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This study evaluates whether the short version of the German LITMUS quasi-universal nonword repetition task (LITMUS-QU-NWR) can be used as an index test for monolingual and early second language learners (eL2) of German aged 8 to 10 years. The NWR taps into quasi-universal phonological knowledge via the so-called language-independent part and into language-specific phonological knowledge via the language-dependent part. Thirty-six monolingual and thirty-three eL2 learners of German, typically developing (TD) and diagnosed as language-impaired (DLD), participated in the study. The effects of the language group (Mo vs. eL2) and the clinical status (TD vs. DLD) on repetition accuracy are investigated by a logistic mixed-model analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and likelihood ratios are calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the two parts. The group comparisons showed significant effects of the clinical status but not of the language group. The ROC analyses and the likelihood ratios reveal better diagnostic values for the language-dependent compared to the language-independent part and almost similar diagnostic values for the monolingual and the eL2 group. The results indicate that the LITMUS-QU-NWR helps to disentangle DLD and DLD in monolingual children and eL2 learners aged 8 to 10 years.
Background: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare, immune-mediated neurological disorder. In adults, the pathogenesis can be idiopathic, post-infectious or paraneoplastic, the latter etiology belonging to the ever-expanding group of defined paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS). In contrast to other phenotypes of PNS, OMS cannot be ascribed to a single pathogenic autoantibody. Here, we report the first detailed case of paraneoplastic, antibody-negative OMS occurring in association with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET).
Case presentation: A 33-year-old female presented with a two-week history of severe ataxia of stance and gait, dysarthria, head tremor, myoclonus of the extremities and opsoclonus. Her past medical history was notable for a metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, and she was subsequently diagnosed with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Further workup did not reveal a paraneoplastic autoantibody. She responded well to plasmapheresis, as she was refractory to the first-line therapy with corticosteroids.
Conclusions: This case expands current knowledge on tumors associated with paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and the age group in which it can occur. It further adds evidence to the effectiveness of plasmapheresis in severe cases of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with a lack of response to first-line therapy.
The ALICE Collaboration measures the production of low-mass dielectrons in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The main detectors used in the analyses are the Inner Tracking System, Time Projection Chamber and Time-Of-Flight detector, all located around mid-rapidity. The production of virtual photons relative to the inclusive yield in pp collisions is determined by analyzing the dielectron excess with respect to the expected hadronic sources. The direct photon cross section is then calculated and found to be in agreement with NLO pQCD calculations. Results from the invariant mass analysis in p-Pb collisions show an overall agreement between data and hadronic cocktail. In Pb-Pb collisions, uncorrected background-subtracted yields have been extracted in two centrality classes. A feasibility study for LHC run 3 after the ALICE upgrade indicates the possibility for a future measurement of the early effective temperature.
Structured management programs have been developed for single diseases but rarely for patients with multiple medications. We conducted a qualitative study to investigate the views of stakeholders on the development and implementation of a polypharmacy management program in Germany. Overall, we interviewed ten experts in the fields of health policy and clinical practice. Using content analysis, we identified inclusion criteria for the selection of suitable patients, the individual elements that should make up such a program, healthcare providers and stakeholders that should be involved, and factors that may support or hinder the program’s implementation. All stakeholders were well aware of polypharmacy-related risks and challenges, as well as the urgent need for change. Intervention strategies should address all levels of care and include all concerned patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and stakeholders, and involved parties should agree on a joint approach.
We investigate the thermodynamic geometry of the quark-meson model at finite temperature, T, and quark number chemical potential, μ. We extend previous works by the inclusion of fluctuations exploiting the functional renormalization group approach. We use recent developments to recast the flow equation into the form of an advection-diffusion equation. We adopt the local potential approximation for the effective average action. We focus on the thermodynamic curvature, R, in the (μ,T) plane, in proximity of the chiral crossover, up to the critical point of the phase diagram. We find that the inclusion of fluctuations results in a smoother behavior of R near the chiral crossover. Moreover, for small μ, R remains negative, signaling the fact that bosonic fluctuations reduce the capability of the system to completely overcome the fermionic statistical repulsion of the quarks. We investigate in more detail the small μ region by analyzing a system in which we artificially lower the pion mass, thus approaching the chiral limit in which the crossover is actually a second order phase transition. On the other hand, as μ is increased and the critical point is approached, we find that R is enhanced and a sign change occurs, in agreement with mean field studies. Hence, we completely support the picture that R is sensitive to a crossover and a phase transition, and provides information about the effective behavior of the system at the phase transition.
Zielsetzung: Ziel der Studie ist die Frage, ob es möglich ist, einen Kommunikationskurs für ca. 400 Studierende erfolgreich in ein Blended Learning-Format (asynchrone Theorievermittlung/digitaler synchroner Praxisteil) umzustellen. Hauptfokus war dabei die Beurteilung des subjektiven Lernzuwachses und die Frage, inwiefern die Bedeutung des Themas Kommunikation und Gesprächsführung online abgebildet werden kann. Die Betrachtung erfolgt auf Basis von Evaluationsergebnissen der Studierenden und Dozierenden dieses Kurses.
Methodik: Die Studierenden des vierten vorklinischen Semesters aus dem Jahr 2020 wurden durch einen Selbsteinschätzungsbogen zu Beginn sowie durch eine Evaluation nach Abschluss des Kurses befragt. Zusätzlich wurden die Rückmeldungen der Dozierenden zum Kurs ausgewertet. Um die Ergebnisse vergleichen und mögliche Unterschiede feststellen zu können, wurden die entsprechenden Selbsteinschätzungs- und Evaluationsergebnisse der vorangegangenen zehn Jahre (in Form von Präsenzkursen) herangezogen.
Ergebnisse: Im Onlineformat wurde ein deutlicher subjektiver Lernzuwachs angegeben, der höher ausfiel als in den Vorjahren in Präsenz. Die Eignung des Onlineformats wurde von Studierenden sowie Dozierenden eher kritisch bewertet, während die Kursatmosphäre positiv gesehen wurde. Die Relevanz ärztlicher Gesprächsführung wurde im Onlineformat insgesamt besonders gut bewertet.
Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der Evaluationsergebnisse werden die Erfahrungen mit dem Blended Learning-Format auch in Zukunft in das Kommunikations-Curriculum des Medizinstudiums der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt einfließen. Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass das Erlernen ärztlicher Gesprächsführung online gut möglich ist. Daher kann dieses Format für zukünftige neue Konzepte empfohlen werden.
The photoelectric effect describes the ejection of an electron upon absorption of one or several photons. The kinetic energy of this electron is determined by the photon energy reduced by the binding energy of the electron and, if strong laser fields are involved, by the ponderomotive potential in addition. It has therefore been widely taken for granted that for atoms and molecules, the photoelectron energy does not depend on the electron’s emission direction, but theoretical studies have questioned this since 1990. Here, we provide experimental evidence that the energies of photoelectrons emitted against the light propagation direction are shifted toward higher values, while those electrons that are emitted along the light propagation direction are shifted to lower values. We attribute the energy shift to a nondipole contribution to the ponderomotive potential that is due to the interaction of the moving electrons with the incident photons.
The ALICE experiment at the LHC investigates the properties of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. By comparing the particle production in pp and p-Pb collisions, possible nuclear initial state effects can be isolated. Measurements of the ω meson pT-spectra in pp and p-Pb collisions not only allow for a determination of the nuclear modification factor RpPb, but also provide insight into the fragmentation process and serve as vital input for decay background simulations for direct photons. In this contribution, measurements of the ω meson production in pp and p-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV are presented. This includes the signal extraction and various corrections of the ω meson yields, leading to their production cross sections and the first measured nuclear modification factor RpPb of the ω meson at LHC energies.
Objectives: To assess the impact of noise-optimised virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI+) on image quality and diagnostic evaluation in abdominal dual-energy CT scans with impaired portal-venous contrast.
Methods: We screened 11,746 patients who underwent portal-venous abdominal dual-energy CT for cancer staging between 08/2014 and 11/2019 and identified those with poor portal-venous contrast.
Standard linearly-blended image series and VMI+ image series at 40, 50, and 60 keV were reconstructed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of abdominal organs and vascular structures were calculated. Image noise, image contrast and overall image quality were rated by three radiologists using 5-point Likert scale.
Results: 452 of 11,746 (4%) exams were poorly opacified. We excluded 190 cases due to incomplete datasets or multiple exams of the same patient with a final study group of 262. Highest CNR values in all abdominal organs (liver, 6.4 ± 3.0; kidney, 17.4 ± 7.5; spleen, 8.0 ± 3.5) and vascular structures (aorta, 16.0 ± 7.3; intrahepatic vein, 11.3 ± 4.7; portal vein, 15.5 ± 6.7) were measured at 40 keV VMI+ with significantly superior values compared to all other series. In subjective analysis, highest image contrast was seen at 40 keV VMI+ (4.8 ± 0.4), whereas overall image quality peaked at 50 keV VMI+ (4.2 ± 0.5) with significantly superior results compared to all other series (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Image reconstruction using VMI+ algorithm at 50 keV significantly improves image contrast and image quality of originally poorly opacified abdominal CT scans and reduces the number of non-diagnostic scans.
Advances in knowledge: We validated the impact of VMI+ reconstructions in poorly attenuated DECT studies of the abdomen in a big data cohort.
In the deep-sea, the interaction between benthic fauna and substrate mainly occurs through bioturbational processes which can be preserved as traces (i.e., lebensspuren). Lebensspuren are common features of deep seafloor landscapes and usually more abundant than the organism that produce them (i.e., tracemakers), rendering them promising proxies to infer biodiversity. The density and diversity relationships between lebensspuren and benthic fauna are to the present day unclear and contradicting hypotheses have been proposed suggesting negative, positive, or even null correlations. To test these hypotheses, in this study lebensspuren, tracemakers (specific epibenthic fauna that produce these traces), degrading fauna (benthic fauna that can erase lebensspuren), and fauna in general were characterized taxonomically at eight deep-sea stations in the Kuril Kamchatka Trench area. No general correlation (over-all study area) could be observed between diversities of lebensspuren, tracemakers, degrading fauna and fauna. However, a diversity correlation was observed between specific stations, showing both negative and positive correlations depending on: 1) the number of unknown tracemakers (especially significant for dwelling lebensspuren); and 2) the lebensspuren with multiple origins; and 3) tracemakers that can produce different lebensspuren. Lebensspuren and faunal density were not correlated. However, lebensspuren density was either positively or negatively correlated with tracemaker densities, depending on the lebensspuren morphotypes. A positive correlation was observed for resting lebensspuren (e.g., ophiuroid impressions, Actinaria circular impressions), while negative correlations were observed for locomotion-feeding lebensspuren (e.g., echinoid trails). In conclusion, lebensspuren diversity may be a good proxy for tracemaker biodiversity when the lebensspuren-tracemaker tandem can be reliable characterized; and lebensspuren-density correlations vary depending the specific lebensspuren residence time, tracemaker density and associated behaviour (rate of movement), but on a global scale abiotic and other biotic 42 factors may also play an important role.
In the deep sea, interactions between benthic fauna and seafloor sediment primarily occur through bioturbation that can be preserved as traces (i.e. lebensspuren). Lebensspuren are common features of deep-sea landscapes and are more abundant than the organisms that produce them (i.e. tracemakers), rendering lebensspuren promising proxies for inferring biodiversity. The density and diversity relationships between lebensspuren and benthic fauna remain unclear, and contradicting correlations have been proposed (i.e. negative, positive, or even null correlations). To approach these variable correlations, lebensspuren and benthic fauna were characterized taxonomically at eight deep-sea stations in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area, together with two novel categories: tracemakers (specific epibenthic fauna that produce these traces) and degrading fauna (benthic fauna that can erase lebensspuren). No general correlation (overall study area) was observed between diversities of lebensspuren, tracemakers, degrading fauna, and fauna. However, a diversity correlation was observed at specific stations, showing both negative and positive correlations depending on: (1) the number of unknown tracemakers (especially significant for dwelling lebensspuren); (2) the lebensspuren with multiple origins; and (3) tracemakers that can produce different lebensspuren. Lebensspuren and faunal density were not correlated. However, lebensspuren density was either positively or negatively correlated with tracemaker densities, depending on the lebensspuren morphotypes. A positive correlation was observed for resting lebensspuren (e.g. ophiuroid impressions, Actiniaria circular impressions), while negative correlations were observed for locomotion-feeding lebensspuren (e.g. echinoid trails). In conclusion, lebensspuren diversity may be a good proxy for tracemaker biodiversity when the lebensspuren–tracemaker relationship can be reliable characterized. Lebensspuren–density correlations vary depending on the specific lebensspuren residence time, tracemaker density, and associated behaviour (rate of movement). Overall, we suggest that lebensspuren density and diversity correlations should be studied with tracemakers rather than with general benthic fauna. On a global scale, abiotic (e.g. hydrodynamics, substrate consistency) and other biotic factors (e.g. microbial degradation) may also play an important role.
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Sammlungsbestände von Comics, Graphic Novels und Manga in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland. Im weiteren Verlauf wird ein Schwerpunkt auf die Herausforderungen und Probleme in Bezug auf Bestandsaufbau, Erschließung, Archivierung bzw. Verfügbarmachung sowie Findmittel gelegt.
Observation of χcJ → 3(K⁺K⁻)
(2024)
By analyzing (27.12±0.14)×108 𝜓(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decay processes 𝜒𝑐𝐽→3(𝐾+𝐾−) (𝐽=0, 1, 2) are observed for the first time with statistical significances of 8.2𝜎, 8.1𝜎, and 12.4𝜎, respectively. The product branching fractions of 𝜓(3686)→𝛾𝜒𝑐𝐽, 𝜒𝑐𝐽→3(𝐾+𝐾−) are presented and the branching fractions of 𝜒𝑐𝐽→3(𝐾+𝐾−) decays are determined to be ℬ𝜒𝑐0→3(𝐾+𝐾−)=(10.7±1.8±1.1)×10−6, ℬ𝜒𝑐1→3(𝐾+𝐾−)=(4.2±0.9±0.5)×10−6, and ℬ𝜒𝑐2→3(𝐾+𝐾−)=(7.2±1.1±0.8)×10−6, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.
Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 6.4~fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the process of e+e−→γϕJ/ψ is studied. The processes of e+e−→ϕχc1,c2, χc1,c2→γJ/ψ are observed with a significance of more than 10σ. The s√-dependent cross section of e+e−→ϕχc1,c2 is measured between 4.600 and 4.951~GeV, and evidence of a resonance structure is found for the first time in the ϕχc2 process. We also search for the processes of e+e−→γX(4140), γX(4274) and γX(4500) via the γϕJ/ψ final state, but no obvious structures are found. The upper limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction for these processes at the 90% confidence level are reported.
The cross section of the process e+e−→K+K− is measured at a number of center-of-mass energies s√ from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). The results provide the best precision achieved so far. A resonant structure around 2.2 GeV is observed in the cross section line shape. A Breit-Wigner fit yields a mass of M=2239.2±7.1±11.3~and a width of Γ=139.8±12.3±20.6 MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. In addition, the time-like electromagnetic form factor of the kaon is determined at the individual center-of-mass energy points.
Using a 3.19 fb−1 data sample collected at an 𝑒+𝑒− center-of-mass energy of 𝐸cm=4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fraction of the leptonic decay 𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇 to be ℬ𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇=(5.49±0.16stat±0.15syst)×10−3. Combining our branching fraction with the masses of the 𝐷+𝑠 and 𝜇+ and the lifetime of the 𝐷+𝑠, we determine 𝑓𝐷+𝑠|𝑉𝑐𝑠|=246.2±3.6stat±3.5syst MeV. Using the 𝑐→𝑠 quark mixing matrix element |𝑉𝑐𝑠| determined from a global standard model fit, we evaluate the 𝐷+𝑠 decay constant 𝑓𝐷+𝑠=252.9±3.7stat±3.6syst MeV. Alternatively, using the value of 𝑓𝐷+𝑠 calculated by lattice quantum chromodynamics, we find |𝑉𝑐𝑠|=0.985±0.014stat±0.014syst. These values of ℬ𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇, 𝑓𝐷+𝑠|𝑉𝑐𝑠|, 𝑓𝐷+𝑠 and |𝑉𝑐𝑠| are each the most precise results to date.
Using a data sample of 448.1×106 𝜓(3686) events collected at √𝑠=3.686 GeV with the BESIII detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider II, we search for the rare decay 𝐽/𝜓→𝜙𝑒+𝑒− via 𝜓(3686)→𝜋+𝜋−𝐽/𝜓. No signal events are observed and the upper limit on the branching fraction is set to be ℬ(𝐽/𝜓→𝜙𝑒+𝑒−)<1.2×10−7 at the 90% confidence level, which is still about one order of magnitude higher than the Standard Model prediction.
Five new species of the spider genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from China
(2024)
Five new species of Heteropoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) are described from China: H. bawanglingensis sp. nov. (female; Hainan), H. dulongensis sp. nov. (male, female; Yunnan), H. hainanensis sp. nov. (male, female; Hainan), H. longa sp. nov. (female; Guizhou), and H. vaginalis sp. nov. (female; Yunnan). We provide descriptions and illustrations for each species as well as a distribution map in the current paper.
Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867 is a family of annelids, with only few taxa reported from Brazil. In this work, we describe two new species of Asclerocheilus Ashworth, 1901. The new species A. geiseae sp. nov. and A. blakei sp. nov. were collected during scientific expeditions to the Espírito Santo and Campos sedementary basins. These expeditions were coordinated by PETROBRAS/CENPES. The species A. geiseae sp. nov. is unique among its congeners by the presence of acicular spines with rounded and curved tips in two rows. The second species, A. blakei sp. nov., differs from its congeners by the combination of the presence of a trapezoidal prostomium, acicular spines on chaetigers 1–3, lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3 on notopodia and 2 on neuropodia. Moreover, we report the species A. tropicus Blake, 1981 from the localities sampled on this study. We also provide an identification key to all species of Asclerocheilus of the world.
Sipunculans are a poorly studied group in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. For the Southern Mexican Pacific (SMP) there is only one record of a sipunculan species. The main objective of this work was to determine the species composition of the phylum Sipuncula present in the SMP. The study area covered three Mexican states: Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas; specimens from 28 localities were examined from both intertidal and subtidal zones. A total of 551 specimens were reviewed, from which 11 species were identified. Five of them have previously been recorded in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP): Apionsoma (A.) hespera comb. nov., A. (Edmondsius) pectinatum, Aspidosiphon (A.) elegans, Phascolosoma (P.) puntarenae and Themiste (T.) hennahi; four species are similar to nominal species: Sipunculus (S.) cf. polymyotus, Siphonosoma cf. vastum, Siphonosoma cf. cumanense and Phascolosoma (P.) cf. perlucens; and two new species are described: Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) cutleri sp. nov. and Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) pastori sp. nov. A checklist and an identification key for all sipunculan species from the TEP are presented. The checklist includes 53 taxa, 25 of which are questionable records. This work generated 11 new records of sipunculans in the SMP and five new records in the TEP.