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[...] Die dialektische Begriffsentfaltung schöner Kunst in ihren Momenten des Häßlichen, Komischen, Erhabenen ist nicht, wie das Vorurteil will, sophistische Begriffsspielerei; sie ist der angestrengte Versuch, die Möglichkeit bzw. Ermöglichung schöner Kunst unter den ihr "ungünstigen", "prosaischen" Lebensverhältnissen der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft zu entwickeln. Alle ästhetischen Theorien des Häßlichen greifen ein in die Debatte über den Vergangenheitscharakter schöner Kunst; sie melden sich zu Wort als Theorie gegenwärtiger Kunst; sie übernehmen präventiv die Gewährleistung schöner Kunst im Status ihrer drohenden Verabschiedung: sie behandeln sie als suspendiert. [...]
Einläßliche Untersuchungen zur Wirkungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte Lichtenbergs fehlen bislang. Sie würden zunächst ein disparates Rezeptionsfeld aufweisen: Lichtenberg als Naturwissenschaftler, Lichtenberg als Physiognomikkritiker, Lichtenberg als Literatursatiriker , Lichtenberg als Stifter eines neuartigen ästhetischen Bildreservoirs, eines Orbis Pictus, den seine Hogarth Kommentare erschließen, schließlich Lichtenberg als Autor der Sudelbücher, die ihn als Selbstdenker zu erkennen geben. Darüber hinaus wäre das Besondere von Lichtenbergs Wirkungsweise methodisch zu bedenken und zu verwirklichen.
Ein armer Student und angehender Dichter gedenkt, seine schlechte Kasse durch Kopieren von Manuskripten bei einem etwas dubiosen Hofrat und Archivarius aufzubessern, der, wie gemunkelt wird, in seiner einsamen Villa am Dresdner Stadtrand Alchemie betreibe. Wenn sich Anselmus, so lautet der Name des studentischen Helden in E. T. A. Hoffmanns Erzählung "Der goldne Topf", auch im gewöhnlichen Leben etwas tolpatschig, ja zerstreut benimmt, seiner Schreibkünste ist er sich doch sicher. Um so schlimmer ist für ihn die Einsicht, daß sein ganzer Stolz, "seine Handschrift in elegantester englischer Schreibmanier" dem Archivar, seinem neuen Lehrmeister, überaus mißfällt.
Juden, Philister und romantische Intellektuelle : Überlegungen zum Antisemitismus in der Romantik
(1992)
[...] Verschärfte Angriffe auf Juden fallen oft mit historischen Krisen zusammen. So grundiert auch hier die besondere Krisensituation der Napoleonischen Kriege den Konflikt, während ihn die Auseinandersetzung mit den Hardenbergschen Reformen in Preußen radikalisiert. Das Zusammengehen von Juden- und Philisterangriff aber leitet sich aus der spezifisch romantischen Zeitdiagnose her, einer Globalisierung der Krise und einer gleichsam apokalyptischen Alarmierung des Jetztzeitbewußtseins; ansteht das Überleben der Menschheit, ihr Untergang oder ihre Wiedergeburt. [...]
Auf der Grundlage eines deutsch-türkischen Sprachvergleichs werden in diesem Beitrag die Idiomatischen Verwendungsweisen der Wortgruppe mit "nehmen" dargestellt und ihre Äquivalenzen im Türkischen ermittelt. Dabei geht es vor allem darum, übersetzungsdidaktisch relevante Probleme und Möglichkeiten herauszuarbeiten.
Lehrer gelten als zentrale und entscheidende Größe des Fremdsprachenunterrichts. Untersuchungen zur Lehrertätigkeit in der einschlägigen Literatur nehmen einen großen Platz ein. Demgegenüber ist die Zahl der Arbeiten, die die Lehreraktivitäten im Fremdsprachenunterricht zum Gegenstand haben, sehr gering. Es ist im allgemeinen bekannt, daß die Lehreraktivitäten im Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache eine unentbehrliche Bedeutung haben. Die Lehrer haben daneben zur funktionellen und effektiven Gestaltung des Unterrichts viele verschiedene Aktivitäten auszuführen. Diese vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf, die Lehreraktivitäten im kommunikativ orientierten Deutschunterricht darzulegen. Dabei werden auch Vorschläge in Bezug auf die Lehreraktivitäten konkretisiert, die im kommunikativ orientierten Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache zu erfüllen sind.
An important role in the coherence of texts is played by the distribution of information in the sentence. The present paper especially examines the beginning of sentences (topics). Which syntactic elements are most adequate to initiate a sentence, and which of their characteristics can be considered responsible for this? After a short review of the pertinent literature, we shall present grammatical, semantic and pragmatic factors that organize topicalization. The point of departure are the patterns of basic serialization as defined by the grammar. Deviations of these patterns can particularly be a result of the principle of known information. In addition to this constitutive principle, we can distinguish five regulative principles that lead to non-marked topicalizations (situation, empathy, iconicity, lengthening terms, text connection). In the closing sections, the positioning of phrasal accents and some special types of topics will be discussed. All the examples given are from modem German.
This paper examines four German transportation verbs with the prefix weg-, concentrating on their syntax and their semantic and pragmatic interpretations. The empirical data investigated are from across-linguistic Corpus of German and Brazilian Portuguese as foreign languages. The analysis is based on the concept of focus, which is defined as a point on the path along which the patient of the process moves. The focus must be either mentioned or contextually evident. Each transportation verb will be able to establish a typical focus. German prefix-verbs with weg- are characterized by a focus-conflict that can be resolved through different interpretation strategies.
This paper deals with the linguistic situation of the European Union, especially considering the role played by the German language. Beginning with some general remarks on the historical mechanisms that may influence the relative importance of a given language on a global scale, the history of the German language is discussed with the aim of explaining its present situation as the language with the greatest number of native speakers in Europe. which, at the same time, plays a relatively unimportant role in international communication.
Aspectos dos tempos verbais
(1998)
In this paper I present two tenses of the German verbal system, the so called Doppelperfekt and Doppelplusquamperfekt. Although these tenses have only been marginally dealt with in the grammars, more studies have recently been made on them within the field of Linguistics. In order to describe these tenses, I will concentrate on the following authors: Hauser-Suida & Hoppe-Beugel (1972), Eroms (1984), Thieroff (1992) und Vater (1994). The tenses will be analysed formally and their meaning and usage illustrated with examples taken from the articles above.
This paper corroborates the interpretability proposal of Chomsky (1995) with evidence from scrambling in Japanese and German. First it is shown that scrambling in Japanese is semantically vacuous, whereas scrambling in German is semantically contentful. Chomsky’s proposal then predicts that the feature driving Japanese scrambling is erased after checking, while the corresponding feature in German remains visible, specifically for the Shortest Attract condition. Looking at patterns of movement that result in overlapping paths, this prediction is seen to be correct.
The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well as 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' and 'beide'. In terms of morphology, it describes the formation of gender, number and case forms. In the field of syntax, it focuses on the position of totalizers in the nominal phrase, their relations to determiners and quantifiers, and the functional distribution of declension types. In terms of semantics and pragmatics, it investigates the codification of referential and quantificational information, definiteness and cumulative v distributive totalization. The epistemological interest is defined by the objectives of linguistic comparison between German and Brazilian Portuguese, including the analysis of typical errors committed by language learners in both directions.
This paper aims to demonstrate the proverb as a mental pattern that reflects and reinforces the values and norms of society through its use. We present the treatment given to women in German proverbs in opposition to the treatment given to men, showing the relationship between proverb and reality.
This essay considers the present state of U.S. scholarship on German exile Literature, focusing on the recent move from a purely literary toward a social and cultural perspective. This move becomes evident in research projects on refugee children as well as in the growing interest for women in exile. The article presents the abundant research opportunities in the U.S., but mentions also voices of frustration and fatigue. Perhaps the generational replacement among North-American Germanists contributes to bring forth a different attitude toward the subject of literary exile. In view of political shifts and technological changes, some reorientation in literary exile studies may be inevitable.
The present paper deals with grammaticalization as a comprehensive model of erosive processes in the history of natural languages, exemplified in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Grammaticalization is conceived of as the reduction of pragmatic versatility, semantic concreteness, syntactic liberty and phonetic substance of linguistic elements. It is subdivided into the processes of lexicalization, which transforms polylexematic into monolexematic elements, and deslexicalization, which reduces lexematic to sublexematic elements. In the middle of these processes stands the lexicon, which is seen as the central stock of linguistic elements. Within the lexicon, the process of grammaticalization continues, from lexical word classes through intermediate classes to grammatical word classes. The lower boundary of the lexicon is critical threshold, down to which the process of grammaticalization is compensated for by linguistic recycling that leads lexematic elements back into the linguistic circuit, through the formation of new polylexematic units. Beyond this threshold, however, no recycling is possible any more, so that elements which have once lost their lexical character are condemned to disappear in the long run. The different stages of grammaticalization are introduced and illustrated by means of concrete examples, first from Brazilian Portuguese and afterwards from German.
This paper draws a parallel between German society and politics, German football and coursebooks for German as a foreign language (DaF) in the second half of the twentieth century. Departing from observations on the analogies between German football and politics made by Norbert Seitz, it discusses the cultural and pedagogical spirit of DaF-coursebooks from the fifties to the nineties.
This paper contextualizes the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language in Brazil in the socio-historical field of colonial and post-colonial discourse. On the basis of three illustrative texts, from 1620, 1855 and 1998, it discusses the Interlocutionary Positions (Lugares de Interlocução; ORLANDI 1990) assumed by German and Brazilian speakers, as well as the possible consequences for the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language.