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The discussion about the interplay between digital technologies and the process of globalization is often focused around the following question: who has access to global information networks and who benefits from digital communication technologies? These are essential questions and it can hardly be denied that they confront us with a series of political and ethical questions. However, we also need to recognize the ongoing digitalization of the globe, a process where more and more people are put on various kinds of maps...
DEDICACES GRATITUDES INTRODUCTION- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 Formulation, délimitation et choix du sujet- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 Hypothèse de recherche- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -11 Cadre méthodologique- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 PREMIERE PARTIE : INSCRIPTION DU DON DANS L’OEUVRE D’AMINATA SOW FALL CHAPITRE I : TYPOLOGIE DES DONS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 I.1.Le don des biens et services I.2.Le don de soi et de temps CHAPITRE II : ACTEURS DU DON- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 II.1.Le donateur II.2.Le donataire II.3.L’intermédiaire CHAPITRE III : AUTOUR DU DON- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -21 III.1.Le don comme forme d’échange III.2.Le don comme facteur d’intérêt DEUXIEME PARTIE : DON ET SOCIETE CHAPITRE IV : MOTIVATIONS DU DON- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25 IV.1.La religion et l’indigence IV.2.La culture africaine CHAPITRE V : AVANTAGES DU DON- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27 V.1.Le don comme acte humanitaire V.2.Le don comme vecteur du lien social CHAPITRE VI : DESAGREMENTS DU DON- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29 VI.1.L’émergence des classes VI.2.La dette morale CONCLUSION- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 BIBLIOGRAPHIE- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CRELAF (Cercle de Reflexion des Etudiants en Littératures Africaines), Département de Littératures Africaines, Université Omar Bongo, Gabon
Fair Trade is under fire. Some critics argue, for instance, that there is no obligation to purchase Fair Trade certified products and that doing so may even be counter-productive. Others worry that well-justified conceptions of what makes trade fair can conflict. Yet others suggest that the common arguments for Fair Trade cannot justify purchasing Fair Trade certified goods, in particular. This paper starts by sketching one common argument for Fair Trade and defends it against this last line of criticism. In particular, it argues that we should purchase Fair Trade certified goods because doing so benefits the poor even though there are other ways to alleviate poverty. It then considers how other common arguments for Fair Trade fare in light of similar criticism and concludes that they may well succeed.
In this article I consider Thomas Pogge’s thesis that affluent countries are violating the human rights of the global poor by contributing support to the current global institutional order. My claim is that affluent countries are not violating the human rights of the global poor in the ways suggested by Pogge. I start by defining a set of conditions that ought to obtain in order to say that a human rights violation has taken place. Then I consider two possible interpretations of Pogge’s thesis and argue that none of them fulfills the conditions required to speak of a human rights violation. On my view, as long as domestic states have the capacity to fulfill the human rights of their own people, poverty constitutes a domestic human rights violation even if the international institutional order somehow contributes to creating this state of affairs. Finally, I examine what transnational duties human rights entail and claim that affluent countries must contribute to the creation of an international order providing domestic states accurate background conditions for the promotion of human rights at the domestic level.
Franz von Assisi is seen as a champion of charity in favour of the poor ones. However that is not true. Poverty has not to be eliminated but praised as the most essential quality of human existence.