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The present article focuses on the preservation of identity in the works of three Romanian-born authors (two of them of German origin – Herta Müller and Hans Bergel and the third of Jewish origin – Norman Manea). Their existence has been highly influenced on the one hand by being born in Romania, by the interaction with Romanian people, on the other hand by the oppressive communist regime under Ceaușescu, having to undergo censorship, imprisonment and even deportation. Therefore, all three authors have chosen to leave Romania and emigrate to Germany or America. These experiences have added new dimensions to their concept of identity. At the same time, they act as intermediaries between cultures, and keepers of their own multi-layered and complex identity.
Der literarische Mythos des Dr. Faust – Ansätze und Eckpunkte einer Phänomenologie im Überblick
(2013)
Due to its multidimensional model of identity, the literary myth of Dr. Faustus is suitable for a phenomenological analysis. This paper investigates this identity model as well as the most important aspects that must taken into account in this respect: its modulations, interpretations and variations, the instances of relevant expression that the literary myth of Dr. Faustus has adopted in its transformations across cultures and time.
The main theme “Identity and Alterity” requires a comprehensive view over the literary personages who are characterized by their backgrounds, their language and their food culture as well. Therefore, an interdisciplinary extending of perspectives should enhance the mere literary analysis. For this purpose the fields of study Sociolinguistics and Gastrosophy (a still insufficiently acknowledged humane discipline) are advisable. The sociolinguistic perspective illustrates the acquired or renegotiated spiritual home and identity of the personages within their language, whereas the gastrosophic perspective investigates their identity considering specific eating habits. The migration background of the reviewed author functions as a mirror which reflects and conveys these aspects in an inventive way. The paper intends to demonstrate to what extend the suggested approaches are suitable for analyzing a transcultural text.
Erinnerungsdiskurs und Identitätskonstruktion in Carmen Elisabeth Puchianus Roman "Patula lacht"
(2013)
The novel of Romanian-born German author Carmen Elizabeth Puchianu Patula lacht, was published in 2012 by the Karl Stutz Passau publishing house in Germany. The novel is hybrid in nature, with discourse oscillating constantly between the factual and the fictional, many of the events being autobiographical and rendered in the form of recollections. The present article sets out to analyse Carmen Elizabeth Puchianu’s above-mentioned novel in terms of the recollection techniques used. This study is based on research in literary and cultural theory issued over the past several years. The interference between recollection and identity – which is not regarded as an entity proper but rather as one that is built and enriched with multiple facets throughout the narrative – is also investigated.
The author starts from a study by Maria Fanache and Ilse Fels about Sibiu writers in the years of the „people’s democracy,” i.e. the period around 1960. The outlook and the stylistic structure were typical of socialist realism, while the criteria for the selection of the Romanian and German writers discussed were those of belles-letters adapted to propaganda purposes. The present paper rounds off the convenient aspects of the literature of the time with a series of aspects that had been kept silent or ignored for the sake of avoiding confrontation with certain factual contradictions which the socio-political changes of the „people’s democratic” dictatorship had brought about. In the summer of 1956, the state authorities considered a private literary meeting of over twenty persons an action meant to subvert the official ideology, an attempt to commit a conspiracy, and, later, some of those present came under investigation and served severe prison sentences.
Regine Ziegler was a Transylvanian Saxon poet and writer, who by the turn of the century lived for some years in Berlin, where her brother Karl Ziegler (1866–1945) was a successful portrait painter. In 1913 she assessed that in her writings she aimed to present the Saxons in their whole complexity, wishing that in the future all Germans should know Transylvania and its German inhabitants. Contiguous to the Saxons she presented the „sultry and passionate” Romanians, the „primitive and impulsive” Gypsies and the „nationalistic” Hungarians, she all had known from her multiethnic village Arkeden/Archita. Regine Ziegler’s approach, although characteristic for the epoch of fierce nationalism, breathes great sympathy for all Transylvanian ethnic groups.
The North Transylvanian linguist Friedrich Krauss has dealt with the Northern Transylvanian plant inventory in his work “Noesnerlaendish Plant Names” (1943) referring to the town of Bistritz and surroundings. The referenced popular names of the plants are rendered phonetically, the way the linguist heard (understood) them. I have selected 68 descriptive case samples of popular plantnames for my study and have grouped them according to certain criteria. These samples exemplify the fact that the cohabitation of Saxons, Romanians and Hungarians is reflected as well in the ethnographic plant naming phenomenon. They belong to the old Transylvanian vernacular names which the linguist and plantlover, Friedrich Krauss, has saved from oblivion.
Literature is not only a refuge of good, beauty and truth, it is, at the same time, a place of radical and extreme aspects. It contains uncontrollable forces, which are contrary to the classical ideal of harmony. Extremist poetics do not appear in the context of the conformal biographies. Biography and aesthetic, literature and life are closely connected, their tendency are going into the identity of the author as an artist of the extremes. The present study will exemplify the concept of “extremist literature”, respective “aesthetically extremism” on the basis of the drama Pastor Ephraim Magnus (1919) written by Hans Henny Jahnn (1894-1959).
Essential for my study is to show the nature and status of gypsy women from Transylvania, which has to be necessarily considered in the context of its own culture. The pictures of these women are mostly shown in the work of Heinrich von Wlislocki, transylvanian gypsy researcher, translator and folklorist of the 19th century. The gypsy women can occupy positions of power, such as an old wise woman,as magic woman, as a mother and as a potential wife. In these cases she is highly valued by the tribe. The above criteria for a gypsy woman to be measured, can be seen only in the context of tribal laws and customs of traditional gypsy groups.
On a close examination, the Romanian cultural space suggests the existance of a spiritual and cultural incompatibility between Romanian existential feeling and the Faustian man, endowed with the personality and character of Faustus. The Faustian character, Faustus and his literary myth have been imported in Romanian culture. Under the circumstances, this paper investigates the manner in which Faustian aspects and motives reflect in Romanian literature.
This article aims to trace different hypostases of alterity as they occur in the novel Vaterlandstage (Days at Home) by contemporary Romanian-born German author Dieter Schlesak. The paper draws on the distinction suggested by Volker Barth between the concepts “das Fremde” (i.e. “the stranger” that remains unknowable and impossible to control) and “das Andere” (i.e. “the other” which is excluded as a result of othering). The analysis of the way in which these two forms of alterity are represented in the novel shows that they go beyond the ethnic and cultural meaning of the terms and are closely linked to Schlesak’s antimimetic poetics, his identity concept based on estrangement and not-belonging as well as to his rejection of a materialist view of the world.
Barriereinseln und Außensände, geformt durch eine Kombination aus Wind, Wellen, Strömung und Küstenlängstransport gelten als morphologisch hoch aktive Küstenbereiche und variieren häufig in Ursprung, Genese und Entwicklung. Sie besitzen durch ihre dissipative Wirkungsweise eine bedeutende Schutzfunktion für rückwärtige Inseln, Halligen und Festlandbereiche und bilden vor der Küste Nordfrieslands die westliche Außengrenze des Wattenmeeres.
Ziel der nachfolgenden Studie ist es, anhand hochauflösender Georadarmessungen und sedimentologischer Daten aus Bohrungen die Landschaftsgeschichte an der Westküste Amrums sowie die Entstehung und interne sedimentäre Architektur des der Insel westlich angelagerten Kniepsandes zu untersuchen und die Prozesse, die zur Genese geführt haben, durch Datierungen zeitlich einzuordnen. Auf Grundlage der gewonnenen Daten wurden zwei stratigraphische Modelle entwickelt, welche die geologisch-geomorphologischen Prozesse und Sedimentationsbedingungen im Westküstenvorfeld erklären.
Ein Modell zeigt die Landschaftsentwicklung an der Westküste Amrums und beschreibt die Sedimentationsbedingungen, die im Vorfeld der Westküste herrschten, bevor der Kniepsand an die Insel heranwanderte. Auf der Landoberfläche des ertrinkenden saaleeiszeitlichen Geestkerns wurden zu Beginn der Flandrischen Transgression feinkörnige Sedimente eines Mischund Schlickwatts abgelagert. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der damals noch weit vor der Küste Amrums liegende Kniepsand eine Barriere bildete und so an der heute hochenergetischen Westküste für strömungsberuhigte Sedimentationsbedingungen sorgte. Durch Erosion am Geestkern bildeten sich in unterschiedlichen Höhenpositionen fossile Kliffs, die dem damaligen Meeresspiegelstand entsprechen.
Ein weiteres Modell beschreibt den Andockmechanismus des Kniepsandes an die Insel Amrum. Durch die Anlagerung des ehemaligen Außensandes und den damit einhergehenden Sedimentinput wurden die Bedingungen für eine großflächige Dünenbildung geschaffen.
Trata-se de uma réplica ao texto "Uma filosofia da história tornada sóbria", de Georg Lohmann. Nessa réplica o autor justifica que procura vincular uma teoria exigente da evolução social com a da consciência falível, porém não derrotista, de um ethos kantiano que nos obriga a contribuir de algum modo para a melhoria do mundo.
Egal ob Film, Musik oder Text – Cloud-Dienste revolutionieren die Werknutzung. Wird der Online-Zugang zu einem Musikalbum wichtiger als der Besitz? Ist der Krieg um das Copyright bald vorbei? Die Publizistin Kathrin Passig lotet im Interview aus, inwieweit digitale Güter in Zeiten der Cloud neue Antworten erfordern.
Von Wissenschaft und Kunst lässt sich nicht mehr mühelos als Komplementärpaar sprechen. Die Bestimmung der aktuellen Kulturperiode wird so erschwert. Sie vollzieht sich zumindest vorerst 'ex negativo', als Abgrenzung zur abgelaufenen. Hierbei entsteht, so die These, eine veränderte Bezugslogik, die zu einer neuen Ästhetik herausfordert und Kunst und Wissenschaft entsprechend neu ins Verhältnis setzt, auch weil parallel hierzu die sich verzweigenden Naturwissenschaften den empirisch messbaren Untersuchungsobjekten einen in der zeitgenössischen idealistischen Naturphilosophie bis dato undenkbar hohen Stellenwert einräumen. Diese neue Ästhetik ist durchdrungen von den Termini und Vorstellungen der jetzt wirksamen Naturwissenschaften und setzt insofern einen Prozess der begrifflichen Diffusion und Infiltration in Gang. Sie versteht sich als Wissenschaft vom Schönen, das aber nicht nur die Kunst, sondern auch die Natur betrifft und nach begrifflicher Klärung verlangt. Für die wissenschaftliche wie für die literarische Prosa bedeutet die Entwicklung der Ästhetik auch eine Umstellung der Darstellungsverfahren auf die noch recht unbestimmte Situation. Der mikroskopische Blick der Naturwissenschaften führt zur Beobachtung kleinster Teile. Textlich wird darum ebenfalls auf Verknappung zu kleinster, aphoristischer Prosa gesetzt. Diese Entwicklung verläuft jedoch nicht einfach je für sich, sondern erweist sich als Explorationsphase des eigenen Selbstverständnisses unter den Bedingungen von Gegenteiligem.
Frank Hethey zeigt am Beispiel Harro Harrings, wie zwiespältig das Bild der Neugriechen bei aller Begeisterung für den Befreiungskrieg war: Ähnlich wie bei Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer ist auch Harrings positives Bild der griechischen Zeitgenossen zeitweise stark eingetrübt. Gleichwohl sind auch Harrings Lebens- und Denkwege ein Beispiel dafür, dass der Philhellenismus geistesgeschichtliche und politische Entwicklungen im Vormärz überaus stark geprägt hat.