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In the early 21st century, scientists once more declared God a delusion and announced the end of faith, boosting the current critique of religious belief known as 'New Atheism'. Yet the contemporary British and Irish novel engage with religion in various forms, and religion has indeed "returned", Andrew Tate argues, "to the study of literature". The Bible in particular proves a rich source for novelists as different as Colm Tóibín, Zadie Smith, and Philip Pullman among others. Where Colm Tóibín's 'The Testament of Mary' (2012) offers a fictional memoir by the mother of God, depicting the Virgin Mary as "a powerful, unsparing figure" ('Guardian'), Zadie Smith's 'NW' (2012) describes the lives of its two female protagonists against the backdrop of the stories of Mary and Elizabeth in the Gospel of Luke. And Philip Pullman's bestselling trilogy 'His Dark Materials' (1995- 2000) is a re-writing of Milton's 'Paradise Lost' (1667) that "only really makes sense" according to Tate "if the reader has a detailed knowledge of the biblical scriptures against which it writes". Despite being written from a very critical, ironic or atheist stance, all these novels rely on the Bible as an intertext in crucial ways. The Bible, in other words, is once more living up to its ancient reputation as "the Book of Books", "the Urtext of Western literature".
Wie der Medienwechsel vom Roman zum Film und die spezifische Medialität von Brief, Buch und Film reflektiert wird, möchte ich an zwei Verfilmungen von Johann Wolfgang Goethes monophonem Briefroman "Die Leiden des jungen Werthers" (1774/87) zeigen. Für Goethes "Werther" verzeichnet die Internet Movie Database 18 Verfilmungen, von denen viele historisierend sind und einige nicht direkt auf Goethes Roman, sondern auf Jules Massenets Oper basieren. Aus den vielen "Werther"-Verfilmungen habe ich zwei ausgesucht, die sich gut ergänzen und über Medialität reflektieren: Egon Günthers historisierende, in der DDR entstandene Verfilmung "Die Leiden des jungen Werthers" von 1976 und Uwe Jansons aktualisierende Adaption "Werther" (D 2008). "Die Leiden des jungen Werthers" ist Egon Günthers letzter Kinofilm in der DDR, der phantasievoll mit der Vorlage umgeht und Systemkritik übt. Mit Uwe Jansons "Werther" analysiere ich eine Verfilmung, die Werthers Geschichte vom 18. ins 21. Jahrhundert versetzt.