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A documented checklist of the Crustacea (Stomatopoda, Decapoda) is provided for the southern Guianas region (sGuianas), a homogeneous ecoregion including Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and the Brazilian State of Amapá. The history of crustacean collections undertaken there between 1759 and 2022 is summarized. In total, 529 species are listed. Biodiversity varies between countries: 165 species in Guyana; 317 in Suriname, 343 in French Guiana, and 315 in Brazil Amapá, as a direct result of different sampling efforts. There are 22 Stomatopoda and 507 Decapoda, ranked by numerical diversity as Brachyura (206), Caridea (113), Anomura (85), Dendrobranchiata (67) and others (36). The list is analyzed with the species classified by major biotopes, distinguishing those from freshwater, mangroves and estuaries, and frankly marine environments. Regional comparisons are made in the Western Atlantic showing that the sGuianas marine fauna is depauperate compared to that of other regions. This is explained by the influence of the Amazon River plume, carrying desalinated water and fine sediments, which leads to the reduction of coral reef formations in sGuianas. Only a few species of freshwater crabs (genera Kunziana and Microthelphusa) are endemic to the region. The pace of species discovery over the years indicates that the sGuianas fauna remains still imperfectly known and that probably more than 600 species are present in the region.
New taxa and new records of Winnertziinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Germany
(2024)
Winnertziinae and Porricondylinae are two subfamilies of mycophagous Cecidomyiidae (gall midges). An earlier census in 2021 found the German fauna of both groups to comprise 53 species and 28 genera – only a small proportion of the nearly 400 species and 75 genera known from all of Europe. A 24-month inventory in 2021‒2023, whose most significant taxonomic and faunistic outcomes are presented here, yielded evidence of an additional 142 species and 24 genera present in Germany, more precisely 41 species and three genera of Winnertziinae, and 101 species and 21 genera of Porricondylinae. Included in these numbers are 30 new species (six Winnertziinae, 24 Porricondylinae) and one new genus (of Porricondylinae) described and named here. The number of potentially new species discovered during the project is considerably larger (85+), but the too poor condition of the specimens and various other circumstances do not permit their taxonomic description at this stage. New taxa named in the present paper are Johnsonomyia szadziewskii sp. nov., Rhipidoxylomyia bilobata sp. nov., Winnertzia haushoferorum sp. nov., Winnertzia incrassata sp. nov., Winnertzia macrodens sp. nov., Winnertzia subdentata sp. nov., all Winnertziinae, Asynapta doczkali sp. nov., Asynapta falcata sp. nov., Bryocrypta longissima sp. nov., Camptomyia serrata sp. nov., Cassidoides rainensis sp. nov., Cassidoides riparius sp. nov., Claspettomyia gracilostylus sp. nov., Claspettomyia parvidentata sp. nov., Divellepidosis bavarica sp. nov., Lamellepidosis luderbuschensis sp. nov., Neurepidosis hartschimmelhofensis sp. nov., Neurepidosis simplex sp. nov., Parepidosis lobata sp. nov., Porricondyla acutistylata sp. nov., Porricondyla insolita sp. nov., Porricondyla oblonga sp. nov., Porricondyla ornata sp. nov., Porricondyla pilosoides sp. nov., Porricondyla plana sp. nov., Porricondyla pumila sp. nov., Schistoneurus paraimpressus sp. nov., Schistoneurus subimpressus sp. nov., Spungisomyia germanica sp. nov., Wohllebenia gen. nov., and Wohllebenia hybrida gen. et sp. nov., all Porricondylinae. Taxonomic descriptions are based on both the morphology of males and, if available, CO1 (DNA barcode) sequences, using specimens collected by Malaise traps in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the two southernmost federal states of Germany. Released here are 150 BINs new to BOLD as well as 145 species names for previously unidentified BINs in BOLD. Redescriptions of male morphology are provided for Camptomyia heterobia Mamaev, 1961, Claspettomyia carpatica Mamaev, 1998, Dicerura scirpicola Kieffer, 1898, and Winnertzia betulicola Mamaev, 1963. The state of knowledge of Germany’s fauna of mycophagous gall midges is discussed.
Introduction: Survival data reported by randomised controlled trials are collected in a highly selected patient population and can thus only be transferred to a limited extent to real-world patients: the patients in routine care are mostly older, present with more comorbidities and a worse general state of health. This so-called efficacy-effectiveness gap typically results in inferior survival data in routine healthcare.
Methods: Six prospective clinical tumour registries recruited a total of 11,679 patients receiving systemic therapy in haemato-oncological practices in Germany between 2006 and 2020. For these patients with advanced colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cell cancer, and lymphatic neoplasms, overall survival was analysed. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify suitable pivotal randomised controlled trials.
Results: Median overall survival of patients treated in German routine care, with advanced colorectal, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer, as well as with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, is not shorter than the respective survival data reported in trials. Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, or indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma showed slightly lower survival rates compared to clinical trials.
Conclusions: Despite less favourable patient characteristics, survival data from patients with cancer treated in ambulatory routine care in Germany are in range with results from randomised controlled studies.
Agility, as the ability to react rapidly to unforeseen events, is an essential component of football performance. However, existing agility diagnostics often do not reflect the complex motor–cognitive interaction required on the field. Therefore, this study evaluates the criterion and ecological validity of a newly developed motor–cognitive dual-task agility approach in elite youth football players and compare it to a traditional reactive agility test. Twenty-one male youth elite football players (age:17.4 ±0 .6; BMI:23.2 ± 1.8) performed two agility tests (reactive agility, reactive agility with integrated multiple-object-tracking (Dual-Task Agility)) on the SKILLCOURT system. Performance was correlated to motor (sprint, jump), cognitive (executive functions, attention, reaction speed) and football specific tests (Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT)) as well as indirect game metrics (coaches' rating, playing time). Reactive agility performance showed moderate correlations to attention and choice reaction times (r = 0.48−0.63), as well as to the LSPT (r = 0.51). The dual-task agility test revealed moderate relationships with attention and reaction speed (r = 0.47−0.58), executive functions (r = 0.45−0.63), as well as the game metrics (r = 0.51−0.61). Finally, the dual-task agility test significantly differentiated players based on their coaches' rating and playing time using a median split (p < 0.05; d = 0.8–1.28). Motor–cognitive agility performance in elite youth football players seems to be primarily determined by cognitive functions. The integration of multiple object tracking into reactive agility testing seems to be an ecologically valid approach for performance diagnostics in youth football.
Highlights
* The study introduces a novel motor–cognitive dual-task agility approach (incorporation of multiple-object-tracking in agility testing), evaluating its criterion and ecological validity in elite youth football players compared to a standard agility test.
* The standard agility test was shown to have moderate correlations with attention and choice reaction times, while the dual-task agility approach additionally incorporates executive functions
* While the agility test correlates to football-specific test performance, the dual-task agility test significantly discriminates players based on their potential ratings and in-season playing time, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for assessing performance in youth football.
* The findings suggest that agility performance in elite youth football is primarily determined by cognitive functions
* Incorporating more complex cognitive elements such as multiple-object-tracking in agility testing may improve ecological validity and therefore the predictive value of the testing procedure.
Using electron-positron annihilation data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1, collected by the BESIII detector in the energy region between 4600 MeV and 4699 MeV, we report the first observations of the Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λ+c→nπ+π0, Λ+c→nπ+π−π+, and the Cabibbo-favored decay Λ+c→nK−π+π+ with statistical significances of 7.9σ, 7.8σ, and >10σ, respectively. The branching fractions of these decays are measured to be B(Λ+c→nπ+π0)=(0.64±0.09±0.02)%, B(Λ+c→nπ+π−π+)=(0.45±0.07±0.03)%, and B(Λ+c→nK−π+π+)=(1.90±0.08±0.09)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We find that the branching fraction of the decay Λ+c→nπ+π0 is about one order of magnitude higher than that of Λ+c→nπ+.
The spider fauna of most African regions is severely understudied, there is a need for revision of old data and publishing new records. The previous list of jumping spiders (Salticidae) of Uganda contained merely 25 species. The presented survey, which is based on material from several museum collections, provides new faunistic and taxonomic information. The data already available in the literature are critically reviewed and an updated checklist of jumping spiders from Uganda is published. Two new genera are established: Phintellosa gen. nov. with type species Maevia comosissima Simon, 1886 and Ruwenzorek gen. nov. with type species Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. Thirty-three species are newly described: Asemonea wagneri sp. nov. (♂), Dendryphantes ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀), Dendryphantes sasa sp. nov. (♀), Enoplomischus pulcher sp. nov. (♂♀), Evarcha degeni sp. nov. (♂), Finger minor sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermosa yurai sp. nov. (♂♀), Hermotimus cornutus sp. nov. (♂♀), Hyllus formosus sp. nov. (♀), Icius entebbensis sp. nov. (♂), Icius hortensis sp. nov. (♂), Longarenus mpanga sp. nov. (♀), Massagris budongo sp. nov. (♂♀), Mexcala inopinata sp. nov. (♂♀), Myrmarachne corusca sp. nov. (♀), Phintella bella sp. nov. (♂♀), Phintella jucunda sp. nov. (♀), Phintella nilotica sp. nov. (♂), Plexippoides dentatus sp. nov. (♂), Rhene amabilis sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene eximia sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene hexagon sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene sororis sp. nov. (♀), Rhene ugandensis sp. nov. (♀), Ruwenzorek evansi gen. et sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus africanus sp. nov. (♂♀), Thiratoscirtus bwindi sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus magnus sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus spinifer sp. nov. (♂), Thyene masindi sp. nov. (♂♀), Thyene perfecta sp. nov. (♂), Tusitala ugandensis sp. nov. (♀) and Vicirionessa ignota sp. nov. (♀). Five specific names are synonymized: Enoplomischus spinosus Wesołowska, 2005 with Enoplomischus ghesquierei Giltay, 1931, Evarcha elegans Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 [removed from synonymy of Evarcha werneri (Simon, 1906)] with Hyllus dotatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1903), Myrmarachne mussungue Wanless, 1978 with Myrmarachne evidens Roewer, 1965, Plexippus fibulatus Dawidowicz & Wesołowska, 2016 with Schenkelia modesta Lessert, 1927 and Vicirionessa prenanti (Berland & Millot, 1941) with Vicirionessa fuscimana (Simon, 1903). Two new combinations are proposed: Phintella chopardi (Berland & Millot, 1941) comb. nov. ex Cosmophasis and Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886) gen. et comb. nov. ex Maevia. The as yet unknown females of nine species are described for the first time: Alfenus calamistratus Simon, 1902, Baryphas scintillans Berland & Millot, 1941, Dendryphantes elgonensis Wesołowska & Dawidowicz, 2014, Depreissia myrmex Lessert, 1942, Mikrus ugandensis Wesołowska, 2001, Phintella brevis Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022, Phintellosa comosissima (Simon, 1886), Thiratoscirtus patagonicus Simon, 1886 and Thyene verdieri (Berland & Millot, 1941). The resulting list of salticids from Uganda now contains 141 species, of which 116 are recorded in this country for the first time. There is little overlap in the species list of Uganda and that of the neighbouring countries, not exceeding 40%.
The expanding field of epitranscriptomics might rival the epigenome in the diversity of biological processes impacted. In recent years, the development of new high-throughput experimental and computational techniques has been a key driving force in discovering the properties of RNA modifications. Machine learning applications, such as for classification, clustering or de novo identification, have been critical in these advances. Nonetheless, various challenges remain before the full potential of machine learning for epitranscriptomics can be leveraged. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of machine learning methods to detect RNA modifications using diverse input data sources. We describe strategies to train and test machine learning methods and to encode and interpret features that are relevant for epitranscriptomics. Finally, we identify some of the current challenges and open questions about RNA modification analysis, including the ambiguity in predicting RNA modifications in transcript isoforms or in single nucleotides, or the lack of complete ground truth sets to test RNA modifications. We believe this review will inspire and benefit the rapidly developing field of epitranscriptomics in addressing the current limitations through the effective use of machine learning.
Based on electron positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage rings, the differential cross sections of inclusive π0 and K0S production as a function of hadron momentum, normalized by the total cross section of the e+e−→ hadrons process, are measured at six center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. Our results with a relative hadron energy coverage from 0.1 to 0.9 significantly deviate from several theoretical calculations based on existing fragmentation functions, especially at lower energies.
The decay 𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂 is searched for through the radiative transition 𝜓(3686)→𝛾𝜂𝑐(2𝑆) using 448 million 𝜓(3686) events accumulated at the BESIII detector. The first evidence of 𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂 is found with a statistical significance of 3.5𝜎. The product of the branching fractions of 𝜓(3686)→𝛾𝜂𝑐(2𝑆) and 𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂 is measured to be Br(𝜓(3686)→𝛾𝜂𝑐(2𝑆))×Br(𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂)=(2.97±0.81±0.26)×10−6, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic. The branching fraction of the decay 𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂 is determined to be Br(𝜂𝑐(2𝑆)→𝜋+𝜋−𝜂)=(42.4±11.6±3.8±30.3)×10−4, where the third uncertainty is transferred from the uncertainty of the branching fraction of 𝜓(3686)→𝛾𝜂𝑐(2𝑆).
Based on data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process e+e−→Σ+Σ¯− is studied at center-of-mass energies s√ = 2.3960, 2.6454, and 2.9000~GeV. Using a fully differential angular description of the final state particles, the complete information of the Σ+ electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region is extracted. The relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factors is determined to be sinΔΦ = -0.67~±~0.29~(stat.)~±~0.18~(syst.) at s√ = 2.3960~GeV, ΔΦ = 55∘~±~19∘~(stat.) ±~14∘~(syst.) at s√ = 2.6454~GeV, and 78∘~±~22∘~(stat.) ±~9∘~(syst.) at s√ = 2.9000~GeV. For the first time, the phase of the hyperon electromagnetic form factors is explored in a wide range of four-momentum transfer. The evolution of the phase along with four-momentum transfer is an important input for understanding its asymptotic behavior and the dynamics of baryons.
Using a data sample of (10087±44)×106 J/ψ events collected by the BESIII detector in 2009, 2012, 2018 and 2019, the electromagnetic Dalitz process J/ψ→e+e−η(1405) is observed via the decay η(1405)→π0f0(980), f0(980)→π+π−, with a significance of about 9.6σ. The branching fraction of this decay is measured to be B(J/ψ→e+e−π0η(1405)→e+e−π0f0(980)→e+e−π0π+π−)=(2.02±0.24(stat.)±0.09(syst.))×10−7. The branching-fraction ratio B(J/ψ→e+e−η(1405))/B(J/ψ→γη(1405)) is determined to be (1.35±0.19(stat.)±0.06(syst.))×10−2. Furthermore, an e+e− invariant-mass dependent transition form factor of J/ψ→e+e−η(1405) is presented for the first time. The obtained result provides input for different theoretical models, and is valuable for the improved understanding the intrinsic structure of the η(1405) meson.
The high collision energies reached at the LHC lead to significant production yields of light (anti)hypernuclei in proton–proton (pp), proton–lead (p–Pb) and, in particular, Pb–Pb collisions. The lightest known hypernucleus is the hypertriton, which is a bound state of a proton, a neutron, and a Λ hyperon. It decays weakly with a decay length of a few centimeters. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities of the ALICE detector, exploiting the energy loss measurement of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and using the Inner Tracking System (ITS) to distinguish between primary and secondary (decay) vertices, allow for the determination of the hypertriton yield across different collision systems, its lifetime, and its binding energy. The latest hypertriton lifetime measurement in Pb–Pb collisions performed in the 2-body decay channel will be presented. This measurement contributes to the solution of the hypertriton lifetime puzzle. In addition, the hypertriton production in different collision systems and at different energies will be compared to model predictions. Due to its low binding energy, and hence to its large size, the hypertriton is the ideal candidate to distinguish between statistical hadronization and coalescence models. With the precision of the presented yield measurements some variants of the aforementioned models can be excluded.
Introduction: Due to an inhibited tryptophan resorption, patients with fructose malabsorption are expected to experience decreased serotonin synthesis. A deficiency of serotonin may cause internalizing mental disorders like depression and anxiety, and a fructose-oriented eating behavior may affect these symptoms.
Methods: The parents of 24 children and adolescents with a currently diagnosed fructose malabsorption aged 4;00–13;02 years (M = 8.10, SD = 2.05), the parents of 12 patients with a currently confirmed combination of fructose and lactose malabsorption aged 4;00–12;11 years (M = 8.07, SD = 2.11) and the parents of a comparative sample of 19 healthy participants aged 5;00 to 17;07 years (M = 9.06, SD = 3.04) were interviewed. The interviews were conducted using a screening questionnaire of the German “Diagnostic System of Mental Disorders in children and adolescents based on the ICD-10 and DSM-5 DISYPS-III” and a self-developed questionnaire on eating, leisure and sleeping behavior.
Results: On standardized scales parents of children with fructose malabsorption reported higher levels of Depression compared to symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders (ODD/CD). Compared to healthy controls, for patients with fructose malabsorption, higher symptom levels of Depression and Anxiety were reported. With regard to eating behavior, within the group with a combination of fructose and lactose malabsorption, a strong positive association between an increased fruit sugar consumption and higher levels of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders/Tics were found.
Discussion: These results suggest a close association between fructose malabsorption and elevated internalizing psychological symptoms in children and adolescents.
Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00031047, DRKS-ID [DRKS00031047].
Based on 4.4 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.60 and 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the pure \textit{W}-boson-exchange decay Λ+c→Ξ0K+ is studied with a full angular analysis. The corresponding decay asymmetry is measured for the first time to be αΞ0K+=0.01±0.16(stat.)±0.03(syst.). This result reflects the non-interference effect between the S- and P-wave amplitudes. The phase shift between S- and P-wave amplitudes has two solutions, which are δp−δs=−1.55±0.25(stat.)±0.05(syst.) rad or 1.59±0.25(stat.)±0.05(syst.) rad.
In Modern Greek there is a rich aspectual system, which involves both morphologically expressed grammatical aspect and eventuality types, carried primarily by the meaning of the verbal predicate. Particular emphasis is paid to the interaction between grammatical aspect and eventuality types, since it is due to this interaction that the verbal predicate acquires distinct meanings. In order to explain potential changes in the meaning of the eventualities caused by the interaction with grammatical aspect, I propose a formal analysis within HPSG, using Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) for the semantic representations. Following the MRS architecture, I introduce a number of relations, which represent both grammatical aspect and eventuality types. The close interaction between grammatical aspect and eventuality types triggers special meanings which traditionally can be explained by inserting contextual information into the representations. In this paper, I argue against such an analysis, providing an alternative which is based on the introduction of subeventual templates formulated by Michaelis (2003) and Pustejovsky (1995). In this context, grammatical aspect combines with eventuality types and selects eventualities or subeventualities appropriate to its selection restrictions, using information that is already there in the denotation of the eventualities.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constant by-products of aerobic life. In excess, ROS lead to cytotoxic protein aggregates, which are a hallmark of ageing in animals and linked to age-related pathologies in humans. Acylamino acid-releasing enzymes (AARE) are bifunctional serine proteases, acting on oxidized proteins. AARE are found in all domains of life, albeit under different names, such as acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH/ACPH), acylaminoacyl peptidase (AAP), or oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH). In humans, AARE malfunction is associated with age-related pathologies, while their function in plants is less clear. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of AARE genes in the plant lineage and an in-depth analysis of AARE localization and function in the moss Physcomitrella and the angiosperm Arabidopsis. AARE loss-of-function mutants have not been described for any organism so far. We generated and analysed such mutants and describe a connection between AARE function, aggregation of oxidized proteins and plant ageing, including accelerated developmental progression and reduced life span. Our findings complement similar findings in animals and humans, and suggest a unified concept of ageing may exist in different life forms.
Twelve species of Platypalpus Macquart are described as new to science from different regions in Morocco: P. atlasensis sp. nov., P. brevicornoides sp. nov., P. ebejeri sp. nov., P. fatnae sp. nov., P. pauli sp. nov., P. imlilensis sp. nov., P. miroslavi sp. nov., P. moroccensis sp. nov., P. nigritellus sp. nov., P. rifensis sp. nov., P. shamshevi sp. nov. and P. taninensis sp. nov. Platypalpus albocapillatus Fallén, 1815 and P. boreoalpinus Frey, 1943 are recorded here for the first time from the whole of North Africa, with the first report of P. verbekei Grootaert & Chvála, 1992 from Morocco. Some species newly recorded from new biogeographical areas within the country are also reported here. Descriptions and illustrations of new species are provided, as well as distributions of all species recorded from Morocco.
We study the direct production of the JPC=1++ charmonium state χc1(1P) in electron-positron annihilation by carrying out an energy scan around the mass of the χc1(1P). The data were collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An interference pattern between the signal process e+e−→χc1(1P)→γJ/ψ→γμ+μ− and the background processes e+e−→γISRJ/ψ→γISRμ+μ− and e+e−→γISRμ+μ− are observed by combining all the data samples. The χc1(1P) signal is observed with a significance of 5.1σ. This is the first observation of a C-even state directly produced in e+e− annihilation. The electronic width of the χc1(1P) resonance is determined to be Γee=(0.12+0.13−0.08) eV, which is of the same order of magnitude as theoretical calculations.