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Reforming the Malawian Public Sector argues that the new public management model that Malawi, like most African countries, adopted under the influence of donor organisations has not led to the intended development. The book examines decentralisation, performance contracting, and public-private partnerships as key aspects of the reforms and comes to the conclusion that at best, it can be argued that the failures have been due to poor implementation and this could be attributed to the fact that the process was led by donors who lacked the necessary institutional infrastructure. The book uses the 2005/6 fertiliser subsidy programme, which the government embarked on despite donor resistance that it went against market models, but which turned out to be overwhelmingly successful to demonstrate the state's developmental ability and potential. This volume is essential reading for academics, students, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of public administration, management, policy, development and governance in Africa and the rest of the developing world. The book is dedicated to the memory Guy Mhone, a Malawian, who was among Africa's leading scholars in public administration and governance. His works focused mainly on public sector reforms and development.
To many young people, the term sport has an exhilarating ring; to many older persons, it signifies recreation and leisure. From colonial times, it has been viewed as a means of social control. Increasingly, it is being touted by governments and donor agencies as a self-evident tool of Africa's development. How accurate are these individual, romantic and moral notions of sport? In this volume, eleven African scholars offer insightful analyses of the complex ideological and structural dimensions of modern sport as a cultural institution. Drawing on various theories and cross-cultural data, the contributors to this volume highlight the various ways in which sport norms, policies, practices and representations pervasively interface with gender and other socially constructed categories of difference. They argue that sport is not only a site of competition and physical recreation, but also a crossroad where features of modern society such as hegemony, identities, democracy, technology, development and master statuses intertwine and bifurcate. As they point out in many ways, sport production, reproduction, distribution and consumption are relational, spatial and contextual and, therefore, do not pay off for men, women and other social groups equally. The authors draw attention to the structure and scope of efforts needed to transform the exclusionary and gendered nature of sport processes to make them adequate to the task of engendering Africa's development. Gender, Sport and Development in Africa is an immensely important contribution to current debates on the broader impacts of sport on society. It is an essential reading for students, policy-makers and others interested in perspectives that interrogate the grand narratives of sport as a neutral instrument of development in African countries.
The events of May 2008 in which 62 people were killed simply for being 'foreign' and thousands were turned overnight into refugees shook the South African nation. This book is the first to attempt a comprehensive and rigorous explanation for those horrific events. It argues that xenophobia should be understood as a political discourse and practice. As such its historical development as well as the conditions of its existence must be elucidated in terms of the practices and prescriptions which structure the field of politics. In South Africa, the history of xenophobia is intimately connected to the manner in which citizenship has been conceived and fought over during the past fifty years at least. Migrant labour was de-nationalised by the apartheid state, while African nationalism saw the same migrant labour as the foundation of that oppressive system. Only those who could show a family connection with the colonial and apartheid formation of South Africa could claim citizenship at liberation. Others were excluded and seen as unjustified claimants to national resources. Xenophobia's conditions of existence, the book argues, are to be found in the politics of post-apartheid nationalism where state prescriptions founded on indigeneity have been allowed to dominate uncontested in conditions of an overwhelmingly passive conception of citizenship. The de-politicisation of an urban population, which had been able to assert its agency during the 1980s through a discourse of human rights in particular, contributed to this passivity. Such state liberal politics have remained largely unchallenged. As in other cases of post-colonial transition in Africa, the hegemony of xenophobic discourse, the book contends, is to be sought in the specific character of the state consensus.
Bulozi under the Luyana Kings : Political Evolution and State Formation in Pre-Colonial Zambia
(2010)
Bulozi under the Luyana Kings is a study of the Lozi Kingdom in Western Zambia in the pre-colonial period. The study traces the origins of the Luyana and the Lozi people; the founding of the Luyana Central Kingship and the invasion by the Makololo in the mid-nineteenth century; and ends with the study of the Lozi response to European intrusion at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bulozi under the Luyana Kings was first published in 1973 by Longman, London. After wide consultations at home and abroad, the book is now republished in its original form.
Strengthening popular participation in the African Union : a guide to AU structures and processes
(2010)
The African Union (AU) has committed to a vision of Africa that is 'integrated, prosperous and peaceful - driven by its own citizens, a dynamic force in the global arena' (Vision and Mission of the African Union, May 2004). This guide is an effort to take up the challenge of achieving this vision. It is a tool to assist activists to engage with AU policies and programmes. It describes the AU decision-making process and outlines the roles and responsibilities of the AU institutions. It also contains a sampling of the experiences of those non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that have interacted with the AU.
Uganda's broadcast media landscape has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years. While the public broadcaster remains the dominant national player - in terms of reach - in both radio and television, commercial broadcasters have introduced a substantial level of diversity in the industry. Public broadcasting faces serious competition from the numerous private and independent broadcasters, especially in and around the capital Kampala and major urban centres. In fact, the private/commercial sector clearly dominates the industry in most respects, notably productivity and profitability. The public broadcaster, which enjoys wider geographical coverage, faces the challenge of trying to fulfil a broad mandate with little funding. This makes it difficult for UBC to compete with the more nimble operators in the commercial/private sector. Overall, there appears to be a healthy degree of pluralism and diversity in terms of ownership.
Since the collapse of apartheid, there have been major increases in migration flows within, to and from the Southern African region. Cross-border movements are at an all-time high across the region and internal migration is at record levels. The implications of greater mobility for areas of origin and destination have not been systematically explored. Migration is most often seen as a negative phenomenon, a result of increased poverty and the failure of development. More recently, the positive relationship between migration and development has been emphasised by agencies such as the Global Commission on International Migration, the Global Forum on Migration and Development, the United Nations Development Programme and the African Union. The chapters in this publication are all based on primary research and examine various facets of the relationship between migration, poverty and development, including issues that are often ignored in the migration-development debate like migration and food security and migration and vulnerability to HIV. The book argues that the development and poverty reduction potential of migration is being hindered by national policies that fail to recognise and build on the positive aspects and potential of migration. As a result, as these studies show, migrants are often pushed to the margins where they are forced to 'survive on the move'. Their treatment violates labour laws and basic human rights and compromises the potential of migration as a means to create sustainable livelihoods, reduce poverty and food insecurity, mitigate the brain drain and promote the productive use of remittances. This book shows that migrant lives and livelihoods should be at the centre of international and African debates about migration, poverty and development.
Social Accountability in Africa: Practitioners' Experiences and Lessons is a collection of case studies from Africa on social accountability. This collection attempts to build a consolidated body of knowledge on social accountability efforts across the continent. The case studies are diverse and present unique approaches to how social accountability strategies and interventions are implemented within different countries. The book is written by practitioners, for practitioners, providing first hand experience of designing and implementing social accountability initiatives and the challenges, methods and successes each one presents.
The relationship between migration, development and remittances in Lesotho has been exhaustively studied for the period up to 1990. This was an era when the vast majority of migrants from Lesotho were young men working on the South African gold mines and over 50 percent of households had a migrant mineworker. Since 1990, patterns of migration to South Africa have changed dramatically. The reconfiguration of migration between the two countries has had a marked impact on remittance flows to Lesotho. The central question addressed in this report is how the change in patterns of migration from and within Lesotho since 1990 has impacted on remittance flows and usage.
The book interrogates the relationship between democracy and development and how underdevelopment prevents citizens from participating in democracy. Section One is a collection of experts' writing on key issues such as the single-party state; development policy; poverty, inequality and growth; the institutions of governance; the public service; and the role of civil society. Section Two, Idasa's Democracy Index 2010, releases Idasa's findings on Participation, Elections, Accountability, Political Freedom, Human Dignity and Democracy. The third in Idasa's Democracy Index series, this book argues that democracy needs economic development along with an embedded system of institutions, supported by active citizens and a vibrant political culture.
South Africa's provincial education departments have been reduced to provincial administrations, for reasons that include the powerful role national government plays in delivering education services. This book looks in detail at education spending and asks: Can we afford to maintain administrations that cannot possibly change the course of poor quality education and engineer a brighter future for our poor and deprived learners? The authors believe this question and the future role of provincial education departments need to be discussed, openly and publicly, without delay.
Few African countries provide for an explicit right to a nationality. Laws and practices governing citizenship effectively leave hundreds of thousands of people in Africa without a country. These stateless Africans can neither vote nor stand for office; they cannot enrol their children in school, travel freely, or own property; they cannot work for the government; they are exposed to human rights abuses. Statelessness exacerbates and underlies tensions in many regions of the continent. Citizenship Law in Africa, a comparative study by two programs of the Open Society Foundations, describes the often arbitrary, discriminatory, and contradictory citizenship laws that exist from state to state and recommends ways that African countries can bring their citizenship laws in line with international rights norms. The report covers topics such as citizenship by descent, citizenship by naturalisation, gender discrimination in citizenship law, dual citizenship, and the right to identity documents and passports. It is essential reading for policymakers, attorneys, and activists. This second edition includes updates on developments in Kenya, Libya, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe, as well as minor corrections to the tables and other additions throughout.
Undisciplined Heart
(2010)
When Jane Katjavivi becomes involved in London in support of change in Southern Africa, she meets and marries a Namibian activist in exile. Moving with him to Namibia at the time of Independence in 1990, she faces a new life in a starkly beautiful country. She starts to publish Namibian writing and opens a bookshop. In Windhoek she develops friendships with a group of strong, independent women, who have also come from other countries, and are engaged in different ways to overcome the divisions of the past. Over coffee, drinks and food, they support each other through times of happiness and sadness, through juggling careers and family, and through illness and death. When her husband is made Ambassador to the Benelux countries and the European Union, and later Berlin, Jane has to build a new identity as the wife of an ambassador, and come to terms with her own ill-health without her friends around her to support her. Set against the backdrop of the historical, political and social development of newly independent Namibia, Undisciplined Heart tells the story of Jane's love for her family, friends and her adopted country, in a gentle and honest way that reflects the joys and tragedies of life
This Place I Call Home
(2010)
Ten stories. Ten voices. Ten diverse perspectives of what home has meant to South Africans that country's challenging history. In this thought provoking collection we are drawn into the lives of others. From an old widower who seems content on the outside but feels that his world is unravelling in the new South Africa, to an immigrant who has fled racial persecution in 1930s Europe and now finds himself on a barren sheep farm in the Karoo, to a Polokwane teacher confronted with the moral dilemma of xenophobic sentiments in her township, This Place I Call Home, leaves the reader deeply aware of local realities. Even though these powerful stories are often characterised by hardship and personal loss, one cannot help but emerge inspired by the tenacity of the human spirit and the resilience of South Africa's people.
Lava Lamp Poems
(2010)
Piece Work
(2010)
Ingrid Andersen was born in Johannesburg, read for a degree in English literature at Wits and is presently completing her Masters. Her work has been published in literary journals for 16 years. Excision, her first volume of poetry, was published in 2004. Her influences include the French Romantic poets, Imagism and the writings of Basho. She is the founding editor of Incwadi, an SA journal that explores the interaction between poetry and image. An Anglican priest, she works in human rights, healing and reconciliation.
The Thin Line
(2010)
Arja Salafranca is an accomplished writer, having twice won the Sanlam Literary Award in South Africa. The stories in her new book engage and reel in the reader on that 'thin line' from the start. The carefully drawn characters are haunting: Corinna trapped in her huge teenage body, Cleo in love with a married man after all these years, and poor skinny Mark, as he sees his love teeter away from him.'Ten Minutes to Hate' tells of an armed robbery in a packed theatre, and its effect, emotionally and psychologically, on two of the people involved. 'Collage' is the story of a possessive love so fierce, that only death can resolve it. Searingly honest, sometimes painfully so.
The bed, dressed in hand sewn quilt or threadbare blanket, may in and of itself be memorable, but it is what happens in the bed - the sex and lovemaking, the dreams, the reading, the nightmares, the rest, giving birth and dying - which give 'bed' special meaning. Whether a bed is shared with a book, a child, a pet or a partner, whether lovers lie in ecstasy or indifference, whether 'bed' relates to intimacy or betrayal, it is memories and recollections of 'bed', in whatever form, which have triggered the writing of these thirty stories by women from southern Africa. Well known writers Joanne Fedler, Sarah Lotz, Arja Salafranca, Rosemund Handler and Liesl Jobson will delight, but you will discover here new writers from Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia and Zambia, each with a unique voice as they cast light on the intimate lives of women living in this part of the world and the possibilities that are both available to and denied them. The BED BOOK of short stories - some quirky and tender, others traumatic or macabre - is the perfect companion to take to bed with you, to keep you reading long into the night.
This nine-country study of higher education financing in Africa includes three East African states (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda), five countries in southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa), and an Indian Ocean island state (Mauritius). Higher Education Financing in East and Southern Africa explores trends in financing policies, paying particular attention to the nature and extent of public sector funding of higher education, the growth of private financing (including both household financing and the growth of private higher education institutions) and the changing mix of financing instruments that these countries are developing in response to public sector financial constraints. This unique collection of African-country case studies draws attention to the remaining challenges around the financing of higher education in Africa, but also identifies good practices, lessons and common themes.
Morgan Tsvangirais appointment as Zimbabwes Prime Minister in 2009 followed many years leadership of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trades Unions and the Movement for Democratic Change. How has that experience equipped him for high national office? Does he have the personal, intellectual and political qualities required to be President? In July 2004, as he was awaiting the verdict in his treason trial, Tsvangirai spent several days in conversation with Stephen Chan. Chan was concerned to find out if Tsvangirai was more than merely a charismatic leader of the opposition; if he had his own intellectual agenda [and] political philosophy. His questions were even-handed and astute. Discussion by discussion, Morgan Tsvangirai had become more open, more human less cautious and, paradoxically, more obviously and naturally presidential. Five years later, having reviewed the events since their discussions took place, Chan writes: I have not made a saint of him, not even an Atlas. I hope I have not criticized him too much or too unfairly. Probably no one could have done for Zimbabwe what he has. Citizen of Zimbabwe is a rare and intimate portrait of political leadership in Africa.
This is an introductory textbook on the Zimbabwean legal system. It sets the stage for a comprehensive description of that legal system by opening with some theoretical issues on the nature of law in general, particularly a definition of law, the role and purpose of law in society, the relationship between law and justice and how morality impacts on law. After outlining this theoretical framework, it turns to the Zimbabwean legal system and covers the following key areas: sources of Zimbabwean law, the scope of Roman-Dutch law in Zimbabwe, the law-making process and the role of Parliament, the structure of the courts in Zimbabwe, the procedures in the civil and criminal courts, the legal aid system and the nature of the legal profession. It covers the process of appointment of judges and its effect on the independence of the judiciary. It has a long closing chapter on the interpretation of statutes covering all the rules, maxims and presumptions.
The ongoing crisis in Zimbabwe has led to an unprecedented exodus of over a million desperate people from all strata of Zimbabwean society. The Zimbabwean diaspora is now truly global in extent. Yet rather than turning their backs on Zimbabwe, most maintain very close links with the country, returning often and remitting billions of dollars each year. Zimbabwe's Exodus. Crisis, Migration, Survival is written by leading migration scholars many from the Zimbabwean diaspora. The book explores the relationship between Zimbabwe's economic and political crisis and migration as a survival strategy. The book includes personal stories of ordinary Zimbabweans living and working in other countries, who describe the hotility and xenophobia they often experience.
Memory is the Weapon
(2010)
Donato Francesco Mattera has been celebrated as a journalist, editor, writer and poet. He is also acknowledged as one of the foremost activists in the struggle for a democratic South Africa, and helped to found both the Union of Black Journalists, the African Writer's Association and the Congress of South African Writers. Born in 1935 in Western Native Township (now Westbury) across the road from Sophiatown, Mattera can lay claim to an intriguingly diverse lineage: his paternal grandfather was Italian, and he has Tswana, Khoi-Khoi and Xhosa blood in his veins. Yet diversity was hardly being celebrated at that time. In one of apartheid's most infamous actions, the vibrant multicultural Sophiatown was destroyed in 1955 and replaced with the white suburb of Triomf, and the wrenching displacement, can be felt in Mattera's writing. The story of his life in Sophiatown as told in this essay is intricate. Covering Mattera's teenage years from 1948 to 1962 when Sophiatown was bulldozed out of existence, it weaves together both his personal experience and political development. In telling the story of his life as a 'coloured' teenager, Mattera takes on the ambitious goal of making us recapture the crucial events of the 1950s in Sophiatown, one of the most important decades in the history of black political struggles in South Africa.
The State of Africa 2010
(2010)
The State of Africa series project was conceived by the Africa Institute of South Africa (AISA) during its 2003-2004 financial year for purposes of mapping out on a regular basis critical issue areas relating to intra- and inter-African as well as extra-African relations. The first and second volumes of the series were published in 2004 and 2008 respectively. Volume 1: The State of Africa: Thematic and Factual Review served as an exploratory piece and covered a broad range of issues relating to politics and governance, millennium development goals (MDGs), peace and conflict and regional development. Volume 2: The State of Africa: Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development focused thematically and examined - from critical and comprehensive perspectives - issues associated with post-conflict in Africa. The volume was grounded on the continent's quest for conflict prevention, management and resolution as a means of creating an enabling environment for the consolidation of democracy and reconstruction of societies affected by crisis in general and war in particular. This volume, Volume 3: Parameters and Legacies of Governance and Issue Areas takes a multi-pronged and multi-faceted approach to some of these issues by providing in-depth analysis of dynamics at national, regional, continental and international levels. The global transformation in the 1980s and 1990s, which witnessed the crumbling of the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact and opened a window of opportunities for East-West bipolar rapprochement, particularly between the United States and Russia, also had impact on Africa at the national, regional and continental levels. Focusing on conceptual units, such as the state, indigenous organisations, regional and continental organisations as well as selected priority issues - in particular gender and empowerment, the global South, and space science - the chapters in the book provide useful insights into the nature and impact of the transformation and its impact on the socio-economic and politico-security situation in Africa.
The Coming African hour is not a slogan, nor wishful thinking. It is a conclusion that derives from an insightful analysis of the current situation pertaining on the continent. Several African scholars, coming from different regions and academic backgrounds are elaborating ideas and arguments in order to explain the constraints and to illustrate the opportunities. The result of that scientific gathering is a book that synthesizes and renews the reflections on development. What is at stake is not to be pessimistic or optimistic about Africa. The epistemological challenge is to understand what is going on. By focusing on converging and diverging African realities, on the issues of state, civil society, gender and development strategies, the authors of the book show under which conditions the African hour is coming. At that level, the commitment for political science meets the commitment for Africa. The main success of this book is to overcome the preconceived ideas and self-fulfilling prophecies about Africa. Here, the analysis avoids the trap of indulgence; then hope is based on truth. Consequently, the coming African hour is not inescapable: it is, as analyzed, a possibility that its achievement depends on institutional, human, political, social and economic factors.
This report on the broadcast media in Nigeria finds that liberalisation efforts in the broadcasting sector have only been partially achieved. More than a decade after military rule, the nation still has not managed to enact media legislation that is in line with continental standards, particularly the Declaration on Freedom of Expression in Africa. The report, part of an 11-country survey of broadcast media in Africa, strongly recommends the transformation of the two state broadcasters into a genuine public broadcaster as an independent legal entity with editorial independence and strong safeguards against any interference from the federal government, state governments and other interests. The report was written by Mr. Akin Akingbulu Executive Director, Institute for Media and Society, IMS, Nigeria.
Im Mittelpunkt des Textes, so scheint es, steht die trauernde Verarbeitung eines lang zurückliegenden Ereignisses, damit zugleich Erinnerung und Abschied als Grundmotive des Werkes von Droste-Hülshoff, wie sie auch in anderen Texten wie "Meine Toten" oder dem Byron-Gedicht "Lebt Wohl" zum Ausdruck kommen. In der "Taxuswand" durchmisst Droste-Hülshoff eine lange Zeitspanne, achtzehn Jahre, die zwischen der Begegnung und seiner dichterischen Verarbeitung stehen. Die Frage, die in diesem Zusammenhang im Raum steht, ist die nach dem grundsätzlichen Verhältnis von dichterischer Erinnerungsleistung und biographischem Erlebnis im Werk der Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. Dass beide in ähnlicher Weise wie bei Baudelaire nicht einfach zusammenfallen, sondern auseinandertreten, ist die Vermutung, der es im Folgenden nachzugehen gilt.
Les Colloques de Cerisy
(2010)
Die Tagung "Blickwechsel Rainer Maria Rilke: Leben und Werk" hat vom 13. bis zum 20. August 2009 sechzig Personen aus acht verschiedenen Ländern versammelt und so dem internationalen Auftrag des Kulturzentrums von Cerisy-la-Salle entsprochen. Es war die erste im Schloß von Cerisy stattfindende dreisprachige Tagungswoche zu Person und Werk von Rainer Maria Rilke.
Rilke in Salvador, Brasilien
(2010)
Im Jahr 1990 wurde in Salvador, Bahia, die Iniciativa Cultural Austro-Brasileira (ICAB) gegründet, eine Plattform für Vermittlung und Austausch österreichischer Kultur in Brasilien. [...] In allen folgenden Literaturveranstaltungen der ICAB (unter anderem zu Trakl, Schnitzler und Hofmannsthal) war Rilke ein fester Bestandteil, in Auszügen aus seiner Korrespondenz, in Lesungen und Zitaten.
Am 3. Februar 2009 ist in Ittigen bei Bern, im Seniorenheim Tertianum, wo er die letzte Lebenszeit verbracht hat, Professor Dr. Jacob Steiner gestorben. Er war, 1982 auf Schloss Duino gewählt, bis 1993 Präsident der Rilke-Gesellschaft und danach ihr Ehrenpräsident. Es ist in den letzten Jahren sehr ruhig um Jacob Steiner geworden, wie man es nicht erwartet hätte, wenn man seine Biographie, sein akademisches Curriculum ansieht.
Rezension zu Rainer Maria Rilke's The Book of Hours. A New Translation with Commentary. Translated by Susan Ranson. Edited with and Introduction and Notes by Ben Hutchinson. Camden House. Rochester New York. 2009. XLIV + 240 S.
Die Literatur zu Rilke befindet sich noch immer in einem dynamischen Wachstumsprozess, so daß ein Bericht darüber immer in Gefahr ist, das gerade Aktuelle zu übersehen, und um Geduld nachsuchen muß und Nachsicht für unvermeidliche Verspätungen und kaum voraussehbare Nachträge. [...] Die Rilke-Literatur ist folglich zwar beinahe unübersichtlich umfangreich, aber es lassen sich doch einige Grundzüge erkennen. Erstens: Die Rilke-Literatur ist international. [...] Zweitens: Die Dichtung Rilkes ist beinahe unantastbar geworden.
"Ein so reines wie genaues Bild" : Einblick in Rilkes Briefwechsel mit Olga Quaas-von Eisenstein
(2010)
Rilke antwortet auf eine Bitte um ein Erinnerungsbild mit dem im Januar 1912 auf Schloß Duino entstandenen "Marien-Leben". Er widmet Olga Quaas-von Eisenstein ein Exemplar und gerät dabei ins Nachdenken über sich selbst und nimmt die Erinnerung an seine Zeit in St. Pölten dankbar auf. Er schreibt an Olga Quaas von Eisenstein einen dreiseitigen Brief
An Ostern 1923 erhielt Rainer Maria Rilke auf Château de Muzot Besuch vom "Burgherrn", seinem Freund und Gönner Werner Reinhart (1884-1951). In dessen Begleitung erschienen zwei weitere Gäste, der Maler Edmund von Freyhold sowie eine Rilke damals noch unbekannte Musikerin: die australische Violinistin Alma Moodie (1898-1943). Nach dem österlichen Treffen entspann sich zwischen dem Dichter und der Musikerin ein loser Briefwechsel, der mehrere Jahre andauerte. Rilkes Briefe an die Geigerin wurden nie publiziert. Mindestens zwei davon sind auf Auktionen aufgetaucht, die meisten jedoch haben bislang als verschollen gegolten. Ein Teil des Briefwechsels befindet sich jedoch im Besitz von Frau Heidi Spengler-Bickel, der Schwiegertochter Alma Moodies, die es ermöglicht hat, ihn hier zu veröffentlichen. Die insgesamt zwölf Briefe - fünf davon stammen von Rilke - können nicht nur den Briefwechsel des Dichters um einige Teilstücke vervollständigen. Seine Beziehung zu der australischen Musikerin erhält durch die Briefe genauere Konturen - darüber hinaus ermöglichen sie einige seltene Einblicke in das Tourneeleben einer jungen Berufsmusikerin zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Rilkes Begegnung mit Alma Moodie wird im Folgenden in groben Zügen nachgezeichnet; dabei erschien es sinnvoll, die Briefe in den Lauftext einzurücken, so dass der Zusammenhang des in ihnen Besprochenen aus der Chronologie der Ereignisse hervorgeht. Ergänzt wird der Briefwechsel durch Auszüge aus bislang ebenfalls unveröffentlichten Briefen Alma Moodies an Werner Reinhart.
Die Veröffentlichung der folgenden Briefe aus dem Jahre 1912 ist der Beginn einer Publikation aller Briefe Rilkes an Pia Valmarana in den Blättern der Rilke-Gesellschaft - voraussichtlich noch in zwei weiteren Folgen. Pia Valmaranas Briefe an Rilke sind nicht erhalten. Vermutlich wurden sie nach Rilkes Tod zurückgegeben und von Pia selbst oder von ihren Erben der Veröffentlichung entzogen. Im Jahr 1939 schenkte Pia Valmarana Ernst Zinn einen Teil der an sie und ihre Mutter Giustina gerichteten Briefe Rilkes in maschinenschriftlicher Abschrift, eingeheftet in einen grauen Umschlag; es handelt sich um 35 Briefe, chronologisch nicht geordnet. Nach ihrem Tod im Jahr 1948 fanden sich in ihrem Nachlaß weitere 38 Briefe, darunter auch ganz kurze Mitteilungen, zumeist auf Visitenkarten. Die Handschriften, im Jahr 1952 von den Erben verkauft, befinden sich jetzt im Rilke-Archiv der Schweizerischen Nationalbibliothek in Bern. Ernst Zinn wurden Photokopien aller Manuskripte zur Verfügung gestellt; dazu gehören auch eine Reihe von Widmungsexemplaren und zehn photographische Ansichten von Ronda mit Erläuterungen von Rilke auf der Rückseite. Dieser Bestand, der bis jetzt in kein Archiv eingegliedert ist, wird ergänzt durch Notizen von Ernst Zinn, durch Listen und Protokolle. Wolfgang Herwig, Schüler und Mitarbeiter von Ernst Zinn, hat im Jahr 1950 ein Verzeichnis des ganzen Bestandes angelegt und darüber hinaus alle Briefe in ein maschinenschriftliches Manuskript übertragen; es ist Grundlage dieses Textes, der erneut an den Autographen der Briefe überprüft wurde; Entwürfe zu den Briefen konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Ihr Text ist diplomatisch getreu wiedergegeben, das heißt Verschreibungen und Flüchtigkeitsfehler sind nicht korrigiert, lediglich durch ein <sic> gekennzeichnet; Rilkes Großschreibung von Substantiven, wenn sie Dinge bezeichnen, die ihm wichtig waren, wird nicht als Fehler angesehen und bleibt ohne diese Kennzeichnung; dies gilt auch für die zahlreichen Stellen, an denen Rilke in Bedingungssätzen mit "si" statt des korrekten Indikativs die Konditionalform verwendet. Unterstreichungen Rilkes sind als solche beibehalten; die wenigen Korrekturen von Rilkes Hand sind, soweit noch leserlich, in den Fußnoten festgehalten. Mit Hilfe des Briefwechsels Taxis konnte die fehlende oder unvollständige Datierung der Briefe aus Venedig ergänzt werden (in eckigen Klammern), seine Register waren darüber hinaus eine Hilfe bei der Bestimmung der vielen von Rilke erwähnten Personen, mit denen er in Venedig und während der Herbstwochen auf Duino umging.
Natürlich wäre es ein vergebliches, möglicherweise unzulässiges Unterfangen, dem Bekenntnis der Kolmar, Rilke habe sie "vielleicht" durch die "Plastik" seiner "späteren Gedichte" und mit "Einzelheiten aus [seinem] Werk beeinflußt", nun nachzugehen und es gar belegen zu wollen. Allein und dennoch: legitimiert wäre man mit jenem Eingeständnis schon und sich selbst der Subjektivität bei solchem Versuch durchaus bewußt.
Rilkes Gedichtband "Das Buch der Bilder" wird allgemein von der Forschung als eine Art Übergangswerk gesehen. Ihm folgen die - weitaus höher eingeschätzten - "Neuen Gedichte", die noch heute als ein Höhepunkt in Rilkes Schaffen gesehen werden und "den Dichter mit seiner neuen […] poetologischen Orientierung zu einem der bedeutendsten Vertreter der literarischen Moderne mach[en]." Daß trotzdem auch einem "Übergangswerk" ein nicht zu unterschätzender poetischer Wert innewohnen kann, zeigt unter anderem Rilkes Beschäftigung mit der Liebesthematik im "Buch der Bilder". In diesem Zusammenhang kann das Gedicht "Die Liebende" als eine Art Zäsur in Rilkes poetischer Gestaltung der Weiblichkeit angesehen werden. [...] Das Gedicht "Die Liebende" im "Buch der Bilder" markiert eine Umkehr von der motivbehafteten Darstellung des Weiblichen hin zur poetischen Darstellung einer Theorie der intransitiven Liebe, die - entgegen gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen - nicht auf Erwiderung zielt.
Die Nachklänge der Zeitauslegung Augustins in Rilkes Dichtung sind vor allem ein Echo seiner 'Confessiones'-Lektüre. Mit diesem Werk hat sich Rilke, wie er berichtet, intensiv befaßt und 1911 sogar begonnen, es ins Deutsche zu übersetzen. Äußerlich faßbare Spuren seiner Augustinus-Lektüre treten wohl erstmals in der Rodin-Monographie von 1902 hervor. Dort spielt Rilke auf eine Stelle aus dem Proömium der 'Confessiones' an, die zusätzlich auf die Untersuchung des Seins der Zeit in deren elftem Buch hindeutet. Die Passage, die mit der Feststellung beginnt, Rodin sei ein Greis, dessen Leben einmal "begonnen" habe, nun "tief in ein großes Alter" hineingehe und für uns so sei, "als ob es vor vielen hundert Jahren vergangen wäre", verbindet Rilke mit einem charakteristischen Gedanken Augustins. Am Beginn seiner Betrachtungen zu Rodin mutmaßt er über dessen Leben: "Es wird eine Kindheit gehabt haben, irgendeine, eine Kindheit in Armut, dunkel suchend und ungewiß. Und es hat diese Kindheit vielleicht noch, denn -, sagt der heilige Augustinus einmal, wohin sollte sie gegangen sein?" Damit klingt schon Rilkes große Sehnsucht nach einem Bleiben an, die zugleich als Nachklang der Zeitauslegung in Augustins 'Confessiones' zu lesen ist und auch seine in vielen Abschattungen immer wiederkehrende Frage bestimmt, die den Titel der vorliegenden Untersuchung bildet: "Giebt es wirklich die Zeit, die zerstörende?" Rilkes Dichtung war trotz mancher Distanz zum christlichen Dogma tief in den Themen und Antworten des christlichen Glaubens beheimatet. Dies neu zu beachten, mag eine Aufgabe der Rilke-Forschung wie der Theologie sein.
Kleine Planeten oder Planetoiden, zu denen auch der Planetoid "Rilke" gehört, sind Überreste aus der Zeit der Entstehung unseres Sonnensystems. In den Bereichen, in denen sich die Mehrzahl der kleinen Planeten auch jetzt noch befindet (dem Planetoidengürtel), sind sie auch entstanden - vor etwa fünf Milliarden Jahren. In diesen Bereichen unseres Sonnensystems hatte die Menge des für die Bildung fester Körper verfügbaren Materials nicht einen einzigen großen Körper, sondern eine Vielzahl kleiner Körper gebildet.
In einer oft zitierten Aussage aus dem Jahr 1924 hat Rilke erklärt, daß unter allen seinen Inspiratoren Cézanne der Wichtigste war, und er diesem "stärkste[n] Vorbild" "seit 1906" "auf allen Spuren nachging." In seinem Vortrag versucht Peter Por, diese Aussage so zu deuten, wie Rilke sie gelten lassen wollte, also im Bezug auf das ganze Lebenswerk; und Por versucht gerade die Wendung darzulegen, die Rilke von der Poetik, die er in seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Cézannes Raumschöpfung und besonders mit Cézannes Perspektivenbehandlung erarbeitet hatte, zu jener Poetik führte, die er sich aufgrund seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Klees Raumschöpfung und besonders mit dessen Perspektivenbehandlung angeeignet hatte.
Ausgehend von den Karussell-Gedichten Lessings und Rilkes sowie vor dem Hintergrund des Lessing'schen Laokoon und brieflicher Äußerungen Rilkes sollten einige Übereinstimmungen und Abgrenzungen ihrer ästhetischen Positionen sichtbar werden - man kann die angedeuteten Koinzidenzen für überraschend halten oder für längst bekannt: manchmal gleichen die Versuche, Relationen zwischen zwei Künstlern auszuloten, dem zufälligen Gespräch im Eisenbahnabteil: man muß nur lange genug miteinander sprechen, dann trifft man auf gemeinsame Bekannte. Und doch scheint etwas mehr im Spiel zu sein: Paradox formuliert, zeigt sich die Gemeinsamkeit zwischen Lessing und Rilke, diesen so weit auseinander liegenden Gestalten, eben darin, daß sie voneinander nichts wußten. Daß beide die ästhetische Erfahrung, auf die es hier ankommt, unabhängig voneinander, und aus unterschiedlichsten Zeit- und Lebenszusammenhängen machen, spricht für ein 'fundamentum in re' dieser Erfahrung, einer entscheidenden und unbedingten Erfahrung aus der Arbeit in der Sprache.