Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (392) (remove)
Language
- English (392) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (392)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (392)
Keywords
- Heavy Ion Experiments (19)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (11)
- Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) (10)
- LHC (8)
- Heavy-ion collision (7)
- Collective Flow (4)
- Petri net (4)
- Quark-Gluon Plasma (4)
- ALICE (3)
- ALICE experiment (3)
- Jets (3)
- Jets and Jet Substructure (3)
- (surface) partial differential equations (2)
- BioCreative V.5 (2)
- BioNLP (2)
- Charm physics (2)
- Computer science (2)
- Electroencephalography (2)
- F.4.1 (2)
- Finite Volumes (2)
- Heavy Ions (2)
- Heavy Quark Production (2)
- Kinect (2)
- Kongress (2)
- Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments) (2)
- Logic in computer science (2)
- Multimodal Learning Analytics (2)
- Named entity recognition (2)
- Particle Correlations and Fluctuations (2)
- Particle and resonance production (2)
- Pb–Pb collisions (2)
- QCD (2)
- Textanalyse ; Linguistische Datenverarbeitung; Computerlinguistik (2)
- agent-based modeling (2)
- amyloid precursor protein (2)
- artificial intelligence (2)
- computational virology (2)
- economics (2)
- hepatitis C virus (HCV) (2)
- hippocampus (2)
- massively parallel multigrid solvers (2)
- morphology (2)
- parameter estimation (2)
- population dynamics (2)
- pp collisions (2)
- presynaptic active zone (2)
- realistic geometries (2)
- septic shock (2)
- viral dynamics (2)
- 3D spatio-temporal resolved mathematical models (1)
- 3D spatiotemporal resolved mathematical models (1)
- 900 GeV (1)
- ALICE detector (1)
- ATPG (1)
- Active learning (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Adaptive process control (1)
- Agroecology (1)
- Alternate hydrophobicity (1)
- Amino acid pattern (1)
- Analog Circuits (1)
- Angiography (1)
- Anti-nuclei (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana metabolism (1)
- Artificial neural networks (1)
- Atrial fibrillation classification (1)
- Attention mechanism (1)
- Automatic (1)
- BFS (1)
- Beauty production (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Behavioural methods (1)
- Beta-sheet (1)
- Big Data (1)
- BigBench (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biomedical named entity recognition (1)
- Boosted Jets (1)
- Breaking knapsack cryptosystems (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- CABG (1)
- CBM detector (1)
- CEMP (1)
- CHEMDNER (1)
- CRF (1)
- CT (1)
- CTL (1)
- Cell staining (1)
- Cellular neural network (1)
- Centrality Class (1)
- Centrality Selection (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Collective Flow, (1)
- Comparison with QCD (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Computational Humanities (1)
- Computational geometry (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Computational neuroscience (1)
- Computational science (1)
- Computer Science (1)
- Continual deep learning (1)
- Convolutional Neural Networks (1)
- Cuneiform (1)
- Data exploration (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Deictic and iconic gestures (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Digital Humanities (1)
- Dirichlet bound (1)
- Dynamic Graph Algorithms (1)
- Dynamical systems (1)
- Effective Field Theories (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Electroweak interaction (1)
- Elliptic flow (1)
- Energy-efficiency (1)
- Equation of State (1)
- Event-related potential (1)
- Experimental Methods (1)
- External Memory (1)
- F.1.3 (1)
- Feasibility (1)
- Femtoscopy (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- Fourier-Motzkin algorithm (1)
- GPRO (1)
- GPU algorithms (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Generalized procrustes analysis (1)
- Geodesics (1)
- Gestural writing (1)
- Graph database (1)
- Graph theory (1)
- H.2.3 (1)
- HBT (1)
- Hadron production (1)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering Heavy (1)
- Hard Scattering (1)
- Heavy Ion Experiment (1)
- Heavy flavor production (1)
- Heavy flavour production (1)
- Heavy ions (1)
- Heavy-flavour decay muons (1)
- Heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Hematoxylin staining (1)
- Higher education (1)
- Histology (1)
- Hive (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- Hydrophobicity scale (1)
- Hypertext (1)
- I/O Model (1)
- Iconography (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Image schemata (1)
- In-TIPS thrombosis (1)
- Inclusive spectra (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Intensity interferometry (1)
- Invariant Mass Distribution (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- Jet Physics (1)
- Jet Substructure (1)
- Kinetic hypertext authoring (1)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (1)
- Knapsack problem (1)
- Kohonen map (1)
- Kohonen mapping (1)
- Kolmogorov complexity (1)
- Kryptosystem (1)
- LSTM (1)
- LTP (1)
- Lateral inhibited network (1)
- Lattice QCD (1)
- Lattice Quantum Field Theory (1)
- Lattice basis reduction (1)
- Learner goals (1)
- Learning analytics dashboard (1)
- Lifelong machine learning (1)
- Line reconstruction (1)
- Local field potential (1)
- Lymph nodes (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Manatee invariant (1)
- MapReduce (1)
- Mathematical model (1)
- Medical database (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Mid-rapidity (1)
- Minimum Bias (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Model Checking (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Multi-Parton Interactions (1)
- Multi-strange baryons (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Multiset independent component analysis (1)
- Museum information system (1)
- NF-κB pathway (1)
- NP-complete problems (1)
- NP-hardness (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Network models (1)
- Neural encoding models (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Noisy point clouds (1)
- Nuclear Physics (1)
- Nuclear modification factor (1)
- Numismatics (1)
- ORC (1)
- Object vision (1)
- Online-Publikation (1)
- Ontologies (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Open set recognition (1)
- Open world learning (1)
- Open-access data resource (1)
- PDE (1)
- PDEs (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Parameter estimation (1)
- Parquet (1)
- Particle and Resonance Production (1)
- Particle correlations and fluctuations (1)
- Pathologists (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Phase Diagram of QCD (1)
- Phase-reset (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- PointNet (1)
- Positive fluid balance (1)
- Postoperative atrial fibrillation (1)
- Preßburg <2003> (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Production Cross Section (1)
- Properties of Hadrons (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proton–proton (1)
- Q-modularity (1)
- Quantitative Imaging (1)
- Quark Deconfinement (1)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (1)
- Quark Production (1)
- Quark gluon plasma (1)
- Quarkonium (1)
- RBF-nets (1)
- RDF (1)
- Randomization (1)
- Rapidity Range (1)
- Relativistic heavy ion physics (1)
- Resolution Parameter (1)
- Resonances (1)
- Rubber extrusion (1)
- SMASH (1)
- SPARQL (1)
- SQL-on-Hadoop (1)
- Saward (1)
- Self-organized eigenvector jets (1)
- Self-regulated learning (1)
- Sense-making (1)
- Sequence analysis (1)
- Shortest lattice vector problem (1)
- Signaling pathway (1)
- Single electrons (1)
- Single muons (1)
- Social behaviour (1)
- SparkSQL (1)
- Specialized Information Service (1)
- Student-facing learning analytics (1)
- Subset sum problem (1)
- Sumerian (1)
- Systematic Uncertainty (1)
- TIPS (1)
- TR (1)
- Technology-Enhanced Learning (1)
- Text mining (1)
- Theoretische Informatik (1)
- Time Constraints (1)
- Time Projection Chamber (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Transform coding (1)
- Transition invariant (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (1)
- Translation (1)
- Transmembrane helix (1)
- Transmembrane sheets (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Trigger (1)
- Valve surgery (1)
- Vector Boson Production (1)
- Visual object recognition (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Web application (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- Z-inspection (1)
- acute infection (1)
- adaption (1)
- aging (1)
- alignment in communication structural coupling (1)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (1)
- approximation networks (1)
- big data (1)
- big data benchmarking (1)
- biochemical pathways (1)
- boutons (1)
- built-in self-test (1)
- calcium dynamics (1)
- cancer (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cellular neural nets (1)
- centrality (1)
- chemokine receptors (1)
- chosen ciphertext attack (1)
- chronic infection (1)
- classical Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- clinical presentation (1)
- clique problem (1)
- codon usage preferences (1)
- colorabdity (1)
- columnar file formats (1)
- common transition pairs (1)
- community (1)
- complementary information (1)
- compression (1)
- computer vision (1)
- continued fraction algorithm (1)
- corpus study (1)
- coupled differential equations (1)
- coupon collector problem (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- dancing (1)
- data orthonormalization network (1)
- data structures (1)
- deep learning (1)
- detailed modeling (1)
- differential equations (1)
- digital pathology (1)
- dissemination (1)
- e-Entropy (1)
- eHumanities (1)
- early warning signs (1)
- electrical stimulation (1)
- elementary mode (1)
- emergence (1)
- epistemic network analysis (1)
- ethical co-design (1)
- ethics (1)
- evolutionary associative learning (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- feedforward network layers (1)
- finite model theory (1)
- firing pattern (1)
- first-order logic (1)
- floating point arithmetic (1)
- functional module (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generic algorithm (1)
- generic group model (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- genotype–phenotype (1)
- graph algorithms (1)
- graph isomorphism (1)
- graph understanding (1)
- hashing (1)
- hawkes processes (1)
- healthcare (1)
- heavy ion collisions (1)
- heavy ion experiments (1)
- higher education (1)
- human lymph node (1)
- human viruses (1)
- hybrid (1)
- image analysis (1)
- image encoding (1)
- immune response (1)
- immune system (1)
- impact parameter (1)
- information conservation (1)
- information decomposition (1)
- information distribution (1)
- information landscape (1)
- integer relation (1)
- intertextual similarity (1)
- intratextual similarity (1)
- invariant transition pairs (1)
- kinetic fingerprint (1)
- knapsack cryptosystems (1)
- knowledge graphs (1)
- lattice basis reduction (1)
- lattices (1)
- linguistic linked open data (1)
- linguistic networks graph distance measures (1)
- linguistic relativity (1)
- linked open data (1)
- logic synthesis (1)
- logical networks (1)
- low-resource languages (1)
- lymph node (1)
- malignant melanoma (1)
- matching (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mathematical models of viral RNA cycle (1)
- matroids, online algorithm (1)
- maximal common transition set (1)
- maximal information gain (1)
- metabolic networks (1)
- minimal cut set (1)
- minimum description length (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- model parameter adaption (1)
- model verification (1)
- modeling (1)
- modeling and simulation (1)
- models of computation (1)
- morphological filtering (1)
- multiple correspondence analysis (1)
- multiple texts (1)
- mutation (1)
- mutual information (1)
- mutual information of graphs (1)
- network model (1)
- network reduction (1)
- network similarity measurement (1)
- neuromuscular junction (1)
- neuron (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- newspaper (1)
- noise suppression (1)
- nondetermmistlc Turing machines (1)
- ntracellular signaling (1)
- one-more decryption attack (1)
- optimization (1)
- ordinary differential equation (1)
- overfitting (1)
- packing problem (1)
- parallel (1)
- parliamentary debate (1)
- parsing (1)
- partial differential equation (1)
- phage (1)
- phage therapy (1)
- public speaking (1)
- quark gluon plasma (1)
- quicksort (1)
- random oracle model (1)
- rate-distortion theory (1)
- reception (1)
- redundancy (1)
- redundant information (1)
- representation (1)
- representative claims (1)
- resistance (1)
- restricted Hebbian learning (1)
- rosetting T cells (1)
- salsa (1)
- satlsfiablhty (1)
- secretary problem (1)
- segmentation (1)
- sensor-based learning support (1)
- shock filter (1)
- signed ElGamal encryption (1)
- simultaneous diophantine approximations (1)
- social media (1)
- sorting (1)
- specialized vocabulary (1)
- spectra (1)
- structure-function relationships (1)
- subset sum problems (1)
- succinct data structures (1)
- succinctness (1)
- synapse (1)
- synergistic interaction (1)
- synergy (1)
- syntax (1)
- systems biology (1)
- t-cluster (1)
- t-invariant (1)
- testability (1)
- text search (1)
- textbooks (1)
- three-level topic model (1)
- threshold concepts (1)
- trajectories (1)
- transition invariant (1)
- translational selection (1)
- trustworthy AI (1)
- trustworthy AI Co-design (1)
- unique information (1)
- volatility clustering (1)
- warts (1)
- weight resolutions (1)
- whitening filter (1)
- whole slide image (1)
- wikipedia (1)
- within-host viral modeling (1)
- within-host viral modelling (1)
- women’s quota (1)
- √sN N = 2.76 TeV (1)
Institute
- Informatik (392) (remove)
Recent lattice QCD results, comparing to a hadron resonance gas model, have shown the need for hundreds of particles in hadronic models. These extra particles influence both the equation of state and hadronic interactions within hadron transport models. Here, we introduce the PDG21+ particle list, which contains the most up-to-date database of particles and their properties. We then convert all particles decays into 2 body decays so that they are compatible with SMASH in order to produce a more consistent description of a heavy-ion collision.
Highlights
• Transparency of design, reference frames and support for action were found to support students' sense-making of LA dashboards.
• The higher the overall SRL score, the more relevant the three factors were perceived by learners.
• Learner goals affect how relevant students find reference frames.
• The SRL effect on the perceived relevance of transparency depends on learner goals.
Abstract
Unequal stakeholder engagement is a common pitfall of adoption approaches of learning analytics in higher education leading to lower buy-in and flawed tools that fail to meet the needs of their target groups. With each design decision, we make assumptions on how learners will make sense of the visualisations, but we know very little about how students make sense of dashboard and which aspects influence their sense-making. We investigated how learner goals and self-regulated learning (SRL) skills influence dashboard sense-making following a mixed-methods research methodology: a qualitative pre-study followed-up with an extensive quantitative study with 247 university students. We uncovered three latent variables for sense-making: transparency of design, reference frames and support for action. SRL skills are predictors for how relevant students find these constructs. Learner goals have a significant effect only on the perceived relevance of reference frames. Knowing which factors influence students' sense-making will lead to more inclusive and flexible designs that will cater to the needs of both novice and expert learners.
Current deep learning methods are regarded as favorable if they empirically perform well on dedicated test sets. This mentality is seamlessly reflected in the resurfacing area of continual learning, where consecutively arriving data is investigated. The core challenge is framed as protecting previously acquired representations from being catastrophically forgotten. However, comparison of individual methods is nevertheless performed in isolation from the real world by monitoring accumulated benchmark test set performance. The closed world assumption remains predominant, i.e. models are evaluated on data that is guaranteed to originate from the same distribution as used for training. This poses a massive challenge as neural networks are well known to provide overconfident false predictions on unknown and corrupted instances. In this work we critically survey the literature and argue that notable lessons from open set recognition, identifying unknown examples outside of the observed set, and the adjacent field of active learning, querying data to maximize the expected performance gain, are frequently overlooked in the deep learning era. Hence, we propose a consolidated view to bridge continual learning, active learning and open set recognition in deep neural networks. Finally, the established synergies are supported empirically, showing joint improvement in alleviating catastrophic forgetting, querying data, selecting task orders, while exhibiting robust open world application.
The ALICE Collaboration reports a differential measurement of inclusive jet suppression using pp and Pb−Pb collision data at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 in pp collisions and R= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in central (0−10%), semi-central (30−50%), and peripheral (60−80%) Pb−Pb collisions. A novel approach based on machine learning is employed to mitigate the influence of jet background. This enables measurements of inclusive jet suppression in new regions of phase space, including down to the lowest jet pT≥40 GeV/c at R=0.6 in central Pb−Pb collisions. This is an important step for discriminating different models of jet quenching in the quark-gluon plasma. The transverse momentum spectra, nuclear modification factors, derived cross section, and nuclear modification factor ratios for different jet resolution parameters of charged-particle jets are presented and compared to model predictions. A mild dependence of the nuclear modification factor ratios on collision centrality and resolution parameter is observed. The results are compared to a variety of jet-quenching models with varying levels of agreement.
The elliptic flow (v2) of D0 mesons from beauty-hadron decays (non-prompt D0) was measured in midcentral (30-50%) Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The D0 mesons were reconstructed at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) from their hadronic decay D0→K−π+, in the transverse momentum interval 2<pT<12 GeV/c. The result indicates a positive v2 for non-prompt D0 mesons with a significance of 2.7σ. The non-prompt D0-meson v2 is lower than that of prompt non-strange D mesons with 3.2σ significance in 2<pT<8 GeV/c, and compatible with the v2 of beauty-decay electrons. Theoretical calculations of beauty-quark transport in a hydrodynamically expanding medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
The azimuthal (Δφ) correlation distributions between heavy-flavor decay electrons and associated charged particles are measured in pp and p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for electrons with transverse momentum 4<pT<16 GeV/c and pseudorapidity |η|<0.6. The associated charged particles are selected with transverse momentum 1<pT<7 GeV/c, and relative pseudorapidity separation with the leading electron |Δη|<1. The correlation measurements are performed to study and characterize the fragmentation and hadronization of heavy quarks. The correlation structures are fitted with a constant and two von Mises functions to obtain the baseline and the near- and away-side peaks, respectively. The results from p−Pb collisions are compared with those from pp collisions to study the effects of cold nuclear matter. In the measured trigger electron and associated particle kinematic regions, the two collision systems give consistent results. The Δφ distribution and the peak observables in pp and p−Pb collisions are compared with calculations from various Monte Carlo event generators.
We report about the properties of the underlying event measured with ALICE at the LHC in pp and p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The event activity, quantified by charged-particle number and summed-pT densities, is measured as a function of the leading-particle transverse momentum (ptrigT). These quantities are studied in three azimuthal-angle regions relative to the leading particle in the event: toward, away, and transverse. Results are presented for three different pT thresholds (0.15, 0.5, and 1 GeV/c) at mid-pseudorapidity (|η|<0.8). The event activity in the transverse region, which is the most sensitive to the underlying event, exhibits similar behaviour in both pp and p−Pb collisions, namely, a steep increase with ptrigT for low ptrigT, followed by a saturation at ptrigT≈5 GeV/c. The results from pp collisions are compared with existing measurements at other centre-of-mass energies. The quantities in the toward and away regions are also analyzed after the subtraction of the contribution measured in the transverse region. The remaining jet-like particle densities are consistent in pp and p−Pb collisions for ptrigT>10 GeV/c, whereas for lower ptrigT values the event activity is slightly higher in p−Pb than in pp collisions. The measurements are compared with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC Monte Carlo event generators.
Two-particle correlations with K0S, Λ/Λ¯, and charged hadrons as trigger particles in the transverse momentum range 8<pT,trig<16 GeV/c, and associated charged particles within 1<pT,assoc<8 GeV/c, are studied at mid-rapidity in pp and central Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. After subtracting the contributions of the flow background, the per-trigger yields are extracted on both the near and away sides, and the ratio in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions (IAA) is computed. The per-trigger yield in Pb-Pb collisions on the away side is strongly suppressed to the level of IAA≈0.6 for pT,assoc>3 GeV/c as expected from strong in-medium energy loss, while an enhancement develops at low pT,assoc on both the near and away sides, reaching IAA≈1.8 and 2.7 respectively. These findings are in good agreement with previous ALICE measurements from two-particle correlations triggered by neutral pions (π0-h) and charged hadrons (h-h) in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV. Moreover, the correlations with K0S mesons and Λ/Λ¯ baryons as trigger particles are compared to those of inclusive charged hadrons. The results are compared with the predictions of Monte Carlo models.
The first measurement of the e+e− pair production at low lepton pair transverse momentum (pT,ee) and low invariant mass (mee) in non-central Pb−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV at the LHC is presented. The dielectron production is studied with the ALICE detector at midrapidity (|ηe|<0.8) as a function of invariant mass (0.4≤mee<2.7 GeV/c2) in the 50−70% and 70−90% centrality classes for pT,ee<0.1 GeV/c, and as a function of pT,ee in three mee intervals in the most peripheral Pb−Pb collisions. Below a pT,ee of 0.1 GeV/c, a clear excess of e+e− pairs is found compared to the expectations from known hadronic sources and predictions of thermal radiation from the medium. The mee excess spectra are reproduced, within uncertainties, by different predictions of the photon−photon production of dielectrons, where the photons originate from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly Lorentz-contracted Pb nuclei. Lowest-order quantum electrodynamic (QED) calculations, as well as a model that takes into account the impact-parameter dependence of the average transverse momentum of the photons, also provide a good description of the pT,ee spectra. The measured ⟨p2T,ee⟩−−−−−√ of the excess pT,ee spectrum in peripheral Pb−Pb collisions is found to be comparable to the values observed previously at RHIC in a similar phase-space region.
The production of K∗(892)± meson resonance is measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Pb−Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The resonance is reconstructed via its hadronic decay channel K∗(892)±→K0Sπ±. The transverse momentum distributions are obtained for various centrality intervals in the pT range of 0.4−16 GeV/c . Measurements of integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and particle yield ratios are reported and found to be consistent with previous ALICE measurements for K∗(892)0 within uncertainties. The pT-integrated yield ratio 2K∗(892)±/(K++K−) in central Pb−Pb collisions shows a significant suppression at a level of 9.3σ relative to pp collisions. Thermal model calculations result in an overprediction of the particle yield ratio. Although both hadron resonance gas in partial chemical equilibrium (HRG-PCE) and music + smash simulations consider the hadronic phase, only HRG-PCE accurately represents the measurements, whereas music + smash simulations tend to overpredict the particle yield ratio. These observations, along with the kinetic freeze-out temperatures extracted from the yields measured for light-flavored hadrons using the HRG-PCE model, indicate a finite hadronic phase lifetime, which decreases with increasing collision centrality percentile. The pT-differential yield ratios 2K∗(892)±/(K++K−) and 2K∗(892)±/(π++π−) are presented and compared with measurements in pp collisions at √s=5.02 TeV. Both pa rticle ratios are found to be suppressed by up to a factor of five at pT<2.0 GeV/c in central Pb−Pb collisions and are qualitatively consistent with expectations for rescattering effects in the hadronic phase. The nuclear modification factor (RAA) shows a smooth evolution with centrality and is found to be below unity at pT>8 GeV/c, consistent with measurements for other light-flavored hadrons. The smallest values are observed in most central collisions, indicating larger energy loss of partons traversing the dense medium.
A new, more precise measurement of the Λ hyperon lifetime is performed using a large data sample of Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN p ¼ 5.02 TeV with ALICE. The Λ and Λ¯ hyperons are reconstructed at midrapidity using their two-body weak decay channel Λ → p þ π− and Λ¯ → p¯ þ πþ. The measured value of the Λ lifetime is τΛ ¼ ½261.07 0.37ðstat:Þ 0.72ðsyst:Þ ps. The relative difference between the lifetime of Λ and Λ¯ , which represents an important test of CPT invariance in the strangeness sector, is also measured. The obtained value ðτΛ − τΛ¯Þ=τΛ ¼ 0.0013 0.0028ðstat:Þ 0.0021ðsyst:Þ is consistent with zero within the uncertainties. Both measurements of the Λ hyperon lifetime and of the relative difference between τΛ and τΛ¯ are in agreement with the corresponding world averages of the Particle Data Group and about a factor of three more precise.
The production of prompt +c baryons has been measured at midrapidity in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 1 GeV/c for the first time, in pp and p–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision √sNN = 5.02 TeV. The measurement was performed in the decay channel +c → pK0S by applying new decay reconstruction techniques using a Kalman-Filter vertexing algorithm and adopting a machine-learning approach for the candidate selection. The pT -integrated +c production cross sections in both collision systems were determined and used along with the measured yields in Pb–Pb collisions to compute the pT -integrated nuclear modification factors RpPb and RAA of +c baryons, which are compared to model calculations that consider nuclear modification of the parton distribution functions. The +c /D0 baryon-to-meson yield ratio is reported for pp and p–Pb collisions. Comparisons with models that include modified hadronization processes are presented, and the implications of the results on the understanding of charm hadronization in hadronic collisions are discussed. A significant (3.7σ) modification of the mean transverse momentum of + c baryons is seen in p–Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions, while the pT -integrated +c /D0 yield ratio was found to be consistent between the two collision systems within the uncertainties.
The human immune system is determined by the functionality of the human lymph node. With the use of high-throughput techniques in clinical diagnostics, a large number of data is currently collected. The new data on the spatiotemporal organization of cells offers new possibilities to build a mathematical model of the human lymph node - a virtual lymph node. The virtual lymph node can be applied to simulate drug responses and may be used in clinical diagnosis. Here, we review mathematical models of the human lymph node from the viewpoint of cellular processes. Starting with classical methods, such as systems of differential equations, we discuss the values of different levels of abstraction and methods in the range from artificial intelligence techniques formalism.
The inclusive production of the charm-strange baryon Ω0c is measured for the first time via its semileptonic decay into Ω−e+νe at midrapidity (|y| < 0.8) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ω0c → Ω−e+νe)/BR(Ω0c → Ω−π+) is measured to be 1.12 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.27 (syst.). Comparisons with other experimental measurements, as well as with theoretical calculations, are presented.
The measurement of the production of deuterons, tritons and 3He and their antiparticles in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV is presented in this article. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity (y|< 0.5) as a function of collision centrality using the ALICE detector. The pT-integrated yields, the coalescence parameters and the ratios to protons and antiprotons are reported and compared with nucleosynthesis models. The comparison of these results in different collision systems at different center-of-mass collision energies reveals a suppression of nucleus production in small systems. In the Statistical Hadronisation Model framework, this can be explained by a small correlation volume where the baryon number is conserved, as already shown in previous fluctuation analyses. However, a different size of the correlation volume is required to describe the proton yields in the same data sets. The coalescence model can describe this suppression by the fact that the wave functions of the nuclei are large and the fireball size starts to become comparable and even much smaller than the actual nucleus at low multiplicities.
The knowledge of the material budget with a high precision is fundamental for measurements of direct photon production using the photon conversion method due to its direct impact on the total systematic uncertainty. Moreover, it influences many aspects of the charged-particle reconstruction performance. In this article, two procedures to determine data-driven corrections to the material-budget description in ALICE simulation software are developed. One is based on the precise knowledge of the gas composition in the Time Projection Chamber. The other is based on the robustness of the ratio between the produced number of photons and charged particles, to a large extent due to the approximate isospin symmetry in the number of produced neutral and charged pions. Both methods are applied to ALICE data allowing for a reduction of the overall material budget systematic uncertainty from 4.5% down to 2.5%. Using these methods, a locally correct material budget is also achieved. The two proposed methods are generic and can be applied to any experiment in a similar fashion.
Long- and short-range correlations for pairs of charged particles are studied via two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at √sNN = 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle ∆φ and pseudorapidity separation ∆η for pairs of primary charged particles within the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 0.9 and the transverse-momentum interval 1 < pT < 4 GeV/c. Flow coefficients are extracted for the long-range correlations (1.6 < |∆η| < 1.8) in various high-multiplicity event classes using the low-multiplicity template fit method. The method is used to subtract the enhanced yield of away-side jet fragments in high-multiplicity events. These results show decreasing flow signals toward lower multiplicity events. Furthermore, the flow coefficients for events with hard probes, such as jets or leading particles, do not exhibit any significant changes compared to those obtained from high-multiplicity events without any specific event selection criteria. The results are compared with hydrodynamic-model calculations, and it is found that a better understanding of the initial conditions is necessary to describe the results, particularly for low-multiplicity events.
The free energy of TAP-solutions for the SK-model of mean field spin glasses can be expressed as a nonlinear functional of local terms: we exploit this feature in order to contrive abstract REM-like models which we then solve by a classical large deviations treatment. This allows to identify the origin of the physically unsettling quadratic (in the inverse of temperature) correction to the Parisi free energy for the SK-model, and formalizes the true cavity dynamics which acts on TAP-space, i.e. on the space of TAP-solutions. From a non-spin glass point of view, this work is the first in a series of refinements which addresses the stability of hierarchical structures in models of evolving populations.
Graph4Med: a web application and a graph database for visualizing and analyzing medical databases
()
Background: Medical databases normally contain large amounts of data in a variety of forms. Although they grant significant insights into diagnosis and treatment, implementing data exploration into current medical databases is challenging since these are often based on a relational schema and cannot be used to easily extract information for cohort analysis and visualization. As a consequence, valuable information regarding cohort distribution or patient similarity may be missed. With the rapid advancement of biomedical technologies, new forms of data from methods such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) or chromosome microarray (array CGH) are constantly being generated; hence it can be expected that the amount and complexity of medical data will rise and bring relational database systems to a limit.
Description: We present Graph4Med, a web application that relies on a graph database obtained by transforming a relational database. Graph4Med provides a straightforward visualization and analysis of a selected patient cohort. Our use case is a database of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Along routine patients’ health records it also contains results of latest technologies such as NGS data. We developed a suitable graph data schema to convert the relational data into a graph data structure and store it in Neo4j. We used NeoDash to build a dashboard for querying and displaying patients’ cohort analysis. This way our tool (1) quickly displays the overview of patients’ cohort information such as distributions of gender, age, mutations (fusions), diagnosis; (2) provides mutation (fusion) based similarity search and display in a maneuverable graph; (3) generates an interactive graph of any selected patient and facilitates the identification of interesting patterns among patients.
Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of a graph database for storing and querying medical databases. Our dashboard allows a fast and interactive analysis and visualization of complex medical data. It is especially useful for patients similarity search based on mutations (fusions), of which vast amounts of data have been generated by NGS in recent years. It can discover relationships and patterns in patients cohorts that are normally hard to grasp. Expanding Graph4Med to more medical databases will bring novel insights into diagnostic and research.