Refine
Year of publication
- 2018 (3223) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1485)
- Part of Periodical (421)
- Book (274)
- Part of a Book (208)
- Doctoral Thesis (204)
- Contribution to a Periodical (195)
- Review (146)
- Working Paper (132)
- Preprint (75)
- Conference Proceeding (49)
Language
- English (1774)
- German (1337)
- Portuguese (35)
- Spanish (18)
- French (17)
- Multiple languages (17)
- Turkish (13)
- Italian (6)
- Ukrainian (2)
- Hebrew (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3223) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3223) (remove)
Keywords
- taxonomy (61)
- Geschichte (52)
- Begriff (51)
- Deutsch (48)
- new species (38)
- Literatur (34)
- Übersetzung (20)
- Financial Institutions (17)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (17)
- Vormärz (16)
Institute
- Medizin (520)
- Präsidium (304)
- Physik (224)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (179)
- Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe (SAFE) (129)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (117)
- Biowissenschaften (106)
- Center for Financial Studies (CFS) (102)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (95)
- Neuere Philologien (89)
Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established primary treatment for newly diagnosed brain metastases with high local control rates. However, data about local re-irradiation in case of local failure after SRS (re-SRS) are rare. We evaluated the feasibility, efficacy and patient selection characteristics in treating locally recurrent metastases with a second course of SRS.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with brain metastases treated with re-SRS for local tumor progression between 2011 and 2017. Patient and treatment characteristics as well as rates of tumor control, survival and toxicity were analyzed.
Results: Overall, 32 locally recurrent brain metastases in 31 patients were irradiated with re-SRS. Median age at re-SRS was 64.9 years. The primary histology was breast cancer and non-small-cellular lung cancer (NSCLC) in respectively 10 cases (31.3%), in 5 cases malignant melanoma (15.6%). In the first SRS-course 19 metastases (59.4%) and in the re-SRS-course 29 metastases (90.6%) were treated with CyberKnife® and the others with Gamma Knife. Median planning target volume (PTV) for re-SRS was 2.5 cm3 (range, 0.1–37.5 cm3) and median dose prescribed to the PTV was 19 Gy (range, 12–28 Gy) in 1–5 fractions to the median 69% isodose (range, 53–80%). The 1-year overall survival rate was 61.7% and the 1-year local control rate was 79.5%. The overall rate of radiological radio-necrosis was 16.1% and four patients (12.9%) experienced grade ≥ 3 toxicities.
Conclusions: A second course of SRS for locally recurrent brain metastases after prior local SRS appears to be feasible with acceptable toxicity and can be considered as salvage treatment option for selected patients with high performance status. Furthermore, this is the first study utilizing robotic radiosurgery for this indication, as an additional option for frameless fractionated treatment.
Gender in Fulani proverbs
(2018)
Presented paper deals with Fulani people of West Africa and with the influence of their way of life on their language. One part of the Fulani people lives nomadic pastoral live, meanwhile another part is sedentary, living in the towns. The authors of the paper pay their attention to the the gender of Fulani proverbs which reflects the way of life of Fulani people.
Myomas, also known as fibroids, are a specific characteristic of the human species. No other primates develop fibroids. At a cellular level, myomas are benign hyperplastic lesions of uterine smooth muscle cells. There are interesting theoretical concepts that link the development of myomas in humans with the highly specific process of childbirth from an upright position and the resulting need for greatly increased “expulsive” forces during labor. Myomas might be the price our species pays for our bipedal and highly intelligent existence. Myomas affect, with some variability, all ethnic groups and approximately 50% of all women during their lifetime. While some remain asymptomatic, myomas can cause significant and sometimes life-threatening uterine bleeding, pain, infertility, and, in extreme cases, ureteral obstruction and death. Traditionally, over 50% of all hysterectomies were performed for fibroids, leading to a significant healthcare burden. In this article, we review the developments of the past 20 years with regard to multiple new treatment strategies that have evolved during this time.
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a primary immunodeficiency with mutations in the gene encoding the A-T mutated (ATM) protein that interacts with immune, hematopoietic, and endocrine targets resulting in broad multi-systemic clinical manifestations with a devastating outcome. Apart from a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, A-T leads to significantly increased susceptibility to malignancies. It is a matter of discussion whether pre-emptive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen would be an option to restore immune-competence and prevent malignancy, as shown in animal models, because conventional treatment protocols of malignant diseases using radio- and/or chemotherapy have a high rate of therapy-related morbidity and mortality in these patients. We present the course of the disease, including immune reconstitution and neurological outcome following pre-emptive alloHSCT in a 4-year-old boy with A-T on a 6 year follow-up. Our manuscript provides a proof-of-concept of alloHSCT as an individual pre-emptive treatment strategy from which some A-T patients might benefit.
An ein philosophisches Fachpublikum richtete sich Blumenberg zuerst mit "Die sprachliche Wirklichkeit der Philosophie", geschrieben 1946 und veröffentlicht im Jahr darauf in der Hamburger Akademischen Rundschau. [...] Der Essay von nur vier Seiten zeugt von Blumenbergs Hadern mit allen Versuchen, die Philosophie von Grund auf neu zu errichten. Erstaunlich daran ist nun, dass Blumenberg dabei nicht als Vertreter der Phänomenologie und Anthropologie auftritt, als der er heute vor allem gelesen wird. Stattdessen erscheint er in diesem Anfangstext als Sprachtheoretiker.
Brachiopod shells are the most widely used geological archive for the reconstruction of the temperature and the oxygen isotope composition of Phanerozoic seawater. However, it is not conclusive whether brachiopods precipitate their shells in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of kinetic controls on the isotope composition of modern brachiopods by measuring the oxygen and clumped isotope compositions of their shells. Our results show that clumped and oxygen isotope compositions depart from thermodynamic equilibrium due to growth rate-induced kinetic effects. These departures are in line with incomplete hydration and hydroxylation of dissolved CO2. These findings imply that the determination of taxon-specific growth rates alongside clumped and bulk oxygen isotope analyses is essential to ensure accurate estimates of past ocean temperatures and seawater oxygen isotope compositions from brachiopods.
Mires or peat swamps have a restricted distribution in Australia and are limited to areas where hydrological inputs exceed evapotranspiration. In NSW, mires are restricted to the coast, adjacent ranges or tablelands, and along the Great Dividing Range; most are listed as threatened ecological communities under State or Commonwealth legislation. Due primarily to the relatively high rainfall and suitable geology, the Blue Mountains region includes a number of such threatened mire ecological communities. Most of these mire types are largely included within the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, although there are notable exceptions, such as the endangered Newnes Plateau Shrub Swamps.
This paper reports on a little-known group of diverse, relatively isolated and largely unprotected mires, in a relatively low rainfall area in the upper Cudgegong River catchment, east of Rylstone in the NSW Central Tablelands, and of their floristic, hydrogeomorphic and typological relationship with other mires of the Blue Mountains. They can be broadly divided into montane bogs, montane fens and hanging swamps. Particular attention is focussed on the largest and most diverse one, Rollen Creek swamp, which contains all three types. It is hoped that highlighting this hitherto unrecognised group of high conservation-value mires will contribute to their improved conservation and encourage further research into mires of eastern NSW.
In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelten sich in ganz Europa die sogenannten Völkerschauen, in denen populäre Unterhaltungsformen, Inszenierungspraktiken und wissenschaftliche Ansätze eng ineinandergriffen. In Deutschland spielte dabei der Hamburger Tierhändler Carl Hagenbeck eine wesentliche Rolle: Als sein Tierhandel am Anfang der 1870er Jahre in Schwierigkeiten geriet, begann er, Zurschaustellungen fremder, als "exotisch" betrachteter Menschen zu veranstalten, was ihm großen Erfolg einbrachte. Wie bereits mehrfach in der Forschung hervorgehoben, gingen die so entstandenen Völkerschauen mit bestimmten Inszenierungstechniken einher: Es ging darum, das "Exotische" – das heißt hier vor allem die am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts ein breites Publikum faszinierende körperliche Fremdheit – anschaulich zu machen und sie zugleich in vertraute Darstellungs- und Wahrnehmungskonventionen einzubetten, um den Zuschauern das Fremde zu vermitteln. Hagenbecks Schaustellungen zeichneten sich insbesondere durch ihre genau durchdachten, auf dramatischen Strukturen und auf melodramatischen Motiven beruhenden Attraktionen aus – wie Überfall und Frauenentführung –, die es ermöglichen, Verbindungslinien zwischen Völkerschauen und Theaterkunst zu ziehen. Es lässt sich zeigen, dass die Art und Weise, wie diese "exotischen" Menschen inszeniert wurden, vom wissenschaftlichen Blick der Anthropologen sowie von der Kooperation zwischen Anthropologen und Schaustellern beeinflusst wurde. Es soll gefragt werden, inwiefern Spuren der Völkerschauen im europäischen Theater der Jahrhundertwende um 1900 aufzufinden sind: Inwieweit übten anthropologisierte Inszenierungen fremder Völker einen Einfluss auf den Retheatralisierungsprozess des Theaters aus? Inwiefern entstand das moderne Theaterverständnis aus einer Anthropologisierung des Theaters?
Challenges of FAIR phase 0
(2018)
After two-year's shutdown, the GSI accelerators plus the latest addition of storage ring CRYRING, will be back into operation in 2018 as the FAIR phase 0 with the goal to fulfill the needs of scientific community and the FAIR accelerators and detector development. Even though GSI has been well known for its operation of a variety of ion beams ranging from proton up to uranium for multi research areas such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, biophysics, material science, the upcoming beam time faces a number of challenges in re-commissioning its existing circular accelerators with brand new control system and upgrade of beam instrumentations, as well as in rising failures of dated components and systems. The cycling synchrotron SIS18 has been undergoing a set of upgrade measures for fulfilling future FAIR operation, among which many measures will also be commissioned during the upcoming beam time. This paper presents the highlights of the challenges such as re-establishing the high intensity heavy ion operation as well as parallel operation mode for serving multi users. The status of preparation including commissioning results will also be reported.
Bebilderte Multiple-Choice- (MC) Fragen sind ein integraler Bestandteil von schriftlichen Prüfungen in der Anatomie. In bebilderten MC-Fragen bezieht sich die schriftliche Frage auf verschiedene Typen von Abbildungen wie Röntgenaufnahmen, Mikrofotografien von histologischen Schnitten oder Zeichnungen von anatomischen Strukturen. Da das Hereinnehmen von Abbildungen in MC-Fragen das Abschneiden der Items beeinflussen kann, verglichen wir die Charakteristika von anatomischen Items getestet mit bebilderten und nicht bebilderten MC-Fragen in sieben Anatomieklausuren und in zwei schriftlichen Teilen des Ersten Abschnitts der Ärztlichen Prüfung (M1).
In dieser Studie verglichen wir 25 bebilderte und 163 nicht bebilderte MC-Fragen aus Anatomieklausuren und 27 bebilderte und 130 nicht bebilderte MC-Fragen aus dem schriftlichen Teil des M1 mit einem nicht parametrischen Test für ungepaarte Stichproben. Als Ergebnis waren keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Schwierigkeits- und Trennschärfeniveau zwischen bebilderten und nicht bebilderten MC-Fragen vorhanden, dasselbe ergab sich in einer nach MC-Frageformaten stratifizierten Analyse.
Wir schließen daraus, dass das bebilderte Itemformat für sich die Itemschwierigkeit nicht zu beeinflussen scheint. Die aktuellen Ergebnisse stimmen mit früheren retrospektiven Studien überein, die keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Test- und Itemcharakteristika zwischen bebilderten und nicht bebilderten MC-Fragen zeigten.
Illustrated Multiple-choice questions (iMCQs) form an integral part of written tests in anatomy. In iMCQs, the written question refers to various types of figures, e. g. X-ray images, micrographs of histological sections, or drawings of anatomical structures. Since the inclusion of images in MCQs might affect item performance we compared characteristics of anatomical items tested with iMCQs and non-iMCQs in seven tests of anatomy courses and in two written parts of the first section of the German Medical Licensing Examination (M1).
In summary, we compared 25 iMCQs and 163 non-iMCQs from anatomy courses, and 27 iMCQs and 130 non-iMCQs from the written part of the M1 using a nonparametric test for unpaired samples. As a result, there were no significant differences in difficulty and discrimination levels between iMCQs and non-iMCQs, the same applied to an analysis stratified for MCQ formats.
We conclude that the illustrated item format by itself does not seem to affect item difficulty. The present results are consistent with previous retrospective studies which showed no significant differences of test or item characteristics between iMCQs and non-iMCQs.
Stem cell-based therapies require cells with a maximum regenerative capacity in order to support regeneration after tissue injury and organ failure. Optimization of this regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) or their conditioned medium by in vitro preconditioning regimens are considered to be a promising strategy to improve the release of regenerative factors. In the present study, MSC were isolated from inguinal adipose tissue (mASC) from C57BL/6 mice, cultured, and characterized. Then, mASC were either preconditioned by incubation in a hypoxic environment (0.5% O2), or in normoxia in the presence of murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for 48 h. Protein expression was measured by a commercially available array. Selected factors were verified by PCR analysis. The expression of 83 out of 308 proteins (26.9%) assayed was found to be increased after preconditioning with TNFα, whereas the expression of 61 (19.8%) and 70 (22.7%) proteins was increased after incubation with EGF or in hypoxia, respectively. Furthermore, we showed the proliferation-promoting effects of the preconditioned culture supernatants on injured epithelial cells in vitro. Our findings indicate that each preconditioning regimen tested induced an individual expression profile with a wide variety of factors, including several growth factors and cytokines, and therefore may enhance the regenerative potential of mASC for cell-based therapies.
This paper presents three acceptability experiments investigating German verb-final clauses in order to explore possible sources of sentence complexity during human parsing. The point of departure was De Vries et al.'s (2011) generalization that sentences with three or more crossed or nested dependencies are too complex for being processed by the human parsing mechanism without difficulties. This generalization is partially based on findings from Bach et al. (1986) concerning the acceptability of complex verb clusters in German and Dutch. The first experiment tests this generalization by comparing two sentence types: (i) sentences with three nested dependencies within a single clause that contains three verbs in a complex verb cluster; (ii) sentences with four nested dependencies distributed across two embedded clauses, one center-embedded within the other, each containing a two-verb cluster. The results show that sentences with four nested dependencies are judged as acceptable as control sentences with only two nested dependencies, whereas sentences with three nested dependencies are judged as only marginally acceptable. This argues against De Vries et al.'s (2011) claim that the human parser can process no more than two nested dependencies. The results are used to refine the Verb-Cluster Complexity Hypothesis of Bader and Schmid (2009a). The second and the third experiment investigate sentences with four nested dependencies in more detail in order to explore alternative sources of sentence complexity: the number of predicted heads to be held in working memory (storage cost in terms of the Dependency Locality Theory [DLT], Gibson, 2000) and the length of the involved dependencies (integration cost in terms of the DLT). Experiment 2 investigates sentences for which storage cost and integration cost make conflicting predictions. The results show that storage cost outweighs integration cost. Experiment 3 shows that increasing integration cost in sentences with two degrees of center embedding leads to decreased acceptability. Taken together, the results argue in favor of a multifactorial account of the limitations on center embedding in natural languages.
HuR plays an important role in tumor cell survival mainly through posttranscriptional upregulation of prominent anti-apoptotic genes. In addition, HuR can inhibit the translation of pro-apoptotic factors as we could previously report for caspase-2. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of caspase-2 suppression by HuR and its contribution to chemotherapeutic drug resistance of colon carcinoma cells. In accordance with the significant drug-induced increase in cytoplasmic HuR abundance, doxorubicin and paclitaxel increased the interaction of cytoplasmic HuR with the 5ʹuntranslated region (5ʹUTR) of caspase-2 as shown by RNA pull down assay. Experiments with bicistronic reporter genes furthermore indicate the presence of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within the caspase-2-5ʹUTR. Luciferase activity was suppressed either by chemotherapeutic drugs or ectopic expression of HuR. IRES-driven luciferase activity was significantly increased upon siRNA-mediated knockdown of HuR implicating an inhibitory effect of HuR on caspase-2 translation which is further reinforced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Comparison of RNA-binding affinities of recombinant HuR to two fragments of the caspase-2-5ʹUTR by EMSA revealed a critical HuR-binding site residing between nucleotides 111 and 241 of caspase-2-5ʹUTR. Mapping of critical RNA binding domains within HuR revealed that a fusion of RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) plus the hinge region confers a full caspase-2-5ʹUTR-binding. Functionally, knockdown of HuR significantly increased the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to drug-induced apoptosis. Importantly, the apoptosis sensitizing effects by HuR knockdown were rescued after silencing of caspase-2. The negative caspase-2 regulation by HuR offers a novel therapeutic target for sensitizing colon carcinoma cells to drug-induced apoptosis.
Acetaminophen [paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)]-induced acute liver injury (ALI) not only remains a persistent clinical challenge but likewise stands out as well-characterized paradigmatic model of drug-induced liver damage. APAP intoxication associates with robust hepatic necroinflammation the role of which remains elusive with pathogenic but also pro-regenerative/-resolving functions being ascribed to leukocyte activation. Here, we shine a light on and put forward a unique role of the interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-18 in experimental APAP-induced ALI. Indeed, amelioration of disease as previously observed in IL-18-deficient mice was further substantiated herein by application of the IL-18 opponent IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BPd:Fc) to wild-type mice. Data altogether emphasize crucial pathological action of this cytokine in APAP toxicity. Adding recombinant IL-22 to IL-18BPd:Fc further enhanced protection from liver injury. In contrast to IL-18, the role of prototypic pro-inflammatory IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α is controversially discussed with lack of effects or even protective action being repeatedly reported. A prominent detrimental function for IL-18 in APAP-induced ALI as proposed herein should relate to its pivotal role for hepatic expression of interferon-γ and Fas ligand, both of which aggravate APAP toxicity. As IL-18 serum levels increase in patients after APAP overdosing, targeting IL-18 may evolve as novel therapeutic option in those hard-to-treat patients where standard therapy with N-acetylcysteine is unsuccessful. Being a paradigmatic experimental model of ALI, current knowledge on ill-fated properties of IL-18 in APAP intoxication likewise emphasizes the potential of this cytokine to serve as therapeutic target in other entities of inflammatory liver diseases.
Gervais’ beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus (Gervais, 1855) is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. Although most records are from the North Atlantic, it is probably continuously distributed in deep warm waters around the equator (Mead 1989, Norman & Mead 2001). Its occurrence in West Africa is poorly known, as records are rare. It is classified as Data Deficient (Taylor et al. 2008).
Background: Rare diseases are, by definition, very serious and chronic diseases with a high negative impact on quality of life. Approximately 350 million people worldwide live with rare diseases. The resulting high disease burden triggers health information search, but helpful, high-quality, and up-to-date information is often hard to find. Therefore, the improvement of health information provision has been integrated in many national plans for rare diseases, discussing the telephone as one access option. In this context, this study examines the need for a telephone service offering information for people affected by rare diseases, their relatives, and physicians.
Methods: In total, 107 individuals participated in a qualitative interview study conducted in Germany. Sixty-eight individuals suffering from a rare disease or related to somebody with rare diseases and 39 health care professionals took part. Individual interviews were conducted using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were analysed using the qualitative content analysis, triangulating patients, relatives, and health care professionals. The fulfilment of qualitative data processing standards has been controlled for.
Results: Out of 68 patients and relatives and 39 physicians, 52 and 18, respectively, advocated for the establishment of a rare diseases telephone service. Interviewees expected a helpline to include expert staffing, personal contact, good availability, low technical barriers, medical and psychosocial topics of counselling, guidance in reducing information chaos, and referrals. Health care professionals highlighted the importance of medical topics of counselling—in particular, differential diagnostics—and referrals.
Conclusions: Therefore, the need for a national rare diseases helpline was confirmed in this study. Due to limited financial resources, existing offers should be adapted in a stepwise procedure in accordance with the identified attributes.
Die hier zu besprechende Monographie "Mensch und Landschaft im südwestlichen Latium in der römischen Antike" stellt die leicht überarbeitete Fassung der Dissertation von Michael Teichmann (im Folgenden T.) dar, die er im Winter 2016/17 an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel am Institut für Geoarchäologie eingereicht hat. Der Phoibos Verlag strebt mit der Serie "Phoibos Humanities Series" eine Doppelstrategie an und vertreibt das Werk sowohl als gedrucktes Buch (89 €) wie auch als E-Book (59 €). Möglicherweise erklärt sich so der Verzicht auf einen Index, da das maschinenlesbare E-Book einen solchen theoretisch überflüssig macht. Da der Rezensent mit dem gedruckten Buch gearbeitet hat, fiel das Fehlen eines Indexes doch negativ ins Gewicht. ...
Was war und ist heute die Rolle der Griots im alten Afrika? Es besteht darin, über das Leben der Gemeinschaft durch die verschiedenen historischen Begebenheiten zu berichten. So begreift auch Sembene Ousmane seine Bestimmung als Filmemacher. Er soll ein "Griot der modernen Zeiten sein". Diese Rolle als Vertreter der eignen Gemeinschaft in den modernen Medien, wie z. B. dem Kino, entspricht auch Djibril Diop Mambetys Auffassung, jenes Filmemachers aus dem Senegal, der den Film als revolutionäres Vehikel begreift. Aber was wäre der afrikanische Film, fragt sich Signer, hätte man nicht Regisseure wie Idriss Ouadreogo oder die regionale Institution des FESPACO, die jährlich Preise für afrikanische Filmemacher vergibt. Dies bedeutet, dass der afrikanische Film seit der Unabhängigkeit präsenter geworden ist und versucht, selber als Vehikel realer oder fiktionaler Faktenin Afrika zu sein. So verspricht es auch der 1988 gedrehte Film Camp "Thiaroye" von Sembene Ousmane und Thierno Faty Sow, der kolonialgeschichtliche Geschehnisse in Afrika möglichst authentisch zu erzählen.
Brachyplatys subaeneus (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) es una especie de chinche originaria de Asia que fue reportada en 2016 por primera vez en Panamá y las Américas. Dicha especie es un organismo invasor considerado como una plaga potencial para los cultivos de guandú (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth) y otras leguminosas. Debido a que no se había trabajado más en este chinche desde su reporte, este estudio busca generar información respecto a su distribución geográfica en el país, focalizada a lo largo de la costa Pacífica de Panamá, desde Tortí, Panamá Este, hasta la región de Chitré, provincia de Herrera. A pesar de presentar esta distribución consideramos que esta especie invasora puede tener ámbitos de distribución más amplios en Panamá, tomando en cuenta el hecho de que es una especie con una alta tasa de reproducción y colonización.