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A documented checklist of the Crustacea (Stomatopoda, Decapoda) is provided for the southern Guianas region (sGuianas), a homogeneous ecoregion including Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and the Brazilian State of Amapá. The history of crustacean collections undertaken there between 1759 and 2022 is summarized. In total, 529 species are listed. Biodiversity varies between countries: 165 species in Guyana; 317 in Suriname, 343 in French Guiana, and 315 in Brazil Amapá, as a direct result of different sampling efforts. There are 22 Stomatopoda and 507 Decapoda, ranked by numerical diversity as Brachyura (206), Caridea (113), Anomura (85), Dendrobranchiata (67) and others (36). The list is analyzed with the species classified by major biotopes, distinguishing those from freshwater, mangroves and estuaries, and frankly marine environments. Regional comparisons are made in the Western Atlantic showing that the sGuianas marine fauna is depauperate compared to that of other regions. This is explained by the influence of the Amazon River plume, carrying desalinated water and fine sediments, which leads to the reduction of coral reef formations in sGuianas. Only a few species of freshwater crabs (genera Kunziana and Microthelphusa) are endemic to the region. The pace of species discovery over the years indicates that the sGuianas fauna remains still imperfectly known and that probably more than 600 species are present in the region.
The spider fauna of most African regions is severely understudied, there is a need for revision of old data and publishing new records. The previous list of jumping spiders (Salticidae) of Uganda contained merely 25 species. The presented survey, which is based on material from several museum collections, provides new faunistic and taxonomic information. The data already available in the literature are critically reviewed and an updated checklist of jumping spiders from Uganda is published. Two new genera are established: Phintellosa gen. nov. with type species Maevia comosissima Simon, 1886 and Ruwenzorek gen. nov. with type species Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. Thirty-three species are newly described: Asemonea wagneri sp. nov. (♂), Dendryphantes ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀), Dendryphantes sasa sp. nov. (♀), Enoplomischus pulcher sp. nov. (♂♀), Evarcha degeni sp. nov. (♂), Finger minor sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermosa yurai sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermotimus cornutus sp. nov. (♂♀), Hyllus formosus sp. nov. (♀), Icius entebbensis sp. nov. (♂), Icius hortensis sp. nov. (♂), Longarenus mpanga sp. nov. (♀), Massagris budongo sp. nov. (♂♀), Mexcala inopinata sp. nov. (♂♀), Myrmarachne corusca sp. nov. (♀), Phintella bella sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella jucunda sp. nov. (♀), Phintella nilotica sp. nov. (♂), Plexippoides dentatus sp. nov. (♂), Rhene amabilis sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene eximia sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene hexagon sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene sororis sp. nov. (♀), Rhene ugandensis sp. nov. (♀), Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus africanus sp. nov. (♂♀), Thiratoscirtus bwindi sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus magnus sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus spinifer sp. nov. (♂), Thyene masindi sp. nov. (♂♀), Thyene perfecta sp. nov. (♂), Tusitala ugandensis sp. nov. (♀) and Vicirionessa ignota sp. nov. (♀). Five specific names are synonymized: Enoplomischus spinosus Wesołowska, 2005 with Enoplomischus ghesquierei Giltay, 1931, Evarcha elegans Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 [removed from synonymy of Evarcha werneri (Simon, 1906)] with Hyllus dotatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1903), Myrmarachne mussungue Wanless, 1978 with Myrmarachne evidens Roewer, 1965, Plexippus fibulatus Dawidowicz & Wesołowska, 2016 with Schenkelia modesta Lessert, 1927 and Vicirionessa prenanti (Berland & Millot, 1941) with Vicirionessa fuscimana (Simon, 1903). Two new combinations are proposed: Phintella chopardi (Berland & Millot, 1941) comb. nov. ex Cosmophasis and Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886) gen. et comb. nov. ex Maevia. The as yet unknown females of nine species are described for the first time: Alfenus calamistratus Simon, 1902, Baryphas scintillans Berland & Millot, 1941, Dendryphantes elgonensis Wesołowska & Dawidowicz, 2014, Depreissia myrmex Lessert, 1942, Mikrus ugandensis Wesołowska, 2001, Phintella brevis Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022, Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886), Thiratoscirtus patagonicus Simon, 1886 and Thyene verdieri (Berland & Millot, 1941). The resulting list of salticids from Uganda now contains 141 species, of which 116 are recorded in this country for the first time. There is little overlap in the species list of Uganda and that of the neighbouring countries, not exceeding 40%.
Five new species of the spider genus Heteropoda Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from China
(2024)
Five new species of Heteropoda (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae) are described from China: H. bawanglingensis sp. nov. (female; Hainan), H. dulongensis sp. nov. (male, female; Yunnan), H. hainanensis sp. nov. (male, female; Hainan), H. longa sp. nov. (female; Guizhou), and H. vaginalis sp. nov. (female; Yunnan). We provide descriptions and illustrations for each species as well as a distribution map in the current paper.
Thought to be monotypic for decades, the only species in the goosefish genus Lophiomus Gill, Lm. setigerus (Vahl), shows a wide range of morphological variation and is distributed widely in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP). In this study, datasets for two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes sequences obtained from samples of Lophiomus collected in different localities across the IWP were constructed and analyzed to explore the phylogeny and species diversity within the genus. Our integrated approach with multiline evidence unveiled an unanticipated richness of at least six delimited species of Lophiomus. Herein, based on materials already available from museums and new specimens obtained primarily through the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program surveying IWP benthic fauna, we formally describe three new species: Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., and Lm. carusoi sp. nov. Also, we resurrect Lm. laticeps stat. rev. from synonyms of Lm. setigerus. These species can be diagnosed by genetics, body coloration, patterns on the floor of the mouth, peritoneum pigmentation, morphometric measurements, and meristic counts of cranial spines, dorsal-fin spines, and pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin rays from each other and from Lm. setigerus. The species Lm. setigerus, as well as the genus Lophiomus, are re-described accordingly based on the new results. Amended identification keys to the four extant lophiid genera and to species of Lophiomus are also provided.
The small, eyeless beetles of the genus Anillinus Casey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Anillini) comprise a diverse, ubiquitous, but poorly known component of insect biodiversity in the southeastern United States. Their limited dispersal capabilities make them ideal subjects for biogeography, but taxonomic problems and undescribed species diversity hamper such studies. In this paper, we redescribe four enigmatic species, Anillinus docwatsoni Sokolov and Carlton, Anillinus elongatus Jeannel, Anillinus pecki Giachino, and Anillinus turneri Jeannel, and consider their relationships. The elongatus species group is revised, with descriptions of four newly discovered species, Anillinus arenicollis Harden and Caterino, new species, Anillinus montrex Harden and Caterino, new species, Anillinus pittsylvanicus Harden and Caterino, new species, and Anillinus uwharrie Harden and Caterino, new species. Two species previously considered part of the elongatus group are determined to not belong here, Anillinus cavicola Sokolov and Anillinus turneri Jeannel. The exact placement of A. turneri remains uncertain, but it shares some character states with the sinuaticollis group. We erect the pecki group for A. docwatsoni and A. pecki, which are likely sister species. We provide a key to the eastern species groups of Anillinus and the species of the elongatus and pecki species groups. Anillinus pecki is broadly distributed in the southern Appalachian Mountains northeast of the French Broad River basin, while A. docwatsoni is apparently endemic to the Hickory Nut Gorge in western North Carolina. Anillinus pecki is reported for the first time from Tennessee and Virginia. All members of the elongatus group have small geographic ranges and are difficult to sample without special techniques, hinting that many more species await discovery in the densely populated Piedmont region of North Carolina, where natural habitats are rapidly being lost. Our sampling was not dense enough to test biogeographic hypotheses, but distributions of the elongatus group species suggest that hydrochory might have played an important role in passive dispersal and reproductive isolation. These taxonomic contributions will facilitate future studies on the genus and serve to highlight the rich insect biodiversity that remains to be discovered in the southeastern United States.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DE12672F-A328-41A3-90E2-EE62ABDD5ECF
Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are a diverse insect group, especially in the Neotropical region. At the same time, this fauna remains significantly understudied. During our visits to museum collections, we encountered numerous specimens of undescribed species representing the Neotropical genus Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933 which was earlier thought to be rare. To address the knowledge gap in the genus, we studied the museum material that resulted in descriptions of 21 new species. Our work involves the redescription of the genus, descriptions of the new species, and an updated identification key to 39 previously described and new species. The newly described species are Neolindus bicornis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. elegans Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. longithorax Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. luxipenis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. maya Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. minutus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. napo Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. niger Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. ornatus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. parahermani Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. paraplectrus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. parasinuatus Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. parautriensis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. pseudosensillaris Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. sauron Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. sibyllae Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. triangularis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. tropicalis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. utriensis Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., N. volkeri Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov., and N. yotokae Guzman, Tokareva & Żyła sp. nov. This research emphasises the importance of museum collections in advancing taxonomy and enriching biodiversity knowledge. With these contributions, the known number of species of Neolindus reaches 60, thereby enhancing data on the Neotropical rove beetles diversity. Additionally, we provide several new country records for the genus (Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Suriname), which widen its distribution, and new occurrence records for the described species of Neolindus, N. agilis Herman, 1991; N. apiculus Herman, 1991; N. basisinuatus Herman, 1991; N. campbelli Herman, 1991; N. cuneatus Herman, 1991; N. hermani Asenjo, 2011; N. irmleri Asenjo, 2011; N. lodhii Herman, 1991; N. procarinatus Herman, 1991; N. punctogularis Herman, 1991; and N. retusus Herman, 1991.
It is widely acknowledged that biodiversity change is affecting human well-being by altering the supply of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP). Nevertheless, the role of individual species in this relationship remains obscure. In this article, we present a framework that combines the cascade model from ecosystem services research with network theory from community ecology. This allows us to quantitatively link NCP demanded by people to the networks of interacting species that underpin them. We show that this “network cascade” framework can reveal the number, identity and importance of the individual species that drive NCP and of the environmental conditions that support them. This information is highly valuable in demonstrating the importance of biodiversity in supporting human well-being and can help inform the management of biodiversity in social-ecological systems.
From hunting and foraging to clearing land for agriculture, humans modify forest biodiversity, landscapes, and climate. Forests constantly undergo disturbance–recovery dynamics and understanding them is a major objective of ecologists and conservationists. Chronosequences are a useful tool for understanding global restoration efforts. They represent a space-for-time substitution approach suited for the quantification of the resistance of ecosystem properties to withstand disturbance and the resilience of these properties until reaching pre-disturbance levels. Here we introduce a newly established chronosequence with 62 plots (50 ⍰ 50 m) in active cacao plantations and pastures, early and late regeneration, and mature old-growth forests, across a 200 km2 area in the extremely wet Chocó rainforest. Our chronosequence covers by far the largest total area of plots compared to others in the Neotropics. Plots ranged from 159–615 masl in a forested landscape with 74 ± 2.8 % forest cover within a 1-km radius including substantial old-growth forest cover. Land-use legacy and regeneration time were not confounded by elevation. We tested how six forest structure variables (maximum tree height and DBH, basal area, number of stems, vertical vegetation heterogeneity, and light availability), aboveground biomass (AGB), and rarefied tree species richness change along our chronosequence. Forest structure variables, AGB, and tree species richness increased with regeneration time and are predicted to reach similar levels to those in old-growth forests after ca. 30–116, 202, and 108 yrs, respectively. Compared to previous work in the Neotropics, old-growth forests in Canandé accumulate high AGB that takes one of the largest time spans reported until total recovery. Our chronosequence comprises one of the largest tree species pools, covers the largest total area of regenerating and old-growth forests, and has higher forest cover than other Neotropical chronosequences. Hence, our chronosequence can be used to determine the time for recovery and stability (resistance and resilience) of different taxa and ecosystem functions, including species interaction networks. This integrative effort will ultimately help to understand how one of the most diverse forests on the planet recovers from large-scale disturbances.
Two new species of Strandesia Stuhlmann, 1888 are described from the northeastern part of Thailand: S. karanovicae sp. nov. and S. amnatcharoenensis sp. nov. Strandesia karanovicae is characterized by a tumid carapace in dorsal view, a small anterior overlap, the absence of a dorso-subapical seta on the first segment of the antennule (A1), a large aesthetasc Y on the antenna, an α seta shape with a needle-like tip and a large β seta on the mandibular palp (Md-palp), serrated bristles on the maxilla, a long h1 seta on the second thoracopod (T2) and a slender caudal ramus (CR). Strandesia amnatcharoenensis has a small compressed posterior part of the right valves (RV) which makes it closely related to S. pholpunthini Savatenalinton, 2015. The new species can be distinguished primarily by a considerably small anterior overlap of the left valve over the right valve (RV), a postero-ventral flange of the RV, a remarkably large claw Ga of the CR and the chaetotaxy of the limbs, especially A1, Md-palp and T2. In addition, in the present study, the sexual population of S. martensi Savatenalinton, 2015 is recorded for the first time, and thus the first description of the male is provided here. Moreover, the morphological examination of both males and females revealed differences between asexual and sexual females and also points to the fact that S. martensi is a mixed reproduction species. This is the first record of the mixed reproductive mode in the genus Strandesia or even in the Cypricercinae.
A century and a half since the time of Hewitson, we are experiencing a renaissance in species discovery fueled by whole genome sequencing. A large-scale genomic analysis of Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809 (Lepidoptera), including primary type specimens, reveals a deluge of species new to science. One hundred of them (one in a new genus) are described here from the New World (type localities are given in parenthesis): Drephalys (Drephalys) diovalis Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Euriphellus panador Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), Euriphellus panamicus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Cecropterus (Thorybes) viridissimus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Zamora-Chinchipe), Cecropterus (Murgaria) dariensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Urbanus (Urbanus) mericuti Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Telegonus (Telegonus) pastus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Autochton (Autochton) dora Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pastaza), Astraptes centralis Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Aguna claxonica Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Aguna esmeralda Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), Aguna lata Grishin, new species (Guyana), Ridens angulinea Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Pythonides lera Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Pythonides latemarginatus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Gindanes variegatus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Mato Grosso), Milanion (Milanion) virga Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rondônia), Milanion (Milanion) furvus Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Milanion (Milanion) laricus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Charidia ronda Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rondônia), Pseudodrephalys tinas Grishin, new species (Peru: Loreto), Pseudodrephalys argus Grishin, new species (Suriname: Para), Achlyodes calvus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Santa Catarina), Spioniades artemis Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Spioniades artemidoides Grishin, new species (Brazil: Santa Catarina), Myrinia orieca Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Orellana), Myrinia aragua Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Aragua), Myrinia maculosa Grishin, new species (Guatemala), Myrinia manchada Grishin, new species (Guyana), Polyctor (Fenops) lamperus Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Nisoniades (Nisoniades) lutum Grishin, new species (Mexico: Guerrero. ), Bolla (Stolla) vena Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Aragua), Staphylus (Vulga) vula Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Staphylus (Vulga) vulga Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Staphylus (Staphylus) rotundalus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Staphylus (Staphylus) yucatanus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Quintana Roo/Yucatan), Heliopetes (Heliopetes) lana Grishin, new species (Guatemala), Canesia ella Grishin, new species (Venezuela: Barinas), Paches (Paches) loxeca Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Morona-Santiago), Clito congruens Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Cycloglypha corax Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Festivia peruvia Grishin, new species (Peru: Huánuco), Decinea notata Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Pompeius fuscus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Minas Gerais), Vernia clara Grishin, new species (Panama: Chiriquí), Oligoria (Oligoria) obtena Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Thespieus mandal Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Psoralis (Saniba) magnamacus Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Alychna ayonis Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Wahydra banios Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Tungurahua), Wahydra cuzcona Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Cynea (Cynea) aureofimbra Grishin, new species (Ecuador), Cynea (Nycea) quada Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Cynea (Quinta) achirae Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas), Eutus amazonicus Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Eutus incus Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Eutus septemaculatus Grishin, new species (Brazil: Mato Grosso), Godmia viridicapita Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Rhomba pulla Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Niconiades victoria Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tamaulipas), Lancephallus purpurus Grishin, new genus and new species (Guyana), Mnasicles (Remella) ecua Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Amblyscirtes (Amblyscirtes) aeratus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) chrysoplea Grishin, new species (Mexico: Oaxaca), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) chrysomisa Grishin, new species (Mexico: Chiapas), Amblyscirtes (Flor) meridus Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Rectava chiriquensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Chiriquí), Cobalopsis adictys Grishin, new species (Panama: Veraguas), Cymaenes melaporphyrus Grishin, new species (Mexico: San Luis Potosí), Lerema (Morys) ecuadorica Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Saturnus obscurior Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Cantha zoirodicta Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Cantha meiodicta Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Phlebodes duplex Grishin, new species (Guatemala: Cayuga), Lychnuchus (Enosis) valle Grishin, new species (Colombia: Valle), Eutychide ochoides Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Dion bora Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Dion occida Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Eprius (Eprius) veledinus Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Radiatus panamensis Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Pheraeus pulcher Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Callimormus rades Grishin, new species (Panama: Panama), Gubrus lubens Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Loja), Ludens labens Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Rigga isa Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Napo), Flaccilla lactea Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Falga athena Grishin, new species (Panama: Darien), Panoquina jay Grishin, new species (Peru: Loreto), Calpodes salianus Grishin, new species (Peru: Madre de Dios), Calpodes stingo Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Sucumbíos), Aides nobra Grishin, new species (Panama: Colón), Thracides pavo Grishin, new species (Mexico: Tabasco), Talides eluta Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Talides laeta Grishin, new species (Peru: Cuzco), Neoxeniades angustior Grishin, new species (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Damas zea Grishin, new species (Guyana), Tromba xantha Grishin, new species (Mexico: Veracruz), Perichares fura Grishin, new species (Ecuador: Pichincha), Carystoides (Balma) goliath Grishin, new species (Colombia: Valle), and Agathymus galeana Grishin, new species (Mexico: Nuevo Leon). Additionally, we present evidence to support 22 taxa as species (not subspecies or synonyms) and synonymize one genus and four species. Namely, the following taxa are species: Milanion pilta Evans, 1953 (not Milanion pilumnus Mabille and Boullet, 1917), Milanion latior Mabille and Boullet, 1917 (not a synonym of Milanion marciana Godman and Salvin, 1895), Charidia pilea Evans, 1953, and Charidia pocus Evans, 1953 (not Charidia lucaria (Hewitson, 1868)), Paches (Paches) gloriosus Röber, 1925 and Paches (Paches) loxana Evans, 1953 (not Paches (Paches) loxus (Westwood, 1852)), Spioniades anta Evans, 1953 (not Spioniades abbreviata (Mabille, 1888)), Decinea onasima (Hewitson, 1877) and Decinea formosus (Hayward, 1940) (not Decinea dama (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Thespieus guerreronis (Dyar, 1913) (not Thespieus dalman (Latreille, [1824])), Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) and Cynea (Nycea) cleochares (Mabille, 1891) (not Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Amblyscirtes (Mastor) repta Evans, 1955 (not Amblyscirtes (Flor) florus (Godman, 1900)), Saturnus tiberius (Möschler, 1883), Saturnus conspicuus (E. Bell, 1941), Saturnus meton (Mabille, 1891), and Saturnus obscurus (E. Bell, 1941) (not Saturnus reticulata (Plötz, 1883)), Phlebodes sifax Evans, 1955 (not Phlebodes campo (E. Bell, 1947)), Eutychide ochus Godman, 1900 and Eutychide rogersi (Kaye, 1914) (not a subspecies and a synonym, respectively, of Eutychide subcordata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Falga mirabilis Evans, 1955, Falga jacta Evans, 1955, and Falga ombra Evans, 1955 (not Falga jeconia (A. Butler, 1870)); and the following taxa are junior subjective synonyms: Libra Evans, 1955 (of Phemiades Hübner, [1819]), Papilio clito Fabricius, 1787 of Milanion hemes hemes (Cramer, 1777), Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 of Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879), Hesperia olympia Plötz, 1882 of Eutychide subcordata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869), and Hesperia ocrinus Plötz, 1882 of Aides aegita (Hewitson, 1866). Furthermore, we propose new combinations for genus-species: Lychnuchus (Enosis) ponka (Evans, 1955) (not Thoon Godman, 1900), and species-subspecies: Charidia pocus mayo Evans, 1953 (not Charidia lucaria (Hewitson, 1868)), Decinea onasima boliviensis (E. Bell, 1930) (not Decinea dama (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)), Cynea (Nycea) erebina somba Evans, 1955 (not Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891), Saturnus tiberius suffuscus (Hayward, 1940) (not Saturnus reticulata (Plötz, 1883)), and Falga mirabilis odol Evans, 1955 (not Falga jeconia (A. Butler, 1870)). Then, Milanion pilumnus var. hemestinus Mabille and Boullet, 1917 is a junior subjective synonym of Milanion pilumnus pilumnus Mabille and Boullet, 1917, not of Milanion leucaspis (Mabille, 1878). Lectotypes are designated for nine taxa (names in original combinations below): Pellicia bromias Godman and Salvin, 1894 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), Nisoniades perforata Möschler, 1879 (Colombia), Helias ascalaphus Staudinger, 1876 (central Panama), Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 (Colombia), Amblyscirtes fluonia Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Xocomanatlan), Mastor anubis Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Guerrero, Omiltemi), Eutychide ochus Godman, 1900 (Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac), Cobalus subcordata Herrich-Schäffer, 1869 (Southeast Brazil), and Thracides xanthura Godman, 1901 (Panama: Chiriquí Province, Bugaba). A neotype is designated for Eudamus briccius Plötz, 1881 (Guyana: Iwokrama Forest).
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACDF923B-906D-460E-9707-259E0ECDBCA8
Genomic analysis of Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809) with an emphasis on the tribes Achlyodini Burmeister, 1878 and Carcharodini Verity, 1940 reveals many inconsistencies between the resulting phylogeny and the current classification. These problems are corrected by proposing new taxa, changing the ranks of others, or synonymizing them, and transferring species between genera. As a result, five subtribes, one genus, 20 subgenera, and one species are proposed as new: Cyclosemiina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Cyclosemia Mabille, 1878), Ilianina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Iliana E. Bell, 1937), Nisoniadina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Nisoniades Hübner, [1819]), Burcina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Burca E. Bell and W. Comstock, 1948), and Pholisorina Grishin, new subtribe (type genus Pholisora Scudder, 1872), all in Carcharodini; Lirra Grishin, new genus (type species Leucochitonea limaea Hewitson, 1868) in Pythonidina Grishin, 2019; Trifa Grishin, new subgenus (type species Tagiades jacobus Plötz, 1884), Tuberna Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pythonides contubernalis Mabille, 1883), Ebona Grishin, new subgenus (type species Quadrus eboneus E. Bell, 1947), Noctis Grishin, new subgenus (type species Achlyodes accedens Mabille, 1895), and Cyrna Grishin, new subgenus (type species Achlyodes cyrna Mabille, 1895) of Quadrus Lindsey, 1925; Liddia Grishin, new subgenus (type species Helias pallida R. Felder, 1869), Minna Grishin, new subgenus (type species Achlyodes minna Evans, 1953), and Thilla Grishin, new subgenus (type species Eurypterus later Mabille, 1891) of Eantis Boisduval, 1836; Torgus Grishin, new subgenus (type species Ouleus gorgus E. Bell, 1937) of Iliana E. Bell, 1937; Fenops Grishin, new subgenus (type species Cabares enops Godman and Salvin, 1894) of Polyctor Evans, 1953; Bezus Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pellicia bessus Möschler, 1877) and Macarius Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pellicia macarius Herrich-Schäffer, 1870) of Nisoniades Hübner, [1819]; Quadralis Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pterygospidea extensa Mabille, 1891) of Gorgopas Godman and Salvin, 1894; Menuda Grishin, new subgenus (type species Nisoniades menuda Weeks, 1902) and Narycus Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pythonides narycus Mabille, 1889) of Perus Grishin, 2019; Bovaria Grishin, new subgenus (type species Achlyodes cyclops Mabille, 1876), Sebia Grishin, new subgenus (type species Nisoniades eusebius Plötz, 1884), and Stolla Grishin, new subgenus (type species Pholisora balsa E. Bell, 1937) of Bolla Mabille, 1903; Vulga Grishin, new subgenus (type species Achlyodes vulgata Möschler, 1879) and Capilla Grishin, new subgenus (type species Helias aurocapilla Staudinger, 1876, currently a junior subjective synonym of Hesperia musculus Burmeister, 1875) of Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896; and Quadrus (Zera) vivax Grishin, new species (type locality in Brazil: Rio de Janeiro). The following 10 are subgenera, not genera or synonyms: Ouleus Lindsey, 1925 and Zera Evans, 1953 of Quadrus Lindsey, 1925; Atarnes Godman and Salvin, 1897 and Eburuncus Grishin, 2012 of Milanion Godman and Salvin, 1895; Pachyneuria Mabille, 1888 and Austinus O. Mielke and Casagrande, 2016 of Sophista Plötz, 1879; Hemipteris Mabille, 1889 and Mictris Evans, 1955 of Pellicia Herrich-Schäffer, 1870; and Hesperopsis Dyar, 1905 and Scantilla Godman and Salvin, 1896 of Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896. The following 7 are species, not subspecies: Quadrus (Ebona) cristatus (Steinhauser, 1989) (not Quadrus (Ebona) negrus (Nicolay, 1980)), Quadrus (Quadrus) ophia (A. Butler, 1870) (not Quadrus (Quadrus) lugubris (R. Felder, 1869)), Quadrus (Zera) gellius (Mabille, 1903) and Quadrus (Zera) servius (Plötz, 1884) (not Quadrus (Zera) hyacinthinus (Mabille, 1877)), Mimia pazana Evans,1953 (not Mimia phidyle (Godman and Salvin, 1894)), Polyctor (Polyctor) dagua Evans, 1953 (not Polyctor (Polyctor) polyctor (Prittwitz, 1868)), and Staphylus (Vulga) satrap Evans, 1953 (not Staphylus (Vulga) saxos Evans, 1953); and these 8 are species, not synonyms: Quadrus (Zera) menedemus (Godman and Salvin, 1894) (not Quadrus (Zera) tetrastigma (Sepp, [1847])), Pellicia (Pellicia) bilinea Mabille, 1889 (not Pellicia (Pellicia) dimidiata Herrich-Schäffer, 1870), Pellicia (Hemipteris) nema Williams and Bell, 1939 (not Pellicia (Pellicia) theon Plötz, 1882), Bolla (Bovaria) sodalis Schaus, 1913 (not Bolla (Bolla) imbras (Godman and Salvin, 1896)), Bolla (Bovaria) aplica (E. Bell, 1937) (not Bolla (Sebia) eusebius (Plötz, 1884)), Bolla (Sebia) chilpancingo (E. Bell, 1937) (not Bolla (Bolla) subapicatus (Schaus, 1902)), and Bolla (Stolla) madrea (R. Williams and E. Bell, 1940) and Bolla (Stolla) hazelae (Hayward, 1940) (not Bolla (Stolla) zorilla (Plötz, 1886)). The following 2 are junior subjective synonyms: Achlyodes erisichthon Plötz, 1884 of Quadrus (Zera) servius (Plötz, 1884) (not a subspecies of Quadrus (Zera) tetrastigma (Sepp, [1847]) and Staphylus subapicatus Schaus, 1902 of Bolla (Bolla) imbras (Godman and Salvin, 1896). Furthermore, we propose the following additional new genus-species combination: Gindanes homer (Evans, 1953), Gindanes nides (O. Mielke and Casagrande, 2002), Gindanes maraca (O. Mielke and Casagrande, 1992), Gindanes jenmorrisae (Shuey and Ramírez. 2022), Gindanes tullia (Evans, 1953), Gindanes herennius (Geyer, [1838]), Gindanes proxenus (Godman and Salvin, 1895), Gindanes parallelus (Mabille, 1898), Gindanes braga (Evans, 1953), Gindanes hampa (Evans, 1953), Gindanes rosa (Steinhauser, 1989), Gindanes neivai (Hayward, 1940), Gindanes mundo (H. Freeman, 1979), Gindanes eminus (E. Bell, 1934), Quadrus (Trifa) francesius Freeman, 1969, Quadrus (Trifa) ineptus (Draudt, 1922), Quadrus (Trifa) jacobus (Plötz, 1884), Quadrus (Tuberna) lancea (Hewitson, 1868), Quadrus (Ebona) pescada (E. Bell, 1956), Lirra pteras (Godman and Salvin, 1895), and Lirra limaea (Hewitson, 1868) (not Pythonides Hübner, 1819); Quadrus (Cyrna) zora (Evans, 1953) (not Bolla Mabille, 1903); Eantis later (Mabille, 1891) and Eantis haber (Mabille, 1891) (not Aethilla Hewitson, 1868); Iliana (Torgus) gorgus (E. Bell, 1937) and Iliana (Torgus) taurus (Evans, 1953) (not Eantis Boisduval, 1836); Bolla (Stolla) evemerus (Godman and Salvin, 1896), Bolla (Stolla) chlora (Evans, 1953), Bolla (Stolla) astra (R. Williams and E. Bell, 1940), Bolla (Stolla) balsa (E. Bell, 1937), Bolla (Stolla) tridentis (Steinhauser, 1989), Bolla (Stolla) esmeraldus (L. Miller, 1966), Bolla (Stolla) chlorocephala (Latreille, [1824]), and Bolla (Stolla) incanus (E. Bell, 1932) (not Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896). Finally, lectotypes are designated for Achlyodes servius Plötz, 1884 (type locality in Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), Pellicia theon Plötz, 1882 (type locality in South America), and Nisoniades eusebius Plötz, 1884 (type locality in Central America). Unless stated otherwise, all subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms of mentioned genera and species are transferred with their parent taxa, and others remain as previously classified.
ZooBank registration. http://zoobank.org/B9AFA1A9-8664-4F31-B4D9-ACF7780C7CC6
New and notable stomatopods are reported on and added to the Mozambican faunal list, based principally on material housed in the collections of the Iziko South African Museum. Seven species are reported for the first time from Mozambican waters including one undescribed species of Clorida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, bringing the total known Mozambican stomatopod fauna to 22 species, comprising 17 genera and eight families. The known fauna is tabulated and taxonomic accounts of eight species are given, seven of these representing the new species records including one undescribed species, while the eighth species account is of the previously poorly documented Erugosquilla woodmasoni (Kemp, 1911), which is reported on from unpublished material. The new record of Manningia australiensis Manning, 1970 represents the first record of the family Eurysquillidae from southern Africa.
A comprehensive checklist of Habenaria from Chapada dos Veadeiros, State of Goiás, was performed alongside morphologic and molecular phylogenetic studies, revealing three new taxa endemic to this region. A total of 61 taxa (59 species and two varieties) of Habenaria are recorded for Chapada dos Veadeiros, representing a two-fold increase compared to previous lists and comprising one of the greatest diversities of the genus in Brazil. Of this total, four taxa are locally endemic. Habenaria cultellifolia, until recently known only from the type collection, was rediscovered in the region after 127 years without records and represents this species’ only known extant population. Three proposed new taxa of Habenaria (H. minuticalcar J.A.N. Bat. & Bianch. sp. nov., H. proiteana J.A.N. Bat., A.A. Vale & Bianch. sp. nov., and H. lavrensis var. xanthodactyla J.A.N. Bat. & Bianch. var. nov.) are corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid markers. They are described, illustrated, tentatively assessed as threatened, and compared to phylogenetically and morphologically related species. Since some areas of this mountain range have not yet been floristically sampled, additional taxonomic novelties and new records are still expected in the future.
A checklist with preliminary conservation assessments of native South American species of Acalypha is presented. This work is supported by the study of ca 6500 herbarium specimens and an in-depth literature review. As a result, 87 species (83 native and four introduced) and eight subspecies are accepted, and a further 395 names are considered synonyms. Geographical distribution, habitat, and altitudinal range for all species are also indicated. Brazil is the richest country in number of species of Acalypha (40), followed by Peru (32), Bolivia (29), Colombia and Ecuador—including Galapagos Islands—(24), Venezuela (18), Argentina (17), Paraguay (13), Guyana (8), Uruguay (5), French Guiana (4), and Suriname (3). The presence of the genus Acalypha in Chile is reported for the first time, alongside new country records of A. poiretii in Peru and A. venezuelica in Guatemala. The specimens previously identified as A. plicata from Colombia and Venezuela, are here considered belonging to A. cuspidata. The red list provided follows IUCN criteria and includes 39 species and three subspecies, 47% of total native species of Acalypha in South America: 16 species and one subspecies Critically Endangered (nine of them probably extinct), 15 species and two subspecies Endangered, and eight species Vulnerable.
Description of three new Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) species from Ecuador
(2023)
Three new species of Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) are described from Napo province, Ecuador: Anisopodus micromaculatus new species; Parabaryssinus katerinae new species; and Paracleodoxus minutus new species. A key to species of Paracleodoxus Monné and Monné (2010) is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7C66DA1-6F5F-4F94-922E-43E0B83331DD
Aim: Recent studies in southern Africa identified past biome stability as an important predictor of biodiversity. We aimed to assess the extent to which past biome stability predicts present global biodiversity patterns, and the extent to which projected climatic changes may lead to eventual biome changes in areas with constant past biome.
Location: Global.
Taxon: Spermatophyta; terrestrial vertebrates.
Methods: Biome constancy was assessed and mapped using results from 89 dynamic global vegetation model simulations, driven by outputs of palaeoclimate experiments spanning the past 140 ka. We tested the hypothesis that terrestrial vertebrate diversity is predicted by biome constancy. We also simulated potential future vegetation, and hence potential future biome patterns, and quantified and mapped the extent of projected eventual future biome change in areas of past constant biome.
Results: Approximately 11% of global ice-free land had a constant biome since 140 ka. Apart from areas of constant Desert, many areas with constant biome support high species diversity. All terrestrial vertebrate groups show a strong positive relationship between biome constancy and vertebrate diversity in areas of greater diversity, but no relationship in less diverse areas. Climatic change projected by 2100 commits 46%–66% of global ice-free land, and 34%–52% of areas of past constant biome (excluding areas of constant Desert) to eventual biome change.
Main conclusions: Past biome stability strongly predicts vertebrate diversity in areas of higher diversity. Future climatic changes will lead to biome changes in many areas of past constant biome, with profound implications for biodiversity conservation. Some projected biome changes will result in substantial reductions in biospheric carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services.
Abstract. More than 1300 specimens of Eucnemidae collected from Heredia Province in Costa Rica during the 1990s Arthropods of La Selva (ALAS) survey were studied from 2018 through 2022. One new genus of false click beetle, Absensiugum Otto, Muona and Córdoba-Alfaro, is described. Nematodes teres Horn, from the Nearctic and Caribbean regions, is transferred to this new genus to form Absensiugum teres, new combination. Sixteen new species of false click beetle (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) are described from Costa Rica. These new species are: Adelothyreus brevis, Adelothyreus costaricensis, Adelothyreus totus, Quirsfeldia stethonoides, Lacus pectinatus, Maelodrus costaricensis, Onichodon confluentus, Onichodon rufus, Isarthrus striatus, Absensiugum brunneum, Dromaeolus americanus, Dromaeolus brunneus, Dromaeolus herediensis, Dromaeolus holdridgei, Deltometopus bicolor and Nematodes apicalis. Three additional records outside of the Heredia Province from the Osa Peninsula and Panama for Lacus pectinatus are included in this study. Identification keys are provided for species of Adelothyreus Chevrolat, Onichodon Newman, Dromaeolus Kiesenwetter, Deltometopus Bonvouloir and Nematodes Berthold in Costa Rica. Diagnostic differences are briefly noted for each species within the Neotropical region. A list of Eucnemidae from Heredia Province is provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C1D5B819-A964-4679-B090-84CDBBC59D6A
An annotated catalogue of the type specimens of the family Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) housed at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH), Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) is provided: one holotype and nine secondary types were found deposited at the ZHM. A list of the primary types lost during the bombardment in the Second World War is also provided, including types of 103 names, 14 of Cerambycinae, 87 of Lamiinae, and two of Prioninae. In addition, we report secondary types that have been found, corresponding to names of subspecific rank and unavailable names with infrasubspecific rank.
A new state record of Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Dakota, USA
(2023)
Eucera (Xenoglossa) kansensis (Cockerell, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is newly recorded for the state of South Dakota, USA. The bees were sampled predominantly with blue vane traps, and E. kansensis was associated with a wide range of habitats that did not include its primary floral resources of Cucurbita L. and Ipomoea L. Further study is warranted to determine the basis for the association of E. kansensis within the wide range of habitats in this study.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4504A68E-8629-4CE7-996B-1D0EA793C944
In this paper are presented notes on the primary types of some species of the oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris described by the European naturalists and entomologists Amédée Louis Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, Anders Christian Jensen-Haarup, Arthur Louis Marie Joseph Vachal, Charles Émile Blanchard, Embrik Strand, Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville, Guillaume-Antoine Olivier, Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville, Jean Pérez, Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, Johann Ludwig Christ, John Obadiah Westwood, Josef Anton Maximilian Perty, Jules Dominique, Karl Hermann Konrad Burmeister, Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre, Massimiliano Spinola, Peter Cameron, and Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson. Information on the type status, type locality and depository are provided. In order to stabilize some names, lectotype designations were made for Centris rhodophthalma, C. sponsa var. asuncionis, C. transversa, Hemisia byssina and Ptilotopus americanus. Centris sponsa var. asuncionis is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. sponsa, revalidated and raised to species level. Centris byssina is proposed as nomen oblitum and as a new junior synonym of C. trigonoides, nomen protectum.