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Die Normativität des Korans
(2021)
Der Koran hat eine besondere Bedeutung für Menschen muslimischen Glaubens. Er gilt als göttliche Offenbarung, die mit dem Propheten Muhammad als Medium der Menschheit übermittelt wurde. Dem hohen rituellen, ästhetischen und religiös-emotionalen Wert des Korans als Wort Gottes steht allerdings ein weniger stark verbreitetes grundlegendes theologisches Wissen zu seiner Erschließung gegenüber. Die Entstehungsgeschichte und der Offenbarungskontext sind beim Verständnis und der Auslegung des Texts von essentieller Bedeutung. Vor allem aber die wissenschaftlichen Diskurse in den Jahrhunderten seit der Offenbarung des Korans, aus denen das unendliche Spektrum an Auslegungen und deren Wandel über die Jahrhunderte hervorgeht, sind wenig bis gar nicht bekannt...
This paper was presented at the workshop “Goods, Languages, and Cultures along the Silk Road” at Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, October 18 and 19, 2019. While many contributions to the workshop focused on recent developments in China’s current “New Silk Road” politics, on forms of communication, and on contemporary exchange of goods and ideas across so-called Silk Road countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia and with China, this short essay focuses on the history of the so-called Silk Road as an important transport connection. Although what is now called the “Silk Road” was not a pure East-West binary in antiquity but rather developed into a network that also led to the South and North, the focus here will be on describing the East-West connection.
I will start with a few brief remarks on the origins of the connection referred to as the Silk Road and will then introduce the different great empires that shaped this connection between antiquity and the Middle Ages through military campaigns and by using it as a trading route and network. But the Silk Road was by no means only of economic and military importance. Its significance for the exchange and dissemination of religions should also be mentioned. This paper does not detail the importance of the numerous individual religions in the area of the Silk Road but discusses the phenomenon of the spread of religions and the loss of some of their own distinguishing characteristics in this spread, a phenomenon that could be described as a “unity of opposites” (coincidentia oppositorum). Finally, the essay asks who, in the face of the regular replacement of powers, held sovereignty over the transport connection: the subject (in the form of the empires) or the object (in the form of the road).
Who were the main protagonists of and along the Silk Road in the course of history? Who were the people who became the great powers of the ancient Silk Road, building up the material route, governing parts of it, and organizing trade and relationships from the far East to the extreme West of the Eurasian continent?
The merchant language of the Georgian Jews deserves scholarly attention for several reasons. The political and social developments of the last fifty years have caused the extinction of this very interesting form of communication, as most Georgian Jews have emigrated to Israel. In a natural interaction, the type of language described in this article can be found very rarely, if at all. Records of this communication have been preserved in various contexts and received different levels of scholarly attention. Our interest concerns the linguistic aspects as well as the classification.
In the following paper we argue that the specific merchant language of Georgian Jews belongs to the pragmatic phenomenon of “very indirect language.” The use of mostly Hebrew lexemes in Georgian conversation leads to an unfounded assumption that the speakers are equally competent in Hebrew and Georgian. It is reported that a high level of linguistic competence in Hebrew does not guarantee understanding of the Jewish merchant language. In the Georgian context, the decisive factors are membership in the professional interest group of merchants and residential membership in the Jewish community. These factors seem to be equivalent, because Jewish members of other professional groups (and those from outside the particular urban residential area) have difficulties in following the language that are similar to those of the Georgian majority. We describe the pragmatic structure of interactions conducted with the help of the merchant language and take into account the purpose of the language’s use or the intention of the speakers. Relevant linguistic examples are analysed and their sociocultural contexts explained.
Garbage piles up in the capital of Cambodia; it lies around in corners, on streets, in fields. COVID-19, which has led to a global reduction in the production of greenhouse gases considered utopian, has had little if any significant impact within this country, where garbage is produced in the same amounts, likewise burned and buried, or dumped into the rivers. The smelly sewage channels of Phnom Penh run as brown as usual, patterned with flip-flops, shampoo packaging, diverse plastic particles, and undefinable fragments of rubbish, travelling south-eastwards into the morning glory fields; passing by buzzing, still active markets, passing urban poor areas, where children play in the thick mud, passing citizens in facemasks. On 10 April, the Cambodian government counted some 120 official cases of COVID-19 infection among its populace...
Die Normativität des Korans
(2021)
Der Koran hat eine besondere Bedeutung für Menschen muslimischen Glaubens. Er gilt als göttliche Offenbarung, die mit dem Propheten Muhammad als Medium der Menschheit übermittelt wurde. Dem hohen rituellen, ästhetischen und religiös-emotionalen Wert des Korans als Wort Gottes steht allerdings ein weniger stark verbreitetes grundlegendes theologisches Wissen zu seiner Erschließung gegenüber. Die Entstehungsgeschichte und der Offenbarungskontext sind beim Verständnis und der Auslegung des Texts von essentieller Bedeutung. Vor allem aber die wissenschaftlichen Diskurse in den Jahrhunderten seit der Offenbarung des Korans, aus denen das unendliche Spektrum an Auslegungen und deren Wandel über die Jahrhunderte hervorgeht, sind wenig bis gar nicht bekannt...
Significant changes in the material culture, subsistence and mode of life are associated with the Middle (c. 2000–1600 BCE) and Late Bronze Ages (c. 1600–1300 BCE) in Eastern Arabia. Since first excavations in the 1970s, research has focused on the United Arab Emirates, where all major sites of this period known to date are situated. This birthed the idea of two different lines of development in the second millennium BC. While a more gradual change is assumed for the United Arab Emirates, Central Oman was regarded as having completely abandoned settled agricultural life, returning to a less complex social organisation. This article presents new evidence from Tawi Said, Al-Mudhairib and the Wilayat al-Mudhaybi that shows that the developments in both regions were more akin to each other than previously assumed. This encourages us to reconsider our assumptions about Central Oman’s social complexity during this pivotal period of Oman’s history.
Der US-amerikanische Architekturdiskurs der 1990er Jahre ist entscheidend von den Theorien Gilles Deleuzes geprägt. Die Aneignung seiner philosophischen Konzepte und jener, die er gemeinsam mit Félix Guattari entwickelt hat, findet vor allem innerhalb des architekturtheoretischen Netzwerks der »Anyone Corporation« statt: In ihren Diskursen wimmelt es von glatten Räumen, organlosen Körpern, Rhizomen, Falten, abstrakten Maschinen und Diagrammen. Frederike Lausch zeigt auf, wie sich die »Anyone Corporation« durch die Bezugnahme auf Deleuze als intellektuelle Elite der Architekturdisziplin inszeniert und wie im Zuge der Entpolitisierung seiner Theorien die »Post-Criticality«-Bewegungen entstehen.
50 Meter, so lang ist die Betonbrüstung in der Eingangshalle des Fachbereichs Architektur an der Technischen Universität Darmstadt. Für die Ausstellung Max Bächer. 50 Meter Archiv wurde der Handlauf der Treppenbrüstung mit Archivfunden überbaut. Bächer war Architekt, Preisrichter, Publizist – und er lehrte 30 Jahre lang als Professor in Darmstadt.
Die Ausstellung präsentierte erstmalig Materialien aus dem Nachlass Bächers, der sich im Deutschen Architekturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main befindet. Mit seinen Unterlagen lässt sich die Architekturproduktion der Nachkriegszeit aus einem neuen Blickwinkel betrachten. Insbesondere Bächers Rolle als „großer Vorsitzender“ in vielen Wettbewerbsjurys ermöglicht Einblicke in die Mechanismen, wie Architektur entsteht. Öffentliche Debatten, Polemiken und ideologische Grabenkämpfe zu wichtigen Wettbewerben hat Bächer mit Humor und Elan aufgegriffen.
Ausstellung von Studierenden der Kunstgeschichte sowie der Curatorial Studies der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main und Architekturstudierenden der Technischen Universität Darmstadt im Rahmen des Center for Critical Studies in Architecture (CCSA).
Beteiligte Studierende: Christina Armanious, Iskender Caliskan, Leonardo Costadura, Jennifer Dyck, Nicole Fecher, Jule Försch, Jessica Girschik, Hilla Nienke Griesemann, Anastasia Gugushvili, Sarah Heuberger, Kiumars Kazerani, Anne Konopka, Anna Lazaridi, Ekaterina Meisner, Hendrike Nagel, Clara Nicolay, Paula Pohle, Arne Udo Schneider, Andrea Strehl, Isabelle Emilie Tondre, Maximilian Wahlich, Alessia Weckenmann, Ben Livne Weitzman, Sandra Zaitsev, Borui Zhang, Nan Zhao
Redaktion: Jennifer Dyck und Frederike Lausch
This article explores the liturgical functions of cross-shaped staurothekes, reliquaries of the True Cross, in twelfth-century Sicily. These luxurious objects were once at the centre of the devotion of the growing Christian communities on an island undergoing dramatic social changes. This contribution examines the figuration of these crosses and the messages they conveyed to their audiences, focusing on documented processions as displays of public piety. To this end, the contents of two liturgical manuscripts from Palermo, evidence in contemporary pictorial arts and coinage, and the urban layout of the Norman capital will shed light on the reception of the symbol of the cross in the cosmopolitan, yet increasingly intolerant Sicilian kingdom.
[Nachruf] Manfred Faßler
(2021)