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L’introduction de cet ouvrage rappelle que l’un des critères plus ou moins explicites de différenciation entre la modernité et ce qui la précède et entre la démocratie et les formes traditionnelles d’exercice du pouvoir est précisément la place tenue par les rites, cérémonies et autres gestes significatifs par eux-mêmes. La cérémonie serait par essence plutôt surannée, vue d’une manière péjorative. Le Centre d’études médiévales de Berne (Berner Mittelalter Zentrum/BMZ) a rassemblé plusieurs chercheurs, dans les années 2005–2006, autour de ce thème. Les organisateurs présentent en introduction une riche problématique dans laquelle ils rappellent tout ce qu’ils doivent spécialement à Gerd Althoff et à Jean-Claude Schmitt. On signalera en particulier l’attention portée à l’histoire de l’art et à l’histoire religieuse dans un souci de cohérence globale. Les contributions viennent de spécialistes de différents domaines et sont regroupées sous différentes sections: »Méthodologie«, »Liturgie«, »Droit«, »Politique« et, enfin, une réflexion conclusive à partir de données linguistiques. ...
L’ouvrage est le fruit d’un colloque tenu les 30 juin et 1er juillet 2006 au Zentrum für Europäische Studien de l’université de Cologne. La corruption, vaste et universel thème par-delà les siècles, les continents, les États, les régimes politiques … Juristes, sociologues et politistes s’en sont emparés, plus que les historiens: citons Paul Veyne, Jakob van Klaveren, Jean-Claude Waquet et quelques secteurs bien documentés, la corruption dans l’Angleterre parlementaire, celle de la république de Weimar, instrumentalisée par les nazis, celle du régime nazi. L’universalité du phénomène, le champ très ouvert de ses manifestations doivent éviter la tendance à une généralisation facile; la corruption doit être contextualisée et datée avant que d’être conceptualisée. ...
Professeur émérite d’histoire médiévale à l’Université libre de Berlin, spécialiste d’Hugues de Saint-Victor et d’Henri le Lion, mais aussi de la société et de la culture médiévales, de l’Europe du haut Moyen Âge et de la France des Capétiens, l’auteur propose ici un petit livre qui fournit un excellent aperçu du devenir de la chevalerie entre les XI e et XV e siècles: origine, évolution et finalement déclin de l’ordo militaris dans l’espace européen. Il s’agit d’une belle approche d’une réalité et de ses représentations rituelles et symboliques, à travers notamment Hastings, les croisades, les joutes et les tournois. ...
Un nouvel ouvrage sur la période de l’unification allemande! Certains se demanderont si l’on peut encore écrire quelque chose d’intéressant sur un sujet aussi rebattu. Eh bien oui: de nombreux spécialistes ont été convoqués sur la question lors d’un colloque d’historiens qui s’est tenu à Dresde en 2008 et l’on trouve ici leurs 37 contributions. C’est une excellente synthèse. ...
L’histoire sociale du haut Moyen Âge occidental s’est longtemps intéressée, de manière pour ainsi dire exclusive, aux classes supérieures de la société, d’une part, et au système de domination de base, de l’autre. Les niveaux inférieurs de pouvoir, la variété des systèmes de domination et, par conséquent, la multiplicité des modes de relations unissant les hommes du haut Moyen Âge les uns aux autres ne se sont que récemment imposés comme autant d’objets de recherche fondamentaux. C’est donc dans une perspective relativement neuve et originale que s’inscrit la thèse consacrée aux communautés locales bavaroises entre les VIII e et X e siècles, soutenue par Thomas Kohl à l’université Johannes Guttenberg de Mayence en juillet 2008 et parue chez Thorbecke en 2010. ...
Arachnides N°60 (2011)
(2011)
Arachnides N°61 (2011)
(2011)
Bi Tirga
(2011)
Leonard Bi Tirga, son of a poor peasant, is a studious pupil. Due to shortage of finances, he has to leave school to make ends meet and pursue his studies. Leonard becomes a sweatshop labourer. As a young labourer, his life like that of his peers is hard. The pay rate is low and the work is hard. With his friends, they engage in trade union activism. A series of complicated and trying events reinforces their conviction to militate. Thus, Leonard and his friend Camille become Union leaders. Leonard's character trait and uprightness explains the book title, Bi Tirga. In the Moore language, this means a well educated, honest, hardworking, courageous and well-behaved youth.
Bruchia vogesiaca Schwägr. est une mousse présente dans 12 départements en France bien que non revue récemment dans 4 d'entre eux. Une douzaine de nouvelles localités du Massif central et des Vosges sont présentées dans la présente contribution. L'écologie de l'espèce est examinée sous l'angle des biotopes d'accueil. La stratégie du cortège d'espèces liées à Bruchia vogesiaca permet de mieux cerner la dynamique de l'espèce. Des préconisations de mesures de gestion sont énoncées sur ces nouvelles bases.
The dramatic sociopolitical crisis which befell Côte d'Ivoire in September 2002 gave birth to an unprecedented political zeal. Immigration, the other, ethno-nationalism, nationalism, patriotism, civil war, youth at risk - such are the words that describe the Côte d'Ivoire' situation. Attempts to explain the 'crisis' in this country, known in recent past as 'relatively peaceful', mainly happen through media 'sensationalism'. This translates at the same time the almost complete control of the scoop media which renders the understanding of the situation only possible through such outlets. The ability of media professionals to coin words through which social history is reflected upon has the effect of complicating the task of social and human sciences while also appearing as stimulating at the same time. Understanding complex situations is now a crossroad of confusion between the simple and the simplified. The challenge for social and human sciences is, therefore, to resume its rightful place by presenting social and political realities in their complexity. Contributions in this book attempt to rid simple words of their excessive simplification to enable an understanding of social and political ills as well as the sense of history. This book is to be taken as a look from within. The challenge here is to take a step back and disconnect the real from the surprising which prevents a deep analysis of realities emanating from a historical process that is relatively long. At the heart of that process resides the paradoxical re-invention of the self through violence, though in the name of democracy. The 2010 post-electoral crisis and the intensity of the violence which characterized it are once again a demonstration of the relevance of the violence-democracy paradox and the on-going exercise of objectivity.
Through her Letters written to Friends, to her opponents: priests, magistrates, politicians, including the king, Elizabeth Hooton leaves a captivating testimony of her fights for and of her activism in quest of the Truth, Freedom, Justice and equity for all as well as peace on earth and within the Quaker movement. Hers was a fight and quest far from any guided by egoism pure and simple or by personal interest. She was driven by her interest in the common good of all and everywhere. In History of civilizations we have actors who fade away unnoticed or at times are just ignored whereas their contributions to the said civilizations as small as they might be have contributed tremendously in shaping without doubt the same civilizations. Elizabeth Hooton falls within this category of people whose contribution to contemporary English civilization and above all to the feminist movement can be read between the lines of the fragments of these letters; she wrote to her Friends and to the political leaders of England during an era of great changes which radically transformed the English society i.e. 17th Century England. She expresses herself in very caustic terms as a way of affirming the rights to equality of the oppressed woman and other marginals of the society of her time. She anchors her fight on the axis of a universal and Universalist quest for equality, a Quaker ideal.
This book re-examines historical, ethnographic and anthropological productions in various spaces in Senegambia. Just like language, material culture in original forms is powerful in the transmission and affirmation of identity. Unfortunately, archeology has so far played a very minor role in this domain in Senegambia, as the discipline has been confined to the study of eras know as prehistoric and protohistoric, which are little known by story tellers and other traditional communicators. It is generally agreed that archeology generates more inclusive knowledge, given the fact that the essential source of identity for all societal strata is based on the production, consumption, rejection or recycling of material culture. This book democratizes knowledge generation by giving prominence to the social life and identities of ordinary individuals who are often invisible in written and oral sources.
L'Evad de K... derives from a true story. The story begins with a flash back showing the hero in jail. Cegalo, an adolescent, lives in a difficult family. His father is a kind of headsman unable to educate his son. He strongly believes in the virtue of violence as a means of educating. The son ends up in delinquency. Robbery of tourists, especially white men is his favourite activity. After a hold-up, he is arrested and kept in custody. Unable to control him, the prison authorities decide to send him to the famous Prison of K...This prison is the most secure of the country and nobody has ever escaped from it. In order to survive, many prisoners are condemned to eat all that they can find, even mice. The law in that jungle is 'kill before you are killed'. During a nightmare, his late grandmother appears and orders him to return to his village. It's the beginning of a fantastic and dreadful adventure. He decides to escape from the Prison of K... He succeeds and after covering 300 km on foot, disguised as a mad man to avoid policemen. His aim is quite simple. He wants to return to jail in order to be judged normally, according to the new penal procedure code in force. He kidnaps the Senior Divisional Officer, the Attorney at law and the prison chief and returns to the cell. After the judgement, he is set free. He reconciles with his parents and above all finds Rosy, his childhood love.
An analysis of natural resources in the Central African Republic has shown that the country has a strong national potential and a diversified ecosystem. However, the economy has drastically deteriorated over the years owing to mismanagement. As a result, people's welfare has become increasingly critical, reaching now the level of what can be called 'acute misery'. While studying issues of governance and the stabilisation of the economic system, this book pays a special attention to the analysis of the structural and contextual evolution of the economy of the Central African Republic. The study is a longitudinal assessment of the acts and undertakings spanning from the colonial times through 2003. A consideration of which tool to use to reach a particular economic goal requires, first and foremost, asking the question: 'If the goal is reached, are we capable of stabilizing the system?' This book is written as a guide for political decision making and a rational basis for economic policy making, through its analysis of the possible implications of instruments of target-oriented economic policy, the possible usage of rare resources, the costs of particular decisions, the sacrifice incurred by particular choices, etc. The major concern is about what the economist can bring in to prevent blind decision making: what rules can decision makers put in place to improve living conditions in the community.
Ousmane Semb ne started writing by 1952. The Black Docker, his first novel inspired by the Marseille experience was published in 1956 by Debresse. In 1957, Amiot Dumont published O Pays, mon beau Peuple, a caustic critic of the colonial plight. This second inaugural piece, clearly autobiographical and sentimental is followed up by a vast knowledge of the strike of the Dakar-Niger railway workers: God s Bits of Wood published in 1960 by Livre Contemporain. In 1961, Pr sence Africaine pulished his collection of short stories, Volta que, in 1964 the first volume of l Harmattan which is a replay of the 28th September 1958 referendum in black Africa and in 1966 Vehi-Ciosane followed by The Money Order. To this date with six published novels and a renown Cinematographer, Ousmane Semb ne with the help of his sharp pen and his critical and observant look decides to examine the fate that the new bourgeoisie and the administrative bureaucracy mete on the downtrodden of this ignominious beauty, Dakar, the Capital of an African nation in the wake of independence. Thanks to a money order that Ibrahima Dieng wants to cash, the film maker/writer takes this character through the urban administrative labyrinth, through neighbourly disputes and through family life in the neighbourhood, highlighting and pointing in passing the crossings, abuses, vices and vicissitudes which make up this segment of life, in every aspect, exemplary. The story unfolds with the arrival of a postman carrying a letter and a problematic money order; it ends on the image of the postman handing a letter to Dieng, when a woman carrying a baby on her back comes in and interrupts them to expose the origins of her misfortunes, asking for help.
The struggle for independence and the unity of African countries was at its peak during the period between 1945 and 1960. These testing times turned out to be the formative years of the young Amady Aly Dieng, and set the stage for an eventful life of commitment and challenges of all sorts for someone who ? along with other young African students, many of whom later became leaders of their respective countries ? integrated the leadership of student organizations in France, honing his militant skills at the forefront of the intellectual and political struggle for independence and the unity of the nascent sovereign nations. Amady Aly Dieng?s memoirs are primarily meant to inspire young Africans toward taking action towards true independence and development. These memoirs reflect the historic evolution of youth militancy in Africa and are to serve as an inspiration to leaders of Africa today and tomorrow.
The advent of formal independence in former French colonies in Black Africa meant the dawn of a new era: the struggle against neocolonialism. African students rallying around this struggle became new strangers and targets for expulsion out of France. The French government of the time resorted, therefore, to massive expulsions against their labour and political organizations. The implementation in 1956 of the Loi-cadre Gaston Defferre ? meant to divide up Black Africa under French dominion ? and the ensuing explosion of the two great AOF and AEF federations along with the cancellation of scholarship federal commissions will considerably weaken the Fédération des étudiants d?Afrique noire en France (FEANF) [African Student Federation in France] in favour of territorial sections. This meant that African governments were to take charge of their own students. In turn, the former used their embassies and scholarship territorial commissions to squelch those student organizations that were hostile to their collaboration with the French authorities. Among the repressive strategies were the cancellation of scholarships and grants to hotels and residences that were reserved for their students (La Maison de la Côte d?Ivoire, du Gabon, de la Haute Volta, du Congo, d?AOF), the creation of pro-government associations such as that of the Senegalese Progressive Union (UPS), the Student Movement for the African and Malagasy Organization (MEOCAM), and the National Union for Students of Côte d?Ivoire (UNECI). This marked the beginning of the decline of the Fédération des étudiants d?Afrique noire en France (FEANF). The worm had entered the fruit of unity with the implementation of the Loi-cadre.
L'article étudie les diverses façons de poser des questions partielles en Embosi (C25). D'une part, la langue possède deux ensembles de pronoms/déterminants interrogatifs: 1) nda/nde, nda renvoyant aux animés et nde aux non-animés, 2) des mots interrogatifs en accord de classe avec le nom qu'ils déterminent ou qu'ils remplacent, segmentalement homophones des démonstratifs. Ces deux catégories de marqueurs appellent des réponses de nature différente. Par ailleurs, deux ensembles de constructions sont possibles pour les questions partielles portant sur le sujet, l'objet direct ou indirect: les constructions avec relatives et les constructions in situ. Les questions partielles sur le lieu, la cause, la manière se posent avec des adverbes et n'admettent que les constructions in situ. Sur le plan prosodique, il n'y a ni intonation ni groupement prosodique spécifique pour les questions partielles en Embosi. Leur seule caractéristique prosodique est un ton H facultatif (variable selon les locuteurs) sur la finale du mot qui précède le mot interrogatif.
Re-thinking African Economies for Development is delivered in the particularly historic context of the fiftieth independence anniversary of most African countries. This moment, therefore, calls for an assessment and suggestions for new alternatives. African countries have been searching for models of development since attaining political independence. Taking cognizance of the fact that African economies are today stuck in an impasse, many innovative ideas are proffered by the contributors to this book for new development strategies. These ideas are essentially hinged upon the successful experience of countries in Asia and Latin America, and the need to reform the State and bring about development. African intellectuals are called upon in this book to rise up to their responsibility for the production of innovative knowledge that can be used by public and private sector decision makers to raise their communities out of poverty. In this publication, issues of industrialization and diversification of African economies are raised again to decry their limited specialization which exacerbates their vulnerability toward crises. This, to a large extent, is at the root of Africas marginal status in global trade. Special attention ought to be given to those thousands of micro-economy stakeholders who are actually the backbone of African economies. Regional integration is more and more seen as an imperative for economic development in the context of Africas small sized countries that often fall prey to a great deal of political instability. The issue of financing of development is re-visited, and new ideas are put forth to better channel foreign direct investment and public revenue towards building a more viable monetary and financial system.
This book on Professor Samir Amin retraces his family origins, intellectual itinerary, political struggles as well as his experience in economic policy formulation in Egypt, Mali and many other countries. The fundamentals which shaped Samir Amin's thinking, directed his life-long work and influenced his action spawned from his early discovery in high school of Marxism and Historical Materialism, used as a scientific analysis of the history of human societies. This book also highlights Samir Amin's invaluable contribution to the struggle against capitalism through his indefatigable fight to deconstruct the concepts that are used to disguise the true face of historical capitalism, which is nothing but an unabashed pursuit for accumulation and dispossession of dominated countries and peoples. Through a series of interviews with Samir Amin, the author unravels the poignant and great ideas which have been at the heart of his intellectual and political fight for the last half century. The author also provides a selection of texts which includes an exhaustive bibliography, with all published writings of Samir Amin in French. This rich work is meant for a large readership - students, researchers, teachers, political leaders and citizens who are interested in the phenomenon of globalisation and its impact on the so-called 'under-developed countries.
Rhynchostegium rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. a été récolté (herbier AU N° 8878) le 21/5/2011 à La Rolle, Forêt Domaniale de Guebwiller, parcelle 64, Lautenbachzell, Haut-Rhin, à une altitude de 825 m (Coord. Lambert 2 étendu : x = 954 632; y = 2 335 811). Le petit tapis formé par cette pleurocarpe à ramifications entrelacées s’étendait sur 30 cm² sur un bloc de grauwacke affleurant le sol à l’ombre d’une mégaphorbiée nitratophile (Chenopodium bonus-henricus L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Urtica dioica L. etc.).
Il existe sans doute peu d’histoire des relations entre deux aires culturelles qui suscite autant d’attention à l’heure actuelle que celle des relations entre « l’Occident » et le « monde musulman ». Elle montre particulièrement bien combien la période que nous qualifions communément de « Moyen Âge » influence les débats actuels. Certains phénomènes de cette histoire sont aujourd’hui si fortement enracinés dans l’imaginaire collectif qu’ils continuent à façonner de manière significative la représentation même de ces relations. C’est le cas en particulier de l’expansion arabo-musulmane, des croisades et de ce que l’on appelle la « Reconquista » : ces phénomènes n’évoquent pas seulement des images de fanatiques religieux, mais ils sont – les croisades notamment – ancrés si profondément dans notre pensée conceptuelle qu’ils sont considérés comme l’expression d’un antagonisme quasi épique entre deux civilisations, au fondement desquelles se trouvent une variante de monothéisme (chrétienté / islam) et une langue sur laquelle repose la vie intellectuelle (latin / arabe). ...