Refine
Document Type
- Article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (4)
Keywords
- Cortisol (4) (remove)
This study investigated associations between parenting stress in parents and self-reported stress in children with children's diurnal cortisol secretion and whether these associations are moderated by known stress-regulating capacities, namely child cognitive control. Salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed from awakening to evening on two weekend days from 53 6-to-7-year-old children. Children completed a cognitive control task and a self-report stress questionnaire with an experimenter, while parents completed a parenting stress inventory. Hierarchical, linear mixed effects models revealed that higher parenting stress was associated with overall reduced cortisol secretion in children, and this effect was moderated by cognitive control. Specifically, parenting stress was associated with reduced diurnal cortisol levels in children with lower cognitive control ability and not in children with higher cognitive control ability. There were no effects of self-reported stress in children on their cortisol secretion, presumably because 6-to-7-year-old children cannot yet self-report on stress experiences. Our results suggest that higher cognitive control skills may buffer the effects of parenting stress in parents on their children’s stress regulation in middle childhood. This could indicate that training cognitive control skills in early life could be a target to prevent stress-related disorders.
Tanzen ist eine Form des Umgangs mit Musik, die in allen Kulturen weltweit existiert. Eine der vielen Funktionen, die dem Tanzen im Laufe der Geschichte zugeschrieben wurden, ist sein Nutzen als heilkräftiges Medium. Bisher gibt es jedoch nur wenige Untersuchungen, die sich mit den potenziellen Effekten des Tanzens als gesundheitsfördernde Tätigkeit beschäftigt haben. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es einerseits, eine Orientierung in diesem zersplitterten und gleichwohl viel versprechendem Forschungsfeld zu bieten und andererseits die subjektiven Wirkungen des Amateur Tanzens, seine psychobiologischen Korrelaten, sowie die dabei zu Grunde liegenden Einflüsse von Musikstimulation und Partner zu untersuchen. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Tanzen eine multidimensionale Tätigkeit darstellt, die verschiedene gesundheitsfördernden Komponenten, nämlich Körperbewegung, soziale Interaktion und Musikstimulation, einschließt. Wahrgenommen werden positive Wirkungen des Tanzens auf das emotionale Befinden, das körperliche Wohlergehen, das Selbstwertgefühl, das Sozialempfinden sowie das spirituelle Wohlbefinden. Tanzen wird darüber hinaus als wichtige Strategie zur Stressbewältigung anerkannt. Die Untersuchung der Wirkung des Paartanzens auf den emotionalen Zustand sowie auf Cortisol- und Testosteronkonzentrationen ergab, dass Tanzen zu einem Anstieg des positiven und einem Absinken des negativen Affektes führt. In Bezug auf die psychobiologischen Parameter wurden Cortisolreduktionen nach dem Tanzen nachgewiesen, welche von der Musikstimulation abhängig waren, während Testosteronerhöhungen zu Beginn der Untersuchung mit der Präsenz des Partners assoziiert waren. Die hier skizzierten Studien geben Hinweise auf die gesundheitsfördernde Bedeutung des Amateurtanzens sowie auf seine subjektiven und neuroendokrinen Korrelate. Darüber hinaus trägt diese Arbeit dazu bei, die differentiellen Einflüsse von Musik und Partner beim Tanzen zu verstehen. Diese Befunde sollen zukünftige Forschungsvorhaben fördern, die den Nutzen des Tanzens als gesundheitsfördernde Tätigkeit weiter verdeutlichen und das Verständnis der dahinter liegenden psychobiologischen Mechanismen erweitern.
Effects of single-point acupuncture (HT7) in the prevention of test anxiety : results of a RCT
(2018)
Background: The number of students using neuro enhancement to improve their performance and to prevent test anxiety is increasing. The acupuncture point Heart 7 (HT7) has been described as being prominent in reducing states of anxiety.
Methods: We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled, two-armed pilot trial to investigate the efficacy of a single-point acupuncture treatment at bilateral HT7 compared to sham laser acupuncture on test anxiety. Test anxiety was induced applying the standardised protocol of the Trier Social Stress Test. Outcome measures included saliva samples analysed for cortisol and amylase, anxiety questionnaires and heart rate variability.
Results: Twenty-five male subjects (age 28 ± 5 years) were allocated to either verum acupuncture (n = 12) or sham laser acupuncture (n = 13). Cortisol peaked 20 min after the stress test (2-fold, 18.11 ± 2 nmol/l) and amylase 10 min after (2-fold, 259 ± 49 U/ml) with no difference between groups. There were no differences between groups regarding either anxiety questionnaires or physiological parameters. Compared to reference data (3-fold increase in cortisol), increase in stress hormones and heart rate seemed somewhat reduced.
Conclusions: Acupuncture may be a possible approach for the treatment of anxiety. Due to the lack of a no control treatment group, we cannot determine the magnitude of possible specific needle effects at HT7 to promote specific effects in the neuroendocrine system. Finally this study only examines the efficacy of a single time treatment.
Growing up in cities is associated with increased risk for developing mental health problems. Stress exposure and altered stress regulation have been proposed as mechanisms linking urbanicity and psychopathology, with most research conducted in adult populations. Here, we focus on early childhood, and investigate urbanicity, behavior problems and the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a central circuit of the stress system, in a sample of N = 399 preschoolers aged 45 months. Urbanicity was coded dichotomously distinguishing between residences with more or less than 100,000 inhabitants. Behavior problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 1½ - 5. Cortisol stress reactivity was assessed using an age-appropriated game-like stress task, and cortisol in the first morning urine was measured to assess nocturnal HPA axis activity. Urbanicity was not associated with behavior problems, urinary cortisol or the cortisol stress response. Neither urinary cortisol nor salivary cortisol response after stress exposure were identified as mediators of the relationship between urbanicity and behavior problems. The findings suggest no strong association of urbanicity with behavior problems and HPA axis regulation in preschool age. To our knowledge, this is the youngest sample to date studying the relationship between urbanicity and behavior problems as well as HPA axis regulation. Future research should examine at which age associations can first be identified and which mechanisms contribute to these relationships.