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Eines der zentralen Konzepte, auf das sich die Sowjetunion in ihrem Selbstverständnis als neue Zivilisation berief, war das Konzept der "Völkerfreundschaft" (družba narodov). Über den naheliegenden Zusammenhang mit der sowjetischen Nationalitätenpolitik (insbesondere stalinscher Prägung) hinaus verweist es auf die propagierte sowjetische Ethik – die Gleichheit aller Sowjetbürger nach der Abschaffung der Klassengesellschaft. Nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion wird dieses Modell des gemeinschaftlichen Zusammenlebens bezogen auf den Raum der Sowjetkultur vor allem als machtpolitische Strategie bzw. in seiner mythenhaften Dimension betrachtet. Anliegen des Workshops ist es, ausgehend vom sowjetischen Freundschaftsbegriff unterschiedliche Facetten und Implikationen der Freundschaft im interkulturellen Vergleich zu diskutieren. So haben Länder und Regionen im Süden und Osten Europas (wie Georgien) beispielsweise die Gastfreundschaft als kulturelle Praktik zu ihrem "Markenzeichen" erklärt. Die Art und Weise, wie die Gastfreundschaft in Literatur und Kunst verhandelt bzw. repräsentiert wird, ist ein Indiz für die nachhaltige Bedeutung des Paradigmas, das bis in aktuelle Konflikte und juristische Diskurse (wie etwa die Frage nach dem Gastrecht oder das ethnisch begründete Restitutionsgesetz im heutigen Abchasien) hineinreicht. Gefragt wird u.a. nach den politischen Implikationen des Freundschaftsbegriffs, nach der Übertragung des interpersonellen Konzepts Freundschaft auf Völker im (sowjetischen) Konzept der Völkerfreundschaft, nach Politisierungsstrategien, nach unterschiedlichen Praktiken der (Gast-)Freundschaft (u.a. im Kontext der Derridaschen Ethik oder der Positionen von C. Schmitt, P. Klossowski oder M. Mauss) oder etwa nach der Bildung formeller und informeller Netzwerke in unterschiedlichen kulturellen und historischen Kontexten. Schwerpunktmäßig im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert angesiedelt, wird im Rahmen des Workshops auch die Genese der (sowjetischen) Konzepte und Praktiken der Freundschaft aus der Antike bzw. der Vormoderne thematisiert.
Nachdem der erste große Krieg der Moderne Ende Juli 1914 seinen Anfang genommen hatte und innerhalb weniger Monate immer mehr Nationen in ein Kampfgeschehen von bis dahin unerreichtem Ausmaß eingetreten waren, ließ es sich – so wird in ausgewählten Puppenspielen der Zeit berichtet – alsbald auch ein altbekannter Spaßmacher und berühmtberüchtigter Spitzbub nicht nehmen, im weltumspannenden Kriegsgetümmel mitzumischen. Mit dem Kasper(l) unserer Tage, der wohl in vielen Menschen kraft seiner herzerwärmenden Kindlichkeit und seiner schalkhaften Harmlosigkeit Assoziationen an die eigene Kindheit hervorruft, hat der Lustigmacher des Ersten Weltkriegs wenig gemeinsam. Vorausgeschickt sei an dieser Stelle ein wesentlicher Aspekt: beim Kriegskasper(l) der Jahre 1914 bis 1918 handelt es sich nicht um eine für ein Kinderpublikum konzipierte Figur. In weiterer Folge differieren beispielsweise die Inhalte, die Figurenkonzeption oder die Darstellungsmittel in erheblicher, ja mitunter frappierender Weise von dem, was der unbedarfte Rezipient von heute sich vermutlich von einem Kasper(l)theater erwarten würde. Zum Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Forschungen wurde der Spaßmacher des Ersten Weltkriegs allerdings äußerst selten erklärt: Sowohl die Literatur-, die Theater- und die Sprachwissenschaften als auch die historisch-volkskundlichen Disziplinen schenkten diesem Randphänomen des Literatur- und Kulturbetriebs bisher spärlich Beachtung. [...] Programm und zugleich Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist eine Annäherung an das Phänomen des Kasper(l)s der Weltkriegszeit auf mehreren Ebenen unter Rückgriff auf ein interdisziplinäres Instrumentarium, wobei der philologische Zugang zu den Primärtexten durch die zusätzliche Einbeziehung sozialhistorischer wie auch soziologischer Theorien und Methoden maßgeblich bereichert werden kann. Diese fächerübergreifende Herangehensweise wurde gewählt, da die Kasper(l)stücke der Weltkriegsjahre 1914 bis 1918 eine Fülle von Anspielungen auf politische Ereignisse und soziale Zustände in sich bergen wie auch auf ihre sehr spezifische Weise die Gesellschaft bzw. die nationale Gemeinschaft der damaligen Zeit samt ihren Charakteristika, Anforderungen und Problemen widerspiegeln.
A Dirty Game
(2011)
Mayor Foti is accused of killing his predecessor by a veteran journalist whom he desperately wants dead. He hires assassins to kill the journalist only for the assassins to kill his own son instead. As a consummate embezzler of public funds, Mayor Foti is determined to be filthy rich and above the law. He sends his other son to Germany to assist with siphoning abroad of stolen money. For how long will Mayor Foti have the last laugh? Heavy drinking and a cardiac arrest are waiting round the corner. Whom for? Here indeed is a dirty game!
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam is a multicultural province within a multicultural state. Hence, its political leaders not only face the need to integrate ethnic and cultural diversity into a regional framework, but also have to define Aceh’s role within the Indonesian nation. During its violent past which was characterized by exploitation and military oppression, there were good reasons to emphasize sameness over diversity and to build up the consciousness of a unified Acehnese identity. From both an emic and an etic perspective, it is today widely accepted that there is such a thing as a homogeneous Acehnese culture which is rooted in a glorious, though troublesome, history of repression and rebellion and shaped by a strong Islamic piety. Even if it is true that Acehnese history has created a strong regional identity, it must not be forgotten that people living in this area belong to various ethnic and cultural groups and that they represent a rich variety of different cultures rather than simply a single homogeneous culture. As a matter of fact, the practises and discourses of Islam here also vary depending on the cultural background of the people. As elsewhere in Indonesia and beyond, world religions have to adapt to local customs, have to be appropriated by the local people, and have to be indigenized. This is the reason why adat still continues to play a role in every local context, even if it has been treated with suspicion in many parts of Indonesia since the Dutch colonial administration began using it as a counterforce against Islam in order to implement their divide-and-rule strategy. With this article, I wish to shed some light on the complexities of Acehnese culture, as it encompasses numerous very distinct local cultures and this reflects on the general significance of culture for the construction and reconstruction of post-tsunami Aceh.
This is a vivid, thought-provoking and fascinating text on some contentious issues in contemporary medical ethics. The book acknowledges the contribution of 'African tradition' and Western scholarship to the development of medical ethics as a university discipline. It questions the lack of consensus around such biomedical issues as euthanasia and traditional medicine. In many countries, the failure has resulted in public outcries. Its thrust centres on the nexus of practice and theory, and the importance of pragmatism and critical questioning in dealing with different cases on and around biomedicine. Its virtue is its significant shift from the traditional positions on selected biomedical issues to a more rigorous, pragmatic and critical questioning and understanding of the reasoning and positions of all involved and/or affected parties.
The debate on the existence of African philosophy has taken central stage in academic circles, and academics and researchers have tussled with various aspects of this subject. This book notes that the debate on the existence of African philosophy is no longer necessary. Instead, it urges scholars to demonstrate the different philosophical genres embedded in African philosophy. As such, the book explores African metaphysical epistemology with the hope to redirect the debate on African philosophy. It articulates and systematizes metaphysical and epistemological issues in general and in particular on Africa. The book aptly shows how these issues intersect with the philosophy of life, traditional beliefs, knowledge systems and practices of ordinary Africans and the challenges they raise for scholarship in and on philosophy with relevance to Africa.
How do we understand and create kowledge? Does scientific knowledge cover all knowledge? Afrikology tries to answer these questions by tracing the issue of epistemology to the Cradle of Humanity in Africa and through such a reflection the Monograph establishes a basis for holistic and integrated ways of knowledge production that makes it possible to interface scientific knowledge with other forms of knowledge. In this way Afrikology responds to the crisis created by the fragmentation of knowledge through existing academic disciplines. Afrikology therefore advances transdisciplinarity and hermeneutics to a level where they attain a coherent basis for interacting with Afrikology as an epistemology which returns wholeness to understanding and knowledge production.
Arbitration Law and Practice in Kenya is a practical reference text for one of the fastest growing areas of legal practice in Kenya today. The text covers the arbitration process from the arbitration agreement to commencement of proceedings and to the delivery of the Award in the Kenyan context. All topics are covered against the provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1995, the Civil Procedure Act, the UNICTRAL Model Law, relevant international conventions and relevant case law, local, regional and international. The book will prove useful for students, practitioners and arbitrators.
Archie Mafeje was an independent Pan-Africanist and cosmopolitan individual who sought to understand the world at a global level in order to locate Africa within that tapestry. In many ways, Archie Mafeje was one of the African intellectual pathfi nders. He contributed immensely to the African people's search for self-understanding, self-determination and political emancipation as they struggled against alienation and misrepresentation. In recognising the academic and intellectual contribution of Archie Mafeje, this monograph also refl ects on the African people's journey for emancipation in the search for African identity, self-control and self-understanding.
An increasing number of poor Southern Africans live in poverty-stricken urban slums or shantytowns. Focusing on four shantytowns in the northern Namibian town of Oshakati, this book analyses the coping strategies of the poorest sections of such populations. The study is based on fieldwork conducted intermittently during a period of ten years. It combines theories of political, economic and cultural structuration, and of the material and cultural basis for social relations of inclusion and exclusion as practise. The poorest shanty dwellers are marginalised or excluded from vital urban and rural relationships and forced into social relations of poverty amongst themselves. Having experienced long-term processes of impoverishment, the very poorest and most destitute in the shantytowns tend to give up improving their lives and act in ways that further undermine their position.
Je nach Wirtschaftszweig und Betriebsgröße reagierten die Betriebe mit unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von Arbeitszeitinstrumenten, um ihre betriebliche Beschäftigungssituation an die konjunkturellen Veränderungen anzupassen. Betriebe des Verarbeitendes Gewerbes verringerten mit dem beginnenden Aufschwung ihre durchschnittliche Wochenarbeitszeit überdurchschnittlich. Der Anteil der Betriebe mit Kurzarbeit blieb mit Beginn des Aufschwungs unverändert.
Das Baugewerbe zeichnete sich dadurch aus, dass es den höchsten Anteil an Betrieben mit Überstunden im Jahr 2009 aufwies, was angesichts der konjunkturellen Förderprogramme nicht erstaunt. Darüber hinaus war in 85 Prozent der Betriebe die bedarfsabhängige Einbeziehung des Samstags als weiteres Flexibilisierungsinstrument üblich. Betriebe mit Vertrauensarbeitszeit verdreifachten sich fast innerhalb von zwei Jahren. Der Anteil der Betriebe mit Kurzarbeit verringerte sich bis Mitte 2010 im Baugewerbe am stärksten. Der Wirtschaftszweig Handel/ Reparatur stand 2009 bezüglich der geleisteten Überstunden an letzter Stelle. Der Anteil der Betriebe, der Arbeitszeitkonten einsetzte, verringerte sich in diesem Sektor zwischen 2009 und 2010 um 50Prozent. Weiterhin zeichnete sich diese Branche dadurch aus, dass in 68 Prozent der Betriebe ständig oder regelmäßig samstags gearbeitet wurde. Der Dienstleistungssektor zeichnete sich durch einen unterdurchschnittlich hohen Anteil an Betrieben mit Überstunden während der Krise aus. Die konjunkturelle Erholung führte dazu, dass der Dienstleistungssektor als einziger Wirtschaftszweig einen Anstieg der durchschnittlichen Wochenarbeitszeit verzeichnete. Gleichzeitig hatte die Vertrauensarbeitszeit in dieser Branche eine hohe Bedeutung. Der Anteil der Kleinst- und Kleinbetriebe, in denen Überstunden geleistet wurden, verringerte sich nur geringfügig während der Krise. In keiner anderen Betriebsgrößenklasse lag der Anteil der Beschäftigten, der Überstunden ausbezahlt bekam, so hoch wie in den Kleinstbetrieben. Die kleinen Betriebe (10 bis 49 Beschäftigte) verzeichneten den stärksten Rückgang bezüglich des Einsatzes von Arbeitszeitkonten im Jahr 2010. Bei den Kleinst- und Kleinbetrieben fand mit der wirtschaftlichen Erholung auch eine Erhöhung der durchschnittlichen Wochenarbeitszeit statt. Der Anteil der mittleren und großen Betriebe, in denen Überstunden geleistet wurden, verringerte sich überdurchschnittlich im Jahr 2009. Nach dem Ende der Krise reduzierten die mittleren und großen Betriebe, im Gegensatz zu den Kleinst- und Kleinbetrieben, ihre durchschnittliche Wochenarbeitszeit. Die Großbetriebe nutzten das breite Spektrum der Arbeitszeitsteuerungen, das von ständiger Samstagsarbeit bis zu Vertrauensarbeitszeit und Arbeitszeitkorridoren reicht. Der Anteil der Großbetriebe, der Kurzarbeit einsetzte, halbierte sich nahezu zwischen 2009 und 2010
Beyond the Enclave sets out to unravel the contradiction of a country, Zimbabwe, where a rich, diverse resource base co-exists with endemic poverty. One reason lies in the colonial economy, which was predicated on an ideology of white supremacy, creating an enclave formal economy employing one-fifth of the labour force. Yet over three decades after independence, the non-formal segment has become even more entrenched. This book assesses Zimbabwe?s economy through three main phases: 1980-90 when a strong social policy framework proved difficult to sustain due to erratic growth, and 1991-96, when ?structural adjustment? demanded a market-driven approach to development. The third phase is characterized by crisis-management leading to policy inconsistencies and reversals. Not surprisingly, such incoherence saw the economy descend into hyperinflation and paralysis in 2007-2008, leading to the signing of the Global Political Agreement in September 2008. In the absence of formal dollarization, economic recovery after the adoption of the multi-currency regime has remained fragile, leaving an estimated 70 per cent of the population outside the banking system. This has further entrenched uneven (enclave) growth as the economy remains locked in a low-income poverty trap. There is a need to facilitate transition towards formality to promote decent jobs. Furthermore, a strategic, developmental role for the state in the economy is now widely recognized as vital for development. Beyond the Enclave argues for a new approach to development in Zimbabwe based on pro-poor and inclusive strategies, which will contribute to the well-being of all of its citizens and wise stewardship of its resources. It offers suggestions on policy formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation in all sectors, designed to promote inclusive growth and humane development.
Bi Tirga
(2011)
Leonard Bi Tirga, son of a poor peasant, is a studious pupil. Due to shortage of finances, he has to leave school to make ends meet and pursue his studies. Leonard becomes a sweatshop labourer. As a young labourer, his life like that of his peers is hard. The pay rate is low and the work is hard. With his friends, they engage in trade union activism. A series of complicated and trying events reinforces their conviction to militate. Thus, Leonard and his friend Camille become Union leaders. Leonard's character trait and uprightness explains the book title, Bi Tirga. In the Moore language, this means a well educated, honest, hardworking, courageous and well-behaved youth.
Blessing
(2011)
Fatti Ashi died. Startling her family and community, she comes back to life just a few hours after dying. Blessing chronicles the life of this Fatti Ashi, a young village girl who from the moment she rejoins the land of the living is faced with both obstacles and opportunities consistent with an attempted mergence of two worlds. From a child who is molded with her father's advice to merge ancestral skull worship and Christianity to an underprivileged teenager who falls in love with the alphabet and finally becoming a woman who desires emotional and financial independence, Fatti Ashi's life yields misunderstandings and isolation. As a child in the village, her life is a battleground for family rivalry and religious conflict. As a teenage wife in the city, she befriends a sex worker who encourages her to bring meaning into her life rather than simply living to the dictates of others. She takes up the challenge by embarking on adult education and becoming a breadwinner but is taken aback when her husband requests a divorce. In a search for solutions to save her marriage, she entertains traditional religion, Catholicism and Pentecostalism. Disappointment and desperation lead her to take a deeper look at the situation. Is she to stay married simply for convenience? Is she to continue following religious paths laid out by others, clearly not as beneficial to her? Is she to please society to her detriment? The long journey of self-discovery takes her through scandal and humiliation but in the end, she emerges as a confident, admired and happy woman.
Broken Promises
(2011)
Ntombi's mom is out all the time with a new man, Zakes, leaving Ntombi to lookafter her little sister Zinzi. So Ntombi is missing practices for SA's 'Teen Voice' competition and the auditions are getting closer. Besides, Ntombi's keen to have her own fun, especially once she gets the attention of Mzi, one of Harmony High's hottest boys. But, what secrets are Zakes and Mzi hiding? How many promises will be broken before Ntombi finds out the truth?
The Cameroon Political Story is a long journey through the eyes and actions of the author himself. It is a mix between Mbile's memoirs, a bit of his biography and the Cameroon political story, heavily weighted in favour of that part of the Republic formerly identified as Southern Cameroons, later West Cameroon, now South West and North West Regions. The story is told in the interest of the Cameroonian youth and scholar who have often complained of the inadequate recording by political leaders of the life and deeds of their times. It is the story of an African boy of humble village beginnings who rose to participate in the making of a modern political community. It is hoped the book provides useful knowledge on the history, growth and constitutional evolution of Cameroon, a country which after more than a century of administrative metamorphosis settled to its present statehood in 1961, a Cameroon reborn.
Tanzania has been independent in 2011 for 50 years. While most neighbouring states have gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms without armed political conflicts, Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for Peace and Development research. This dissertation analyses the political development in Tanzania since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1992, with a focus on the challenges for the democratisation process in connection with the 2000 and 2005 elections. The question of to what extent Tanzania had moved towards a consolidation of democracy, is analysed by looking at nine different institutions of importance for democratisation grouped in four spheres: the state, the political, civil and economic society. Focus is on the development of the political society, and the role of the opposition in particular. The analysis is based on secondary and primary material collected between September 2000 to April 2010. The main conclusion is that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed, in practice single-party rule has continued, manifested in the 2005 election when the CCM won 92% of seats. Despite impressive economic growth, poverty remains deep and has not been substantially reduced. On a theoretical level this brings the old debate between liberal and substantive democracy back to the fore. Neither the economic nor the political reforms have brought about a transformation of the political and economic system resulting in the poor majority gaining substantially more political influence and improved economic conditions. Hence, it is argued that the interface between the economic, political and administrative reforms has not been sufficiently considered in the liberal democratic tradition. Liberal democracy is necessary for a democratic development, but not sufficient for democracy to be consolidated. For that a substantive democratic development is necessary.
This book emphasises that planning is essential, as the conservation approaches of the past may not work in an ever-changing warmer environment. It appraises current management strategies, assesses the biological and physical effects of climate change on natural systems in Cameroon and designs a planning and management framework for each natural system within the context of global warming. Climate change poses a complex bewildering array of problems for ecosystems. The key question is, what can be done ? in addition to efforts to reduce CO2 emissions ? to increase the resistance and resilience of these natural systems to climate change? This book seeks to answer the above question by drawing from the vast array of scientific data available on the subject, and which may not be readily available to policy makers, resource planners, resource managers, environmentalists, students of geography, conservation biology and agronomy. It constitutes an important manual for those ready to confront the impacts of climate change. It is also a valuable document for teachers of the functioning and management of natural systems globally.
This thesis examines three made-for-television ‘Event Movies’ from the German production company teamWorx, made between 2006 and 2007 – Dresden (2006), Nicht alle waren Mörder (2006) and Die Flucht (2007) – within the context of contemporary debates of ‘Vergangenheitsbewältigung’ or ‘coming to terms with the past’ in Germany. It will deal with specific debates in memory of the National Socialist past, namely representations of Germans as victims of the Second World War and memory of the Holocaust. Although in recent years the importance of teamWorx’s television films has begun to be acknowledged by scholars in both Germany and the UK, this thesis represents the first attempt to analyse these three Event Movies as a unit and to explore in-depth the teamWorx company and its attitudes to historical film. As such, two interviews will be relied on throughout this thesis, with chairman of the board Nico Hofmann and Die Flucht’s director Kai Wessel. In order to place the films within the context of contemporary debates on memory of the Nazi past in Germany, the thesis will undertake a filmic analysis of the Event Movies, supported by both the intentions of the filmmakers and critical responses in the contemporary press. Of primary importance for the thesis will be the twin concerns of the authenticity of teamWorx’s productions, as claimed by the filmmakers and the Event Movies’ borrowing of filmmaking devices from Hollywood genres, in particular the melodrama. Following this analysis it will be asked to what extent the Event Movies affect and reflect contemporary debates on the legacy of National Socialism and how these films contribute to the normalisation of the Nazi past in Germany.
Conduit
(2011)
'These are poems of drowning and coming up again. Of surviving with lungs that breathe water and sunlight. These are poems of longing and loss. Of searching for a foothold in a world where all slides and changes. Sarah Frost is a new voice in South African poetry. A clear and strong and exciting voice. Read her.'- Kobus Moolman Sarah Frost is 37 years old and a single mother to a six year old boy. She works as an editor for Juta Legalbrief in Durban, South Africa. Sarah has been writing poetry for the past fourteen years. She has completed an MA in English Literature, and also a module on Creative Writing.
Caprivi, the remote and narrow Namibian strip of land encapsulated by neighbouring Angola, Zambia and Botswana, has a contested colonial and postcolonial history. Bennett Kangumu traces the politics of its people in this complex borderlands since the late 19th century. Neglected by German and South African colonial administrations, its inhabitants were often pushed towards neighbouring territories though not being an integral part of them. At the same time, South African apartheid and homeland politics emphasised the ethnization of local identities. Becoming a strategic location in the ensuing liberation wars of the late 20th century, its history is often one of conquest and resistance, plunder, betrayal and rivalry. Kangumu shows how the inhabitants of Caprivi responded in various ways, notably in the form of regional nationalism when the Caprivi African National Union (CANU) was formed in the early 1960s. The Union?s merger with the dominant Namibian liberation movement, SWAPO, was a claim to end seperation and isolation, which, however, flarred up again in post-colonial Namibia.
The Nile River is the longest river in the world covering nearly 7,000 kilometres. It traverses ten countries in Africa, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, with South Sudan as the eleventh riparian state once it acquires its sovereignty. Of the more than 300 million inhabitants in the ten riparian states, the Nile River Basin is home to nearly 160 million people. The interlocking controversies surrounding the utilisation of the waters of the Nile River and the resources therein have centered on the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian and the 1959 Egypto-Sudanese treaties, which have largely ignored the interests of the upstream states. Through the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) established in 1999, the riparian states concluded, in 2010, the Agreement on the River Nile Basin Cooperative Framework (CFA) based on the principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation, the objective of which is to establish durable legal regime in the Nile River Basin. This book addresses the complexities inherent in the colonial and post-colonial treaties and agreements and their implications for the interests of the riparian states and the region in general. It is the first book of its kind that covers the ten riparian states in a single volume and deals comprehensively with politico-legal questions in the Nile River Basin as well as conventions on the international water courses and their relevance to the region.
The dramatic sociopolitical crisis which befell Côte d'Ivoire in September 2002 gave birth to an unprecedented political zeal. Immigration, the other, ethno-nationalism, nationalism, patriotism, civil war, youth at risk - such are the words that describe the Côte d'Ivoire' situation. Attempts to explain the 'crisis' in this country, known in recent past as 'relatively peaceful', mainly happen through media 'sensationalism'. This translates at the same time the almost complete control of the scoop media which renders the understanding of the situation only possible through such outlets. The ability of media professionals to coin words through which social history is reflected upon has the effect of complicating the task of social and human sciences while also appearing as stimulating at the same time. Understanding complex situations is now a crossroad of confusion between the simple and the simplified. The challenge for social and human sciences is, therefore, to resume its rightful place by presenting social and political realities in their complexity. Contributions in this book attempt to rid simple words of their excessive simplification to enable an understanding of social and political ills as well as the sense of history. This book is to be taken as a look from within. The challenge here is to take a step back and disconnect the real from the surprising which prevents a deep analysis of realities emanating from a historical process that is relatively long. At the heart of that process resides the paradoxical re-invention of the self through violence, though in the name of democracy. The 2010 post-electoral crisis and the intensity of the violence which characterized it are once again a demonstration of the relevance of the violence-democracy paradox and the on-going exercise of objectivity.
When taking into consideration the demographic and socio-economic trends in most European countries, the demand for domestic services will be increasing in the next decades. This development could be used for creating formal employment opportunities in private households for unskilled and low-skilled labour. However, it is not an easy task since it entails devising a strategy for reducing the high share of informal labour in as well as overcoming the current fragmentation of the domestic services sector. Both on the national and EU level there is a need for policy advice on how to best integrate the diverse but yet interrelated needs and interests of the households, the employees and the firms as providers of domestic services into one coherent strategy. So far, such a comprehensive strategy can be found only in France where the BorlooPlan systematically integrated measures and tools from all relevant fields of politics. Thus it led to a significant growth of the domestic services sector and a substantial increase of formal employment. This brochure presents the Generalised Model, a tool for devising a similarly comprehensive and coherent strategy. It was constructed by drawing on the successful French strategy of creating more formal employment relationships through the systematic development of the domestic services sector. The brochure demonstrates how other countries can learn from the French experience by analysing their current situation and using the Generalised Model to create a strategy fitting their specific circumstances. By studying the situations in Germany, Austria, Italy and Poland and considering how to create strategies fitting the different national settings in these countries it is shown how the Generalised Model can put into practice. These case studies were conducted in the EU Project “Labour Market Instruments for Reducing Illegal Employment in Private Households of the Elderly”, supported by DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. The brochure intends to initiate and stimulate discourses on fostering the creation of formal employment in EU Member States. Therefore, it addresses different stakeholders such as policymakers on the national, regional and EU level, representatives of local administrations, providers of domestic services, domestic workers, trade unions or welfare associations, labour administration, placement services as well as providers of education and training.
This is a pioneer, long overdue and truly original book that off ers a unique, comprehensive and thorough exposition of the criminal law of Cameroon by a leading scholar. This latest book by Professor Carlson Anyangwe adopts a thematic approach, each chapter covering a specific aspect of the criminal law. The text is a clear, simple and comprehensive exposition of all the offences codified in the Penal Code. It offers a rich, clear, learned and discerning analysis to understanding of the criminal law. The book is designed to instruct and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject, the treatment of which is unique, informative and makes for compelling reading. This is the first textbook ever on the subject in Cameroon and it is undoubtedly an indispensable tool of trade for judges, prosecutors, lawyers in private practice, academic lawyers, law students and law enforcement officers.
Creativity is astir: reborn, re-conjured, re-branded, resurgent. The old myths of creation and creators – the hallowed labors and privileged agencies of demiurges and prime movers, of Biblical worldmakers and self-fashioning artist-geniuses – are back underway, producing effects, circulating appeals. Much as the Catholic Church dresses the old creationism in the new gowns of 'intelligent design' , the Creative Industries sound the clarion call to the Cultural Entrepreneurs. In the hype of the ‘creative class’ and the high flights of the digital bohemians, the renaissance of ‘the creatives’ is visibly enacted. The essays collected in this book analyze this complex resurgence of creation myths and formulate a contemporary critique of creativity.
Crying in Hiccoughs
(2011)
Crying in Hiccoughs is a graphic presentation of the more realistic phase of Africa's politico-economic and historico-moral evolution in general, and Cameroon's, in particular. From the colonial to the post-independence era, the poet sees nothing worthy of praise-singing and handclapping. So, he resorts to crying in hiccoughs and invites the blind, deaf and dumb brainwashed praise-singers to join him in singing his little songs so as to expose and challenge the demagogy.
Testamente fungieren als Mittler zwischen Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Sie organisieren Memoria und Nachleben, beeinflussen Verwandtschaftsordnungen und bestimmen deren Reproduktion, sie verursachen oder lösen rechtliche, familiale, ökonomische Konflikte. Insofern zählt das Testament zu den wichtigsten kulturellen Formen des geregelten Übergangs von Leben zu Leben, durch den Tod getrennt.
Ulrike Vedders Studie analysiert das Testament im Spannungsfeld von Recht, Ökonomie und Kultur sowie im Zusammenhang mit Konzepten von Erbschaft, Vererbung und Nachleben. Sie entwickelt eine Poetologie des Testaments anhand der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts (von Jean Paul, Kleist, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Balzac, Heine, Droste-Hülshoff, Stifter, Melville, Keller, Storm, Fontane, Zola, James u.a.) und erforscht zudem das Testament als eine Form der Übertragung von Eigentum, Dingen, Rechten, Identität, Schuld, Leidenschaften. Als ein Medium für weitreichende - literarische und außerliterarische - Erbe- und Transferprozesse bildet das Testament eine zentrale Figur der kulturellen Tradierung sowie des Austausches zwischen verschiedenen Wissensfeldern, zwischen Literatur, alltäglicher Praxis und Wissenschaften.
Despite rapid urbanisation, Africa remains predominantly rural. This calls for decentralisation beyond the dominant concern by states and government with urban spaces. Rural areas, rural development and the future of rural settlements need to be understood and addressed in the context of the ongoing democratisation trends and the emergence and development of civil society. States have tended to tame rather than serve civil society in Africa. By establishing a single cultural reference and imposing a centralised state, African governments have exacerbated the fragmentation of civil society. However, political pluralism has slowly been gaining ground since the 1990s. This book explores the scope for implementing decentralisation programmes that focus on citizens in rural areas. For the purpose of decentralisation, civic participation in local politics and user participation in development programmes must be seen as two sides of the coin. The book focuses on spatial planning ? a process concerned with spatial organisation in an integrative manner, and incorporates the design, establishment and implementation of a desired spatial structural organisation of land. This is especially relevant in a context where the formulation of guidelines for spatial development at the overall level of a state is inadequate.
Dictionary of Criminology
(2011)
In professional disciplines, just as in academics, the definition of basic concepts is fundamental for adequate understanding of issues. A dictionary of criminology may be regarded as irrelevant for the simple reason that criminology cannot be said to constitute an academic or professional discipline in East Africa. But this dictionary is not limited to criminological or sociological concepts alone. Just like any academic discipline, it covers other areas of social studies such as law, economics and politics. The dictionary covers some areas that, to the average reader, are least related to law and crime; but to the specialist, even the least likely entry, like race, tribe and democracy is, in some remote way, linked to the incidence of crime, delinquency or deviance.
Nicht erst seit der Wahl in Berlin 2011 ist die Piratenpartei in aller Munde. Doch trotz des großen Medienechos ist bisher relativ wenig über das Innenleben der Partei bekannt. Daher wurden im Frühjahr 2011 alle damals rund 12.000 Parteimitglieder eingeladen, an einer umfangreichen Befragung teilzunehmen.
Rund ein Viertel der Piraten folgte dem Ruf und gab Antworten auf Fragen zu ihrem Engagement, ihrem Demokratieverständnis, zur programmatischen Entwicklung, zur innerparteilichen Demokratie, Kommunikation und Partizipation. In dieser Studie zum Selbstverständnis der Partei werden die Ergebnisse anschaulich dargestellt und zusammengefasst. Abgerundet wird das Bild durch eine ausführliche Beschreibung zur Entwicklung der deutschen Piratenpartei und ihres internationalen Umfelds.
Tobias Neumann ist Jahrgang 1981 und hat Soziologie, Politologie und Philosophie studiert. Der Wahl-Frankfurter ist seit 2009 Mitglied der Piratenpartei, in der er seine Leidenschaft für Politik auslebt.
Prison-reformation has been a controversial and politically charged issue in Kenya. In the past it has elicited such legendary and emotional responses as 'What reforms? Prisons are not supposed to be five star hotels!' Recently, however, there has been a greater consensus between the public sector and the civic society in Kenya - than has ever in the past - of the need to revisit the human rights of inmates in various Kenyan prisons. Since 2003 a number of ground breaking reforms have been introduced in Kenyan prisons and more reforms seem to be on the way. Jacqueline Korir in this book takes a serious and despassionate look into a single variable: the quality of catering in Kenyan prisons. Her findings were both shocking and challenging. The food was lacking in both nutritive value as well aesthetic appeal. The site of food samples was only reminiscent of a grotesque meaning of the famous Council in Church History - The Diet of Worms! This book, grounded, in empirical data analysis by hard statistics and backed by rare photographs from inside Kenyan prisons serves as an eye-opener to both the prison-reformists as well as students and teachers of African sociology and institutional catering all over the world.
Difficult Gifts
(2011)
Disability, Society and Theology: Voices from Africa is the result of a workshop which brought together African theologians, persons with disabilities and disability expertise in the Region to prepare resource materials to enrich the disability study process in the context of the Africa region. The book is in six parts and includes contributions from scholars across the continent. The parts are: Disability Theology: Issue to Debate; The Able Disabled and the Disabled Church: The Church's Response to Disability; Disability and Society; Disability Theology: Some Interfaces; Disability and Caregiving; and Disability in the African Experience.
Dust, Spittle and Wind
(2011)
Dust, Spittle and Wind is a story of youth, dreams of innocence and transcendence told within a postcolonial setting. It follows Olu Ray, the main character of the novel through a bitter-sweet journey of loss and self-realisation. The novel focuses on the final moment before actual emotional maturity when dreams either become flowers of brilliance or cold ashes. The novel describes the cold hand of fate as it swings between both extremes. Olu Ray eventually survives at the price of the abrupt loss of his innocence. The book teems with colourful characters and the blistering heat of the physical terrain appears to mirrors the lush sexuality on display. It explores the nature of taboo, the frustrations caused by it and the compulsions it provokes. In Sanya Osha's telling, society seems to be on the verge of irreparable breakdown but somehow manages to pull itself back from the abyss. The tension that runs through the novel is relentless but then, there is also much tenderness and subtlety that balances everything out. This is unquestionably a feat of powerful artistry. It deservedly won the Association of Nigerian Authors' Prize for prose in 1992.
In most African countries, banana production has been consigned to subsistence production. However, a few countries, especially in Francophone West Africa, have recognised the commercial importance of banana, and have used their special relationship with France to export bananas. This has led to the dualization of the banana sector, with the traditional system existing side by side with a modern sector geared towards export trade. This book is one of the few comprehensive studies that have incorporated both the agronomic and economic aspects of banana production and marketing in Africa. It looks at all facets of banana production, from an historical perspective to the various traditional and modern technologies involved. The marketing aspect covers both the domestic and international trade, with emphasis on the preferential (ACP / DOM Lome Convention) and the open markets of the European Union. The book is a major contribution to understanding the internationalisation of the banana trade and to its ever-increasing investment portfolio, as the backbone of many a developing tropical economy. Although the emphasis is placed on Cameroon, other relevant African, tropical and subtropical banana-producing countries are mentioned where necessary, especially in the export sector where a degree of competition existed. Further, agricultural practices, soils, meteorological and climatological characteristics, pests and diseases, personnel and banana varieties grown, mean that findings in Cameroon are of relevance to other banana-producing countries, especially in Africa. Meanwhile, other African and tropical countries still contemplating entry into banana exports would benefit from the Cameroon experience. The book is of especial relevance to agronomists, entomologists, economists, farm managers, government policy makers, large, medium and small scale banana growers, and students and teachers in universities and schools of agriculture.
ECOWAS and the Dynamics of Conflict and Peace-building testifies to the fact that we cannot talk of West African affairs, more so of conflict and peace-building, without talking about ECOWAS. For over two decades now, West Africa has remained one of Africa's most conflict-ridden regions. It has been a theatre of some of the most atrocious brutalities in the modern world. It has, nonetheless, witnessed one of the most ambitious internal efforts towards finding regional solutions to conflicts through ECOWAS. The lead role of ECOMOG - the ECOWAS peacekeeping force - in search of peaceful solutions to civil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau and Cote d'Ivoire has yielded a mix of successes and failures. In this book, the authors take a candid look at the role that ECOWAS has played and show how the sub-regional organisation has stabilised and created new conditions conducive to nation building in a number of cases. Conversely, the book shows that ECOWAS has aggravated, if not created, new tensions in yet other cases. The comparative advantage that ECOWAS has derived from these experiences is reflected in the various mechanisms, protocols and conventions that are now in place to ensure a more comprehensive conflict prevention framework. This book provides a nuanced analysis of the above issues and other dynamics of conflicts in the region. It also interrogates the roles played by ECOWAS and various other actors in the context of the complex interplay between natural resource governance, corruption, demography and the youth bulge, gender and the conflicting interests of national, regional and international players.
Die Reisetagebücher des Geographen Eduard Pechuël-Loesche von der afrikanischen Loango-Küste, die in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek in München als Teil seines Nachlasses aufbewahrt werden, decken leider nicht die gesamte Zeitspanne seines Forschungsaufenthaltes ab, weil die mitgebrachten Hefte bei seiner Ankunft (19.8.1874) bereits vollgeschrieben waren und der Nachschub erst Monate später eintraf. Die fortlaufenden Einträge beginnen daher erst mit den Nachträgen für die Zeit ab 24.2.1875 und reichen bis zum Ende seines Aufenthaltes am 5.5.1876. Die Edition konzentriert sich daher auf diesen Zeitabschnitt und begnügt sich für die Hinreise mit einer Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Stationen.
Bei den Eintragungen handelt es sich meist um Notizen, die nur stichwortartig in oft unvollständigen Sätzen festgehalten worden waren. Die allgemeine Forschungssituation steht im Vordergrund; demgegenüber treten ethnographische Mitteilungen zurück. Die eigentlichen ethnographischen und sprachlichen Aufzeichnungen wurden offensichtlich in einem „Hauptbuch“, das in einem der Tagebücher erwähnt wird, sowie auf separaten Exzerpt-Zetteln eingetragen, die nicht mehr erhalten sind. Dennoch bilden diese unmittelbaren Tagebuchaufzeichnungen eine wesentliche Ergänzung zu den späteren Veröffentlichungen, besonders in Hinblick auf die Stimmungen und emotionalen Belastungen, denen diese Forschungsexpedition in hohem Maße unterworfen war.
Diese bisher vor allem im Ruf des Scheiterns stehende Expedition ist deshalb so interessant, weil sie eine der ersten interdisziplinären Feldforschungsversuche in Afrika gewesen ist. Ihre Ergebnisse überragen diejenigen der übrigen deutschen Afrika-Unternehmen dieser Zeit bei weitem. Sie hatte allerdings mit zahlreichen widrigen Umständen zu kämpfen, die es ihr verwehrten, ihre eigentliche Aufgabe, den Vorstoß ins Landesinnere (möglichst bis zu einer Erreichung der Ostküste) zu verwirklichen.
Je länger man sich mit diesen Tagebuchnotizen beschäftigt und mit den richtigen Fragen an sie herangeht, desto mehr erschließt sich ihr reichhaltiger Inhalt. Sie sind deshalb erst auf den dritten Blick tatsächlich eine wichtige und sehr vielseitige Quelle, die sich nicht ohne Vorwissen und nur in bestimmten Kontexten erschließt. Wegen ihres disparaten Charakters und ihrer Stakkato-artigen Darstellungsform eignen sich die Tagebücher zwar nicht als spannende Unterhaltungslektüre (und deshalb auch nicht als „normale“ Buchveröffentlichung), doch kann man ihr zu sehr unterschiedlichen Themen nützliche und vielseitige Informationen und Einblicke entlocken.
Da Eduard Pechuël-Loesche in seinen Tagebüchern immer wieder die Anfertigung bestimmter Aquarelle erwähnt, war es ein Glücksfall, dass diese Aquarelle aufgespürt werden und 31 davon in dieser Edition veröffentlicht werden konnten.
Der Edition wurde ein biographischer Abriss über Eduard Pechuël-Loesches Biographie und das Kapitel der Herausgeberin „Feldforschungsstreß an der Loango-Küste: Ein Blick in die Tagebücher von Eduard Pechuël-Loesche (1873–1876)“ aus dem Buch von Sylvia M. Schomburg-Scherff und Beatrix Heintze (Hg.), Die offenen Grenzen der Ethnologie. Schlaglichter auf ein sich wandelndes Fach, Frankfurt am Main: Lembeck 2000, vorangestellt.
This report is an in-depth study of electoral commissions in six countries of West Africa - Benin, Cape Verde, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone - assessing their contribution in strengthening political participation in the region. As institutions that apply the rules governing elections, electoral management bodies (EMBs) have occupied, over the last two decades, the heart of discussion and practice on the critical question of effective citizen participation in the public affairs of their countries. The way in which they are established and the effectiveness of their operations have continued to preoccupy those who advocate for competitive elections, while reforms to the EMBs have taken centre stage in more general political reforms. Election Management Bodies in West Africa thus responds to the evident need for more knowledge about an institution that occupies a more and more important place in the political process in West Africa. Based on documentary research and detailed interviews in each country, the study provides a comparative analysis which highlights the similarities and differences in the structure and operations of each body, and attempts to establish the reasons for their comparative successes and failures.
Through her Letters written to Friends, to her opponents: priests, magistrates, politicians, including the king, Elizabeth Hooton leaves a captivating testimony of her fights for and of her activism in quest of the Truth, Freedom, Justice and equity for all as well as peace on earth and within the Quaker movement. Hers was a fight and quest far from any guided by egoism pure and simple or by personal interest. She was driven by her interest in the common good of all and everywhere. In History of civilizations we have actors who fade away unnoticed or at times are just ignored whereas their contributions to the said civilizations as small as they might be have contributed tremendously in shaping without doubt the same civilizations. Elizabeth Hooton falls within this category of people whose contribution to contemporary English civilization and above all to the feminist movement can be read between the lines of the fragments of these letters; she wrote to her Friends and to the political leaders of England during an era of great changes which radically transformed the English society i.e. 17th Century England. She expresses herself in very caustic terms as a way of affirming the rights to equality of the oppressed woman and other marginals of the society of her time. She anchors her fight on the axis of a universal and Universalist quest for equality, a Quaker ideal.
I would like to start off my cultural-historical intervention with a trouvaille from the 'Denktagebuch', a sort of intellectual notebook, of Hannah Arendt, the famous German-Jewish philosopher (1906–1975). Arendt's publications include a most profound book on the 'Human Condition' (1958, in German 'Vita activa', 1960) in which she develops the idea of 'acting / Handlung' as the crucial realm of intersubjectivity and humanity. This realm is based in the space between human beings, a literal 'inter-est' of togetherness. It is only in this space, only in the relationship to others, that the full sense of the Self, including the involuntary expressions of the person, manifests itself. It is the same realm in which the moral, social and political life is created. In the notebook of the 44-year-old Arendt one comes across the following entry: "In nichts offenbart sich die eigentümliche Vieldeutigkeit der Sprache [...] deutlicher als in der Metapher. So habe ich zum Beispiel ein Leben lang die Metapher 'es öffnet sich mir das Herz' benutzt, ohne je die dazu gehörende physische Sensation erfahren zu haben. Erst seit ich die physische Sensation kenne, weiss ich, wie oft ich gelogen habe [...]. Wie aber hätte ich je die Wahrheit der physischen Sensation erfahren, wenn die Sprache mit ihrer Metapher mir nicht bereits eine Ahnung von der Bedeutsamkeit des Vorgangs gegeben hätte?" (Notebook II, 22 December 1950, Arendt 2002, 46) The entry discusses the mutual transferral between mind and body by reflecting the role of language as a mediator for minding the body and the embodiment of the mind. Since the phrase of the 'open heart' belongs to a register of long-established metaphors, these reflections concern the comprehension of body-metaphors and their role for a 'shared meaningful space of experiences' (Gallese 2009a, 527), i.e. language as transmitter of experiences and memory in cultural history.