Refine
Year of publication
- 2020 (1886) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1886) (remove)
Language
- English (1387)
- German (402)
- Portuguese (40)
- Turkish (23)
- French (16)
- Spanish (11)
- Italian (3)
- slo (3)
- Multiple languages (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1886)
Keywords
- Deutsch (38)
- taxonomy (35)
- COVID-19 (20)
- inflammation (18)
- SARS-CoV-2 (15)
- Coronavirus (14)
- Übersetzung (14)
- Literatur (13)
- new species (12)
- Ästhetik (12)
Institute
- Medizin (605)
- Physik (138)
- Biowissenschaften (110)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (71)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (69)
- Präsidium (59)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (49)
- Informatik (44)
- Psychologie (44)
- Biochemie und Chemie (43)
We discuss the potential of light-nuclei measurements in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies for the search of the hypothetical QCD critical end-point. A previous proposal based on neutron density fluctuations has brought appealing experimental evidences of a maximum in the ratio of the number of tritons times protons, divided over deuterons square, O tpd. However these results are difficult to reconcile with the state-of-the-art statistical thermal model predictions. Based on the idea that the QCD critical point can lead to a substantial attraction among nucleons, we propose new light-nuclei multiplicity ratios involving He in which the maximum would be more noticeable. We argue that the experimental extraction is feasible by presenting these ratios formed from actual measurements of total and differential yields at low and high collision energies from FOPI and ALICE experiments, respectively. We also illustrate the possible behavior of these ratios at intermediate energies applying a semiclassical method based on flucton paths using the preliminary NA49 and STAR data for O tpd as input.
Türkiye'de 1998 yılından bu yana üniversitelerde lisans düzeyinde uygulanmakta olan Çift Anadal Programları, şartları sağlayabilen öğrencilere iki ayrı anadaldan aynı zamanda mezun olma şansı tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu programları bütün yönleri ile Almanca Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin gözünden incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Buna yönelik olarak veri toplamak için bir anket geliştirilmiş ve bu anket Türkiye'deki altı üniversitenin Almanca Öğretmenliği Programı öğrencisi olan 513 kişi üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre çift anadala katılımcıların ilgisi beklenilenin çok üstündedir. Katılımcılar özellikle ileride atanma şanslarını çift diploma sayesinde artırmak için çift anadal yapmak istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğu İngilizce Öğretmenliği bölümünde çift anadal yapmak isterken bu seçimin başlıca nedenleri olarak katılımcıların İngilizce dil bilgilerinin iyi olması ve bu bölümün atanma oranlarının yüksek olması bulunmuştur. Katılımcılar, çift anadal sayesinde disiplinlerarası çalışma becerilerinin gelişmesine ve çift anadalın hem mesleki hem de bilişsel birçok faydası olduğuna da işaret etmişlerdir. Bununla beraber çift anadal yapmak katılımcılar tarafından stresli, zaman açısından ve iş yükü bakımından zor bir program olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre çift anadalın daha da geliştirilmesi ve sorunlarının ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler verilmiştir.
This work presents, to our knowledge, the first completely passive imaging with human-body-emitted radiation in the lower THz frequency range using a broadband uncooled detector. The sensor consists of a Si CMOS field-effect transistor with an integrated log-spiral THz antenna. This THz sensor was measured to exhibit a rather flat responsivity over the 0.1–1.5-THz frequency range, with values of the optical responsivity and noise-equivalent power of around 40 mA/W and 42 pW/√Hz, respectively. These values are in good agreement with simulations which suggest an even broader flat responsivity range exceeding 2.0 THz. The successful imaging demonstratestheimpressivethermalsensitivitywhichcanbeachievedwithsuchasensor. Recording of a 2.3×7.5-cm2-sized image of the fingers of a hand with a pixel size of 1 mm2 at a scanning speed of 1 mm/s leads to a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and a noise-equivalent temperature difference of 4.4 K. This approach shows a new sensing approach with field-effect transistors as THz detectors which are usually used for active THz detection.
Genel Edebiyat Biliminin bir dalı olan "Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat", farklı dillerde yazılmış edebi eserlerin, benzerlik ve farklılıklar yönünden karşılaştırılmasıdır. Karşılaştırmaya dayalı analizlerdeki amaç, iki ya da daha fazla eserin, biçim, üslup, motif ve ya tema gibi edebi unsurlar açısından ortak ve ya farklı öğelerini belirlemektir. Edebi metinlerde kullanılan dilsel öğeleri inceleme alanı olan "Biçembilim", okuyucunun metinleri anlamasını sağlayan en önemli araçlardan biridir. Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat bilimi kapsamında çevirinin önemi yadsınamaz ve bir metin ile çevirisi, mukayeseli çalışma alanlarından biridir. Bu araştırmanın özünü, kaynak metin ve erek metin arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları örneklendirmek adına karşılaştırmalı edebi çeviri örneği oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada, William Shakespeare'in "Sonnet 66" şiirinin Türk edebiyatçı Can Yücel tarafından "66. Sone" olarak çevirisinin, Katharina Reiss'in "içerik odaklı" çeviri modeline dayanarak nasıl yorumlandığı incelenmiştir.
Evrensel bir konu olan savaş, her milleti derinden etkileyen en önemli olgulardan sayılmaktadır ve yansıması Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatın en seçkin konularından biridir. Savaşlar yüzünden birçok farklı kültürde, toplumsal dengeler bozulmuş, cinsiyetçi roller değişmiş ve "yeni kadın" olgusu öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 20. yüzyılın kadın Türk edebiyatçılarından biri olan Halide Edip Adıvar'ın 'Ateşten Gömlek' (1922) romanında ve İngiliz edebiyatçı David Herbert Lawrence'ın 'Tilki' ('The Fox') (1922) hikâyesinde "yeni kadın" kavramı karşılaştırmalı edebiyat yöntemi ile analiz edildi. Her iki eserin yansıttığı dönemin tarihsel ve sosyal örgüsü metin inceleme yöntemi ile incelendi. Çalışmanın özü, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin savaş dönemlerinde farklı kültürlerin edebiyatlarındaki yansımasını kapsar. İncelemedeki bulguların sonucunda, farklı kültürlerde farklı cinsiyetlere ait yazarlar tarafından ele alınmış olsa da, Adıvar'ın 'Ateşten Gömlek' ve Lawrence'ın 'Tilki' adlı eserinde, savaşın cinsiyet rollerine etkisinin benzer şekilde yansıtıldığı gözlenmiştir. Bu sebeple, bu çalışma, diğer karşılaştırmalı edebi incelemelere ve savaş edebiyatında kadın kimliğinin tanımlanmasına yönelik araştırmalara katkı sağlayabilecek içeriktedir.
Joseph Roth, ein Autor, dessen Werke der sogenannten deutschsprachigen österreichischen Exilliteratur zugeschrieben werden können, stellt in seinem Roman "Das falsche Gewicht" 1937, die Geschichte eines Eichmeisters dar, der nach viele Jahren Militärdienst einem Grenzgebiet namens Zlotogrod zugeteilt wurde. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Heimatauffassung Galiziens im dargestellten Werk und untersucht nach einem kurzen Überblick die Bedeutung des Wortes Heimat und Schlüsselbereiche wie Heimatromane und das typologische Modell des traditionellen Heimatromans. Die allgemeinen Aspekte des Heimatromans fußen weitgehend auf Karlheinz Rossbachers Auffassung, die von Andrea Kunne weitläufig vorangetrieben wurde. Die Aufteilung von Kunne in zwei vereinfachte Gruppen berücksichtigt nur die grundlegendsten Merkmale dieses Genres und wird daher ausschließlich für den Zweck dieser Studie verwendet. Im zweiten Schritt werden Vergleiche und Analysen anhand von Beispielen aus dem Werk des Autors durchgeführt. Ziel ist es daher, das Werk des Autors zu untersuchen und aufzuzeigen, wie die Kritik des betreffenden Landes durch die literarische Kunst reflektiert wird. Schließlich wird eine Auswertung der Ergebnisse veranschaulicht.
Namen sind seit Jahrhunderten ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Lebens der Menschen. Die Auswahl eines geeigneten Namens spielt für viele Eltern eine große Rolle für ihr Kind. Infolgedessen ist die Benennung nach der Geburt für alle Kulturen ein äußerst wichtiges Ereignis. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Vornamen im Deutschen und im Türkischen untersucht, die aus Blumennamen stammen. Das Ziel ist es, herauszufinden, aus welchen Sprachen die Vornamen mit Blumennamen ins Türkische und Deutsche entlehnt worden sind, und ob es Parallelen und Unterschiede bei der Frequenz der entlehnten Vornamen aus unterschiedlichen Sprachen und beim Gebrauch von bestimmten Blumenarten gibt.
Es ist nicht zu übersehen, dass Migration und Flucht seit langem in Deutschland als Problem und besonders Integration für den sozialen Zusammenhalt als unbedingt notwendig dargestellt werden. Weder die Einheimischen noch die Einwanderer hatten von der Sprache und Kultur voneinander viel Ahnung und die Einheimischen verlangten bald die Integration, da sie dachten, dass alle Probleme, die die Arbeitsmigranten und Flüchtlinge verursachten, durch die Integration gelöst würden, und ein friedliches Zusammenleben in diesen Sprach- und Kulturkonflikten ermöglicht würde. So wurde das Wort "Integration" in Deutschland seit den 70er Jahren ein Zentralbegriff in der Migration. Es ist auch erfreulich zu beobachten, wie immer mehr deutsche AutorInnen die Migranten-und Flüchtlingskinder, ihr Konfliktpotential und ihre Integration in die deutsche Gesellschaft in ihren Werken behandeln, die zur Zeit in der problemorientierten realistischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur einen wichtigen Platz einnehmen. Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich einerseits auf die aktuelle deutsche Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, in der es um Kinder und Jugendliche mit Migrations- und Fluchthintergrund geht, andererseits wird versucht, anhand der literarischen Textanalysen ausgewählter Kinder- und Jugendbücher aufzuzeigen, ob die Integrationsbestrebungen dieser Kinder und Jugendlichen erfolgreich waren oder gescheitert sind.
Johannes Schiltberger, 1394-1427 yılları arasında Türkiye, Suriye, Mısır, İran, Orta Asya ve Sibirya'da esir olarak yaşayıp gördüklerini "Türkler ve Tatarlar Arasında (1394-1427)" başlıklı kitabında yazıya geçirir. Çok değişik insan coğrafyalarında bulunmuş olmasından dolayı Schiltberger'in Türkleri insani özellikleri bakımından diğer halklarla karşılaştırma yoluna gideceğini varsayıyoruz. Hans Ulrich Krafft ise 24 Ağustos 1574 yılında borç yüzünden Osmanlı-Türk makamlarınca tutuklanır. 24 Ağustos 1577 yılında tahliye edilir ve memleketine dönmek üzere yola çıkar ve ancak 9 Aralık 1578'de vatanına kavuşur. Mesleği tacirlik olan H. U. Krafft'ın Osmanlı toplumunda geçerli ticaret ve ticari ilişkiler hakkında hassasiyeti olacağından, gözlemlerinde bunlara yer vereceğini düşünüyoruz. Bu makalede her iki Almanın anılarında İstanbul'un fethi öncesi ve sonra sosyal hayatta gözlemlenen değerler ve değer yargıları ele alınacaktır. Öncelikle sosyal, ahlaki, insani değerler her bir eserde tespit edilecek, sonra bunlar 150 yıllık süre bağlamında karşılaştırılarak Osmanlı-Türk Toplumunda değerler değişimi olup olmadığı ve var ise bunların olası nedenleri üzerinde duracağız.
Bundan 61 yıl önce, 1959 yılında Eskişehir Maarif Koleji binasında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'na bağlı olarak gece eğitimi vermek üzere üç yıllık bir Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu (MEB YDYO) kuruldu. Okul İngilizce Bölümü'nden müteşekkildi. Yüksekokulun müdürlüğünü de İngilizce öğretmeni Ahmet Cemal AŞAN yapıyordu. Onun yardımcılığına da Almanca öğretmeni Okt. Recep GÖK atanmıştı. 1980-1981 eğitim öğretim yılında ilk öğrencilerini alan Almanca Bölümü'nde Almanca öğretmeni Seyyare DUMAN ve Ali GÜLTEKİN de öğretim görevlisi olarak ders veriyorlardı.
Recent data have suggested that performing recanalizing therapies in ischemic stroke might lead to an increased risk of acute symptomatic seizures. This applies to both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. We therefore determined the frequency of acute symptomatic seizures attributable to these two recanalization therapies using a large, population-based stroke registry in Central Europe. We performed two matched 1:1 case–control analyses. In both analyses, patients were matched for age, stroke severity on admission and pre-stroke functional status. The first analysis compared patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis to a non-recanalization control group. To isolate the effect of mechanical thrombectomy, we compared patients with both mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis to those with only intravenous thrombolysis treatment in a second analysis. From 135,117 patients in the database, 13,356 patients treated with only intravenous thrombolysis, and 1013 patients treated with both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy were each matched to an equivalent number of controls. Patients with intravenous thrombolysis did not suffer from clinically apparent acute symptomatic seizures significantly more often than non-recanalized patients (treatment = 199; 1.5% vs. control = 237; 1.8%, p = 0.07). Mechanical thrombectomy in addition to intravenous thrombolysis also was not associated with an increased risk of acute symptomatic seizures, as the same number of patients suffered from seizures in the treatment and control group (both n = 17; 1.7%, p = 1). In a large population-based stroke registry, the frequency of clinically apparent acute symptomatic seizures was not increased in patients who received either intravenous thrombolysis alone or in conjunction with mechanical thrombectomy.
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score is the most frequently used score worldwide for assessing the clinical severity of a stroke. Prior research suggested an association between acute symptomatic seizures after stroke and poorer outcome. We determined the frequency of acute seizures after ischemic stroke in a large population-based registry in a central European region between 2004 and 2016 and identified risk factors for acute seizures in univariate and multivariate analyses. Additionally, we determined the influence of seizures on morbidity and mortality in a matched case–control design. Our analysis of 135,117 cases demonstrated a seizure frequency of 1.3%. Seizure risk was 0.6% with an NIHSS score at admission <3 points and increased up to 7.0% with >31 score points. Seizure risk was significantly higher in the presence of acute non-neurological infections (odds ratio: 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 2.8–4.1). A lower premorbid functional level also significantly increased seizure risk (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4–2.0). Mortality in patients with acute symptomatic seizures was almost doubled when compared to controls matched for age, gender, and stroke severity. Acute symptomatic seizures increase morbidity and mortality in ischemic stroke. Their odds increase with a higher NIHSS score at admission.
A systematic review on the burden of illness in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
(2020)
Objective: This review will summarize current knowledge on the burden of illness (BOI) in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a multisystem genetic disorder manifesting with hamartomas throughout the body, including mainly the kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, heart, and lungs.
Methods: We performed a systematic analysis of the available literature on BOI in TSC according to the PRISMA guidelines. All studies irrespective of participant age that reported on individual and societal measures of disease burden (e.g. health care resource use, costs, quality of life) were included.
Results: We identified 33 studies reporting BOI in TSC patients. Most studies (21) reported health care resource use, while 14 studies reported quality of life and 10 studies mentioned costs associated with TSC. Only eight research papers reported caregiver BOI. Substantial BOI occurs from most manifestations of the disorder, particularly from pharmacoresistant epilepsy, neuropsychiatric, renal and skin manifestations. While less frequent, pulmonary complications also lead to a high individual BOI. The range for the mean annual direct costs varied widely between 424 and 98,008 International Dollar purchasing power parities (PPP-$). Brain surgery, end-stage renal disease with dialysis, and pulmonary complications all incur particularly high costs. There is a dearth of information regarding indirect costs in TSC. Mortality overall is increased compared to general population; and most TSC related deaths occur as a result of complications from seizures as well as renal complications. Long term studies report mortality between 4.8 and 8.3% for a follow-up of 8 to 17.4 years.
Conclusions: TSC patients and their caregivers have a high burden of illness, and TSC patients incur high costs in health care systems. At the same time, the provision of inadequate treatment that does not adhere to published guidelines is common and centralized TSC care is received by no more than half of individuals who need it, especially adults. Further studies focusing on the cost effectiveness and BOI outcomes of coordinated TSC care as well as of new treatment options such as mTOR inhibitors are necessary.
The purpose of this study was to identify distinctive mental health profiles for industrial psychologists based on the Mental Health Continuum. Further, it aimed to determine how these profiles differ with respect to work-role fit, meaningfulness and work engagement. It also aimed to investigate whether industrial psychologists within managerial or specialist differ in respect of different types of mental health. An online cross-sectional survey design was employed to draw a census sample (n = 274) from all South African industrial psychologists. A biographical questionnaire, the Work-Role Fit Scale, the Psychological Meaningfulness Scale, the Work Engagement Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form were administered. Descriptive statistics, correlations, latent profile analysis, MANOVAs and ANOVAs were computed. Three mental health profiles for industrial psychologists were identified: languishing, moderately mentally healthy and flourishing. Significant differences between the three mental health profiles and experiences of meaningful work-role fit and work engagement were found, but not between experiences of managerial roles. The results show that individuals with different mental health profiles, experience work and its related outcomes, differently. Therefore, in order to enhance meaningful work-role fit and work engagement of industrial psychologists, a one-size-fits-all model may not be appropriate.
Editorial: Positive organizational interventions: contemporary theories, approaches and applications
(2020)
Despite the popularity of the term Positive Psychological Coaching within the literature, there is no consensus as to how it should be defined (framed) or what the components of a positive coaching “model” should include. The aim of this systematic review was to define positive psychological coaching and to construct a clear demarcated positive psychological coaching model based on the literature. A systematic literature review led to the extraction of 2,252 records. All records were screened using specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, which resulted in the exclusion of records based on duplicates (n = 1,232), titles (n = 895), abstracts (n = 78), and criteria violations (n = 23). Twenty-four academic, peer-reviewed publications on positive psychological coaching were included. Data relating to conceptual definitions and coaching models/phases/frameworks were extracted and processed through thematic content analysis. Our results indicate that positive psychological coaching can be defined as a short to medium term professional, collaborative relationship between a client and coach, aimed at the identification, utilization, optimization, and development of personal strengths and resources in order to enhance positive states, traits and behaviors. Utilizing Socratic goal setting and positive psychological evidence-based approaches to facilitate personal growth, optimal functioning, enhanced wellbeing, and the actualization of people's potential. Further, eight critical components of a positive psychological coaching model were identified and discussed. The definition and coaching process identified in this study will provide coaches with a fundamental positive psychological framework for optimizing people's potential.
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (i.e., factorial validity, measurement invariance, and reliability) of the Grit-Original scale (Grit-O) within the Netherlands. The Grit-O scale was subjected to a competing measurement modeling strategy that sequentially compared both independent cluster model confirmatory factor analytical- and exploratory structural equation modeling approaches. The results showed that both a two first order, bi-factor structure as well as a less restrictive two factor ESEM factorial structure best-fitted the data. The instrument showed to be reliable at both a lower- (Cronbach’s alpha) and upper-level (composite reliability) limit. However, measurement invariance between genders could only be established for the B-ICM-CFA model. Finally, concurrent validity was established through relating the GRIT-O to task performance. The linear use of the Grit-O scale should therefore carefully be considered.