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Using a data sample of 448.1×106 𝜓(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII, we perform search for the hadronic transition ℎ𝑐→𝜋+𝜋−𝐽/𝜓 via 𝜓(3686)→𝜋0ℎ𝑐. No signals of the transition are observed, and the upper limit on the product branching fraction ℬ(𝜓(3686)→𝜋0ℎ𝑐)ℬ(ℎ𝑐→𝜋+𝜋−𝐽/𝜓) at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) is determined to be 2.0×10−6. This is the most stringent upper limit to date.
Die Jahrestagung 2015 der Gesellschaft für Comicforschung (ComFor) stand unter dem Thema »Geschichte im Comic – Geschichte des Comics«. Ein Blick in das damalige Programm (als LINK: http://www.comicgesellschaft.de/2015/ 07/23/programm-der-10-comfor-jahrestagungin-frankfurtm/) oder den mittlerweile erschienen Tagungsband (als LINK: http://www.christianbachmann.de/b_comfor7.html) offenbart, dass der zweite titelgebende Teil deutlich unterrepräsentiert war. Geplant war die Tagung auch als Gegengewicht zu den Theoriediskursen in der Comicforschung, d.h. zur Stärkung diachroner Arbeiten. Das Desiderat historischer Comicforschung blieb damit bestehen. Ein um weitere Beiträge ergänzter Band basierend auf den wenigen gehaltenen Vorträgen ist für 2018 angekündigt; bereits 2016 ist jedoch eine erfreulich große Anzahl an Publikationen mit teilweise historischen Fragestellungen erschienen. ...
We report the first measurements of absolute branching fractions for the W -exchange-only processes + c → 0K + and + c → (1530)0K + with the double-tag technique, by analyzing an e+e− collision data sample, that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV by the BESIII detector. The branching fractions are measured to be B(+c → 0K +) = (5.90 ± 0.86 ± 0.39) × 10−3 and B(+c → (1530)0K +) = (5.02 ± 0.99 ± 0.31) × 10−3, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. Our results are more precise than the previous relative measurements.
Using a data sample of 448.1 × 106 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the electromagnetic Dalitz decay ψ(3686) → η e+e−, with significances of 7.0σ and 6.3σ when reconstructing the η meson via its decay modes η → γπ+π− and η → π+π−η (η → γγ ), respectively. The weighted average branching fraction is determined to be B(ψ(3686) → η e+e−) = (1.90 ± 0.25 ± 0.11) × 10−6, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
How much we trust our own decisions, knowledge or perceptions influences our behavior in many everyday situations. Normally the confidence we have in our decisions is rather accurate, but under certain circumstances the subjective evaluation of a decision and its objective quality can differ heavily. Subjectively over- or underestimating the quality of decisions can lead to disadvantageous behavior. Little is known about how this feeling of confidence about a decision is generated. Is it computed automatically with the decision or does it arise in a different process?
This thesis is based on a publication that contributed to the investigation of this question by comparing the influence of two different forms of spatial attention on decision confidence. Visual spatial attention is a cognitive mechanism that serves to select parts of the visual field, leading to more accurate decisions about the attended items. It can be either voluntarily controlled (endogenous) or reflexively driven by external events (exogenous). In an orientation-matching task participants performed better in both attentional conditions than in a control condition without directed attention. Additionally, we found that only endogenous, but not exogenous attention led the subjects to overestimate the quality of their performance. The possible implications of this “relative overconfidence” were discussed with respect to the theoretical framework of spatial attention and decision confidence. The present findings support the idea that decision confidence is generated in a distinct metacognitive process. Possible ideas for further neurophysiological research are proposed. The thesis concludes with an attempt to integrate the discussion into a broader context of medical research on certain neuropsychiatric symptoms and conditions.
Background: Alternative splicing is a key mechanism in eukaryotic cells to increase the effective number of functionally distinct gene products. Using bulk RNA sequencing, splicing variation has been studied both across human tissues and in genetically diverse individuals. This has identified disease-relevant splicing events, as well as associations between splicing and genomic variations, including sequence composition and conservation. However, variability in splicing between single cells from the same tissue and its determinants remain poorly understood.
Results: We applied parallel DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing to differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells to characterize splicing variation (exon skipping) and its determinants. Our results shows that splicing rates in single cells can be accurately predicted based on sequence composition and other genomic features. We also identified a moderate but significant contribution from DNA methylation to splicing variation across cells. By combining sequence information and DNA methylation, we derived an accurate model (AUC=0.85) for predicting different splicing modes of individual cassette exons. These explain conventional inclusion and exclusion patterns, but also more subtle modes of cell-to-cell variation in splicing. Finally, we identified and characterized associations between DNA methylation and splicing changes during cell differentiation.
Conclusions: Our study yields new insights into alternative splicing at the single-cell level and reveals a previously underappreciated component of DNA methylation variation on splicing.
Background: Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cells and increases the effective number of functionally distinct gene products. Using bulk RNA sequencing, splicing variation has been studied across human tissues and in genetically diverse populations. This has identified disease-relevant splicing events, as well as associations between splicing and genomic features, including sequence composition and conservation. However, variability in splicing between single cells from the same tissue or cell type and its determinants remains poorly understood.
Results: We applied parallel DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing to differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells to characterize splicing variation (exon skipping) and its determinants. Our results show that variation in single-cell splicing can be accurately predicted based on local sequence composition and genomic features. We observe moderate but consistent contributions from local DNA methylation profiles to splicing variation across cells. A combined model that is built based on genomic features as well as DNA methylation information accurately predicts different splicing modes of individual cassette exons. These categories include the conventional inclusion and exclusion patterns, but also more subtle modes of cell-to-cell variation in splicing. Finally, we identified and characterized associations between DNA methylation and splicing changes during cell differentiation.
Conclusions: Our study yields new insights into alternative splicing at the single-cell level and reveals a previously underappreciated link between DNA methylation variation and splicing.
b̄b̄ud tetraquark resonances in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation using lattice QCD potentials
(2018)
We study tetraquark resonances using lattice QCD potentials for a pair of static antiquarks b¯b¯ in the presence of two light quarks ud. The system is treated in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and we use the emergent wave method. We focus on the isospin I=0 channel, but consider different orbital angular momenta l of the heavy antiquarks b¯b¯. We extract the phase shifts and search for S and T matrix poles on the second Riemann sheet. For orbital angular momentum l=1 we find a tetraquark resonance with quantum numbers I(JP)=0(1−), resonance mass m=10576+4−4MeV and decay width Γ=112+90−103MeV, which can decay into two B mesons.
Privilegierte männliche, hochmobile Finanzmanager sind nicht nur Teil abstrakter ortsübergreifender Netzwerke, sondern sie arbeiten an konkreten Arbeitsorten. Am Beispiel deutscher Finanzmanager in London und Singapur arbeite ich die Relevanz des lokalen Arbeitsortes für die Identitätsaufführungen der globalen Elite mit einer intersektionalen Perspektive heraus. Da die Performanz dieser Identitätsdimension als dynamischer Prozess verstanden wird – also als eine Dynamik, in der diese im Handeln alltäglich erzeugt und aufgeführt wird – werden die alltäglichen Aufführungen der Globalen Elite in ihrer Beziehung zu dem Arbeitsort, an dem die Aufführungen stattfinden, analysiert. Es wird deutlich, dass mit dem Ansatz der Intersektionalität auch privilegierte Identitätsdimensionen in den Blick genommen werden können. In Abhängigkeit vom Ort der Performanz differenziert sich die Identitätsdimension globale Elite und überschneidet sich in spezifischer Weise mit der Identitätsdimension des Weißseins.
Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponins are the biomarkers of choice for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST‐segment elevation (NSTE). In patients with CKD, troponin levels are often chronically elevated, which reduces their diagnostic utility when NSTE‐AMI is suspected. The aim of this study was to derive a diagnostic algorithm for serial troponin measurements in patients with CKD and suspected NSTE‐AMI.
Methods and Results: Two cohorts, 1494 patients from a prospective cohort study with high‐sensitivity troponin I (hs‐cTnI) measurements and 7059 cases from a clinical registry with high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐cTnT ) measurements, were analyzed. The prospective cohort comprised 280 CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The registry data set contained 1581 CKD patients. In both cohorts, CKD patients were more likely to have adjudicated NSTE‐AMI than non‐CKD patients. The specificities of hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT to detect NSTE‐AMI were reduced with CKD (0.82 versus 0.91 for hs‐cTnI and 0.26 versus 0.73 for hs‐cTnT) but could be restored by applying optimized cutoffs to either the first or a second measurement after 3 hours. The best diagnostic performance was achieved with an algorithm that incorporates serial measurements and rules in or out AMI in 69% (hs‐cTnI) and 55% (hs‐cTnT) of CKD patients.
Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponins in patients with CKD with suspected NSTE‐AMI is improved by use of an algorithm based on admission troponin and dynamic changes in troponin concentration.
The transversity distribution, which describes transversely polarized quarks in transversely polarized nucleons, is a fundamental component of the spin structure of the nucleon, and is only loosely constrained by global fits to existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. In transversely polarized p↑+p collisions it can be accessed using transverse polarization dependent fragmentation functions which give rise to azimuthal correlations between the polarization of the struck parton and the final state scalar mesons.This letter reports on spin dependent di-hadron correlations measured by the STAR experiment. The new dataset corresponds to 25 pb−1 integrated luminosity of p↑+p collisions at s=500 GeV, an increase of more than a factor of ten compared to our previous measurement at s=200 GeV. Non-zero asymmetries sensitive to transversity are observed at a Q2 of several hundred GeV and are found to be consistent with the former measurement and a model calculation. We expect that these data will enable an extraction of transversity with comparable precision to current SIDIS datasets but at much higher momentum transfers where subleading effects are suppressed.
We present data on charged kaons (K±) and ϕ mesons in Au(1.23A GeV)+Au collisions. It is the first simultaneous measurement of K− and ϕ mesons in central heavy-ion collisions below a kinetic beam energy of 10A GeV. The ϕ/K− multiplicity ratio is found to be surprisingly high with a value of 0.52±0.16 and shows no dependence on the centrality of the collision. Consequently, the different slopes of the K+ and K− transverse-mass spectra can be explained solely by feed-down, which substantially softens the spectra of K− mesons. Hence, in contrast to the commonly adapted argumentation in literature, the different slopes do not necessarily imply diverging freeze-out temperatures of K+ and K− mesons caused by different couplings to baryons.
The production of Σ0 baryons in the nuclear reaction p (3.5 GeV) + Nb (corresponding to sNN=3.18 GeV) is studied with the detector set-up HADES at GSI, Darmstadt. Σ0s were identified via the decay Σ0→Λγ with subsequent decays Λ→pπ− in coincidence with a e+e− pair from either external (γ→e+e−) or internal (Dalitz decay γ⁎→e+e−) gamma conversions. The differential Σ0 cross section integrated over the detector acceptance, i.e. the rapidity interval 0.5<y<1.1, has been extracted as ΔσΣ0=2.3±(0.2)stat±(−0.6+0.6)sys±(0.2)norm mb, yielding the inclusive production cross section in full phase space σΣ0total=5.8±(0.5)stat±(−1.4+1.4)sys±(0.6)norm±(1.7)extrapol mb by averaging over different extrapolation methods. The Λall/Σ0 ratio within the HADES acceptance is equal to 2.3±(0.2)stat±(−0.6+0.6)sys. The obtained rapidity and momentum distributions are compared to transport model calculations. The Σ0 yield agrees with the statistical model of particle production in nuclear reactions. Keywords: Hyperons, Strangeness, Proton, Nucleus.
We explore space improvements in LRP, a polymorphically typed call-by-need functional core language. A relaxed space measure is chosen for the maximal size usage during an evaluation. It Abstracts from the details of the implementation via abstract machines, but it takes garbage collection into account and thus can be seen as a realistic approximation of space usage. The results are: a context lemma for space improving translations and for space equivalences; all but one reduction rule of the calculus are shown to be space improvements, and the exceptional one, the copy-rule, is shown to increase space only moderately.
Several further program transformations are shown to be space improvements or space equivalences, in particular the translation into machine expressions is a space equivalence. These results are a step Forward in making predictions about the change in runtime space behavior of optimizing transformations in callbyneed functional languages.
Mechanistic and structural studies of membrane proteins require their stabilization in specific conformations. Single domain antibodies are potent reagents for this purpose, but their generation relies on immunizations, which impedes selections in the presence of ligands typically needed to populate defined conformational states. To overcome this key limitation, we developed an in vitro selection platform based on synthetic single domain antibodies named sybodies. To target the limited hydrophilic surfaces of membrane proteins, we designed three sybody libraries that exhibit different shapes and moderate hydrophobicity of the randomized surface. A robust binder selection cascade combining ribosome and phage display enabled the generation of conformation-selective, high affinity sybodies against an ABC transporter and two previously intractable human SLC transporters, GlyT1 and ENT1. The platform does not require access to animal facilities and builds exclusively on commercially available reagents, thus enabling every lab to rapidly generate binders against challenging membrane proteins.
Purpose: To report a case of autoimmune keratitis in a patient with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT).
Methods: An 84-year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was admitted with chronic, non-healing bilateral ulcerations of the inferior peripheral cornea associated with stromal and subconjunctival nodules.
Results: Clinical examination revealed circumscribed peripheral corneal ulceration with whitish nodules in adjacent stromal and subconjunctival tissue. Microbiological cultures of the corneal tissue were negative for MBT and other microbial pathogens; however, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of blood and corneal samples showed significantly elevated levels of IgM and IgA against MBT. In addition to systemic anti-tuberculosis therapy, the patient was treated topically with Polyspectran® eye drops, Dexamethasone eye drops, and Bepanthen® ointment, for 2 weeks. Both eyes showed dramatic improvement after 2 weeks.
Conclusion: The present report demonstrates that MBT is able to initiate delayed autoimmune response within the corneal tissue during an intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
A new classification of Ophiuroidea, considering family rank and above, is presented. The new family and superfamily taxa in O’Hara et al. (2017) were proposed to ensure a better readability of the new phylogeny but are unavailable under the provisions of the ICZN. Here, the morphological diagnoses to all 33 families and five superfamilies are provided. Ten new families, Ophiosphalmidae fam. nov., Ophiomusaidae fam. nov., Ophiocamacidae fam. nov., Ophiopteridae fam. nov., Clarkcomidae fam. nov., Ophiopezidae fam. nov., Ophiernidae fam. nov., Amphilimnidae fam. nov., Ophiothamnidae fam. nov. and Ophiopholidae fam. nov., are described. The family Ophiobyrsidae Matsumoto, 1915, not yet discovered in the previous publication, is added, based on new molecular data. A new phylogenetic reconstruction is presented. Definitions of difficult-to-apply morphological characters are given.
Objectives: The CRYO4PERSISTENT AF (Cryoballoon Ablation for Early Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) trial aims to report long-term outcomes after a single pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)–only ablation procedure using the second-generation cryoballoon in persistent atrial fibrillation (PerAF) patients.
Background: Pulmonary vein isolation is recognized as the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, including ablation of PerAF.
Methods: The CRYO4PERSISTENT AF trial (NCT02213731) is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial designed to assess single-procedure outcomes of PVI using the cryoballoon. The primary endpoint was freedom from AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia ≥30 s after a 90-day blanking period. After enrollment, but before ablation, patients without 100% AF burden (18-h Holter monitoring or 3 consecutive electrocardiograms in a time frame ≥14 days) were excluded. Patients were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months, with 48-h Holter monitoring at 6 and 12 months. Quality of life and symptoms were evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Arrhythmia recurrence and adverse events were adjudicated by an independent committee.
Results: A total of 101 patients (62 ± 11 years of age, 74% men, left ventricular ejection fraction 56 ± 8%, left atrial diameter 43 ± 5 mm) meeting criteria, undergoing cryoballoon-based PVI, with follow-up data, were included. Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia recurrence was 60.7% at 12 months. Compared with baseline, there were significantly fewer patients with arrhythmia-related symptoms at 12 months (16% vs. 92%; p < 0.0001). The symptom reduction was supported by significant improvement in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey composite scores and European Heart Rhythm Association score at 12 months. The only device related event was transient phrenic nerve injury in 2 (2%) patients, with resolution pre-discharge.
Conclusions: Cryoballoon ablation for treatment of PerAF demonstrated 61% single-procedure success at 12 months post-ablation in addition to significant reduction in arrhythmia-related symptoms and improved quality of life. (Cryoballoon Ablation for Early Persistent Atrial Fibrillation [Cryo4 Persistent AF]; NCT02213731)
The FIRE AND ICE Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01490814) was initiated in 2012 as a multicenter, randomized, head‐to‐head comparison of radiofrequency current (RFC) and cryoballoon catheter ablation for the treatment of patients with drug‐refractory symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Six years on, it remains the largest, randomized comparison of safety and efficacy between 2 catheter ablation modalities used in the treatment of patients with AF. This landmark trial not only established noninferiority between cryoballoon and RFC ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with regard to the study's efficacy and safety primary end points,1 but also, it evaluated secondary end points that were critical for a representative study interpretation. ...
Ein politischer Kopf aus Ostschwaben: Johann Gottfried Pahl 1768–1839 : Pfarrer und Publizist
(2018)
Pahl lebte in einer stürmischen Zeit. Die Französische Revolution 1789 und ihre Folgen erschütterten Europa; Napoleons Herrschaft setzte dem Alten Reich ein Ende. Pahl war die längste Zeit seines Berufslebens ein einfacher Landpfarrer, in Neubronn, Affalterbach und Fichtenberg. Erst im Alter wurde er Dekan und zuletzt Prälat und Landtagsabgeordneter mit persönlichem Adel: Johann Gottfried von Pahl. Nach dem Tod Pahls am 18. April 1839 in Stuttgart erschien am 24. April im Bamberger "Fränkischen Merkur" eine kurze Notiz: Durch den Tod des Prälaten von Pahl "hat Würtemberg eine seiner ausgezeichnetsten Notabilitäten, einen wahren Patrioten, die Wissenschaft einen trefflichen Gelehrten, die zweite Kammer einen ihrer glänzendsten Redner, der protestantische Clerus des Landes ein auch über die Grenzen Würtembergs hinaus überall mit hoher Achtung genanntes Mitglied, verloren". Nach Pahls Tod gab sein Sohn Wilhelm 1840 die Lebenserinnerungen unter dem Titel "Denkwürdigkeiten aus meinem Leben und aus meiner Zeit" heraus, die bis heute immer wieder gern von Forschern, die sich mit den Jahrzehnten um 1800 beschäftigen, herangezogen wird [...] Neben den gedruckten Publikationen und der Autobiographie gibt es bedauerlicherweise nicht viele Quellen, die Auskunft über sein Leben geben. Nur Nachlasssplitter finden sich in der heute vom Stadtarchiv Aalen betreuten Pahl-Sammlung des ehemaligen Schubart-Museums vor. Vom reichen Briefwechsel Pahls sind nur kleine Reste in Bibliotheken und Archiven übrig geblieben, sieht man von einem dicken Konvolut im Archiv der Grafen von Adelmann im Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg ab, das aber fast nur seine Tätigkeit als Amtmann betrifft. Wenig ergiebig sind - nicht allzu viele - Archivalien, die im Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg (Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart und Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg, vor allem Zensurangelegenheiten betreffend) und im Landeskirchlichen Archiv Stuttgart eingesehen werden konnten. Daher befasst sich diese Schrift zu seinem 250. Geburtstag vor allem mit den vielen gedruckten Publikationen Pahls.