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The author presents the concept of testimony in two different literary and theoretical backgrounds, namely the German and the Spanish-American. Testimonio and Zeugnis an not be mutually translated because the first is thought as a literary gender inside the literary tradition of mimesis/imitatio. Whereas the notion of Zeugnis was created in Germany on the grounds of Shoah literature, and was strongly impregnated by the psychoanalytical idea of trauma, and by the awareness of the simultaneous necessity and impossibility of the testimonial writing.
In view of the tremendous success of Victor Klemperer's diaries testimoning his personal experience as a Jew in Nazi Germany, this article discusses the specific contribution of witness literature to the knowledge of history. During the Holocaust period, in the face of death, true historical knowledge was essentially reduced to personal experience. Klemperer's clandestine journal exposes how the collective trauma affected everybody through the daily speech patterns, dictated by the Nazis' appropriation of the German language. In this memory of Alltagsgeschichte as a critical history of language can be seen the specific contribution of Literature of testimony. The function of Klemperers chronicle of 'Lingua Tertii Imperii' to develop the readers linguistic sensitivity, in order to enable them to reappropriate their language.
Der vorliegende Essay beschäftigt sich, aus einiger Distanz, mit jenem 'Dilemma des Zeugnisses', wie es von Giorgio Agamben und Jean-François Lyotard formuliert wurde: 'Die Mordopfer sind tot. Wer spricht für sie, wer soll das Verbrechen bezeugen?' Die Absicht dieses Beitrags ist es, einige aus meiner Sicht unglückliche Diskursarten, die in Verbindung mit diesem Dilemma stehen, zu kritisieren.