Refine
Document Type
- Article (4)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (5)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (5)
Keywords
- Chondral Lesion (1)
- MEDIC (1)
- MRI (1)
- Patellofemoral Joint (1)
- STIR (1)
- chronic granulomatous disease (1)
- early onset (1)
- neonate (1)
- outcome (1)
- symptoms (1)
Institute
- Medizin (5)
Hypoxia enhances the antiglioma cytotoxicity of b10, a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid
(2014)
B10 is a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid with promising activity against glioma cells. Lysosomal cell death pathways appear to be essential for its cytotoxicity. We investigated the influence of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation and current standard therapies on B10 cytotoxicity. The human glioma cell lines LN-308 and LNT-229 were exposed to B10 alone or together with irradiation, temozolomide, nutrient deprivation or hypoxia. Cell growth and viability were evaluated by crystal violet staining, clonogenicity assays, propidium iodide uptake and LDH release assays. Cell death was examined using an inhibitor of lysosomal acidification (bafilomycin A1), a cathepsin inhibitor (CA074-Me) and a short-hairpin RNA targeting cathepsin B. Hypoxia substantially enhanced B10-induced cell death. This effect was sensitive to bafilomycin A1 and thus dependent on hypoxia-induced lysosomal acidification. Cathepsin B appeared to mediate cell death because either the inhibitor CA074-Me or cathepsin B gene silencing rescued glioma cells from B10 toxicity under hypoxia. B10 is a novel antitumor agent with substantially enhanced cytotoxicity under hypoxia conferred by increased lysosomal cell death pathway activation. Given the importance of hypoxia for therapy resistance, malignant progression, and as a result of antiangiogenic therapies, B10 might be a promising strategy for hypoxic tumors like malignant glioma.
Einführung: Den Hauptgrund für das mittel- und langfristige Versagen von Kunststoff-Prothesenshunts stellt die zunehmende Stenosierung im Bereich der venösen Anastomose dar. Das Problem besteht in der Anpassung der Vene an die unphysiologische Dauerbelastung durch die Arterialisierung mit der Folge einer erhöhten transmuralen Spannung, einem erhöhten endothelialen "shear stress" und daraus resultierender Intimahyperplasie. Zielsetzung: Vergleich der kumulativen Offenheitsraten von carbonisierten ePTFE (expended polytetrafluoroethylene) Gefäßprothesen MIT versus OHNE Cuff-Anastomose als Hämodialyseshunt bei terminal niereninsuffizienten Dialysepatienten. Die Modelle unterscheiden sich lediglich durch den, ursprünglich von Scholz H handgefertigten, Patch an der Venaflo™-Prothese am Übergang vom Shunt zur venösen Anastomose. (Hersteller: Fa. BARD PERIPHERAL VASCULAR). Die Cuff-Anastomose soll die Hämodynamik im Bereich des venösen Abflusses günstig beeinflussen, so dass es zu einer Reduktion der Stenoserate kommt. Material und Methodik: Die DIVA-Studie war prospektiv, randomisiert und multizentrisch nicht doppelblind angelegt; hierfür wurden 418 Patienten (m:139, w:228) im Alter von 64,5 + 13,26 Jahre, über einen 24 monatigen Zeitraum hinsichtlich der Primären und Sekundären Offenheitsrate beobachtet. Die Studie wurde regelrecht durchgeführt, d.h. nur studiengerechte Prothesen wurden verwandt, die Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien wurden strikt eingehalten, die „lost to follow-up-Rate“ war nicht höher als zuvor erwartet (25% pro Jahr). Die von den Prüfzentren übermittelten Daten wurden durch den Monitor auf deren Plausibilität geprüft. Nach ITT (intention-to-treat) – Analyse verblieben von 359 Patienten (Standard:173, Venaflo™: 186) validen Ergebnisse, verteilt auf 19 Studienzentren. Die Rekrutierung erfolgte randomisiert. Um ein möglichst homogenes Kollektiv zu erhalten, müssen verschiedene Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien, wie eine terminale dialysepflichtige Niereninsuffizienz, der Durchmesser der drainierenden Vene und zuführenden Arterie, eine dauerhafte Hyper- bzw. Hypotonie, Antikoagulantientherapie und weitere, beachtet werden. Zwischen den Behandlungsgruppen besteht kein wesentlicher Unterschied in Hinsicht auf die demographischen Daten, die vorausgegangenen Nierenerkrankung oder die nachfolgenden Dialysebehandlungen. Als Endpunkte unterscheidet man Primäre und Sekundäre Offenheitsraten, die sich im jeweiligen Wiederherstellungseingriff wie Thrombektomie, Korrektur der venösen Anastomose oder gar vollständiger Shuntneuanlage unterscheiden. Zulässige Formen der Shuntanlage sind der Unterarm-Loopshunt, Oberarm(OA)-Loopshunt, OA-Straight und OA-Curvedshunt. Es stehen 6- und 7mm-Modelle zur Verfügung. Ergebnisse: Ungeachtet der Shuntform, des Implantationsorts und des Durchmessers, zeigt die Venaflo™-Gefäßprothese stets bessere Offenheitsraten. Primäre Offenheit (ITT) nach zwei Jahren - Venaflo™: 54,1% , Standard: 48,9% (p=0,348), Sekundäre Offenheit - Venaflo™: 70,7%, Standard: 63,1% (p=0,112). Zudem haben der Durchmesser von 7mm, sowie die Straightshunts einen positiven Effekt gezeigt. Die intra- und perioperative Komplikationsrate ist nahezu gleichverteilt. So gab es beispielsweise 4 Sofortverschlüsse in der Standard-Gruppe und 5 in der Venaflo™-Gruppe. Beträchtlich hingegen ist der Unterschied bei Studienende. Die Venaflo™-Gruppe hat deutlich mehr reguläre Studienabschlüsse (Standard:58, Venaflo™:75), weniger Shuntneuanlagen (Standard:16, Venaflo™: 14) und weniger Prothesenverlängerungen (Standard: 27, Venaflo: 13) zu verzeichnen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Venaflo™-Cuff-Prothese belegt im klinischen Einsatz den positiven Einfluss der bulbusförmig konfigurierten venösen Anastomose. Die durchschnittliche Funktionsdauer kann durch den Einsatz einer ePTFE-Prothese MIT Patch deutlich verlängert werden. Für den betroffenen Patienten bedeutet dies ein Zugewinn an Lebensqualität durch eine Verlängerung des interventionsfreien Zeitraums um mehrere Monate.
Purpose: To determine the value of the 2D multiple-echo data image combination (MEDIC) sequence relative to the short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence regarding the depiction of chondral lesions in the patellofemoral joint.
Materials and methods: During a period of 6 month patients with acute pain at the anterior aspect of the knee, joint effusion and suspected chondral lesion defect in the patellofemoral joint underwent MRI including axial MEDIC and STIR imaging. Patients with chondral lesions in the patellofemoral joint on at least one sequence were included. The MEDIC and STIR sequence were quantitatively compared regarding the patella cartilage-to-effusion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and qualitatively regarding the depiction of chondral lesions independently scored by two radiologists on a 3-point scale (1 = not depicted; 2 = blurred depicted; 3 = clearly depicted) using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-Test. For the analysis of inter-observer agreement the Cohen's Weighted Kappa test was used.
Results: 30 of 58 patients (male: female, 21:9; age: 44 ± 12 yrs) revealed cartilage lesions (fissures, n = 5 including fibrillation; gaps, n = 15; delamination, n = 7; osteoarthritis, n = 3) and were included in this study. The STIR-sequence was significantly (p < 0.001) superior to the MEDIC-sequence regarding both, the patella cartilage-to-effusion CNR (mean CNR: 232 ± 61 vs. 40 ± 16) as well as the depiction of chondral lesion (mean score: 2.83 ± 0.4 vs. 1.75 ± 0.7) with substantial inter-observer agreement in the rating of both sequences (κ = 0.76–0.89).
Conclusion: For the depiction of chondral lesions in the patellofemoral joint, the axial STIR-sequence should be chosen in preference to the axial MEDIC-sequence.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency, which is diagnosed in most patients between one and three years of age. Here we report on a boy who presented at birth with extensive skin lesions and lymphadenopathy which were caused by CGD. An analysis of the literature revealed 24 patients with CGD who became symptomatic during the first six weeks of life. Although pulmonary complications and skin lesions due to infection were the leading symptoms, clinical features were extremely heterogenous. As follow-up was not well specified in most patients, the long-term prognosis of children with very early onset of CGD remains unknown.
Background: Compound flaps offer the advantage of one stage defect reconstruction respecting all relevant tissues and early functional recovery by optimal vascularity of all components. Due to its specific vascular anatomy and the three-dimensional donor site, compound flaps with bone components may result in higher complication rates compared to soft tissue compound flaps. The meta-analysis summarizes the available evidence and evaluates whether bone components are a risk factor for periprocedural complications in upper extremity multidimensional defect reconstruction. Method: PubMed and Embase were searched for all publications addressing compound free flaps for upper extremity defect reconstruction with bone or soft tissue components published between January 1988 and May 2018. The methodological quality was assessed with the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Evidence Rating Scale for Therapeutic Studies. Flap loss, thrombosis rate, early infection, hematoma, seroma, as well as donor site complications were extracted and analyzed. Results: Twelve out of 1157 potentially eligible studies (evidence-III) comprising 159 patients were finally included with publication bias for all summarized complication rates. Complication rates for flaps with/ without bone components were: total flap loss 5%, 95% CI = 3%–10% (6%/5%); partial flap loss 8%, 95% CI = 5%–15%, (9%/8%); arterial/venous thrombosis 7%, 95% CI = 4%–12%, (8%/5%)/14%, 95% CI = 9%–21% (16%/6%, P < .05) with higher risk for flaps with bone components; infection 6%, 95% CI = 3%–12% (6%/6%); hematoma 6%, 95% CI = 3%–11% (6%/5%); seroma 5%, 95% CI = 3%–10% (5%/5%); dehiscence 10%, 95% CI = 6%–17% (11%/9%). Conclusion: Compound flaps for upper extremity defect reconstruction including bone components have a higher venous thrombosis rate compared to compound soft-tissue flaps.