinations. Lectotypes are designated for D. boliviana, D. cognata, D. florifera, D. fuscomaculata, D. gaynoni, D. glyphica, D. gravabilis, D. guttipennis, D. luteola, D. jucunda, D. mulsanti. D. poortmanni, D. retigera, D. scenica, D. semicincta, and D. staudingeri. A total of 38 new species of Dilatitibialis are described: Dilatitibialis annie, D. carmen, D. cindy, D. connie, D. crystal, D. dawn, D. diana, D. edith, D. edna, D. elaine, D. ellen, D. emily, D. ethel, D. fallax, D. florence, D. gladys, D. grace, D. josephine, D. kim, D. lillian, D. lois, D. marjorie, D. norma, D. paula, D. peggy, D. phyllis, D. rita, D. robin, D. rosa, D. shannon, D. sheila, D. sherry, D. sylvia, D. thelma, D. tiffany, D. tina, D. tracy, and D. wendy. Corrections are made to titles of previous Parts of this series, as follows: South American Coccinellidae, Part XII (Gordon 2007) is changed to Part XIII; South American Coccinellidae, Part XII (Gordon et al. 2013) is changed to Part XIV.
Cyrea Gordon and Canepari (121 species) and Tiphysa Mulsant (2 species) are discussed, species are described, illustrations are provided, and a key to all recognized species is included. New synonyms recognized are:
Hyperaspis arrowi var. darwini Brèthes = Cyrea arrowi (Brèthes); Hyperaspis trivittata Weise, Hyperaspis mundula Weise = Cyrea emiliae (Mulsant); Cleothera scapulata Mulsant, Cleothera mercabilis Mulsant, Hyperaspis iheringi Weise = Cyrea flavoguttata (Mulsant); Cleothera gracilis Mulsant = Cyrea hexastigma (Mulsant); Cleothera triacantha Mulsant = Cyrea novemsignata (Herbst); Cleothera distinguenda Mulsant = Cyrea ormanceayi (Mulsant); Cleothera sexnotata Brèthes = Cyrea quinquenotata (Mulsant); Cleothera schaufussi Vogel and Hyperaspis adelaida Gorham = Cyrea tessulata (Mulsant). A total of 76 new species of Cyrea are described: Cyrea agnes, C. allison, C.alma, C. annette, C. arlene, C. audrey, C. beatrice, C. bernice, C. bessie, C. brittany, C. carla, C. charlene, C. claudia, C. colleen, C. constance, C. courtney, C. dana, C. dolores, C. dora, C. eileen, C. ella, elsie, erica, georgia, gertrude, gina, glenda, heidi, holly, ida, jackie, jeanne, jeannette, jessie, jo, C. joy, C. june, C. katie, C. kristen, C. laurie, C. lillie, C. lucille, C. lucy, C. lydia, C. marcia, C. marian, C. marion, C. marlene, C. mattie, C. maureen, C. maxine, C. melanie, C. melinda, C. minnie, C. natalia, C. nellie, C. pearl, C. pseudospinalis, C. renee, C. roberta, C. rosemary, C. samantha, C. stacy, C. stella, C. sue, C. tamara, C. tanya, C. tara, C. terry, C. vanessa, C. vera, C. vicki, C. viola, C. vivian, C. willie, C. wilma, C. yolanda, C.
yvonne. Lectotypes here designated for C. collaris, C. compta, C. distinguenda, C. exclamationis, C. fasciata, C. ferruginiceps, C. flavoguttata, C. iheringi, C. languida, C. maculosa, C. melaneura, C. mundula, C. noticollis, C. novemsignata, C. ormanceayi, C. ornaticolis, C. quinquenotata, C. renifera, C. schaufussi, C. sexguttata, C. spinalis, C. tessulata, C. trepida, C. triacantha
To date, six species of the Australian endemic millipede genus Boreohesperus have been recognized: all have highly localized distributions, consistent with being short-range endemic species, and all are from the Cape Range and Pilbara region of Western Australia. In this paper, we describe three new species, B. alcyonis sp. nov., B. psittacinus sp. nov., and B. vascellus sp. nov., each from a different island in the Kimberley region of north-western Australia.
Taxonomic revision of Brasiloniscus (Oniscidea, Pudeoniscidae) with description of a new species
(2018)
The Neotropical genus Brasiloniscus, erected by Lemos de Castro (1973), is revised and validated herein. The genus was originally described including two species, B. maculatus and B. verrucosus, but no type species was designated. According to § 13 of ICZN (1999) the name of the genus is therefore unavailable. Both species are redescribed, and B. maculatus is designated as the type species of the genus. The genus name will thus be available for the systematics of Oniscidea. In addition, a new species, B. littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on material from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
The external morphology of the thorax and abdomen of four species of Neotropical Hesperiidae, belonging to different tribes, are described and illustrated. The morphological characters traditionally used in the classification of the family are reviewed and new information is added with emphasis on the characters usually neglected in the classification and identification of Hesperiidae and Lepidoptera. The use of these characters, along with those commonly used in literature for the identification and taxonomy of the family, is discussed, aiming to contribute to comparative studies of morphology and taxonomy of this group.
The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences. It comprises a total of 1191 species, distributed among 3 superclasses, 4 classes, 42 orders, 212 families and 617 genera. If considering only the EEZ and present territorial waters, this list represents an increase of 230 species (27.8%) and of 238 species (29.0%), when compared to the information available in FishBase (2012) and in the last checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Portugal (1993), respectively. The order Perciformes shows the highest diversity, with 54 families, 162 genera and 299 species. Stomiidae (80 species), Myctophidae (71 species) and Macrouridae (37 species) are the richest families. From the listed species, 734 are present off mainland Portugal, 857 off the Azores and 766 off Madeira. Within the limits of the examined area, three species are reported for the first time in mainland Portugal and twenty-nine records are identified as doubtful. A total of 133 species have been recorded from the extended Portuguese continental shelf (2 off mainland Portugal, 117 off the Azores and 14 off Madeira), two of which are common to the Azores and Madeira extensions. Biogeographically, the Atlantic group is the most important (548 species – 46.01%), followed by the Lusitanian group (256 species – 21.49%), the African group (71 species – 5.96%), the Boreal group (34 species – 2.85%), the Mediterranean group (31 species – 2.60%), the Macaronesian group (21 species – 1.76%), the Atlantic/African group (19 species – 1.60%) and the Mediterranean/African and the Arctic groups, each with only 1 species (0.08%). Regarding the preferences for vertical habitat, the demersal fishes are the most important group (305 species – 25.61%), followed by the mesopelagic group (228 species – 19.14%), the bathypelagic group (164 species – 13.77%), the benthopelagic group (147 species – 12.34%), the bathydemersal group (115 species – 9.66%), the reef-associated group (88 species – 7.39%), the pelagic group (74 species – 6.21%), the epipelagic group (58 species – 4.87%) and 1 species (0.08%) of the benthic group. The oceanic habitat is the best represented group comprising 446 species (37.45%), followed by the shelf group (199 species – 16.71%), the slope group (164 species – 13.77%), the inner shelf group (89 species – 7.47%), the coastal group (70 species – 5.88%), the outer shelf group (29 species – 2.43%) and the oceanic/shelf group (7 species – 0.59%).
The vespid fauna of Greater Puerto Rico is reviewed (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Three new species are described, Ancistrocerus isla Carpenter, Euodynerus jeitita Carpenter and Genaro, and Omicron aridum Carpenter and Genaro. Polistes crinitus americanus (Fabricius, 1775) and P. crinitus multicolor (Olivier, 1792) are both reduced to synonyms of nominotypical P. crinitus (Felton, 1765), revised status; Zeta abdominale hispaniolae (Bequaert and Salt, 1931) and Zeta abdominale ornatum (de Saussure, 1855) are both reduced to synonyms of nominotypical Zeta abdominale (Drury, 1770), revised status; and Zethus rufinodus monensis Bohart and Stange, 1965, and Zethus rufinodus virginicus Bohart and Stange, 1965, are both reduced to synonyms of nominotypical
Zethus rufinodus (Latreille, 1806), revised status. Parancistrocerus obliquus (Cresson, 1865) is newly recorded
from Puerto Rico. The presence of Pachodynerus guadulpensis (de Saussure, 1853) in Puerto Rico is confirmed. An analysis of the composition of the Puerto Rican vespid fauna is presented.