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Understanding the diverging opinions of academic experts, stakeholders and the public is important for effective conservation management. This is especially so when a consensus is needed for action to minimize future risks but the knowledge upon which to base this action is uncertain or missing. How to manage non-native, invasive species (NIS) is an interesting case in point: the issue has long been controversial among stakeholders, but publicly visible, major disagreement among experts is recent. To characterize the multitude of experts’ understanding and valuation of non-native, NIS we performed structured qualitative interviews with 26 academic experts, 13 of whom were invasion biologists and 13 landscape experts. Within both groups, thinking varied widely, not only about basic concepts (e.g., non-native, invasive) but also about their valuation of effects of NIS. The divergent opinions among experts, regarding both the overall severity of the problem in Europe and its importance for ecosystem services, contrasted strongly with the apparent consensus that emerges from scientific synthesis articles and policy documents. We postulate that the observed heterogeneity of expert judgments is related to three major factors: (1) diverging conceptual understandings, (2) lack of empirical information and high scientific uncertainties due to complexities and contingencies of invasion processes, and (3) missing deliberation of values. Based on theory from science studies, we interpret the notion of an NIS as a boundary object, i.e., concepts that have a similar but not identical meaning to different groups of experts and stakeholders. This interpretative flexibility of a concept can facilitate interaction across diverse groups but bears the risk of introducing misunderstandings. An alternative to seeking consensus on exact definitions and risk assessments would be for invasive species experts to acknowledge uncertainties and engage transparently with stakeholders and the public in deliberations about conflicting opinions, taking the role of honest brokers of policy alternatives rather than of issue advocates.
Nur wenige Tage bleiben bis zur Eröffnung der olympischen Winterspiele in Sotschi. Für 3,5 Milliarden Zuschauer stehen dann 14 Tage Spaß und spannende Unterhaltung auf dem Programm. Dabei scheint kaum zu interessieren, dass in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zum Tagungsort derweil fundamentalste Menschenrechte verletzt werden. Denn während andere Menschenrechtsthemen wie die Situation von Homosexuellen in Russland bereits Debatten über einen möglichen Olympia-Boykott ausgelöst haben, redet bislang über die Lage im Nordkaukasus kaum einer...
August von Platen notiert 1816 nach der Lektüre von John Miltons Paradise Lost (1667) in das Memorandum meines Lebens, dass ihm Milton "[a]m glücklichsten […] in seinen eigenen Erfindungen [erscheint], […] weniger interessant ist es mir, wo er nur die Bibel nacherzählt." Die in Platens Tagebucheintrag zu lesende Kritik an Miltons Epos ist rein-ästhetischer Natur. Die Differenz zwischen 'eigenen Erfindungen' und der Nacherzählung der Bibel betrifft die Heilige Poesie selbst aber freilich tiefgreifender. Hier führt das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Poiesis und Nacherzählung zu einem komplexen Legitimationsbedürfnis, ob und wieweit das mythische Wort Gottes, von dem die Heilige Schrift zeugt, in der Heiligen Poesie ausgeführt werden darf.
Meiner These zufolge ist das in 'Paradise Lost' zu findende Sujet des Sündenfalls für die Problemstellung der Heiligen Poesie im Allgemeinen exemplarisch. Es fällt auf, dass sich das an der Heiligen Poesie abzulesende Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem autoritativen Wort Gottes und der poetischen Freiheit strukturanalog im Sündenfall der Genesis widerspiegelt. Denn so, wie die anthropologischen Überlegungen der Genesis und ihre im 18. Jahrhundert frequente Bearbeitung in der Aufklärungsphilosophie den Menschen zwischen Gehorsam und Freiheit situieren, so verortet sich offenbar auch die Heilige Poesie zwischen den Fronten der religiösen Heteronomie und der poetischen Autonomie.
In this thesis, Planck size black holes are discussed. Specifically, new families of black holes are presented. Such black holes exhibit an improved short scale behaviour and can be used to implement gravity self-complete paradigm. Such geometries are also studied within the ADD large extra dimensional scenario. This allows black hole remnant masses to reach the TeV scale. It is shown that the evaporation endpoint for this class of black holes is a cold stable remnant. One family of black holes considered in this thesis features a regular de Sitter core that counters gravitational collapse with a quantum outward pressure. The other family of black holes turns out to nicely fit into the holographic information bound on black holes, and lead to black hole area quantization and applications in the gravitational entropic force. As a result, gravity can be derived as emergent phenomenon from thermodynamics.
The thesis contains an overview about recent quantum gravity black hole approaches and concludes with the derivation of nonlocal operators that modify the Einstein equations to ultraviolet complete field equations.
U3L Sommersemester 2014
(2014)
Türkiye'de Akademik Açık Erişim Dergi Yayıncılığı ve Çeviribilim Alanındaki Açık Erişim Dergiler
(2014)
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin akademik açık erişim dergi yayıncılığında geldiği noktayı ortaya koymak, 70'li yıllardan itibaren dilbilim ve filolojiden ayrılarak kendi bilimsel çerçevesini çizen ve kendi bilimsel iletişim sistemini oluşturan Çeviribilim alanının, bilimsel iletişim sisteminin en önemli araçlarından biri olan akademik açık erişim dergicilik konusunda aldığı mesafeyi görmek, bu konuda mevcut eksiklikleri tespit etmek ve bunlara çözüm önerilerinde bulunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla ulusal ve uluslararası açık erişim veritabanları incelenerek elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı. Çalışmanın birinci aşamasında Türkiye'nin akademik açık erişim dergicilik konusundaki mevcut durumu değerlendirilirken ikinci aşamada Çeviribilim alanının durumu ele alındı. Son aşamada ise elde edilen verilerden anlamlı sonuçlar çıkarılarak genel bir değerlendirme yapıldı ve çeşitli öneriler sunuldu.
Rezension zu Zengin, Dursun: Türk Toplumunda Adlar ve Soyadları. Sosyo-Kültürel ve Dilbilimsel Bir Yaklaşım, Kurmay Yayınları, 2014
23 Ocak 2014 tarihinde Berlin'de gerçekleşen bir açılış ile 2014 yılı "Türk-Alman Bilim Yılı" olarak ilan edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede Alman Akademik Değişim Servisi (DAAD) ile Yükseköğretim Kurulu, yükseköğretim işbirliklerinde var olan engelleri saptamak ve birlikte çözüm yolları aramak amacı ile iki ülkeden uzmanların oluşturduğu bir çalışma grubu kurmuştur. Türk–Alman Bilim Yılı Çalışma Grubu olarak adlandırılan bu çalışma grubu 30-31 Ekim 2014 tarihlerinde İstanbul'da İstanbul Üniversitesi Kongre Kültür Merkezinde Yükseköğretim kurumları arasındaki mevcut işbirliğini derinleştirmek ve yeni işbirliği zeminleri oluşturmak amacı ile "Türk Alman Üniversiteleri İşbirliği Konferansı" başlıklı bir konferans düzenlemiştir.
Wohnen im eigenen kleinen Haus gilt mit seinen Versprechen von Individualität und Privatheit als Topos der Unabhängigkeit. Dergestalt selbstbezogenes Wohnen erscheint zunächst als unvereinbar mit konnexbewusstem ökologischem Engagement. Gleichwohl sind Bewohner von besonders konzipierten Eigenheimen der Ansicht, sie könnten mit ihren Häusern zur Verbesserung der herrschenden ökologischen Verhältnisse beitragen. Diese Meinung lässt sie von 'Öko-Eigenheime' sprechen. In den letzten Jahren forcierte die Politik deren Errichtung durch finanzielle Anreize. Gleichzeitig polarisieren Öko-Eigenheime durch unterschiedliche funktionale und formale Entwürfe. Zu Beginn meiner Untersuchungen, 2006, war das Feld um Öko-Eigenheime noch besonders 'warm'. Dies zeigte sich unter anderem in der Offenheit gegenüber 'Pionieren', sowohl im 'harten' Segment des stofflichen Gehäuses als auch im 'weichen' Segment der Wohnpraxis. Um den innovativen Gehalt des Umgangs mit diesen spezifischen Eigenheimen auszuloten, fragt die hier vorgestellte Studie im Kern nach den Lebensstilen ihrer Bewohner und ferner nach wesentlichen Feldbedingungen.
Tynommatidae, n. stat., elevated from Tynommatinae, is established as a schizopetalidean family encompassing the western North American callipodidans previously assigned to the Mediterranean Schizopetalidae. It is considered a valid taxon despite somewhat anatomically dissimilar subfamilies, and Colactidinae, Texophoninae, Diactidinae, and Aspidiophoninae constitute tribal elevations and additional new statuses. With a subbasal telopodal prefemoral process, Diactis hedini, n. sp., requires rediagnoses of all three diactidine genera, Diactis Loomis, 1937, and Florea and Caliactis, both by Shelley, 1996, and suggests that telopodal branches ‘B’ in congeners and Florea represent distal relocations of the process along the stem. Similarities in the sizes and shapes of the pleurotergal carinae suggest a sister-group relationship with the other, and partly sympatric, New World family, Abacionidae, which is supported by gonopodal similarities between Colactidinae and Abacion Rafi nesque, 1820. The Western Interior Seaway of the Cretaceous Period, Mesozoic Era, ~141–66 million years ago, appears to have fueled divergence by isolating “proto-abacionid stock” in “Appalachia,” the Eastern North American land mass, which has subsequently spread well into previously inundated areas. The allopatric position of Texophoninae, on the Gulf Coast of south Texas around 1,136 km (710 mi) east of the most proximate familial records, is attributed to this waterway, which eradicated faunal linkages with “proto-Tynommatidae” in “Laramidia,” the Western North American land mass. Texophoninae probably survived the Cretaceous on insular refugia; however, it is rarely encountered anymore and seems destined for imminent extinction. Representatives of the east-Asian families, Caspiopetalidae, Paracortinidae, and Sinocallipodidae, also possess demarcated pleurotergal crests and, implausible though it seems, may share ancestry with the North American taxa vis-à-vis the “Asiamerica” and or “Boreotropic” concepts.
Examination of the type series of Schizotus gibbifrons Lewis 1887 and Pyrochroa higoniae Lewis 1895, together with examination of the historical Lewis collection of Pseudopyrochroa japonica (Heyden 1879), provide hints as to the conspecifi city of these binomials. This evidence, together with concurrent collection events spanning more than 100 years and general anatomy suggests Pseudopyrochroa japonica (Heyden 1879) and Pseudopyrochroa gibbifrons (Lewis 1887) are conspecifi c. Schizotus gibbifrons Lewis is proposed as a new junior synonym of Pyrochroa japonica Heyden, where it joins the established synonym, Pyrochroa higoniae Lewis (1895). Schizotus theresae Pic 1911 is also proposed as a new junior synonym of Pyrochroa basalis Pic 1906, where it joins a long list of synonyms. Complete synonymies are presented for both species.