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Although there are many dialect speakers in Bavaria, the dialect - mainly because of its non-standardized spelling - is usually not used in common print media or on nationwide television. Nevertheless, the Bavarian dialect appears on Bavarian television (BR) and in cinema films. However, the Bavarian used on television or in films is frequently not a genuine dialect; instead it is a synthetic language which resembles the German standard and merely refers to the dialect. This is mainly due to the needs of non-dialect speakers, who would definitely have comprehension problems with the genuine dialect. Furthermore, the Bavarian dialect is often used on online platforms, such as Facebook or YouTube. In these conversational situations, face-to-face communication is replaced by written texts. In the case of dialect speakers, these texts can appear as written dialect; due to the non-standardized spelling, the texts are strongly individualized.
Mit der Fanfiction sieht sich die Mediävistik der Chance gegenüber, die Frage nach Entwicklung, Form und Dynamik einer Erzählliteratur, die mit der Unmittelbarkeit des direkten Austauschs veröffentlicht, rezipiert und bewertet wird, zu beantworten: Anders als im tatsächlich mündlichen face-to face-Austausch sind die Texte von Erzählung, Kommentar und Rückmeldung einer Geschichte im Internet zumindest einstweilen auf den Servern der Fanfiction-Webseiten gespeichert und stehen dort der wissenschaftlichen Analyse und Bewertung zur Verfügung. Es ist der Blick auf eine neue Form der Literaturentwicklung und -vermittlung, aber im Vergleich zugleich der Blick auf eine sehr alte Form des Erzählens, die nach jahrhundertelangem Pausieren wieder aktuell ist – zusammen mit dem Postulat ihrer adäquaten Erforschung: Für die Erforschung von Fanfiction als neuem Mediomythos scheint das mediävistische Verständnis von Erzählen und Wiedererzählen hochgradig relevant und die Mediävistik kann umgekehrt möglicherweise im Studium dieses postmodernen Phänomens in aller gebotenen Vorsicht Szenarien mittelalterlicher Erzählkultur modellieren.
Europe is a key normative power. Its legitimacy as a force for ensuring the reign of rule of law in international relations is unparalleled. It also packs an economic punch. In data protection and the fight against cybercrime, European norms have been successfully globalized. The time is right to take the next step: Europe must now become the international normative leader for developing a new deal on internet governance. To ensure this, European powers should commit to rules that work in security, economic development and human rights on the internet and implement them in a reinvigorated IGF.
In 1957, Craig Mooney published a set of human face stimuli to study perceptual closure: the formation of a coherent percept on the basis of minimal visual information. Images of this type, now known as “Mooney faces”, are widely used in cognitive psychology and neuroscience because they offer a means of inducing variable perception with constant visuo-spatial characteristics (they are often not perceived as faces if viewed upside down). Mooney’s original set of 40 stimuli has been employed in several studies. However, it is often necessary to use a much larger stimulus set. We created a new set of over 500 Mooney faces and tested them on a cohort of human observers. We present the results of our tests here, and make the stimuli freely available via the internet. Our test results can be used to select subsets of the stimuli that are most suited for a given experimental purpose.