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After The Tears
(2014)
Busi is pregnant with Parks' baby. Her granny is sick, there is no money for food, and her mother is still in Jozi. Her friends are supportive, but they don't understand how lonely it feels to be pregnant while they are out partying. She knows she should forget Parks, but she can't. So when he sends her an SMS telling her to meet him she goes - only to find out that he is not alone. And so Busi's life becomes more complicated than she can ever imagine.
It Takes Two
(2014)
FunDza celebrates young writers. Between June and December 2013, five of South Africa's best authors teamed up with five talented young writers to bring you this anthology of fast-paced, exciting short stories. From romance and heartache, to mystery and crime, these stories have something thrilling for every reader.
Bless me Father
(2014)
Bless Me Father is the true story of an incredible South African life. Born into a violent and broken family, and growing up in a variety of institutions, Cape Town based poet and writer Mario d'Offizi tells his remarkable, often shocking and ultimately inspiring life adventure - one that spans several decades in a country undergoing radical change. From his tough days at Boys Town to wild years in the advertising world, a stint in the restaurant business and a sharp edged journalistic adventure in the DRC, d'Offizi tells his critically acclaimed story with the unfailing sensitivity and warmth of a true poet.
In Search of Happiness
(2014)
Nana is fifteen when she travels from her village in the Eastern Cape to the city. She is overjoyed to be reunited with her family, even if they are living in a tiny shack. But she struggles to fit in at her new school, and she is shocked at the violence shown to Chino and Agnes, her Zimbabwean neighbours. When she and Agnes become close friends, and find love in unexpected places, Nana learns firsthand just how brutal ignorance can be and how hard it is to hold on to happiness.
The year 2013 marked 15 years of the phenomenal diplomatic relations between South Africa and China. Th e relationship between South Africa and China has been developing since diplomatic ties were established on 1 January 1998. Since then, South Africa-China's bilateral relations have undergone rapid and all-facet development. Th ere were frequent high level and other kinds of mutual exchanges between the two countries. Th e bilateral relations within the space of fifteen years have evolved from a Partnership to a Strategic Partnership, and then to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Furthermore, in the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, which was set out in the Beijing Declaration signed in 2010, the two countries expressed the desire to further strengthen and deepen cooperation in both bilateral and regional affairs by establishing a comprehensive strategic partnership based on equality, mutual benefit and common development. Th e agreements range from political dialogue, trade, investment, mineral exploration, manufacturing, and agriculture to joint efforts in the global arena, such as in the United Nations, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). In recognition of the aforementioned bilateral achievements, on 19 September 2013, an Ambassadorial forum was co-hosted by the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO), The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of South Africa, and the Africa Institute of South Africa Human Science Research Council (AISA-HSRC). The objective of the Ambassadorial Forum was to provide an opportunity for refl ections on the past and outlook on the future diplomatic relations between South Africa and China. This book presents the offi cial keynote addresses which provide strategic thinking and foresight into the bilateral relations between the two countries. Th e main substance of the book is a collection of the Ambassadorial Forum papers that were submitted. The papers evaluate economic and political progress from a national interest perspective. Progress is measured against variables such as trade growth, people-to-people development, partnerships, and the implementation of state agreements, all against the background of the theory of national interest.
This book addresses hot issues pertaining to the manner in which corporate South Africa has engaged the emerging green global economy. Firstly, the book profiles the green and low carbon economy landscape in South Africa and interfaces it with global trends. This way, the book aligns very well in terms of the Rio+20 outcomes on 'The Future We Want' that fully embraces the green global economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. The rest of the chapters in the book profile breakthroughs from selected companies. The book also comes as the second in a series that is addressing global and national concerns on the green global economy agenda. The first book entitled 'Green Economy and Climate Mitigation: Topics of Relevance to Africa' was produced as part of the 17th Session of the Conference of Parties' collaborative work carried out by the Institute of Global Dialogue, the Africa Institute of South Africa and Unisa's Institute for Corporate Citizenship. The book 'Breakthrough: Corporate South Africa in the Green Economy' comes in seven parts. Part I focuses on the Green Economy Landscape. This part considers both the international and national perspectives. Parts II-VI present different sector initiatives namely: Mining and Energy (Part II), Banking and Insurance (Part III), Forest and Paper (Part IV), Industrial (Part V) and Retailing and Aviation (Part VI). The last part is made up of a single chapter dealing with Emerging Issues and Way Forward.
This volume is an attempt to provide this intersectional and reflexive space. The thinking behind the book began in Lamu in mid-2010. It was a time when growing community resistance emerged towards the Kenyan government's plan to build a second seaport under a trans-frontier infrastructural project known as the Lamu Port- South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET). The editors agreed that a book that draws community activists, academics, researchers and policy makers into a discussion of the predicament of indigenous rights and development against the backdrop of the Endorois case was timely and needed. Assembled here are the original contributions of some of the leading contemporary thinkers in the area of indigenous and human rights in Africa. The book is an interdisciplinary effort with the single purpose of thinking through indigenous rights after the Endorois case but it is not a singular laudatory remark on indigenous life in Africa. The discussion begins by framing indigenous rights and claims to indigeneity as found in the Endorois decision and its related socio-political history. Subsequent chapters provide deeper contextual analysis by evaluating the tense relationship between indigenous peoples and the post-colonial nation-state. Overall, the book makes a peering and provocative contribution to the relational interests between state policies and the developmental intersections of indigeneity, indigenous rights, gender advocacy, environmental conservation, chronic trauma and transitional justice.
The quality of education is pivotal for the production of human capital and this cannot be compromised by failing to refocus on the quality of education offered in schools. The inputs in the system such as trained and motivated teachers, buildings and classrooms including sanitation, clean water, instructional material such as textbooks, as well as strong leadership with vision to steer the winds of change are important in providing the desired outcomes. The chapters in this volume are broadly divided into three subsections as follows: learner related issues, (farm and rural schools, poverty and schooling, school violence, and students rights); teacher related issues,(teacher morale and motivation, teachers for all schools, management needs of school principals); and administrative/policy related issues (inclusive education, and school community relations). The social demand for better schools, effective principals, qualified and committed teachers and better opportunities for all place a huge challenge to provinces and the state to protect the rights of all citizens. This volume sets out the challenges facing the education system in South Africa, such as poor school infrastructure, poor learning conditions, and a lack of learning materials and provides recommendations on how some of these can be overcome.
This book outlines perspectives of emerging and established African scholars on what one could describe as the debate on leadership and the articulation of the life of the mind in Africa's socio-economic, political and cultural life from the time of independence to date. The papers contained in the book cover the following thematic areas: Alternative Leadership Paradigm for Africa's Advancement; African Perspectives on Globalisation and international relations; Pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance; Scientific, Technological and Cultural Dimensions of African Development. The first section deals with alternative leadership paradigms for Africa's advancement. It also debates the 'thin line' separating management studies from leadership studies and untangles the hermeneutic complexities in the term 'leadership'. Section two examines among other things, the crucial challenge of globalisation and public ethics and others African perspectives. The section also interrogates the current complexities and credibility deficits in the global governance of trade and towards the end engages philosophical questions about conscience and consciousness in African development and progress. The debates in section three continue to section four and focus on the overall issues of language and liberation, the significance of Multi-, Interand Trans-Disciplinary Approaches in the analysis of the African continent, appropriate indigenous paradigms for promoting the African renaissance as well as a series of debates on the meaning and prospects of regional integration in Africa's renewal. This provides just a snapshot of a very wide ranging and interesting debate contained in the publication.
Building Peace from Within
(2014)
This book seeks to examine how successful models of building 'peace from within' in the African context function. It draws emerging lessons to provide critical recommendations on policy, practice and academia - our primary audience. While there are numerous examples of failures of conflict resolution in Africa, shown by intractable conflict axes, less attention is paid to successes. While acknowledging the challenges that exist, this edited volume provides positive examples of building peace from within in fragile contexts through many forms of initiatives and actions at different levels: community-based (through individual and/or collective local peace initiatives), government (through ministries and/or departments), and regional (through external and/or multilateral infrastructure for peace). As a guiding principle the notion of building peace from within draws from the idea of community regeneration, which describes voluntary and peaceful activities of grassroots actors that reflect their broader interests of building peaceful communities and existence.
This book employs the event of the Arab Spring revolution of 2011 to reflect on the event itself and beyond. Some of the chapters address the colonial encounter and its lingering reverberations on the African sociopolitical landscape. Others address the aftermath of large scale societal violence and trauma that pervade the African context. The contributions indicate the range of challenges confronting African societies in the postmodern era. They also illustrate the sheer resilience and inventiveness of those societies in the face of apparently overwhelming odds. What is the nature of political power in contemporary Africa as constituted from below instead of being a state driven phenomenon? What constitutes sovereignty without recourse to the usual academic responses and discourses? These two questions loom behind most of the deliberations contained in this book with contributions from an impressive field of international scholars.
This book foregrounds emerging and different perspectives on the centenary of the ANC which was celebrated in February 2012. Differing in tenor, methodology and style, we present nineteen chapters that tackle various epochs and events in the making of the centenary of the oldest political organisation in Africa. The book offers new angles to our understanding of what sustained the ANC over one hundred years in spite of all the internal and external contradictions. There is arguably a view that part of what distinguishes the ANC from other revolutionary movements in the continent is that from the turn of the twentieth century its founders prioritised national unity across tribal, ethnic, linguistic, religious, gender and racial identities. This ideal of national unity informed their responses to the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 and the declaration of the South African Republic in 1961. In principle, the leadership was opposed not to these manifestations of concrete nation state formation but to the practice of excluding the majority of South African citizens according to racial markers. As a contribution to the historiography of the ANC and that of South Africa which it was established to liberate, the book tackles the following critical questions: what traits in the ANC's genetic code have kept it alive for one hundred years? Is the ANC on course to meeting its historical mission of building an equitable, nonracial, non-sexist and socially-democratic society as articulated in the Africans' Claims, the Freedom Charter and the Strategy and Tactics documents? Finally, would the ANC continue to retain relevance for a bicentenary especially as it now contends with new internal and external contradictions in an increasingly unequally society and unipolar world order? This new hypothetical architecture, hopefully, will be employed by many others engaged in the study of the rise and fall of political organisations.
The book, the translation of Long Time Coming into Ndebele from English, brings together short stories and poems from thirty-three writers that provide snapshots of this turbulent period in Zimbabwe's history. Snapshots of living in a country where basic services have crumbled: where shops have no food, taps no water, banks no money, hospitals no drugs, bars no beer. Snapshots of characters surviving against seemingly insurmountable odds. Horrific snapshots of the abuse of power, of violence and oppression, of the destruction of dreams. But this is Zimbabwe and there are lighter moments and moments of hope: in some of life's simple pleasures, in the coming of the rains, in the wink and the smile of a stranger, in a challenge to patriarchy, in the inner strength of the people, in fighting back.
Textures
(2014)
The short stories and poems in this collection were written by students at King George VI School and centre for physically disabled children in Zimbabwe's second city, Bulawayo. HIV and AIDS have had a devastating effect on all the communities of Zimbabwe, and those with disabilities have not been exempt from the effects of the virus, as is reflected in many of the pieces in this collection. The book clearly demonstrates both the talent of the students and their concern about the issues facing their community and wider society. Some of the stories and poems tell the stories of their lives, some come straight from their imagination, and some simply speak of their dreams for a better future.
A dazzling collection from across the African continent and diaspora - here SHORT STORY DAY AFRICA has assembled the best nineteen stories from their 2013 competition. Food is at the centre of stories from authors emerging and established, blending the secular, the supernatural, the old and the new in a spectacular celebration of short fiction. Civil wars, evictions, vacations, feasts and romances - the stories we bring to our tables that bring us together and tear us apart.
The history of people with disabilities has been dominated by their isolation and exclusion. The long fight towards inclusion - and inclusive education in particular - started not many years ago. Most were powerless to control their own destiny. Their participation in society has been the object of other's actions. In many countries their disability policies have a substantial element of protection and charity but not the right to equalisation of opportunities. This book highlights the process of change that is underway internationally. The equalisation of opportunities requires new processes through which the various systems of society such as health services and education are delivered. It means the right for people with disabilities to remain in their communities and to receive the schooling and social supports they need within the ordinary structures available in local communities. Strong advocacy is needed for this to happen. In particular parents need to be empowered, communities mobilised and professionals trained in new ways of working: hence this book. Drawing on experiences in Africa, the book describes the issues to be considered when it comes to implementing inclusive strategies: the processes to be followed and the roles of different sectors, such as people with disabilities, parents, policy makers, educationalists, health and community development professionals and crucially, society at large.
Like in many parts of the world, water resources in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have been pivotal for human survival, economic growth, social development, and practicing certain religion and cultural ethos. However, in spite of the intrinsic values of water, its use and management in sub-Saharan Africa has not been without limitations. The demand for water resources is increasing mainly due to rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization and dealing with water-related issues has been complex and challenging for sustainable growth. Whilst there are various efforts by national governments, non-government organizations and communities to effectively and efficiently utilize and manage water resources, there are few comprehensive studies in sub- Saharan Africa that show the impact of the efforts on poverty reduction. Although certain reports indicate that many SSA countries lack clear vision on how water use can be harnessed with pro-poor growth and how poor communities can be capacitated to use water for poverty reduction, there are little exhaustive studies that clearly show familiar and innovative water use and management interventions followed by communities, national governments and other stakeholders, and demonstrate the challenges and successes of the same. Cognizant of the knowledge gap, in 2012 OSSREA launched a research project on ordinary and innovative water use and management patterns and practices in SSA, with a view to generate new knowledge on unexploited opportunities that could enhance the contribution of water resources to poverty reduction. This anthology documents various issues including water use and management in agriculture especially in irrigation projects in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe; water harvesting in Kenya and Uganda; the role of local water use institutions in Ethiopia; and water source maintenance and protection in Uganda.
Feathers in Reverse
(2014)
Feathers in Reverse is the ideal gift for a loved one who is scared of poetry. It engages and immerses readers with the luring subtlety of a serpent. Themes treated include good and evil, heaven and earth, man and woman, birth and death, urbanism and rural life, wealth and poverty. As much as the poet highlights salient issues and conflicts in everyday life, he suggests answers to burning problems as well. A common thread runs through the over 300 poems feathered and featured in this collection. The notion of the 'feather' is cross-cultural. It reminds us of the feather used as a pen in ancient Europe and the 'red feather' that is stuck on the caps of African notables as a mark of distinction. Feathers in Reverse is a magic pudding to be sampled, shared and indulged.
This book is the celebration of one man's vendetta against a cancerous regime that thrives on the rape of democracy and human rights abuses. Lapiro de Mbanga, born Lambo Sandjo Pierre Roger on April 7, 1957 was a conduit for social change. He fought for change in his homeland and died fighting for change in Cameroon. Lapiro believed in the innate goodness of man but also had the conviction that absolute power corrupts absolutely. He was noted for contending that 'power creates monsters.' His entire musical career was devoted to fighting the cause of the downtrodden in Cameroon. He composed satirical songs on the socio-economic dysphonia in his beleaguered country. In his songs, he articulated the daily travails of the man in the street and the government-orchestrated injustices he witnessed. As a songwriter, Lapiro de Mbanga distinguished himself from his peers through bravado, valiance and the courage to say overtly what many a Cameroonian musician would only mumble in the privacy of their homes. Lapiro's anti-establishment music led to his arrest and imprisonment in September 2009 for three years. Released from prison on April 8, 2011 he was later given political asylum by the USA. On September 2, 2012 Lapiro relocated with some members of his family to Buffalo in New York where he died on March 16, 2014 after an illness. His revolutionary music and fighting spirit live on.
From my friendships and loves are born the lines herein. My greatest desire is that we must learn to love to the best of our abilities and not better than the Best of our abilities. Requesting the latter would be demanding the impossible. For me, every heart is filled with goodness and love that only a positive posturing and channeling of their energies can warrant the transcendence of these terrestrial realities to flirt with their divine counterparts.
The essays collected together in this book reflect the author's varied experiences in the realms of politics and social struggle; he notes that they cannot be separated from his other experiences in his country, Egypt, over the years. These experiences extend from popular culture or folklore, through the wider political world of African liberation politics, to the Committee for the Defense of National Culture. This book is like a long trip through African culture from the 1950s to the beginning of the 21st century. These essays will most likely provoke a lot of memories, sweet and bitter; with maybe the bitter ones as the more lasting. The author notes that it appears as if the only relationship that seems to have mattered, for a long time, for the Egyptians with the rest of Africa was the river Nile, which joins the country to ten other countries, while a vast desert stands in-between. Such separation ignores the ancient relations between Pharaonic Egypt and the rest of Africa, and the role of Egypt in supporting many liberation movements on the continent. The author has set himself some tough questions in this book: Is it legitimate today to use race to sub-divide the African continent? Can this, moreover, be simply done as if race is ahistorical or an idealistic concept of identities? Or are we going to talk about Arabism in Egypt, Libya or Maghreb as if it were an identity gained with the advent of the Arabs, implying that these were 'lands with no people' - a sort of 'No Man's Land?' Or was this a fragile space that could not confront the invading empire? Or will Arabism equate with Bantuism or negroism sometimes, and Hausa and Swahili cultures at other times? These are the types of issues that Helmi Sharawy examines in this very important book. Experiences that inform this book began with the author's first encounter in March 1956, with some African youths who were in Cairo for higher studies or as representatives of liberation movements with whom he worked as an intermediary with the Egyptian national state, which work left on him an everlasting impression.
Im ehemaligen Arbeitszimmer von Rainer Maria Rilke im Turm von Muzot haben sich außer einem Teil seiner Bibliothek auch viele Reminiszenzen an den Dichter und aus des Dichters Besitz erhalten. Vor Jahren hat mir der Zürcher Japanologe
Cornelius Ouwehand zu jedem der Objekte mitgeteilt, was es damit für Rilke für Bewandtnisse hatte, in welchem Brief, in
welchem Gedicht diese kaum "Kunstwerke" zu nennenden Gegenstände auftauchen. Zu einer kleinen, zwischen zwei Gläser gerahmten indischen Malerei, die in der Ecke unter einem Wandschränkchen mittels einer Schnuröse an die Wand genagelt ist und mich besonders interessierte, wusste selbst dieser grosse Rilkiana-Sammler nichts zu sagen. Wir nahmen an, sie sei erst später vom Besitzer des Turms, von Werner Reinhart oder seinen Erben, hier befestigt worden. Nun ist dem aber vermutlich nicht so gewesen: Das hübsche indische Bildchen, das wir auf dem undatierten Foto "Rilkes Arbeitszimmer in Muzot" schon an der Stelle finden, wo es auch heute noch hängt, wird unter der nicht ganz zutreffenden, aber von Rilke selbst gewählten Bezeichnung "Tänzerin" in mehreren Briefen erwähnt.
The growing role of IT in real estate asset management – the appraisal process as a master sample
(2014)
FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDERS FACE SERIOUS PROBLEMS IF MANY OF THEIR CUSTOMERS LEAVE QUICKLY BECAUSE SUCH CUSTOMERS HAVE LITTLE LONG-TERM VALUE. STILL, CURRENT REPORTING PRIMARILY FOCUSES ON CURRENT PROFITABILITY THAT REPRESENTS THE SHORT-TERM VALUE OF THE CUSTOMERS. THE LONG-TERM VALUE TYPICALLY RECEIVES LITTLE ATTENTION. CUSTOMER EQUITY REPORTING PRESENTS A MEANS TO FOCUS ON THE LONG-TERM VALUE OF THE COMPANY'S CUSTOMERS. IT AVOIDS THE RISK THAT SHORT-TERM PROFITS ARE INCREASED AT THE EXPENSE OF LONG-TERM VALUE CREATION AND ITS CENTRAL METRIC, CUSTOMER EQUITY, SERVES AS AN EARLY WARNING INDICATOR FOR RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT FOCUS ON CUSTOMER LOSS.
Big data – more than a hype
(2014)
You reap what you sow! differences in knowledge exchange effectiveness between communication types
(2014)
FOR KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FINANCE INDUSTRY, AN EFFECTIVE KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AMONG EMPLOYEES IS CRUCIAL FOR THE COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE. THEREFORE, COMPANIES INCREASINGLY RELY ON SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION. TO ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION IN ENTERPRISE SOCIAL MEDIA, WE APPLY HUMAN CODING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS TO THE CONTENT AND TONE OF 15,505 ENTERPRISE MICROBLOGGING MESSAGES CREATED BY 1,166 EMPLOYEES OF AN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICE PROVIDER. OUR RESULTS SUGGEST THAT A MORE FACTUAL-ORIENTED COMMUNICATION TYPE BENEFITS FROM A HIGHER KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED TO A PRIMARILY SELF-DISCLOSING COMMUNICATION TYPE.
ALMOST 20% OF THE GERMAN POPULATION CURRENTLY HOLDS A CONSUMER LOAN. DESPITE ITS OBVIOUS IMPORTANCE FOR A PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD’S BALANCE SHEET, WE KNOW SURPRISINGLY LITTLE ABOUT IT. ONE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO GIVE AN OVERVIEW OF THE GERMAN CONSUMER/INSTALLMENT LOAN MARKET. WE COMPARED FIVE WIDELY ACCEPTED DATA SOURCES AND FOUND DIFFERENCES IN THE LOAN PARTICIPATION RATE, EVEN ON AN AGGREGATED NATIONWIDE LEVEL. IN A SECOND STEP, WE TRY TO FIND REASONS FOR EXTRAORDINARY HIGH GROWTH RATES AMONG SENIORS’ DEBT PARTICIPATION RATES.
ORGANIZATIONAL MINDFULNESS (OM) SUPPORTS THE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES WORKING IN THE INCREASINGLY DYNAMIC WORK ENVIRONMENTS DRIVEN BY CLOUD COMPUTING OR MOBILE DEVICES. SPECIFICALLY, IN MINDFUL ORGANIZATIONS, SUCH AS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, RELIABLE OUTCOMES ARISE FROM OM IN THE FACE OF COMPLEX INFORMATION SYSTEMS. HOWEVER, EXTANT IS RESEARCH HAS DISREGARDED THE MULTILEVEL STRUCTURE OF MINDFULNESS, ESPECIALLY THEIMPORTANCE OF MINDFUL ORGANIZING (MO) ON LOWER HIERARCHICAL LEVELS. BASED ON DATA FROM 256 USERS OF AN ORGANIZATION WIDE CLOUD-BASED DESKTOP-AS-A-SERVICE SYSTEM, WE FOUND A SIGNIFICANTLY POSITIVE INFLUENCE OF THE COMBINATION OF OM AND MO AS WELL AS DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS FOR BOTH ON JOB PERFORMANCE.
THE WAY IN WHICH PEOPLE COMMUNICATE AFFECTS THEIR RELATIONSHIPS, SOCIAL NETWORK STRUCTURES AND ULTIMATELY THE SOCIAL CAPITAL ACQUIRED THROUGH THEIR CONNECTIONS. SOCIAL CAPITAL IS A KEY FACTOR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS. THEREFORE, COMPANIES IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY INCREASINGLY IMPLEMENT SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION AMONG EMPLOYEES AND TO LEVERAGE THE SOCIAL CAPITAL BENEFITS. ANALYZING THE INDIVIDUAL NETWORK STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION TYPES, WE FIND THAT A MORE SELF-DISCLOSING COMMUNICATION TYPE (“MEFORMER”) BENEFITS FROM A HIGHER EFFICACY IN BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL COMPARED TO A PRIMARILY FACTUAL-ORIENTED COMMUNICATION TYPE (“INFORMER”).
Customer equity reporting
(2014)
WHARTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AT UNIVERSITY OF PHILADELPHIA HAS JUSTLAUNCHED AN 8-WEEK ONLINE PROGRAM “STRATEGIC VALUE OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS – ONLINE” TAUGHT BY MARKETING PROFESSOR AND AUTHOR PETER FADER. HE INVITED PROFESSOR SKIERA, DIRECTOR OF THE E-FINANCE LAB, TO PHILADELPHIA TO LEARN ABOUT HIS THOUGHTS ON “CUSTOMER EQUITY REPORTING”. THIS ARTICLE SUMMARIZES SOME OF PROFESSOR FADER’S QUESTIONS AND PROFESSOR SKIERA’S REPLIES.
DIGITAL CURRENCIES ARE A GLOBALLY SPREADING PHENOMENON THAT IS FREQUENTLY AND PROMINENTLY ADDRESSED BY MEDIA, POLITICS AND ACADEMIA. WE AIM AT GIVING EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS ON WHETHER USERS’ INTEREST REGARDING DIGITAL CURRENCIES IS DRIVEN BY ITS APPEAL AS AN ASSET OR ITS UTILITY AS A CURRENCY. BASED ON OUR EVALUATION, WE FIND STRONG INDICATIONS THAT ESPECIALLY UNINFORMED USERS APPROACHING BITCOIN ARE NOT PRIMARILY INTERESTED IN AN ALTERNATIVE TRANSACTION SYSTEM, BUT SEEK TO PARTICIPATE IN AN ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT VEHICLE.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an aberrant self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and a block in differentiation. The major therapeutic challenge is the characterization of the leukemic stem cell as a target for the eradication of the disease. Until now the biology of AML-associated fusion proteins (AAFPs), such as the t(15;17)-PML/RARα, t(8;21)-RUNX1/RUNX1T1 and t(6;9)-DEK/NUP214, all able to induce AML in mice, was investigated in different models and genetic backgrounds, not directly comparable to each other. To avoid the bias of different techniques and models we expressed these three AML-inducing oncogenes in an identical genetic background and compared their influence on the HSC compartment in vitro and in vivo.
These AAFPs exerted differential effects on HSCs and PML/RARα, similar to DEK/NUP214, induced a leukemic phenotype from a small subpopulation of HSCs with a surface marker pattern of long-term HSC and characterized by activated STAT3 and 5. In contrast the established AML occurred from mature populations in the bone marrow. The activation of STAT5 by PML/RARα and DEK/NUP214 was confirmed in t(15;17)(PML/RARα) and t(6;9)(DEK/NUP214)-positive patients as compared to normal CD34+ cells. The activation of STAT5 was reduced upon the exposure to Arsenic which was accompanied by apoptosis in both PML/RARα- and DEK/NUP214-positive leukemic cells. These findings indicate that in AML the activation of STATs plays a decisive role in the biology of the leukemic stem cell. Furthermore we establish exposure to arsenic as a novel concept for the treatment of this high risk t(6;9)-positive AML.
"Heiter und verteilt" : zyklische Ordnung und metrische Metamorphose in den Sonetten an Orpheus
(2014)
Die Sonette an Orpheus bilden ein poetisches Universum für sich, wie es schon der bestimmte Artikel – "Die Sonette" – sagt: Es gibt diesen einen Sonetten-Zyklus, der an Orpheus gerichtet ist; es gibt keine anderen Sonette an Orpheus. Eine verbindliche Deutung der zyklischen Komposition dieser Gedichte scheint bisher nicht gelungen zu sein, auch wenn ein äußerer Rahmen unschwer festzustellen ist: Die Sonette an Orpheus, "[g]eschrieben als ein Grab-Mal" für die frühverstorbene Tänzerin Wera Oukama-Knoop, bestehen aus einer Reihe von 55 Gedichten, die sich in zwei Gruppen aufteilt: in einen ersten Teil zu 26 und in einen zweiten zu 29 Sonetten. Beide Teile lassen eine Rahmung erkennen.
Mitteilungen
(2014)
Rezensionen verschiedenener Veröffentlichungen, u.a. 1) Blätter der Rilke-Gesellschaft 31 (2012). Hrsg. von Erich Unglaub und Jörg Paulus. Göttingen 2012; 2)Rainer Maria Rilke. Quarto. Zeitschrift des Schweizerischen Literaturarchivs 35 (2012). Verantwortlich für diese Nummer: Franziska Kolp in Zusammenarbeit mit Benedikt Tremp; 3) Rainer Maria Rilke: Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. Das Manuskript des "Berner Taschenbuchs". Faksimile und Textgenetische Edition. Hrsg. von Thomas Richter und Franziska Kolp. Mit einem Nachwort von Irmgard M. Wirtz. Göttingen 2012
1897/98 lernten sich Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926) und Anna von Münchhausen kennen. Ein engerer Kontakt zwischen Anna von Münchhausen und Rilke entstand durch den Sohn, der nach dem Abitur im November 1911 nach Paris ging und an der École de Droit sein Studium aufnahm. Thankmar besuchte den zeitgleich in Paris wohnenden Rilke zum ersten Mal im Mai 1913. Es entwickelte sich zwischen beiden ein freundschaftliches Verhältnis. Thankmar wurde einer der wenigen Freunde, mit denen sich Rilke duzte. In diesem Jahr setzt der Briefwechsel Rilkes sowohl mit Thankmar als auch mit dessen Mutter Anna von Münchhausen ein.
Unter den Schweizer Freunden Rilkes ist der Basler Historiker und Diplomat Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1891-1974) eine durchaus bemerkenswerte Gestalt. Die Entwicklung einer Beziehung zwischen dem jungen Mann aus Alt-Basler Familie und dem zunehmend vereinsamenden Prager Dichter zeigt auch der Briefwechsel zwischen beiden, der ganz im Kontext der "Schweizer Freunde" der zwanziger Jahre angesiedelt und zu lesen ist.
Rilkes Brief vom 30. Oktober 1926 an Eduard Korrodi (1885-1955), mit dem der Dichter seine Übertragung von Paul Valérys Prosatext "Tante Berthe" der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung zur Publikation anbot, mag manchen bekannt sein. Er befindet sich in Privat-Besitz, doch gelangte ein Teil davon aus einem Auktions-Katalog in die Rilke-Chronik. Der Adressat des Briefes hatte in Zürich und Berlin Germanistik studiert und 1912 mit einer Arbeit über Conrad Ferdinand Meyer promoviert. Von 1914 bis 1950 war er Feuilletonchef der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung. Obwohl Korrodi für eine weltoffene Schweiz eintrat, stand er literarischen Innovationen und der Emigrierung deutscher Autoren in den Jahren 1933-45 kritisch gegenüber, was bei einigen Intellektuellen auf Widerstand stieß. Mit Rilke, dessen Werk er schon früh kommentierte und dessen "Doppelzüngigkeit" er gegen Angriffe aus dem deutschen Sprachraum vehement verteidigte, verband ihn indes eine ungetrübte Freundschaft. Sie kam u. a. in seiner Grabrede und seiner späteren "Erinnerung an einen Dichter" zum Ausdruck. Hier der vollständige Inhalt von Rilkes letztem Brief an ihn, der im handgeschriebenen Original zwei Seiten einnimmt und die Unterschrift in einen schwungvollen "Kometenschweif" münden lässt.
Was lässt sich also vorerst über eine mögliche Rilke-Rezeption bei Thomas Bernhard sagen? Am ehesten kann man das Verhältnis der beiden Autoren darstellen, indem man Rilkes "Auftritte" in Bernhards Werk mit dem Dasein der verstorbenen Christine Brahe in Urnekloster vergleicht. Wäre er leibhaftig dort, er würde sich selbst sicherlich nicht in einem Spiegel erkennen, zu unterschiedlich sind Formen und Inhalte. Auch fehlt das Rilke-Portrait jedenfalls in Bernhards selbst gewählter Ahnengalerie. Es gibt allerdings einzelne Momente in den Texten, bei denen man vermeint, Rilke durch eine an sich "stets verschlossene Türe" in Bernhards Werk hineinschreiten zu sehen, gemessenen Schrittes geht er an den Figuren vorbei und verschwindet fast durchsichtig, fast unbemerkt wieder. Nur ein Geist, in dieser Welt gestorben und nicht mehr verlässlich zuhaus, ein Nachhall von einem vergangenen Zustand, dadurch aber dennoch, zumindest zwischen den Buchstaben, Zeilen und Seiten, zwischen den Buchtiteln und Klappentexten, vorhanden.
"Mais pourquoi, Madonna, ma pensée était-elle souvent inquiète de vous et sou-cieuse, bien que je fisse effort pour imaginer que vous étiez auprès de cette femme admirable, dont le visage s’est associé malgré moi dans mon âme au souvenir de grandes oeuvres d’art!" So heißt es in einem Brief, den Rilke Madeleine Annette de Broglie im August 1906 von der Sommerresidenz seines Gönners Karl von der Heydt aus zukommen ließ. Mit feiner Feder ist ihm eingeschrieben, wie die Adelige mit italienischen Wurzeln auf den Dichter gewirkt haben mag, sie, die "Madonna", wie Rilke sie nannte. Über mehrere Jahre – die Korrespondenz erstreckt sich von 1906 bis 1909 – stand Rilke mit ihr, deren zweite Ehe mit Prince Robert de Broglie 1906 gerichtlich für ungültig erklärt wurde, in Verbindung.
Der nachfolgende Beitrag behandelt den sprach- und kulturkritischen Impetus in Rilkes Gedichtsammlung "Aus dem Nachlaß des Grafen C. W.". Die Texte entstanden im November 1920 beziehungsweise im März 1921. Teils wegen Rilkes Distanzierung von diesem Werk, teils weil die Gedichtsammlung thematisch wenig Neues bringt, bildet "Aus dem Nachlaß des Grafen C. W." ein Desiderat der Rilke-Forschung, obwohl der Gedichtzyklus eine interessante Vorstufe zu den Duineser Elegien darstellt.
Die Sonette II 9 bis II 11 der Sonette an Orpheus werden in der Forschung als Gruppe bezeichnet. Man gibt der Gruppe gern ein Etikett, das diese Behauptung rechtfertigen soll. Die Argumente lauten "Neuzeit", "Modernisierungskritik" und
"Disparatheit der Welt". Allen gemein ist die Annahme eines Bezugs zu einer außerliterarischen Wirklichkeit.
Dem Sternbild in Rilkes Sonetten an Orpheus soll im Folgenden sich über die Formel der "Rettung der Phänomene" genähert werden. Das Motiv der Sterne sowie des Weltraums findet sich an zentralen Stellen innerhalb des Zyklus. Der Anordnung der Sterne zur Konstellation kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. In Rückbezug auf die antike Direktive der Rettung der Phänomene lassen sich so das erkenntniskritische Potenzial von Konstellationen sowie deren geschichtliche und poetologische Relevanz innerhalb der Sonette aufzeigen. Die Theorie Walter Benjamins wird hierfür die entscheidenden Termini bieten.
Rilke hat die Nähe des Mittelmeers biographisch und lyrisch immer wieder gesucht, wie in seltener Verschmelzung von Schreib- und Lebensraum die auf Schloss Duino an der Levante bei Triest anspielenden "Duineser Elegien" (1923) zeigen. Auch verdankt er dem Mittelmeer poetologische Impulse, die seine Lyrik seit den "Neuen Gedichten" (1907) prägen, etwa das Nachdenken über die fragile Beziehung zwischen dinglich-konkreter Anschauung und deren sprachlicher Entsprechung und Benennung. Das im Januar 1907 auf Capri entstandene "Lied vom Meer" bündelt derartige Impulse, um sie in der raffinierten Synthese sprachlicher Figuren zugleich auf den Prüfstand zu stellen.
Die Sonette an Orpheus sind in vieler Hinsicht verschlüsselt und treiben damit bestimmte Züge Rilkescher Dichtung auf einen Höhepunkt. In den hier behandelten zwei Sonetten wird die existentielle Fragestellung in poetologische Überlegungen überführt: in den "Übergangsjahren" zu den späten großen Zyklen experimentierte Rilke auch schon mit einer besonderen Natur- und Raumerfahrung bzw. mit der Setzung eines neuen Objekt-Subjekt-Verhältnisses, in dem ihre Übergänge und ihre gegenseitigen Wandlungen eine tastende Artikulation erfahren und damit die sich von konkreten Bezüglichkeiten immer mehr entfernenden Formulierungen, wie sie dann in den Sonetten an Orpheus auftreten, allmählich einleiten.
"In Wahrheit singen, ist ein andrer Hauch." Musik und Verwandlung in Rilkes "Sonetten an Orpheus"
(2014)
Die Nähe der Sonette an Orpheus zur Musik ist kaum zu übersehen. Schon der im Titel genannte Adressat des Zyklus bürgt für eine gewisse Musikalität. In Ovids Metamorphosen, die Rilke als literarische Quelle für den Orpheus-Mythos dienten, ist die Musik bekanntermaßen von zentraler Bedeutung: Tiere, Pflanzen und Steine versammeln sich, um dem orphischen Gesang zuzuhören, Orpheus bewegt durch seinen Gesang Hades und Persephone dazu, seine Frau Eurydike aus der Unterwelt freizugeben, und nachdem er von den Mänaden zerrissen wurde, musizieren Kopf und Leier weiter. Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, wenn Rilke in sämtlichen Sonetten, die an Orpheus gerichtet sind, also jeweils im Anfangs- und Endsonett beider Teile, die Musik bzw. den Gesang ins Zentrum rückt.
Die Gleichgültigkeit der Natur gegenüber der menschlichen Existenz wird bei Rainer Maria Rilke in seiner letzten Schaffensphase in der Schweiz mit einer ähnlichen Radikalität sprachlich-dichterisch kompensiert wie er früher das restlose Hineinbilden (nicht Abbilden!) der Welt in das Sprachkonstrukt nach den Vorbildern von Baudelaire, Rodin und Cézanne – um hier nur die wichtigsten zu nennen – vom eigenen Sprachinstrument forderte. Ich nehme an, daß Rilkes späteste Dichtung und Poetologie nur in engster Verbindung mit dem Konzept des Verzichts ausgelegt werden kann. Exemplarisch für die Poetik dieses lyrischen Ausgleichs im Kontext des spätesten Werkes ist die Sinnfigur der Fontäne, die Produktionsweise und Funktion der dichterischen Bilder illustriert und eine immanente Reflexion auf den Sinn und die Zielvorstellungen des dichterischen Schaffens enthält.
Poetik der Gelassenheit. Zur mystischen und poetologischen Fundierung von Rilkes Armut-Konzeption
(2014)
Blickt man auf Rilkes Künstlerbild des armen und unbehausten Mystikers, Mönchs und Propheten, wird das Wechselspiel von Armut und Reichtum im übertragenen Sinn bestimmend: In der Nachfolge Nietzsches kennzeichnen den heiligen Künstler einerseits sein Arm- und Verlassen-Sein und seine Demutsgesten; andererseits
erfährt er gerade im Zustand der Armut den inspirativen Anstoß für ein kreatives Wirken und durch seine reichhaltige, gottgleiche Kunstproduktion eine Nobilitierung.
"Des Armen Haus ist wie des Kindes Hand". Gefäß und Getränk oder Leere und Fülle in Rilkes Dichtung
(2014)
Die Kinderhand als das Bild für das "allerleiseste Empfangen", für das Offensein für einen Anspruch, den niemand herausfordern und niemand erwarten kann, hat eine Tradition in Rilkes Werk, das vor dem Stunden-Buch entstanden ist und es spinnt sich bis ins Spätwerk hinein fort. Die Gleichzeitigkeit von Leere und Fülle als von Gefäß und Getränk immer zugleich ist wohl nirgends so spielerisch und daher dauernd umgesetzt wie in den Sonetten an Orpheus, wo Wein, Kelter und
derjenige, der trinkt, alle eins und in sich doch unterscheidbar sind. Im Bekenntnis zum Hier darf die Unterscheidung nicht aufgegeben werden. Diese lebt aber vom Ununterschiedenen: die Erfahrung des Ununterschiedenen
als eine Erfahrung der "inspiratio" fasst Rilke mit der Gefäß-Metapher.
Der Goldregen im Park von Ulsgaard ist nicht nur eine ("schön blühende, giftige") Pflanze. In der bildenden Kunst (Tizian, Rembrandt, van Dyck, Klimt) ist die auf Ovid zurückgehende Geschichte der Königstochter Danaë oft dargestellt worden.
Die von ihrem Vater in einen Turm Verbannte wird von Zeus in Form eines Goldregens besucht und wird die Mutter des berühmten Helden Perseus. Rilkes Anlehnung an die mythische Tradition wird durch die kreative Anverwandlung besonders
gewinnend und die Begegnung der Liebenden erhält geradezu hintergründig eine erhebende Weihe. Der zurückhaltende Anschluss an den Mythos ist einer Erfahrung angemessen, die sprachlich allenfalls vergleichsweise ("wie"), im Kontrast ("nichts") oder als Möglichkeit ("vielleicht") fasslich erscheint. Die Begegnung von Mutter und Sohn am Fenster des Hauses in Ostia feiert Augustinus als Werk der göttlichen
Vorsehung, die Begegnung des Neffen und der Tante verklärt der Rilkesche Malte zu einem alle Erwartung übertreffenden aber willkommenen Glück: "Schöne, schöne Abelone." Die Deutung der Briefe als Liebesbriefe ergab sich für Malte nachträglich ("wie ich es jetzt sehe") und sie war die Konsequenz aus der Begegnung im Park schließlich.
André Gide, Rainer Maria Rilke, Franz Kafka und Robert Walser haben den verlorenen Sohn literarisch in der Moderne beheimatet: Gides "Le retour de l’enfant prodigue" erschien 1907, Rilkes "Legende vom verlorenen Sohn" 1909/10 als Schlusskapitel des "Malte Laurids Brigge" im Vorabdruck in der "Neuen Rundschau". Dort las Kafka den Text noch bevor der Roman im Mai 1910 im Inselverlag vorlag und ehe auch Rilkes Übersetzung von Gides "Rückkehr des verlorenen Sohns" 1913 erschien. Kafkas "Heimkehr" entstand im Winter 1923/24 in Berlin, blieb allerdings unpubliziert im Nachlass. Von Robert Walser sind zwei "Verlorene Söhne" überliefert: 1917
erschien eine "Geschichte vom verlorenen Sohn" in der "Neuen Zürcher Zeitung", 1928 das Prosastück "Der verlorene Sohn" im "Berliner Tageblatt". All diesen Texten ist gemeinsam, dass sie das biblische Gleichnis (Lukas 15,11-32) neu erzählen. Sie lösen Erzählverlauf, Erzählsituation und Handlungskette auf und knüpfen sie neu. Damit errichten sie jeweils unterschiedliche, von der Vorlage ganz verschiedene Bezüge
des Subjekts im Verhältnis zu seiner Umwelt. Die Versionen von Gide, Walser und Rilke sollen im Folgenden vergleichend betrachtet werden.
Zu dem Erzähltyp der Schulzeit-Erinnerungen, die sich als ungerufene Reminiszenzen aus der eigenen Ferne oftmals an markanten biographischen Zäsuren zu melden pflegen, trägt Rilkes im Spätsommer 1919 hoch zu Soglio im Bergell entstandene Prosastudie Ur-Geräusch (in der Notation mit einem Bindestrich zwischen beiden Wortbestandteilen) eine bemerkenswert technisch gehaltene Skizze bei, in deren
Mittelpunkt die eindrucksvolle Demonstration des seinerzeit neuartigen Abspielgerätes des Phonographen vor einer staunenden Schulklasse steht, welcher auch der
junge René Maria angehörte. Der vom Lehrer zu didaktischen Zwecken mit primitiven Mitteln nachgebaute Apparat, bei dem ein Stück Pappe, trichterförmig gebogen, an der Öffnung mit einer Membran verklebt und in der spitz zulaufenden Mitte mit der Borste aus einer Kleiderbürste bestückt worden war, konnte
sodann gegen eine mit Kerzenwachs bezogene Walze gerichtet werden und, den Schalldruck der erzitternden Membran aufnehmend und weitergebend, in das noch halbweiche Wachs rund um die sich drehende Walze bleibende Linien einkerben, um auf diese Weise tatsächlich Phonographie zu treiben, mithin nichts anderes als das Aufschreiben der erklungenen Stimme.
Zu Karl dem Kühnen gibt es sowohl einen Berner Bezug als auch einen Malte-Bezug. Der Schweizer oder Berner Bezug ist, daß der "Fall" Karls des Kühnen, sein "Untergang", wie es in den "Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge" heißt, entscheidend
vorbereitet wurde durch zwei Schlachten, die er gegen die Eidgenossen verloren hatte, bei Grandson und Murten, nicht weit von Bern, beide 1476. Im "Malte Laurids Brigge" spielen diese Schlachten zwar keine Rolle (auch die Schlacht
bei Nancy, von Anfang Januar 1477, die den Fall und den Tod Karls brachte, interessiert nur in ihren Folgen), es wird aber mit den "Hörnern von Uri" auf diese Ereignisse und deren zentrale Bedeutung angespielt. Der zweite Schweizer oder
Berner Bezug sind die Teile der Burgunder Beute, die mit dem Lager der Feinde bei Grandson in die Hände der Sieger gefallen waren und die zum Teil im Historischen Museum in Bern aufbewahrt werden.
Die französischen Gedichte Rilkes können trotz einiger Interpretationen, die ausschließlich die späteren Gedichte betreffen, noch weitgehend als oeuvre inconnue bezeichnet werden, dies gilt im besonderen Maße für die vor 1923 entstandenen Gedichte, die im Allgemeinen als wenig interessant gelten. Dass das 1920 in Bern entstandene Gedicht "Nénuphar" durchaus literarische Qualitäten hat, soll im Folgenden
gezeigt werden.
Die Bedeutung dieser Gegenstände ist an ihre Besitzerin geknüpft, nach ihrem Tod sind sie wertlos geworden. Malte setzt sich mit der für ihn schmerzlichen Notwendigkeit auseinander, dass sich demgegenüber das, was er schreibt, mit neuen Bedeutungen füllen wird, weil es etwas "Großes" ist, ein zusammenhängender Text, ein "Gewebe". Er selbst fühlt sich bei dieser Vorstellung "zerbrochen", denn dauerhaft scheint er selbst kein fester Teil seines Werks zu sein.
Dass Rilkes Besuche im Bernischen Historischen Museum nachvollzogen werden können, ist dem Umstand zu verdanken, dass auch dessen annotierter Museumsführer dank der Schenkung von Nanny Wunderly-Volkart ins Rilke-Archiv der Schweizerischen Nationalbibliothek kam. Dieser Führer durch das bernische historische Museum diente Rilke auf seinen Rundgängen durchs Museum.
Rilkes Leben in der Schweiz
(2014)
"Die Schweiz" ist im Zusammenhang mit Rilke zugleich ein großes und ein kleines Thema. Ein kleines Thema ist es, wenn man bedenkt, dass Rilke nur die letzten acht Jahre seines Lebens in diesem Land gelebt hat. Eben diese Jahre des Erfolgs und der Qual waren es aber auch, die für seine Größe entscheidend wurden, zumindest dann, wenn man davon ausgeht, dass alles Vorhergehende wie "Das Stundenbuch", "Das Buch der Bilder", ja sogar beide Teile der "Neuen Gedichte" und der große Roman "Malte Laurids Brigge", die "große" Arbeit nur vorbereiteten. Dies mag eine Überzeichnung sein; jedenfalls aber wird man sagen können, dass die Welt, die sich Rilke in der Schweiz erschloss, in vieler Hinsicht Neuland für ihn war.
Im Zentrum des vorliegenden Bandes der Rilke-Blätter stehen Beiträge, die auf der Tagung der Internationalen Rilke-Gesellschaft im September 2012 in Bern und im Rahmen des Rilke-Treffens 2013 in Freiburg i. Br. vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Die Vorträge, Workshops und Gespräche, die hier als Essays, Abhandlungen und Berichte eine weniger flüchtige Gestalt finden, sind stets auch eine Chronik der Begegnungen und zugleich Erinnerung an diese stimmungsvollen Zusammenkünfte. In Bern stand der Bezug zu Rilkes Aufenthalten in der Stadt an der Aare und insgesamt zur Schweiz im Mittelpunkt, die Beiträge junger Rilke-Forscher, die auf Kurzvorträge der Berner Tagung zurückgehen, kreisen um das Thema des Verzichts und der Armut. Das Freiburger Treffen stand in allen Sektionen ganz im Zeichen der Sonette an Orpheus. Hier und in den weiteren Beiträgen, im Dokumentationsteil und in den Rezensionen, soll, so der Wunsch der Herausgeber, die methodisch und inhaltlich breite Aufstellung der Rilke-Forschung deutlich werden, aber auch das weite Feld philologisch noch nicht oder nur vorläufig erschlossener Dokumente wird dabei erkennbar.
Orientation: Publishing methodologically sound, empirically based studies in reputable accredited scientific journals are essential in order to advance knowledge and evidence-based practice in the field of industrial and organisational psychology.
Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to conduct a broad content analysis of the articles published in the South African Journal of Industrial Psychology (SAJIP) between 2004 and 2013. The study aimed to provide a descriptive overview of the most frequent content themes,published authors and institutions, research approaches, strategies, designs and analysis techniques, software packages and sample sizes in industrial and organisational (I-O) psychology utilised in the publications.
Motivation for study: The periodic analyses of published content in scholarly journals provide an index of the extent to which the publications reflect the scope of practice in a given discipline and broaden insight into the direction and relevance of research published in a journal.
Research design, approach and method: A broad systematic content analysis was conducted of 342 documented articles published in the SAJIP between 2004 and 2013. Descriptive data(frequencies and percentages) were used to report the findings.
Main findings: The publishing pattern of the SAJIP appeared to correspond with its focus and scope. Manuscripts utilising mostly cross-sectional quantitative correlational research designs with large samples (n > 201) were published in the SAJIP. The University of Johannesburg and Professor Sebastiaan (Ian) Rothmann were the largest contributors to publications between 2004 and 2013. Organisational psychology and psychometrics were the most prominent domains in I-O psychology research. Data were predominantly processed utilising SPSS.
Practical implications: The insights derived from the findings can be employed to plan future research initiatives in the field of I-O psychology.
Contribution/value-add: The findings provide valuable insight into the current status of the foci of I-O psychology research as published in the SAJIP between 2004 and 2013 and the contribution made by the SAJIP to advancing knowledge and evidence-based practice in I-O psychology.
Este artigo aborda criticamente alguns conceitos referentes ao vínculo entre racionalidade, abstração e poder, tomados em contraste com a noção de mímesis, tal como Adorno e Horkheimer concebem na Dialética do esclarecimento. Partindo da diferenciação de quatro conceitos de esclarecimento, procuramos demonstrar o caráter inadequado da equalização entre esclarecimento e exercício violento e ideológico do poder, mostrando como o conceito de abstração, que nos parece servir de base para o primeiro capítulo daquela obra, permite delinear melhor a cisão entre as formas de conhecimento miméticas e as que lhe sucederam, tomando como ponto de partida a concepção mítica grega arcaica.
В статті проаналізовано основні ідеї представників Франкфуртської школи, а саме: Т. Адорно, М. Хоркхаймер, Г. Маркузе, Е. Фромм. Опираючись на основні дослідження та основоположні філософські праці представників Франкфуртської школи, зроблена спроба виокремити основні причини становлення неототалітаризму, та тоталітарних режимів у ХХ столітті. Встановлена взаємозалежність між Просвітницькою діяльністю та міфологізацією свідомості; визначена роль культури у цьому процесі. Окреслено роль ідеологічної системи, як однієї з форм соціальної міфології. Встановлена закономірність між «щасливою свідомістю» суспільства споживання і ефективним укоріненням міфів та ідеологічних систем у масову свідомість суспільства ХХ ст. Актуальність статті зумовлена тим, що необхідність критичного осмислення становлення культури тоталітарних країн сьогодні стає очевидною. Усвідомлення того, що суспільна свідомість пострадянських країн досі керується міфологемами, що були створені та впроваджені тоталітарною культурою, змушує нас серйозно вивчати проблематику міфологізації свідомості та ідеологічного впливу. Тому позбавлення від упереджень та перехід до нового витка демократичної свідомості неможливий, без вивчення основ становлення масового суспільства та функції культури в ньому. Більше того, без виявлення чинників, що зумовили конструювання західної цивілізації, неможливе не тільки рішення глобальних проблем сучасності, але й сам перехід на якісно інший виток соціально-культурного розвитку.
Mannov román Doktor Faustus. Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkühn erzählt von seinem Freunde (Doktor Faustus. Život nemeckého skladateľa Adriana Leverkühna rozprávaný jeho priateľom, 1947) je jeden z najznámejších literárnych diel 20. storočia. Základom jeho vzniku bolo stretnutie T. Manna s filozofom a muzikológom T. W. Adornom v americkom exile počas 2. svetovej vojny. Mannov román je poetizáciou a narativizáciou, či literarizáciou a fikcionalizáciou Adornovej hudobnej teórie a estetiky ako ich nachádzame v rôznych Adornových prácach, najmä v knihe Philosophie der neuen Musik (1949).
Mannov román Doktor Faustus. Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkühn erzählt von seinem Freunde (Doktor Faustus. Život nemeckého skladateľa Adriana Leverkühna rozprávaný jeho priateľom, 1947) vznikol v úzkej spolupráci spisovateľa Th. Manna a Th. W. Adorna. Adorno bol Mannovi nielen odborným konzultantom v otázkach dejín hudby, hudobnej estetiky a hudobnej teórie, ale bol do istej miery aj spoluautorom románu: hudobné analýzy a charakteristiky skladieb ktoré sa viažu na fiktívne románové postavy hudobníkov Kretzschmara a Leverkühna, ako aj na Mefista, pochádzajú od Adorna. Špecifickým problémom románu v tomto zmysle je „fiktívna hudba“. Adorno vytvoril fiktívne hudobné skladby fiktívneho skladateľa Leverkühna, podľa Mannových predstáv. Východiskom tejto literárnej fikcie boli skladby A. Schönberga, I. Stravinského a G. Mahlera. Mannove/Adornove fiktívne skladby sú predmetom pozornosti v analýzach Mannovho románu, a sú témou aj tejto štúdie.
Štúdia Fiktívne hudobné kompozície Th. W. Adorna v románe Thomasa Manna „Doktor Faustus“vychádza z autorovej staršej štúdie Theodor W. Adorno a román Th. Manna ´Doktor Faustus´. In: Slovenské pohľady, č. 7-8, 2013, roč. 129, s. 136-147.
O trabalho pretende discutir o duplo caráter das obras de arte a partir da obra de Theodor W. Adorno. Pretende-se examinar os argumentos sustentados pelo autor sobre o caráter social das obras, principalmente, no caso da música, em que se pode percebercomo o desenvolvimento do próprio material musical expressa as aporias encontradas na sociedade. Por meio de uma crítica dialética, modo pelo qual as obras de arte respondem às contradições da sociedade, colocando-se, assim, como força de resistência à reificação, quanto a influência negativa que sofrem, porexemplo, no contexto da indústria cultural. Além disso, o artigo pretende se dedicar à reflexão sobre a autonomia das obras de arte, qualidade que as mantém fechadas, desenvolvendo-se apenas segundo leis formais internas, sem que atendam a uma função social. É nesse sentido quese coloca a exigência de uma determinada forma de recepção dasobras, orientada não pela fruição, mas pela possibilidade de interpretar seu teor de verdade. Assim, a dialética presente no modo como as obras se relacionam com a sociedade torna possível concebê-las como possibilidade de crítica à realidade e de resistência à reificação.
Neste artigo, pretende-se apontar para uma tensão dialética entre o racional e o irracional, entre o conceito e o não conceitual, atualizando o sentido do não idêntico. Essa atualização configura-se na necessidade de potencializar uma filosofia da educação crítico-formativa com base na perspectivada “expressividade estética”. A questão que se coloca é a seguinte: como podemos compreender o sentido do não idêntico, a partir das necessidades de uma educação crítico-formativa e das condições para efetivá-la no âmbito das reflexões filosófico-educacionais? Desse modo, faz-se uma breve incursão no que consiste o papel da dialética negativa do filósofo Theodor W. Adorno para se pensar o sentido da “razão” (ou das razões) na perspectiva do “não idêntico”. Partindo disso, busca--se apontar as possibilidades da crítica imanente adorniana, cujo escopo manifesta na dialética do sofrimento no âmbito do capitalismo. Por fim, pretende-se assinalar e discutir a potencialidade da “expressividade estética” do não idêntico, articulada com algumas possibilidades para a educação no contexto atual.
O presente artigo pretende sustentar que o diagnóstico adorniano sobre perda da experiência qualitativa do tempo no expressionismo de Schoenberg pode ser desdobrado a partir da mobilização de dois conceitos da musicologia: o trabalho temático e a harmonia tonal. Ambos os conceitos estão associados a procedimentos compositivos em virtude dos quais logrou-se, na música anterior ao expressionismo, uma continuidade temporal que obedecia a uma necessidade, isto é, não contingente, ou fortuita. A dissolução da continuidade temporal na obra expressionista de Schoenberg é, portanto, resultado do abandono destes mesmos procedimentos.
Esse estudo se propõe à análise do processo teórico que compreende a crítica habermasiana ao projeto moderno da <em>Aufklärung</em> em vista do estabelecimento dos pressupostos de uma teoria da razão comunicativa como pragmática linguística responsável pela re-significação da dimensão emancipatória da razão. No entremeio desse processo, analisaremos os modos como Habermas estrutura sua crítica, desde o questionamento da filosofia da consciência à proposição do desvelamento do potencial comunicativo da razão, destacando também as aproximações e distanciamentos teóricos do mesmo em relação à primeira geração da Escola de Frankfurt.
Este texto trata da leitura crítica de Jürgen Habermas da Dialética do Esclarecimento e do esgotamento do programa emancipatório de Horkheimer e Adorno. Elucida como a Dialética do Esclarecimento desemboca no impasse de uma crítica auto-referencial/totalizante da razão(I); Quanto esta crítica auto-referencial deve satisfação à Nietzsche, e quais os caminhos propostos por Nietzsche e Horkheimer & Adorno para sair desse impasse (II); E a crítica de Habermas à posição de Horkheimer & Adorno (III). Os textos-base são O discurso filosófico da modernidade (cap. 5: “O entrosamento entre o mito e o iluminismo: Horkheimer e Adorno”) e Teoria de la acción comunicativa (cap. 4: “De Lukács a Adorno: racionalização como reificação”).
Säkularisierung
(2014)
Blumenbergs Kritik an der Kategorie der Säkularisierung hat schon zu Lebzeiten große Aufmerksamkeit erfahren und wird bis heute mit seinem Namen verbunden. Sie betrifft verschiedene für Blumenbergs Werk zentrale Problemzusammenhänge: die Deutung der Neuzeit ebenso wie die Logik historischer Entwicklungen, die Erörterung rhetorischer Funktionen von Theorie ebenso wie die Selbstbehauptung gegen den theologischen Absolutismus. Im weiteren Sinn steht Blumenbergs Krititk der Säkularisierung dabei im Kontext der in der Forschung höchst kontrovers diskutierten Frage, welche Bedeutung seiner gleichermaßen konstanten wie kritischen Bezugnahme auf die religiöse Tradition und auf theologische Diskurse für sein Denken zukommt.
Ende
(2014)
Das Ende ist einer der Orte, an denen sich bei Blumenberg verschiedenen Argumente und Diskurse auf höchst spannungsreiche Weise verbinden und an denen sich daher zeigen lässt, dass sein Denken nicht in der einen oder anderen These aufgeht, sondern gerade auf die Verbindung abzielt. Wenn er etwa einmal seinen eigenen Ansatz als "Phänomenologie der Geschichte" charakterisiert, so zeigt die Frage nach dem - zugleich denknotwendigen und unzugänglichen - Ende der Geschichte, wie wenig selbstverständlich jene Zusammensetzung von Phänomenologie einerseits, Geschichte andererseits ist. Sie impliziert nicht nur, auch nach dem Ende der Geschichtsphilosophie über das Ganze der Geschichte nachzudenken, sondern emphatisiert auch die Erinnerung als die zentrale Fähigkeit, mit der eigenen Endlichkeit umzugehen.
This paper analyzes two contemporary, „third-generation“ perspectives within critical theory - Nancy Fraser’s and Axel Honneth’s - with the aim of examining the degree to which the two authors succeed in grounding the normative criteria of social critique in the perspectives of ’ordinary’ social actors, as opposed to speculative social theory. To that end, the author focuses on the influential debate between Fraser and Honneth Redistribution or Recognition? which concerns the appropriate normative foundations of a „post-metaphysical“ critical theory, and attempts to reconstruct the fundamental 29 disagreements between Fraser and Honneth over the meaning and tasks of critical theory. The author concludes that both critical theorists ultimately secure the normative foundations of critique through substantive theorizations of the social, which frame the two authors’ „reconstructions“ of the normativity of everyday social action, but argues that post-metaphysical critical theory does not have to abandon comprehensive social theory in order to be epistmologically „non-authoritarian“.
Impairment in past tense production as well as interaction between tense and aspect have been found in both fluent and non-fluent aphasia (e.g. Dragoy & Bastiaanse, 2013). Inflection has been found to be relatively preserved in semantic dementia (SD) (Thompson et al., 2012). The aims of the present study are a) to compare the morphosyntactic abilities of patients with aphasia and SD in tense and aspect marking and b) to explore the interaction of lexical (+/- telic) and grammatical (perfective/imperfective) aspect in aphasia and SD. A sentence completion task was administered to 30 native speakers of Greek: 10 patients with aphasia (6 anomic, 2 Wernicke and 2 agrammatic), 10 age and education-matched controls, 5 patients with SD and 5 controls. The material consisted of unergative, unaccusative and transitive verbs (12 of each verb class) and the participants had to apply present (imperfective) and past (perfective) tense. Unergative and unaccusative verbs differ in terms of their aspectual properties with the unergative being [-telic], and unaccusative [+telic]. Transitive verbs vary. A principal distinction between the tested conditions was the standard ummarked combination ([+telic] verbs in past perfective and [–telic] verbs in present imperfective) vs. the marked one ([+telic] verbs in present imperfective and [–telic] in past perfective). Both control groups performed at ceiling in all conditions. Aphasic participants were significantly more impaired than the control group in all conditions. SD participants were significantly more impaired than the controls only in the production of present tense (M-W U= 1.5, p= 0.024). There was no difference between past perfective and present imperfective for neither group, but there was an interaction between verb class and tense for the aphasic participants, as performance in unaccusative verbs in past perfective (unmarked condition) was significantly better than in unergatives in past perfective (marked condition) (Z=2.512, p=0.012) but performance in unaccusatives in present imperfective (marked condition) was significantly worse than performance in unergatives in present imperfective (unmarked condition) (Z=2.680, p=0.004). In sum, aphasic participants performed significantly better in the unmarked than in the marked conditions. Such an interaction was not found for the SD group. Aphasic participants performed significantly worse than the SD subjects in past perfective tense (M-W U= 7.5, p=0.029) in total, and the difference was significant only for unaccusative verbs (M-W U= 6.5, p=0.021), although both groups performed very well in this condition. There was no difference in present, neither for each verb class separately nor for the total score. A general past tense deficit cannot be upheld for either group. Rather, SD participants appear relatively impaired in producing present tense. We argue for slight morphosyntactic impairment in SD, although with a different underlying cause than in aphasia. Moreover, our data suggest an effect of aspectual markedness in aphasia but not in SD. We discuss this finding in the light of the different neuropathology of the two populations.
La revitalització de les grans religions: un repte per a l’autocomprensió secular de la modernitat?
(2014)
La vitalitat de la religió ha conduït a un qüestionament de la tesi que vincula la modernització i la secularització. Cal, doncs, repensar el mateix significat de la “modernitat” per tal d’adaptar-la a l’escala mundial. A l’hora de dur a terme un diàleg intercultural ja no es pot confiar en un suposat universalisme de la raó. La raó secular no pot pretendre establir els criteris de la racionalitat sense prendre en consideració també altres tradicions, com les que beuen de la religió. Es planteja, doncs, la pregunta si el pensament postmetafísic por aprendre alguna cosa de les tradicions religioses i si per fer-ho cal que s’hi relacioni de manera agnòstica.
Este artículo presenta algunos de los debates y posiciones teóricas que caracterizan la tradición sociológica conocida como Teoría Crítica. Por lo tanto, explora el pensamiento de Max Horkheimer y Theodor Adorno, ambos vinculados a su origen; las críticas y las propuestas realizadas por Jürgen Habermas; y, después, las elaboradas por su sucesor, Axel Honneth. Por último, traeremos las formulaciones de este último autor en el libro “La lucha por el reconocimiento: la gramática moral de los conflictos sociales”, que se ocupa de elementos importantes para la comprensión de los movimientos sociales en el siglo XXI. Y, como tratan de argumentar, mantiene viva, en una forma actualizada, los propósitos actuales del origen de la Teoría Crítica.
Em alguns de seus trabalhos Talcott Parsons descreveu o estabelecimento das sociedades modernas como um processo de diferenciação de diversas esferas de reconhecimento recíproco. Neste texto eu uso a teoria social do reconhecimento de Parsons para examinar características de conflitos sociais recentes. Começo expondo a descrição que Parsons fez das lutas por reconhecimento ocorridas nas sociedades altamente industrializadas de sua época. Depois tomo a concepção de Parsons sobre conflitos por reconhecimento normativamente orientados para indicar tendências que levaram a uma gradual erosão das estruturas de pacificação social postuladas por Parsons nas últimas décadas do século 20. Descrevo as consequências iniciais dessa desintegração como uma “barbarização” dos conflitos sociais. Por barbarizado entendo um estágio da sociedade em que as lutas por reconhecimento social escalaram e se tornaram anômicas, uma vez que não podem mais ser resolvidas nas esferas sistêmicas estabelecidas de negociação. Este texto revela a importância do conceito de reconhecimento para a teoria social ao acompanhar Parsons na análise de transformações estruturais que atualmente emergem em resposta a conflitos sociais. Resumo do editor.