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The question of home is a complicated one. While home is emplaced, the notion of home does not simply point to just a location. This chapter thus utilizes what I call the trope of the 'vignette' to look at the concept of home in order to identify some aspects of what constitutes and/or (re)creates it for displaced individuals. It does so by performing a close reading of key moments in the film "Salt of this Sea" by Annemarie Jacir and the collection of essays "The Idea of Home" by John Hughes.
The chapter explores the dimension of the living present as a form of temporal reduction, looking at its manifestation in literary texts. Bazzoni proposes here a focus on the living present as different from a still, eternal moment, and contrasts the experience of the living present with the reduction at play in trauma. Finally, the author discusses the affective, ethical, and political dimensions of the temporality of the living present as a site of subjectivation, which effects a counter-reduction of normative discourses.
In the age of pervasive computing the way our body interacts with reality needs to be reconceptualized. The reduction of embodiment is a problem for computer music since this music relies heavily on different layers of (digital) technology and mediation in order to be produced and performed. The article shows that such a mediation should not be conceived of as an obstacle but rather as a constitutive element of a permanent, complex negotiation between the artist, the machinery, and the audience, aimed at shaping a different temporality for musical language (as the Italian artist Caterina Barbieri develops).
Nothing beyond the name : towards an eclipse of listening in the psychotherapeutic enterprise
(2022)
What are the different kinds of reduction that take place in a psychotherapeutic discipline? This article looks at the agonistic relations between the two types of reduction that fundamentally constitute a psychotherapeutic paradigm: naming and listening. At any given moment in the history of psychological theory, various schools and theories are in contention with each other over an institutional and state legitimation that will only be granted to one or some of them. It is argued that these disciplinary contentions for a dominant status subordinate the names and concepts that populate a particular psychotherapeutic paradigm to a property regime, thereby obscuring or compromising the attention paid to forms of listening that occur on the edge of naming and meaning.
Feminist, queer, and trans studies are all influenced significantly by anti-identitarian thought. Yet, contemporary gender and sexual identities only seem to be proliferating: nonbinary, graysexual, demigender, and more. This chapter focuses on a series of reference guides that schematize this recent expansion. Often miming reductive reference forms (the dictionary, the A-Z list), these texts and the questions they raise help to rethink the place of 'identity' across gender and sexuality studies.
Through various cases and instances, this essay opens with the question of biography and the demands of its form: that is, biography's attempt to reduce historical totalities to the page in moments of sudden condensation. It then introduces the figure of Charlotte Wolff (1897–1986), a doctor and later hand reader and sexologist, who appears on a diagram, constructed by Walter Benjamin in 1932, to map his life through his 'Urbekanntschaften' (primal acquaintances). It then seeks to transpose Benjamin's diagram into other linear forms, such as a family tree, a diagram of chemical affinity, and an astral chart, to add one: the diagram as a map of the hand. This opens up a number of temporal, historical, and epistemic reductions, or cases of reduction, in Wolff's work and beyond. It concludes with a particular moment in Wolff's biography - her arrest in 1933 and her escape to Paris - as a final instance of the line, as border.
Given the prospect of post-oil futures, this chapter historically situates contemporary Gulf Futurism within cybernetic and logistical aspirations underlying the current global trend of the smartness mandate. Working through the complex visuality that the cybernetic black box animates, the chapter revisits Fredric Jameson's cognitive mapping as an allegorical model for the inherent frictions of computational capital. To this end, it discusses Kuwaiti artist Monira Al Qadiri's artistic practice that reclaims a right to speculate while condensing material reality and imaginative threads, thereby going beyond a mere gesture of unveiling or mapping.
Structural anthropology remains a hidden influence in Frantz Fanon's theory of the 'sociogenesis' of mental illness. This chapter outlines how Fanon's belief in the therapeutic capacity of 'socialization' critically absorbs Claude Lévi-Strauss's examination of the link between 'madness' and the symbolic structure of society. These innovations, Chamberlin argues, pushed Fanon to institute 'semihospitalization' as a radically dialectical method of treatment in his final role as a clinician at the Neuropsychiatric Day Centre in Tunis (1958–60).
This chapter identifies two contrasting methodological reductions utilized in philosophical scepticism: withdrawal/doubt [R–]; immersion/attention [R+]. Moving toward a feminist ethics grounded in phenomenological scepticism, Aumiller explores how reduction relates to experiences of personal and global uncertainty such as a pandemic. Reduction involves our entire embodied being, challenging how we are fundamentally in touch with the world. How we respond to being disrupted makes all the difference.
Critical discourse hardly knows a more devastating charge against theories, technologies, or structures than that of being reductive. Yet, expansion and growth cannot fare any better today. This volume suspends anti-reductionist reflexes to focus on the experiences and practices of different kinds of reduction, their generative potentials, ethics, and politics. Can their violences be contained and their benefits transported to other contexts?
Die vielfache Überlagerung epochaler Bewußtseinsschichten, die Rettung erotischer Sprachgewalt bei gleichzeitiger Präsentation christlicher Sublimation der Erotik, die Spannung zwischen Sensualismus und Spiritualismus disponieren das Volkslied zur Herausforderung neuer ästhetischer Lösungen; Heines Tannhäuser sucht sie im Widerspiel von Deutschland und Frankreich und im Zusammenspiel von alter und neuer Poesie.
Andenken
(2009)
Der Garten : zur Einführung
(2000)
Arabeske
(2000)
Sucht man wissenschaftsgeschichtlich den Ort oder die Schaltstelle an dem sich das passive Blicken von dem Handeln auslösenden Blicken zu trennen beginnt, so findet sich ein Punkt, wo geisteswissenschaftliche Sehtheorie ihren bis dato höchst produktiven Copartner, die militärwissenschaftliche Sehtheorie, zu vergessen beginnt. Die Entdeckung der Landschaft ist bis in die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts von Zeichnern bzw. Malern und vom Militär vorangetrieben worden. Oft genug geschah dies in gegenseitiger Bezugnahme. [...]
Die Geschichte des ästhetisch Wunderbaren läßt sich in drei Schritten oder Phasen nachzeichnen: vom Wunder zum Wunderbaren und vom Wunderbaren zum Phantastischen. Das Phantastische ist die höchste Emanzipationsstufe, wo das freie Spiel der Einbildungskraft in seiner autonomen, auf sich selbst gestellten Gesetzlichkeit das Reale, Vertraute unserer gewöhnlichen Welt in Frage stellt. Diese Entwicklung vom Wunder zum Wunderbaren und vom Wunderbaren zum Phantastischen wird von Jacob Grimm jäh unterbrochen. [...] Jacob Grimm leitet eine Denkbewegung ein, die ich die Rettung des Wunderbaren aus der Zerstörung durch das Phantastische nennen möchte. Dieser Rettungsversuch kann und will nicht mehr zur Rehabilitierung des theologischen Wunders zurückführen. Statt dessen zielt er auf das "Unvordenkliche" der eigenen Herkunft, das auf den Glauben an das eigene Volk gründet.
Die meisten Maler und Zeichner der Romantik haben von den in dem erzählten Märchen wachgerufenen Innenbildern berichtet und von ihnen bei ihrer Arbeit profitiert. [...] Bekanntlich rehabilitieren die romantischen Künstler nicht nur die erzählenden volkstümlichen Gattungen, die Legende, das Märchen, die Anekdote und das Volksbuch, sondern auch die volkstümlichen Formen der bildenden Kunst: die Scherenschnitte, die Silhouetten,
die Schattenrisse etc. [...]
Busfahrt mit Rilke
(2016)
Gedicht über Rainer Maria Rilke von Luca Buonaguidi
Anfang Juli 1797 hat Schiller das von ihm für den nächsten Almanach zur Publikation vorgesehene Gedicht "Nadowessische Totenklage" an drei Freunde zur Beurteilung geschickt, an Wilhelm von Humboldt, [...] an Körner in Dresden und an Goethe in Weimar. [...] Als Grund für diese Art von Netzwerkbildung lässt sich ein Orientierungsnotstand bezeichnen. Da Schiller unentwegt poetisches Neuland betreten wollte, war er neben theoretischer Reflexion auf die bestätigend-kritische Absicherung durch das Urteil seiner Freunde angewiesen. Schiller überraschte seine Freunde immer wieder mit neuartigen poetischen Versuchen. Auch dieses Mal im Fall der "Nadowessischen Totenklage" hat Goethe sofort erkannt und anerkannt, dass hiermit der "Kreis der poetischen Gegenstände" erweitert worden sei.
Fast die gesamte außerdeutsche Germanistik hat sich schwer getan mit der binnengermanistischen Differenzierung: 'Klassik und Romantik'. [...] An zwei ästhetischen Figurationen lässt sich exemplarisch und skizzenhaftzeigen, wie aus einem Nebenkriegsschauplatz im Klassizismus, der Arabeske, ein Hauptaktionsfeld der Romantik wird und wie aus einem zentralen ästhetischen Konzept des Klassizismus, dem fruchtbaren Augenblick, Nebeneffekte in der Romantik werden.
Jacob Grimm war als Mythenforscher ein Experte für die Entzifferung von Verhüllungen und Dissimulationen. [...] Die bedrängte heidnisch germanische Kultur entwickele verdeckende Darstellungsweisen. Die ersten Märchen der Brüder Grimm sind mitten in den Napoleonischen Kriegen aufgeschrieben. Die Schilderungen der Überlebenstaktiken der heidnischen Kultur im dominierenden Umfeld des triumphierenden Christentums erinnern an Partisanentaktiken der Befreiungskriege. [...] Es wird in den folgenden vier Abschnitten darum gehen die Skala der von den beiden Grimms angewandten thematologischen und methodischen Simulations- und Dissimulationstechniken zu benennen mit dem Ziel den Glücksfall einer wissenschaftlichen Fehldeutung für die Poesie zu extrapolieren.
Die Polemik lebt aus der Spannung extremer Gegensätze: von Affekt und Besonnenheit, von Argument und Bluff, von Logik und Paralogismen, von Dokument und Metapher, von akribischer Kriminalistik und wilder Spekulation, von rigorosem ethischem Prinzip und brutalem Vernichtungswillen, von kalkulierter Wirkungsstrategie und dem Spiel mit dem Zufall. Diese Spannungen sind in der Polemik so organisiert, daß sie die Sprache bis an die Grenze ihrer Verbalität, ja über sie hinaus zu treiben versuchen. Das Wort soll, was es nicht kann, nicht mittelbar, sondern unmittelbar Tat werden. Diese polemische Grenzüberschreitungssucht ihres Mediums der rational argumentierenden Sprache macht die Brisanz, das Interesse, aber auch die fortdauernde Distanzierung von der Polemik, zumal in der Aufklärung, verständlich. Im folgenden sollen einige Stationen der Verdächtigung und Legitimierung der Gattung Polemik von der Aufklärung bis zum Vormärz nachgezeichnet werden, wobei - unumgänglich - das Verhältnis der Polemik zur entstehenden Kritik in Aufklärung und Romantik ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit rückt.
Innerhalb des Rahmenthemas Literatur und Geschichte möchte ich Ihre Aufmerksamkeit lenken auf Geschichtsvorstellungen, Geschichtserfahrungen und Geschichtsgegenstände, die durch das wissenschaftliche, speziell historische Bewußtsein peripher geworden, entmächtigt oder gar entstellt wurden. Mich interessiert erstens, daß diesen antiquiert erscheinenden, kuriosen Dingen in der Poesie der Romantik und des Realismus bei E.T .A. Hoffmann und Brentano, bei Keller und Raabe auf je eigene Weise Zuflucht gewährt wurde. Mich interessiert zweitens, wie die kuriosen Dinge sich unter dem Legitimationsdruck der Aufklärung verwandelten, um als Gegenstände sinnlich erfahrbarer Geschichte nur noch in der Poesie zu überlebetl. [...] Wo sie zum Objekt des Sammlers werden, nähern sich sich der Rarität. Ihre Freisetzung von Alltagsgebrauchszwecken ermöglicht Affinitäten zum Ästhetischen; das Kuriose wird poetisch reizvoll.
'Inbuilt errans' points to the core of the concept, namely the semantic entanglement of errantry and error. Errans as the erroneous wandering or the drifting error complicates the celebration of movement, fluidity, flexibility, or even 'queering'. The rigid or stubborn aspect of errans, its erroneousness on the other hand not only accompanies but also enables its errancy. The 'rigidity' (as rigidity in flux) requires scare quotes in order to mark the ways in which these qualities might collapse when a question of 'to whom?' is posed. Through an eclectic errantry through a personal anecdote, a meme video, an ethnographic note, as well as medical history and queer theory, this text theorizes, with the help of the 'inbuild errans' of the human body, that is, its orifices, a 'radical indifference' that points to an unplanned, ambiguous, and weak while at the same time strategic, rigid, and powerful form of resistance.
What is an exilic law? The Talmud was itself located 'in exile' without ever being considered 'exilic': the self-representation of the Talmud is consistent with the idea that Jewish law might be redacted in diaspora but is still centred on the Temple of Jerusalem. Yet the Zohar offers a unique representation of Jewish law as a central legal product and a metaphysically exiled reality. Hence, Jewish law has not only been born 'in exile' but also has an 'exilic' nature. An exilic law, then, is a tenebrous 'path' that inverts the 'moral ways' of Jewish law, as it departs from the 'exilic centre' of Babylon and installs a 'non-exilic centre' on Mount Moria, where Isaac was almost sacrificed and the Temple of Jerusalem was erected. When Scripture is brought out in an 'exodus', it departs from the solid terrain of an 'exilic law' and radicalizes the event of Abraham's being called to sacrifice his own son by producing a notable inversion of the notion of 'literal sense'. And yet this 'literal sense' that has always been there had almost been neglected, just like a 'purloined letter' - in every sense of the expression.
The essay discusses the notion of counterpublics in the context of the creation of the Solidarność labour union in Poland in 1980. The proposed reading of these events not only offers a feminist recontextualization against the grain of Western liberal triumphalism, but furthermore explores the implications of postcolonial thought for the analysis of the recent history of a Central European country as well as for the discussion concerning the public spheres of the excluded and marginalized. The thought of Eduard Glissant, as well as that of Gloria Anzaldua and Gayatri Spivak, allows for a rethinking of these events and theories in a global perspective, thus facilitating a universalizing practice based on a particular, localized experience.
The oeuvre of contemporary Japanese photographer Rinko Kawauchi is characterized by an approach that gives precedence to process over product and combines conceptual art with vernacular traditions, making her pictures happily imperfect. Starting with Kawauchi's transmedial concept of the image, often positioned between word and image and mainly materialized through photo books, I propose that Kawauchi's photographs are imperfect thanks to her experimentation with technical mistakes, the vernacular subject-matter of everyday snapshots, seriality, sequencing, and format variation, elliptical visibility, the aesthetics of color, and a non-linear temporality. Imperfection, furthermore, emphasizes the materiality of the medium, and removes photography from the referent-centered documentary domain by way of aesthetic, rather than semiotic, significance. Imperfection also activates different modes of reception, emphasizing emotional involvement and participant viewing.
This essay analyzes the semantics of fog in the context of neoliberal austerity in Portugal. Drawing on portraits of young Portuguese in the style of vignettes, the essay historicizes the political and epistemological uses of fog as a medium. Attending to the materiality of fog - a blurring through which visibility occurs - the argument unearths the logical structure of recurrence in and as crisis as it affects the powers of decision-making. The goal is to push the limits of this recurring structure into the present, in order to better expose how two seemingly opposite historical eras - authoritarianism and neoliberalism - share, in fact, the enduring structure of potentiation in language and governance.
The present essay engages with the short story 'The Burrow', written by Franz Kafka between 1923 and 1924, a few months before his death. The ambiguity of the original title, 'Der Bau', which defies translation by pointing at the same time at a construction and an excavation work, anticipates the multilayered image of the burrow itself. While both nature and function of the burrow are hard to pinpoint (is it a dwelling, a shelter, a fortress, a labyrinth, a ruin?), the initially reported success of its construction is revealed as illusory, thus prompting the ongoing first-person narration of the incessant builder's work. Similarly unsuccessful is any attempt of the reader to attain metaphorical closure. In the light of other impossible, i.e., unfinished, bound-to-fail, ruinous, or selfdismantling structures portrayed by Kafka, as well as on the background of coeval texts by Paul Valéry and Georg Simmel, the essay investigates the wide and deep significance of the burrow’s countering the classical ideal of architectural wholeness.
Mafrouza is a twelve-hour-long documentary by French director Emanuelle Demoris, shot in a now-demolished neighbourhood in Alexandria, Egypt. Demoris is one of a long chain of western filmmakers who appeal to some form of 'taking one's time' as an instrument for - morally, politically, epistemologically - adequate representation. Based on the work of Trinh T. Minh-ha, Eduard Glissant, and Poor Theory, this chapter evaluates what happens when a film adopts a strategy of deferral in cases in which it is not clear how questions of 'doing justice' could be resolved. Using long duration and an insistence on the quotidian, Demoris's film forces us to think about the conditions that make pronouncements about character, situation, and narrative possible, continuously postponing the moment when it will become possible to say: 'this film is about …'. By setting itself up for failure, the film proposes one possible approach to the ethics and politics of visibility.
A trio of themes recur across prominent Western theories of laughter: violence, the human/nonhuman, and error. The paper traces this trio through a series of frequently cited paradigms for understanding laughter, including superiority, incongruity and relief theories, Henri Bergson's theory of laughter and V. S. Ramachandran's false alarm theory; and argues that it reflects a shared, if partially submerged concern with the instability and demise of a particular figure of the human, one that is circumscribed by the culturally specific (if globally influential) values of Eurocentric/Western thought, largely corresponding to Sylvia Wynter's 'Man'. This suggests that laughter has an ambiguous immanent potential for both undermining and/or reasserting, de- and/or restabilising the illusion of Man's universalizing drive to identify itself with the human per se.
This paper begins with a Bakhtinian reflection on Javanese shadow puppet theatre (wayang kulit), and explores errancy through carnival laughter embodied and performed by the wise, grotesque figures of clown-servants (punakawan). I argue, however, that here the real subversive power lies not in a combative position that erupts in a social revolution but in offering an alternative way of thinking and being, a deviation from the philosophical (Platonic) obsession for truth and heroic/historic gestures that claim to overcome ignorance and hegemonic/normative structures. Responding to the critique of so-called feudal elements in 'Javanism', I explore how the Javanese mantra, 'manunggaling kawula gusti' (the union of servant and lord), incessantly rehearsed in the stories and life of the people, reveals neither blindness nor self-dissimulation.
The principles of ERRANS are introduced by considering two radically different contexts: Within academic publishing, the literary form of the edited collection is as common as it is denigrated and rarely reflected upon. The account being offered (within an edited collection) seeks to not only reinterpret the status of the genre, but argues in favor of a curatorial errancy within scholarly communication. Yet errancy has also become a crucial touchstone in management and leadership studies, whether as 'disruptive innovation' or 'VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) worlds', inviting a different consideration of the relationship between capitalism and its political and artistic critiques than the one offered by Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello - one which does not consider itself untouched by the errant logics it discerns in its 'subjects'.
Achim von Arnim hat bei der Bearbeitung seiner Erzählung "Der tolle Invalide auf dem Fort Ratonneau" zwei Quellen benutzt und umgeschrieben. Das Entscheidende dabei ist, daß die eine Quelle französischer Provenienz ist und aus der Zeit vor der Revolution stammt, die zweite hingegen eine deutsche Fassung aus der nachrevolutionären Zeit darstellt. Bislang wurden im Blick auf die Umschrift Arnims nur motivliche Übernahmen und adaptierte "sprachliche Eigenheiten" festgestellt. Unberücksichtigt blieb, daß beide Vorlagen Arnims eine je eigene narrative Struktur und poetische Form besitzen.
Es existieren zahlreiche Gattungsgeschichten zur Autobiographie; es gibt neuerdings in der Literaturwissenschaft endlich auch eine Geschichte der Biographie; es fehlt aber eine Untersuchung zu dem komplexen Verhältnis von Autobiographie und Biographie, diesen beiden Grenzgängern zwischen Geschichtsschreibung, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Und doch liegt hier ein methodisch, gattungstheoretisch und ästhetisch ungemein interessantes Beziehungsnetz vor, das, wenn es ausgelegt werden könnte, Rückwirkungen auf die Gattungsgeschichte der Biographie und Autobiographie haben würde.
Das Meer als Faszinosum und Das Meer als Ort von Katastrophen sind nicht zu trennen. Diese kleine Abhandlung beginnt daher mit einer Hommage an das Meer durch Lichtenberg (1793) und endet mit einer nicht weniger einzigartigen minutiösen protokollartigen Darstellung einer "Sturmspringflut" an der Nordsee mit ihren katastrophalen Folgen durch Ernst Willkomm (1854).
Greta Gaard shows how many of the key concerns and objectives of human-animal studies and of related fields such as critical animal studies can be traced back - sometimes directly, at times obliquely - to earlier forms of intersectional activism as well as scholarship by women on behalf of (non)human others. In her account of the emergence of human-animal studies as a distinct institutionalized discourse, Gaard stresses the important contributions made by feminist scholars working at the intersection of fields such as ecofeminism and critical race studies, as well as environmental justice and animal liberation movements. These perspectives have, Gaard argues, greatly contributed to the evolution of human-animal studies into a dynamic and increasingly transdisciplinary field. These developments have opened up numerous lines of inquiry regarding modes of oppression and exploitation across species lines for researchers and students alike while also pointing to, in very practical terms, numerous opportunities for sustainability initiatives, for example, on campuses. Perhaps most importantly, human-animal studies has, Gaard emphasizes, effectively dismantled dominant and destructive conceptions of Western identity, inviting us to reclaim and practice "ecological multispecies kinship, powering and re-storying our collective humanimal resistance and recovery in the Anthropocene."
Spinnenbrille, Dog-Cam und Gassi mit Ziege : Reflexionen über ein tierlinguistisches Projektseminar
(2022)
In her article, "Spinnenbrille, Dog-Cam und Gassi mit Ziege: Reflexionen über ein tierlinguistisches Projektseminar" ("Spider-Glasses, Dog-Cams, and Walkies with a Goat - Reflections on a Project Seminar on Animal Linguistics"), Pamela Steen describes a linguistics seminar that she taught in the summer semester of 2020 at the University of Koblenz-Landau. The author offers a general classification of pragmatic linguistics in HAS in order to justify its categorization as a sub-discipline of cultural animal studies. Steen pays special attention both to the creative methods participants use to incorporate animal perspectives into their research and to the aspect of empathy for animals. This aspect is not only a central linguistic feature but also relevant to the researcher's perspective. A particularly sophisticated method of empathizing with animals are the "spider glasses" developed by a student of Steen's seminar, Katharina Anna-Lena von Werne. In excerpts from her research report, von Werne describes how she sees the world "through the eyes of a spider" and what personal changes this has brought about for her in relation to nonhuman animals.
Jobst Paul proposes an approach to teaching HAS that develops learners' ability to understand and evaluate how representations of animals may function as vehicles for racism, antisemitism, and other dehumanizing ideologies that are based on modes of thinking that provide justifications for animal death, suffering, and exploitation. As Paul notes in "The Philosophical Animal Deconstructed: From Linguistic to Curricular Methodology," the animals that appear in Western philosophical and theological traditions have been disconnected from their referents and have primarily served various human purposes, for example, as figures of thought. Analyzing representations of wolves in the 2019 election campaign by Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), a right-wing German political party, Paul demonstrates how animals have been used to stigmatize and marginalize vulnerable populations such as refugees, and how these stereotypes have, in turn, been instrumental in justifying centuries of violence against nonhuman animals. To help learners understand this vicious circle, Paul introduces a method that can be used in various educational contexts, at different levels, and with learners of all ages. The approach to teaching HAS that he proposes allows learners to reconsider how language and power work through the figure of the animal and to develop the ability to think intersectionally. Particularly in an age of numerous political and environmental crises, there is an urgent need for pedagogical interventions such as the one proposed by Paul.
In "Jagd oder die Kultivierung der Gewalt: Tierethische Sensibilisierung anhand der Filme 'Die Spur' und 'Auf der Jagd'" ("Hunting or the Cultivation of Violence: Sensitizing Students to Animal Ethics using the Films 'Spoor' and 'On the Hunt'"), Björn Hayer proposes an intervention that allows students to understand hunting as a cultural practice and its representation in contemporary film, and to develop greater compassion for nonhuman animals. Arguing that it is possible to relate the cognitive and affective educational goals listed in several secondary school curricula with the objectives of HAS as defined by Gabriele Kompatscher, Hayer sketches a teaching sequence that focuses on two texts featuring hunts: Agnieszka Holland's "Pokot" ("Spoor", the 2017 screen adaptation of Olga Tokarczuk's novel "Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead") and Alice Agneskirchner's 2018 documentary "Auf der Jagd". Framing his nuanced readings of these two films with recent debates on hunting and animal ethics, Hayer shows that this approach allows secondary school students to develop a better understanding of cinematography. In addition, students also discover how cinematic animals can be used to elicit different cognitive and affective responses that may lead to the development of an ethical regard for nonhuman animals. Contributing to both the literature on animals in film and on related pedagogies, Hayer proposes an approach that could easily be implemented both in secondary schools and in various other educational contexts and settings.
Taking her cue from Margo de Mello's "Teaching the Animal", Maria Moss employs a hands-on, didactic approach to teaching human-animal studies (THAS), introducing texts that she has used in her seminars in the past - from philosophical background materials and sociological surveys to novels, short stories, and poems. In her article, "'The skin and fur on your shoulders': Teaching the Animal Turn in Literature," Moss uses texts that "look at the animals from inside out," ending with a discussion of SF and chimp fiction. From James Lever's "Me Cheetah" to George Saunders's story "Fox 8", she focuses on animal agency within the narrative form, presenting texts that feature animals as narrators. Once we acknowledge that notions of language, cognition, and thinking about the future are no longer limited to human narrators and that "storying" is no longer specific to humans, Moss writes, interspecies storied imaginings mark one possible alternative to the long history of human dominance and exceptionalism - not just in life, but in literature, too.
Teaching empathy and emotions : J. M. Coetzee's "The lives of animals" and human-animal studies
(2022)
In "Teaching Empathy and Emotions: J. M. Coetzee's 'The Lives of Animals' and Human-Animal Studies," Alexandra Böhm focuses on one of the most influential novels in the field of HAS. In her article, she delineates the two main difficulties in teaching Coetzee's text: firstly, the text's protagonist, fierce and fearless Australian author Elizabeth Costello, is often less-than-lovable and offers few grounds for identification; secondly, the text's multilayered structure further problematizes the authorial voice. However, by focusing on Costello's reassessment of emotion and empathy, Böhm convincingly demonstrates that Coetzee's text offers possibilities for understanding the key concepts of HAS, such as animal agency, alterity, and the necessity of assuming a non-anthropocentric perspective. In the narrative, Costello employs empathy in her approach to animals, but is this also true of the metadiegetic level of Coetzee's text? Does the text itself suggest how to teach empathy? Alexandra Böhm demonstrates that it is possible to elicit affective responses to these questions through emotion journals and role-playing.
In her contribution, "Of Birds and Men: Lessons from Mark Cocker's 'Crow Country,'" Michaela Keck discusses strategies for teaching Mark Cocker's encounters with the often-ignored members of the corvid family in "Crow Country" (2007). Part natural history, part pastoral, and part personal memoir, "Crow Country" raises and explores questions central to HAS regarding both dichotomies such as self / other, human / animal, and subject / object, as well as the potential and limitations of anthropocentrism and the narratives humans construct about other animals. As Cocker's twenty-first-century account of the rooks in East Anglia demonstrates, these corvids are neither domesticated nor companion animals. Since students will be familiar with crows and might even consider them a nuisance at times, Cocker's text offers new perspectives for thinking about so-called "trash animals." However, crows are also famous for their cognitive skills and cooperative capacities, and are therefore particularly suitable agents for challenging human-animal distinctions and simple notions of species boundaries. Keck's paper engages with "Crow Country" as an entry point to teaching core questions of HAS, exploring the ways in which Cocker's narrative draws students' attention to the de-/constructions of the birds' natural and cultural history and, conversely, of human animality and/or difference. Focusing on rooks as social constructs and agents, as well as rooks anthropomorphized and reconfigured, Michaela Keck illuminates the role of human-bird relationships in current Anthropocene contexts.
Liza B. Bauer looks at science fiction or speculative fiction writing - the literary genre par excellence for exploring alternative models of human-nonhuman coexistence. In her article "Reading to Stretch the Imagination: Exploring Representations of 'Livestock' in Literary Thought Experiments," she dissects processes of reciprocal negotiation between human and nonhuman beings in texts such as Sue Burke's "Semiosis" and Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake" and "The Year of the Flood." Following Brian McHale's and Donna Haraway's credo that highly unlikely worlds encourage readers to critically reflect on current realities, Bauer addresses the following questions: What if chickens, cows, or pigs had the chance to exist for their own ends? What would happen if they could communicate in human language? Or if they were of superior intelligence? Would they subdue humankind, domesticate their co-inhabitants, or coexist harmoniously? By enacting these scenarios in literary storyworlds, SF proves to be particularly fertile ground, yielding insights into the current and future challenges of coexistence. As Bauer convincingly outlines, immersing ourselves in (science) fictional worlds to practice multispecies living does not seem too far removed from reality. The redistribution of animal agency shows that the passivity to which most livestock animals are condemned is not irrevocable. The well-being of both human and nonhuman animals will depend on whether it is possible to theoretically and practically broaden students' understanding of these entanglements. Since alternatives to animal commodification are thinkable in experimental SF storyworlds, they could constitute, Bauer argues, a significant step toward abolishing animal exploitation.