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We focus in this paper on two prosodic phenomena in Chimwiini: vowel length and accent (or High tone). Vowel length is determined in part by a lexical distinction between long and short vowels, and also by various morphophonemic processes that derive long vowels. Accent is penult in the default case, but final under certain morphosyntactic conditions. In order to account for the distribution of vowel length and the location of accents in a Chimwiini sentence, it is necessary to segment sentences into a sequence of phonological phrases. This paper examines the phonological phrasing of both canonical relative clauses and what we refer to as "pseudo-relative" clauses. An account of relative clause phrasing is of critical importance in Chimwiini due to the extensive use of pseudo-relatives in the language. Close examination of the pseudo-relatives reveals that their phrasing is not exactly the same as the phrasing of canonical relative clauses.
In vielen Metaphern ist das Leben als Zielbereich enthalten. In einer idiombezogenen kognitivlinguistischen Untersuchung wurden diejenigen Ausgangsbereiche gesucht, auf die bei der Konzeptualisierung des Lebens zurückgegriffen wird, wenn deutsche metaphorische Idiome verwendet werden. Die metaphorischen Lebens-Idiome wurden dabei aus zwei verschiedenen Datenquellen, aus Wörterbüchern und aus dem Mannheimer IDS-Korpus gesammelt, mit Rücksicht auf die Problematik der introspektiven bzw. korpuslinguistischen Methoden (Kispál 2010). Als Ergebnis dieser Untersuchung ist eine Liste von 152 metaphorischen Lebens-Idiomen sowie eine Liste von 20 konzeptuellen Metaphern aufgestellt worden. Die metaphorischen Lebens-Idiome sind durch eine mehrfache Motiviertheit geprägt. Die Motiviertheit mehrerer Idiome kann dabei u. a. durch konzeptuelle Metaphern aufgezeigt werden, die die Konzeptualisierung des Lebens als Zyklus darstellen.
Ekphrasis is a tool used with the purpose opening different levels of meaning in a literary text, which can be seen in Patricia Görg’s tale “Glücksspagat”. In the tale, parallel to the representation of the daily life of the museums keeper Maat, the reader is faced with fragments of ekphrasises of paintings and TV-simulations. The richness of this tale is achieved particularly due to the alternations between the ekphrasises. This article discusses the various functions of the use of Ekphrasis and simulations in the tale and focuses on the way they contribute to the creation of meaning.
The interest of this work devotes itself to the repeating linguistic actions of the students in the DaF conversation lessons. Repetitions in the lesson discourse are functionally different than repetitions in the daily discourse. The support of repetitions by the students in the class discourse is tried to be demonstrated here on the basis of examples. Recordings from the DaF conversation lessons were transcribed and reconstructed according to Hiat. The kinds of the repetitions and their functions in these DaF conversation lessons are limited with this study. The findings of the study should be concerned consciously in order to accomplish a better understanding and reacting to these repeating actions of the students like inquiry, correction, confirmation, precautionary self-control, verification and confirmation in the conversation lessons –most of which are accomplished by the students for a certain aim however unconsciously.
Recently the changing and the internationalization of the German philology are increasing continually. On this development not only the cooperation of its actants plays an important role, but also the subject of the German philology itself has been extended. One of the factors of the extension of its subjects is the so called ‘intercultural literature’ in Germany, which is the result of the migration since the beginning of the sixties. In this kind of the literature, among other things, the cultural differences are made a subject of discussion with specific literary means. One of the novels of the intercultural literature is “Selam Berlin” written by Yade Kara. In this article, it should be worked out which identity discourses are developed, how the new social formation in Germany has an effect on the individuals and which role the self and strange perceptions play in this novel.
The idea of a global world is not a new idea as some may think. The idea was already on the agenda of many philosophers in the countries where German was native language. Leibniz’s, a universal philosopher, dream for an easy and common European Language dates back to the 16th century. His thoughts gains significance for the present idea of Globalizm, for a common language for all nations seems to be an essential prerequisite for a global world. Rotterdam, being a reformist and humanist philosopher, is also known to have used concepts and terms such as “Global Citizenship” and “World Citizen” . Similar expressions can also be found in Kant’s “World Citizenship Theory” in the 18th Century. Likewise, Marks and Engels are known to have used the concepts in the same way Kant and Rotterdam had formerly used them.
This paper aims at establishing a connection between the ideas of the 16th, 17th and 18th century philosophers and today’s projects to form a Global World in view of the significance and necessity of a common language in achieving that end.
The aim of this paper is to try to explain how the Tooro system, which phonologically lacks tone, has come into being, by examining comparatively the tone system of each language itself and also by closely looking at the differences which exist among the Haya, Ankole and Nyoro systems (Kiga data insufficient) in order to look for phonetic reasons of the tone changes.
Rilke in Salvador, Brasilien
(2010)
Im Jahr 1990 wurde in Salvador, Bahia, die Iniciativa Cultural Austro-Brasileira (ICAB) gegründet, eine Plattform für Vermittlung und Austausch österreichischer Kultur in Brasilien. [...] In allen folgenden Literaturveranstaltungen der ICAB (unter anderem zu Trakl, Schnitzler und Hofmannsthal) war Rilke ein fester Bestandteil, in Auszügen aus seiner Korrespondenz, in Lesungen und Zitaten.
The three 'Materialienbände' - 'Schnitte'; 'Rom, Blicke'; and 'Erkundungen für die Präzisierung des Gefühls für einen Aufstand' - that Rolf Dieter Brinkmann produced in the early 1970s have, in the last decade, gradually come to be recognized as central statements of a radically new cultural formation. A peculiar feature of this recognition, though, is the relative puzzlement that lingers over the question as to the 'form' of these volumes. That the three objects resist generic classification is by now a truism of the Brinkmann literature; yet even the construction of a cultural field within which the volumes might be compared to other works has remained elusive. The essay that follows, based largely on a reading of 'Rom, Blicke', is an attempt to construct precisely that cultural field.
In this paper I investigate the usage of the adverb and particle 'so' in spontaneous speech (interviews) collected from 21 speakers of the urban multi-ethnolectal youth language Kiezdeutsch. Speakers from the neighborhoods Kreuzberg and Wedding in Berlin are ranging in age from 14 to 18. The 1454 tokens of so available in the corpus (about 5 hours of speech) were classified into 10 different categories; some were structurally defined while others were defined along dimensions of meaning. Our current results indicate that there are differential usages patterns depending on the speaker's gender and age for some of these categories. Further, it appears that some patterns that have been attributed grammatical meaning may not appear frequently enough to establish a separate meaningful grammatical category. Rather, most instances of this kind of use of so appear to have a hedging function, indicating speakers' non-commitance to a specific circumstance.
In this study the relationship between NLP and Linguistics has been investigated. Korzybski, who is interested in the neurological aspect of language puts forth that an artificial identification has been established due to verb “to be”. The notion he developed because of this connection forms the basic idea of NLP. What Chomsky’s studies contribute to NLP are “surface - deep structure” in Generative Transformational Grammar approach. According to this we express what we utter in daily speech with surface structure, but we make them meaningful with deep structure. NLP has transformed this knowledge into various techniques and practices for a more effective communication and happier life.
Türkische Germanistik: Alternativen für eine realitätsnahe, inhaltliche und methodische Gestaltung
(2010)
It seems that philologies function as the centers for teaching foreign language from the angle of society. Although this kind of idea is not totally true, some problems in practice take attention. Theoretical knowledge is given in the linguistics and literature classes, but analytical and critical suggestions are rarely made in the lectures. This situation creates a contradiction between the students and the transfer of scientific idea and knowledge. If the lessons are not student-centered they will not motivate students. Shortly, the relation between theory and practice should take its place in teaching.
For making students think critically in literature and linguistics classes, from the respect of method and content, the subjects in the lessons should be questioned and discussed. But historical prejudices belonging to cultures should not be evaluated radically. Turkish Germanistics should be shaped in the respect of theory and content by thinking globally but not violating the essential principles of germanistics.
Ernst Zinn begann in den 30er Jahren mit der Konzeption einer philologisch einwandfreien Werkausgabe und wurde damit zum "Begründer der Rilke-Philologie", wie Michael von Albrecht es in seinem Nachruf auf Ernst Zinn 1990 formuliert hat. Doch was war es, was Ernst Zinn an Rilke fasziniert und an ihn gebunden hat? Schließlich wählte er nicht die Germanistik zu seinem eigentlichen Beruf, sondern wurde 1936 mit einer Arbeit zum "Wortakzent in den lyrischen Versen des Horaz" promoviert. Horaz und Rilke - bei aller Vielfalt im Werk Ernst Zinns bilden sie doch so etwas wie die Brennpunkte seines Schaffens. Was ist es, was ausgerechnet diese beiden Dichter verbindet?
"The documentation of... descriptive generalizations is sometimes clearer and more accessible when expressed in terms of a detailed formal reconstruction, but only in the rare and happy case that the formalism fits the data so well that the resulting account is clearer and easier to understand than the list of categories of facts that it encodes.... [If not], subsequent scholars must often struggle to decode a description in an out-of-date formal framework so as to work back to... the facts.... which they can re-formalize in a new way. Having experienced this struggle often ourselves, we have decided to accommodate our successors by providing them directly with a plainer account." (Akinlabi & Liberman 2000:24)
The article sketches a critical paradigm for interdisciplinary work that is centred on tension as a highly ambiguous and ultimately deeply paradoxical notion. It highlights that a unifying account of what tension is or a systematic classification of its diverse meanings would risk resolving tensions between different approaches and privileging a particular mode of doing so. Successively focussing on aesthetic, socio-political, and physical tensions, the essay articulates tension rather as a broad umbrella term that is stretched by multi-perspectival articulations, unified through its intensive surface tension, and at the same time full of transformative and generative potentials. In particular, it proposes that tensions between different cultural or disciplinary fields can be made productive by inducing tensions within each field so that different fields can be related to each other on the basis of tension rather than some substantial commonality.
The article shows that Heinrich Rückert is one of the most interesting voices within the corpus of texts showing German encounters with Islam in the 19th century. While actual reflections on the European and American relation to Islam are largely influenced by a point of view stressing a “Clash of Civilisations” (Samuel Huntington), especially after 9/11, Rückert's occupation with the texts and poems of Mevlana Rumi shows that the humanistic and poetic implications of Rumi’s work helped Rückert to find a poetic language that placed itself in the tradition of Goethes’s “West-östlicher Divan” and a German pantheism that is to be seen in the context of the “Spinoza renaissance” at the beginning of the 19th century. Islamic culture is in Rückert’s work a part of the heritage of mankind and of a humanism that goes far beyond the limits of eurocentrism.
Von vielen Überlebenden, die über das Erlittene geschrieben haben, ist bekannt, dass auch sie Schuld empfanden - viele von ihnen konnten "nicht mehr heimisch werden in der Welt", die "Schmach der Vernichtung" nicht mehr austilgen. Nicht selten endete ihr Überleben im Freitod, wie bei Jean Améry, Paul Celan und Primo Levi.
Rilke in meiner Familie
(2010)
Als Rilke starb, war ich neun Jahre alt. Mein Vater war Franz Hessel, ein Dichter, ein Schriftsteller und ein großer Übersetzer. Er hat Marcel Proust ins Deutsche übersetzt, eine große Balzac-Ausgabe betreut und war dem Rowohlt-Verlag jahrelang verbunden. Es ist mir aufgefallen, dass seine Generation ungefähr die Generation von Rainer Maria Rilke ist, und im Zusammenhang mit Rilke denke ich an drei, vier weitere Menschen aus dieser Generation, die mit meinem Vater in Verbindung standen.
Wenn ich über Franz Liszt spreche, dann über jemanden, der einen zweischneidigen Ruf genießt: Einerseits ist Liszt der berühmteste Klaviervirtuose seiner Zeit (und vielleicht aller Zeiten), als Komponist jedoch rangiert Liszt für viele, als Verfasser von Ungarischen Rhapsodien und Liebesträumen, in einem Register, das man Gehobene Unterhaltungsmusik nennen könnte. Ich möchte Ihnen hier eine andere Komposition von Liszt vorstellen, keine Rhapsodie, keinen Liebestraum - oder vielleicht doch? -, ein Stück jedenfalls, zu dem sich viele Geschichten erzählen lassen. Eine davon ist tatsächlich eine Liebesgeschichte und zugleich die Geschichte eines Skandals.