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Published in 1991, "Tous les matins du monde" of Pascal Quignard made to appear a real still life from Lubin Baugin called "Le Dessert de gaufrettes" (Musée du Louvre). The importance of this painting in the novel - both narrative and symbolic - is crucial. Baugin's painting constitutes indeed a genetic matrix that must be examined in order to better understand the trajectory of "Tous les matins du monde", insofar as it incites and initiates writing, thereby acquiring a singular hermeneutic depth.
Anfang der 1960er Jahre publizierte das Pharmaunternehmen Sandoz mehrere Haus- und Werbezeitschriften zur Begleitung seiner Forschung und Medikamentenproduktion. Der Artikel widmet sich der deutschsprachigen Zeitschrift "Panorama", redigiert vom Stammhaus in Basel, sowie der anderthalb Jahre später ins Leben gerufenen französischsprachigen Zeitschrift "Sandorama" der Tochtergesellschaft in Paris. Die Publikationen wurden mit der Absicht konzipiert, die Marke Sandoz global bekannt zu machen. Das Zielpublikum waren Ärzte, die dazu bewogen werden sollten, die pharmazeutischen Produkte des Unternehmens zu verschreiben. Dabei musste aber auch der kulturelle Kontext der Erscheinungsorte berücksichtigt werden. Am Beispiel eines Artikels über den "Blauen Reiter", der zuerst in "Sandorama" und dann in Panorama veröffentlicht wurde, wird aufgewiesen, wie Sandoz das Zusammenspiel zwischen dem Globalen und dem Lokalen nutzte, um seine Unternehmensziele zu erreichen. Als noch weitgehend unerforschtes Feld - mit der Schweiz als Angelpunkt - bieten die pharmazeutischen Zeitungen der 1960er Jahre eine ideale Schnittstelle zur transnationalen Geschichte der Pharmazie, der Medizin, des Marketings, des Grafikdesigns sowie der Künste.
This article aims to outline the phenomenon of glocalization from the example of the "Ibero-American Collection" published by the International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation from 1930 to 1939. Initially planned to appear in four languages, this collection was eventually published in French only. It is nonetheless an interesting laboratory from which to observe the consequences of the worldwide circulation of literature, through translation, on the uses and definitions of literature, as well as on the simultaneous production of the global and the local. In this, it is exemplary of a particular moment in the history of the idea of world literature.
Die aktuelle Debatte um den Begriff der Weltliteratur ist eng verwoben mit Dynamiken, die wir im Kontext von Fragen der Glokalisierung im literarischen Feld in den Blick nehmen müssen: Was bedeutet der oft proklamierte weltweite Abschied von der einstigen Zentrums-Peripherie-Logik für literarische Kanonisierungsprozesse? Inwiefern haben neue Zirkulationswege von Literatur im sogenannten Globalen Süden Auswirkungen auf weltliterarische Denominationsprozesse? Diese Aspekte von Prozessen literarischer Glokalisierung werden am Beispiel eines Autors besprochen, der nach wie vor, häufig als einziger, den Globalen Süden in den Kanones der westlichen Welt vertritt: der Kolumbianer Gabriel García Márquez. Beispielhaft für sein Werk steht hier der zentrale Roman "Cien años de soledad" und seine Rezeption in den USA, in Indien und China, mit einem sehr knappen Exkurs auch in die arabische Welt. Neben den Fakten und Zahlen des Buchmarktes geht es auch darum, inwiefern der Bereich des Ästhetischen konkrete intertextuelle Bezugnahmen zwischen García Márquez und Autor:innen des Globalen Südens zeigt und inwiefern sich Rezeptions- und Transformationsvorgänge hinsichtlich bestimmter literarischer Topoi, Gattungen oder Paradigmen herausdestillieren lassen.
Restructuration des répertoires langagiers de migrant·e·s de la République du Congo en Lorraine
(2023)
Cette thèse étudie la complexité du plurilinguisme des migrant·e·s d’origine de la République du Congo en Lorraine à travers le prisme de la restructuration des répertoires langagiers. En affûtant la conceptualisation de la restructuration des répertoires langagiers par l’étude du plurilinguisme des migrant·e·s d’origine congolaise, cette recherche ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour les recherches portant sur le plurilinguisme, notamment concernant les mobilités transgénérationnelles et la diversité des processus de restructuration façonnant les répertoires langagiers. En se focalisant sur les biographies langagières et migratoires de 15 individus migrants, sur leurs réseaux sociaux et sur leurs ressources langagières, cette étude révèle la diversité des processus et des facteurs au cœur des restructurations des répertoires langagiers à travers une étude ethnographique multi-située en Lorraine et au Congo. La compréhension de la diversité des dynamiques restructurant les connaissances langagières des enquêté·e·s passe par l’étude des situations de socialisation langagière au Congo dans leur historicité, des itinéraires de migration et des restructurations des réseaux sociaux ainsi que des répertoires langagiers dans l’installation en Lorraine. Les participations à la société lorraine et ses groupes sociaux imprègnent les identifications, les orientations sociales et les positionnements dans les réseaux sociaux et vice-versa.
Les répertoires langagiers apparaissent comme des enregistrements de la mobilité des individus et de celle des générations antérieures ainsi que de leur entourage. Les restructurations concernent entre autres les ressources associées au français, aux langues congolaises et à d’autres langues appropriées par la migration. Les ressources du français sont restructurées par les migrant·e·s en s’appropriant les ressources courantes dans différentes situations sociales en Lorraine, en marquant et/ou en dissimulant les ressources appropriées ailleurs et inappropriées dans ces situations. En même temps, un savoir de différenciation des ressources, dont font aussi partie les schémas de catégorisation et les stratégies communicatives, est développé et une (in)sécurité langagière se manifeste. Les ressources associées aux langues congolaises, leurs fonctions sociales et leurs représentations sont restructurées dans des processus d’attrition, d’actualisation, de transformation et d’élaboration langagière. Les ressources associées à d’autres langues européennes appropriées par la migration sont reléguées au second plan et se perdent lentement par manque d’usage. Enfin, les connaissances liées à la gestion du plurilinguisme, de la diversité culturelle et de l’altérité, appropriées dans les mêmes situations de diversité, aident au traitement interne des expériences des mobilités spatiales et sociales ainsi que des restructurations des répertoires langagiers.
Rezension zu Sara Buekens, Émergence d’une littérature environnementale. Gary, Gascar, Gracq, Le Clézio, Trassard à la lumière de l’écopoétique, Genève, Droz, 2020, 536 pages.
Rezension zu Alexandre Gefen (éd.), Territoires de la non-fiction. Cartographie d'un genre émergent, Leiden/Boston, Brill/Rodopi, coll. Chiasma, 2020, 377 pages.
Arachnides 102.2021
(2021)
Arachnides 101.2021
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Arachnides 105.2022
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Arachnides 104.2022
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Arachnides 103.2021
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Factualité et littérarité
(2020)
The development of extended and multimedia narrative forms has changed our conception of reading. When we read or watch a text, we realize that surrounding elements are just as important as those placed at the center of our attention. Based on two case studies, a webdocumentary entitled "Prison Valley" and the concept of 'hyper reading' elaborated by N. Katherine Hayles, this article demonstrates how simultaneity turns out to be a determining parameter in the reception of non-linear narrative forms. By accentuating the spatial aspect of the page/screen, simultaneity crystallizes the two fundamental components of the contemporary, which are differentiation and contiguity, within the limits of the individual reading experience. What I call "simultaneous reading" becomes thus a laboratory to fully grasp the heterogenous nature of the contemporary, in both its subjective and its paradigmatic dimensions.
Der Umgang mit dem Übersetzen lebt traditionellerweise von einem Reflexionsdefizit, das sich weitgehend der Identifizierung mit zwei Grundpfeilern der abendländischen Kultur verdankt: der Schöpfungsgeschichte und der Auffassung von der Sprache als bloßem Medium bzw. Werkzeug. So bildet das Verhältnis zwischen Original und Übersetzung das theologisch bedingte Mann/Frau-Modell und dessen Wertvorstellungen nach. Konkretisiert wird diese ideologiekritische Diagnose am Beispiel des Diskurses von Ladmiral, der beide Richtungen akzentverschiebend radikalisiert und entsprechend positiv rezipiert wird. Anschließend wird der für das Übersetzen zentrale 'Treue'-Begriff kritisch überprüft und ein Alternativmodell entwickelt, das an zwei deutlich unterschiedlichen Kurzbeispielen erprobt wird. Im Schlussteil wird eine Definition der Übersetzeridentität herausgearbeitet, die auf theologisch-metaphysische Implikationen verzichtet und die Übersetzertätigkeit funktionsgerecht beschreiben soll.
Elsa Triolet (1896-1970), geb. Ella Kagan, Ehefrau von Louis Aragon und Schwester von Lili Brik, war eine französische Schriftstellerin russischen Ursprungs. Ihr Werk "Roses à crédit" ("Rosen auf Kredit"), der erstes Band der Trilogie "L'âge de nylon" ("Das Nylon-Zeitalter"), schreibt sich in mehrere Gattungsformen ein. Der Verlag Gallimard bezeichnet das Werk im Untertitel der ersten Auflage von 1959 als Roman. Das für die 1994 erschienene Übersetzung ins Russische verantwortliche Verlagshaus Khorda bezeichnet ihn genauer als einen "Roman für Frauen". Mit Hilfe der von Ute Heidmann etablierten Methode des "differenzierenden Vergleichs" analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag die generischen und stilistischen Merkmale der russischen Märchen im Band "Roses à crédit". Dazu bediene ich mich seiner Übersetzung ins Russische ("Розы в кредит"), der Märchen Afanassjews, und A. Puschkins "Märchen vom Fischer und Fischlein" ("Сказка о рыбаке и рыбке"). Die vergleichende Analyse zeigt deutlich, sich das literarische Schreiben einer mehrsprachigen Autorin sich keineswegs auf eine einzige Sprache reduzieren lässt. In Elsa Triolets "Roses à crédit" lassen sich eindeutige Spuren der russischen Sprache in Form von stilistischen Merkmalen finden, die sich der Einschreibung in die Gattung der russischen Märchen verdanken.
In der Kritik geht das immer wiederkehrende Lob des rumänischen Schriftstellers Emil Cioran, wenn er auf Französisch schreibt, damit einher, dass seine rumänische Vergangenheit nicht berücksichtigt wird. Ein Teil der Kritik schafft dabei eine einsprachige Darstellung seiner Schriften. Wenn Cioran seine Schreibpraxis evoziert, etabliert er eine Rhetorik, deren Zweck es ist, an seinem Image zu arbeiten, um im französischen Literaturbereich Erfolg zu haben. Nachdem er sich mit einer faschistischen Bewegung in Rumänien beschäftigt hat, verbindet er ständig Sprache, Ideologie und Identität, um sich in Frankreich verändert und reuig zu zeigen. Dieser Artikel verteidigt somit die Betrachtung der gesamten mehrsprachigen literarischen Karriere von Cioran, wenn wir seine Arbeit so objektiv und vollständig wie möglich angehen wollen.
In diesem Beitrag wird das von Patrick Chamoiseau entwickelte Konzept vom "Relationspotential der Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen" auf Grimms Märchen angewandt. In erster Linie geht es darum, zu zeigen, wie im Laufe der Ausgaben der Sammlung "Kinder- und Hausmärchen, gesammelt durch die Brüder Grimm" rein deutsche Erzählungen sowie mythologische Reminiszenzen entstanden sind. In zweiter Linie wird die Künstlichkeit dieses Diskurses hervorgehoben. Dazu werden die Märchen von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm - vor allem das KHM 60 "Die zwei Brüder" - mit den mythologischen Quellen verglichen, aus denen sie vermeintlich stammen sollten.
This study examines how "Rebelle Antigone" (2005), a story by Marie-Thérèse Davidson intended for young readers and published in the collection 'Histoires noires de la mythologie' by Nathan, uses Henry Bauchau's novel "Antigone" (1997) to renew the intertextual dialogue with the homonymous tragedy of Sophocles, the canonical intertext of all the reconfigurations of Antigone. In other words, the author mobilizes what we could call 'l'actif relationnel' // 'relational potential' of two intertexts and two generic practices to create a new, original and challenging work for readers aged 11 to 14. This study aims to show that, far from the prejudices devaluing the so-called "children's literature", the adaptation of mythological stories for children takes up the challenge of transmitting ancient heritage in all its diversity. The use of more recent (re)writings, such as Henry Bauchau's novel, thus becomes an effective means of making the myth and its ancient intertexts both more complex and more accessible to young readers.
This essay examines Agota Kristof's use of the French language in a French-Hungarian edition of her poetry entitled "Clous / Szögek" ("Nails"). Furthermore, the close reading of her collected poems and her autobiography "L'Analphabète" ("The Illiterate") reveals the complexity of Kristof's writing and her creative way to move between the two languages. The analysis of her syntax, her dynamic choice of verbs and the modalities of negation brings to light discursive caracteristics of the Hungarian language, her mother tongue. Lexical nuances reveal the emotional dimension concealed in Agota Kristof's texts while the phonetic dimension of her poetry creates a particular poetic voice. Consulting the archives of the writer preserved in Bern has confirmed the importance of Agota Kristof's linguistic exploration. Close reading of her texts in both languages reveals how childhood memories activate her first language and how her mother tongue helps her to remember past events.
Die Studie skizziert ein mobiles Sinnbildfeld zentraler Figuren und Konzepte weltliterarischer Mehrsprachigkeit, einschließlich der wechselseitigen Beziehungen, die sich zwischen den Figuren einerseits und zwischen Figuren und Konzepten anderseits entwickeln. Ein bildbegriffliches Feld mit den Konturen einer fluiden 'imago mundi'. Zunächst werden archaische Sprachgottheiten und Sprachmythen verschiedenster Kulturkreise im Dialog und Konflikt miteinander als prototypische Figuren von Viel-, Ein- und Allsprachigkeit vorgestellt. Dann wird deren weltliche und literarische Rekonfigurierung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Antike und Moderne aufgezeigt. Eine bedeutsame Konfiguration bilden die urbanen und die kosmischen Figuren des Babelturms und des Sprachenbaums samt dessen rhizomatischem Widerpart; außerdem die Figuren der kosmischen und der nautischen Meer- und Mehrsprachigkeit. Abschließend werden interlinguale Sprachfiguren 'in actu' vorgeführt, auf dem Weg zu einem globoglotten Interlekt.
Die von dem karibischen Schriftsteller Patrick Chamoiseau geprägte Wendung "l'actif relationnel des langues, des cultures et des hommes" bezeichnet die kreative Dynamik, die entsteht, wenn verschiedene Sprachen und Kulturen miteinander in Beziehung treten. Die folgende Studie zeigt, wie Chamoiseau in seinem literarischen und theoretischen Werk dieses 'Relationspotential' der in den französischen Antillen koexistierenden Sprachen auf mehreren Ebenen "mobilisiert". In seiner Trilogie "Une enfance créole" erfindet er eine höchst suggestive poetische Sprache, die den kolonialen Antagonismus der kreolischen und der französischen Sprache auflöst, indem er die klangliche, lexikalische und semantische Verwandtschaft beider Sprachen aktiviert. Indem er eine Gattung französischer Tradition, die Kindheitsbeschreibung ('récit d’enfance') mit einer fundamentalen kreolischen Gattungspraxis, dem 'conte créole', kombiniert, gelingt es ihm auch, das 'actif relationnel' beider Kulturen zu mobilisieren. Sein Werk begründet mit seinem 'récit d'enfance créole' eine Gattungspraxis, die beide Sprachen und Kulturen auf kreative Weise in ihrer "Diversalität" ('diversalité') vereint. Damit realisiert Chamoiseau auf künstlerischer und auf metapoetischer Ebene sein mit anderen kreolischen Schriftstellern (Glissant, Bernabé, Confiant) formuliertes Postulat, der "oft verflachenden Universalität" die "Dynamik einer Einheit im Diversen" entgegenzusetzen.
Introduction
(2020)
Les langues, littératures et cultures du monde entrent en relation par de multiples façons liées au plurilinguisme autant qu'au dialogisme interculturel et intertextuel constitutif qui sous-tend l'évolution des langues et des littératures. La notion d'actif relationnel, forgée par Patrick Chamoiseau, en dit bien la dynamique créatrice et le potentiel sémantique: "La communauté est désormais dans l'actif relationnel des langues, des cultures et des hommes. Les connivences de langues tracent des histoires, des rencontres, des solidarités mais ne sont que le signe d'une diversité-monde qui, cherchant ses accords, tend à les dépasser en d’autres complexités" ("Écrire en pays dominé"). Pour explorer cette dynamique, l'Association Suisse de Littérature Générale et Comparée (ASLGC) a décidé de consacrer son colloque annuel, tenu entre le 22 et le 24 novembre 2018 à l'Université de Lausanne, à "L'actif relationnel des langues, littératures et cultures". Il s'agissait de mettre en évidence cette créativité et la complexité qui en résulte par des exemples marquants. Quels sont les procédés langagiers et poïétiques mis en oeuvre pour mobiliser cet actif relationnel? Quels sont les obstacles à surmonter pour le mobiliser, autant sur le plan de la création que sur celui de l’analyse?
Les végétaux et leurs produits sont de la première importance pour la vie de la population rurale de l’Afrique. Localement, ils sont couramment utilisés pour la construction, la fabrication des outils, l’emballage, comme aliments et médicaments, pour nourrir le bétail et pour la protection des cultures et des terres. Aussi, les insectes comestibles constituant une part importante de l’alimentation dans une grande partie de l’Afrique, se nourrissent de certaines plantes. Les abeilles récoltent le nectar et le pollen pour produire le miel qui est très apprécié par la population et s’avère être une précieuse source de revenus dans la province. La connaissance des utilisations et même des noms locaux de nombreuses de ces plantes est entrain de se perdre. Cette publication fournit des informations recueillies localement, ainsi que de la littérature disponible, pour plus de 800 plantes poussant dans la province du Kongo central en République Démocratique du Congo.
Le but de ce livre est d’encourager la plantation et la conservation des plantes au Kongo Central, province de la République Démocratique du Congo. La plupart des plantes citées sont également présentes dans plusieurs pays en région tropicale humide d’Afrique. Il est à espérer que ce livre sera utile aux fermiers, aux guérisseurs, aux étudiants et aux diverses catégories de personnes vivant en milieu rural.
Le volume 1 couvre les espèces Abelmoschus esculentus à Leptaspis zeylanica. Le volume 2 contient Leptoderris congolensis à Zinnia angustifolia. (Une version corrigée du volume 2 est également disponible, dans laquelle les erreurs mineures de formatage de l'édition originale sont améliorées.)
Usages et appropriation des technologies éducatives en Afrique : quelques pistes de réflexion
(2020)
Ce livre veut faire etat de l'appropriation des technologies, dans divers contextes africains, par les enseignants et les apprenants de l'enseignement primaire, secondaire et universitaire. Pour ce faire, il presente les travaux de chercheurs de differents pays d'Afrique - Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger et Senegal. Surgissent de ces recherches plusieurs reflexions et questions qui interpellent tous ceux qui ont à coeur la comprehension du potentiel des technologies educatives. Quelles sont les representations sociales que les enseignants, les eleves et les etudiants ont des technologies ? Quelles sont les modalites administratives, pedagogiques et techniques à mettre en oeuvre pour la formation continue à distance des enseignants avec l'aide des technologies ? Comment soutenir l'acquisition des competences technopedagogiques ? Quelles sont les reelles potentialites des technologies de l'information et de la communication pour soutenir les reformes en education ? Les technologies sont-elles une source de motivation ou de demotivation, un levier pour les approches socioconstructivistes ? Cet ouvrage interessera toute personne qui souhaite mieux comprendre l'education en Afrique et plus particulierement la place que la technopedagogie est appelee à jouer dans l'Afrique du 21e siecle.
A woman meets young people from various backgrounds - at a U.S. university. She is African, from Chad. The students, eager to learn about her life, ask probing questions. She tells them about the war, her flight, her refugee status, her experiences in West Africa and Algeria. In turn, she discovers that they are still exposed to racism in their country - an outrage compounded by the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. As an activist in residence, she dialogues with the students about their aspirations and encourages them to become artisans of peace and justice. We look forward, in turn, to the thoughts and writings of young people about the encounters shared here and the illustrations by a young Kenyan woman that accompany the essays.
The Struggle for Meaning is a landmark publication by one of African philosophy's leading figures, Paulin J. Hountondji, best known for his critique of ethnophilosophy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In this volume, he responds with autobiographical and philosophical reflection to the dialogue and controversy he has provoked. He discusses the ideas, rooted in the work of such thinkers as Husserl and Hountondji's former teachers Derrida, Althusser, and Ricoeur, that helped shape his critique. Applying his philosophical ideas to the critical issues of democracy, culture, and development in Africa today, he addresses three crucial topics: the nexus between scientific extraversion and economic dependence; the nature of endogenous traditions of thought and their relationship with modern science; and the implications - for political pluralism and democracy - of the emergence of 'philosophies of subject' in Africa. While the book's immediate concern is with Africa, the densely theoretical nature of its analyses, and its bearing on current postmodern theories of the 'other', will make this timely and elegant translation of great interest to many disciplines, especially ethnic, gender, and multicultural studies.
It is important to question some recurrent commonplaces about the (post)colonial order and the preservation of the environment if one wants to reconcile ecocriticism and postcolonial theories. For instance, were pre-colonial societies devoid of ecological awareness? Is the environmental commitment of the developed world a kind of repentance for the damages that its material comfort has caused to the environment? Are the underprivileged people of the third world so concerned with their daily survival that they become unable to advocate for the protection of the environment? Can we conclude, given the conflicting views of the industrialized countries and their post-colonial counterparts on ecology, that issues of human development and those of the conservation of the environment are incompatible? These are some of the questions that the essays in Aspects ?cocritiques de l?imaginaire africain attempt to answer, with reference to African literature.
Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, and interrelated perspectives (law, economics, politics, geography, etc.), it confirms some knowledge but shows a differentiation of the systems of exclusion of women in the access and control of land resources, systems that appear to be related to socio-cultural realities specific to each agro-ecological zones of Senegal.
The rural poor face a major challenge to access financial services provided by the formal banking system. These poor are excluded from the system because of the requirements imposed on them by that banking sector. The microfinance promise is to ensure that the excluded have access to financial products. Financial intermediation of microfinance through microcredit, micro-transfers, micro-saving and micro-insurance has gained popularity in the developing countries of the world during the past thirty years. For these countries the question is to determine the potential role of microfinance in reducing poverty and in strengthening economic growth. While a considerable amount of research has been undertaken in other parts of the world on these issues, there is a dearth of empirical knowledge in the Central African countries. This book 'Microfinance in Central Africa: The challenge of the excluded' presents results of empirical research concerning microfinance institutions in Central Africa. The book draws from a project that was supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in the context of the Centre's globalization, growth and poverty programme initiative. The project examined issues related to the market for microfinance, institutional considerations, efficiency and behaviour of key actors and the impact of microfinance. The studies within the project were undertaken by teams of researchers and doctoral students, all mainly economists and jurists, in four countries in Central Africa, namely: Cameroon, Chad, Congo Republic and Gabon. The book should serve as a reference guide with respect to the microfinance experience in the region for the scientific community, policy makers and other development practitioners.
The idea that human beings are inextricably bound to one another is at the heart of this book about African agency, especially drawing on the African philosophy Ubuntu, with its roots in human sociality and inclusivity. Ubuntu's precepts and workings are severely tested in these times of rapid change and multiple responsibilities. Africans negotiate their social existence between urban and rural life, their continental and transcontinental distances, and all the market forces that now impinge, with relationships and loyalties placed in question. Between ideal and reality, dreams and schemes, how is Ubuntu actualized, misappropriated and endangered? The book unearths the intrigues and contradictions that go with inclusivity in Africa. Basing his argument on the ideals of trust, conviviality and support embodied in the concept of Ubuntu, Francis Nyamnjoh demonstrates how the pursuit of personal success and even self-aggrandizement challenges these ideals, thus leading to discord in social relationships. Nyamnjoh uses a popular Ivorian drama with the same title to substantiate life-world realities and more importantly to demonstrate that new forms of expression, from popular drama to fiction, thicken and enrich the ethnographic component in current anthropology.
In Compagnon ! Journal d'un noussi en guerre: 2002-2011 Garvey tells the story of intimate and professional life in Côte dIvoire during a decade of civil war. During that period Garvey played an important role in the paramilitary group FLGO-Abidjan, part of the militarised wing of the so-called patriotic movement who supported President Laurent Gbagbo. Compagnon! is the outcome of the collaboration of Marcus Mausiah Garvey and the anthropologist Karel Arnaut which began in 2009 when Garvey showed Karel his autobiography-in-progress. Since that day both became companions in a long, challenging but often intensely creative and reflective literary project which led, among other things, to this book.
This book questions the politicization/depoliticization of women's and feminists' organizations in the context of globalization. It explores some African pathways, in particular those of South Africa and Senegal. Extending beyond the notions of neoliberalism and 'gender digital divide', the author is searching, through the ICT use of those organizations, the inhibiting factors or the genesis of political action, and particularly the mechanisms of institutionalization. Palmieri shows that the impact of ICT and gender inequality combine to worsen and accelerate social hierarchies and may paradoxically create spaces where non-dominated gendered knowledge emerge. She dissociates domination and power. This book introduces new directions for feminist epistemology. Contemporary societies, strongly foot-printed by digital connection, are mixing the coloniality of power and patriarchy, and this dual system of domination can produce epistemic creation.
When an Anglophone takes up the challenge to write in French and for those who think they have the monopoly of the French language, the result is exhilarating for the reader. This is regarding poetry born of the plume of Bill F. Ndi. Though this is not his first collection in the French language, The Crossroads: Black or Blackened smacks with the poets lexical usage and the imagery the words evoke to awaken the readers conscience of the misdeeds plaguing the society. The word choices are just and à propos. Esthetically and rhythmically, the poems in this volume jolt the readers senses.
This book starts from the premise that the advent of mobile telephony in Mali coincided with economic liberalization, internationalization of trades and new balances in social spaces such as the Bamako market and the Center and Northern regions of Mali already under stress and / or major reconfigurations. These have resulted in increasing the mobility made ??both inside and outside the country (migrants and displaced persons, etc.); the appearance of new figures of businessmen, entrepreneurs, traders and changing trade routes. However, these mobilities produce original territories circulations and various exchanges that can not be understand in the exclusive setting of the local society. Perceived as pens or territorial ghettos, they are also anchors in cities. Centralities invisible and often confused with other businesses, these territories are also internalized operators forming networks between cities and the countryside. The investigated sites are representative of different scales: links, networks and territories across the Sahel and Sahara, and lastly of the territory enclosed within national boundaries, and finally across small parts of that territory, Douentza and the edges of the Sahara, the region of Kidal. In all cases it came to study in parallel, the social structure, the nature of territories or networks and actors that produce them, their links with urban areas, institutions, groups of actors embedded in these territories and movements registered by the use and ownership of the phone.
Using linguistic stylings as subversive as the messages nestled between the lines, Vakunta s Requiem for Ongola in Camfranglais: Cameroonian poetics presents a scathing critique of the corruption of democracy into democraziness running rampant in the Sick Man of Africa . Written in Camfranglais, this is resistance poetry at its best: tokking through the mouth of the voiceless , the author pulls no punches in condemning the country s roi fain ant, the perverted acceptance of feymania, the reduction of the national Constitution into toilet paper, and the general climate of impunity that has created an atmosphere of frustration and hopelessness. Calling upon the redeeming power of the Word Speak truth! these verses deftly navigate through the multilingual lexicon of a new, African hybrid language, providing an insider s account of the real stakes at hand in Ongola, the Ewondo word for Yaound .
How does one think about the form of the State in its management of conflicting ethnic groups in positive light in Africa in the present and in the future? Ethnic reality in Africa continues to be the principal determining factor of individual and collective existence, constituting an obstacle to the normal operation of its States, which often fail or collapse. In the global era, the re-organisation of power and of thought in plural societies leads to socio-political and geopolitical stabilisation. The author here argues for the implementation of 'deliberative democracy' or 'governance under the tree' as a synthesis of liberal and republican democracy based on the 'win-win' principle, different from majoritarian democracy where the 'winner takes all'. The theory of the multinational state thus proposes a constitutional, political and conceptual innovation in the plural societies of the 21st century: it entails restructuring the imagination to allow a global shift in African political thought, its needs, desires, quests, expectations and hopes.
Teachers, through their pedagogical appropriation of information and communication technology (ICT) are sometimes bewildered - as if in the middle of a new ocean. Behind them is all they have learned, and before them lies so much they do not know and that invites exploration. They accompany their students and invite others to join them in this journey. They do their best to learn, deepen their teaching, and perhaps also, through their example and their actions, encourage the revitalization of the school system. Internet is like a sea of knowledge, in a changing world, where one has to navigate with great enthusiasm, curiosity and skill, as well as patience, impatience and perseverance. Let the experiences of Malian teachers shared in this book inspire you.
? La vérité blesse ? ou encore ? la vérité est une pilule amère à avaler ? sont des adages depuis fort longtemps passés de mode. Cependant, dans La Logorrhée du poète ou lHistoire des Camerouns en 33 gouttelettes, le poète évoque et symbolise dune manière nouvelle et dune esthétique fascinante le mal-vivre de Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia avec ses frères/voisins de la République du Cameroun. Le premier ayant choisi (en 1961) la fédération avec la République du Cameroun qui nen voulut point au départ, sen veut et pour ce, cherche à défaire cette relation sans fondement ni base. Ce vouloir étant accueilli par une brutalité sanguinaire et féroce na laissé à ce poète engagé que le choix dexposer la laideur de la tyrannie, de la tuerie, de linsouciance, et de lhypocrisie de ceux sensés gouverner. Les sévices subis par le peuple du Southern Cameroons/Ambazonia semblent souligner la volonté du poète à faire valoir aux Ambazonians, leur droit de quête de liberté. Cette prise de position rappelle la perspective Sartrienne de lengagement littéraire. Bref, ce recueil est riche sur le plan esthétique et aussi historique de fond en comble.
Pour Qui File La Comete
(2017)
The appearance of a comet in some African beliefs is taken as a bad omen. In the 1960s, appeared in this imaginary land a comet whose shape resembles that of a sword and it can be seen only at dawn. People at once related this appearance with sad events. Soon after the appearance of the comet this land experienced painful events of civil war. Adouma, the main character of the story and son of a Marabout (an Islamic scholar), has attended both schools, Coranic and French. He lived through this troubled period which took place between 1960 and 1990. He waged war and also endured the harms of war. It is an enthralling and moving narrative that combines fantastic story with auto-fiction.
Clairvoyant who has lived in France for the past 24 years, expresses himself at times with a virulent violence that only an exile living in a perpetual nostalgia of his/her native land can understand. His words directed at the rulers of his native country is not always flattering, a euphemism not to say discourteous or accusatory. Poet with moral probity, he however slips into obsequiousness when expressing his anger that can easily be styled great immorality.
Bourgeon Divin: Témoignages
(2012)
Ce livre dévoile un matériel ethnographique innovant, notamment, des événements dans lesquels des individus font face au super naturel, tel la réaction à la mort d'un enfant dont l'opération chirurgicale était considérée comme la réponse aux prières à Dieu, la manière dont des étudiants Africains ont fait face à de mauvais esprits dans leurs vies, comment des Africains ont expérimenté le phénomène de miracle avec une toile de fond qui marie les religions importées (Christianisme et Islam) avec leurs croyances traditionnelles. Le matériel est aussi d'un intérèt certain pour les lecteurs engagés dans la recherche du dialogue entre les religions en vue de trouver des solutions aux conflits du monde moderne. C'est un livre qui va bousculer nos croyances. Lire par exemple ce qui se passe lorsqu'un musulman fait face au Christ dans le récit du chapitre 5. Le témoignage de Mevoutsa au chapitre 6 est une illustration parfaite de ce que les Africains attachés à leurs cultures traditionnelles croient que Dieu peut utiliser les guérisseurs traditionnels pour manifester sa présence parmi les hommes.
Women's access to land resources has been the subject of several studies and publications. However, few have explored this issue from the perspective of gender, and citizenship rights of rural women. In addition, researchers and development practitioners have lamented the acute shortage of reliable data and statistics, disaggregated by several perspectives (gender, ethnicity, agro-ecological location, among others) allowing detailed analyses of women's access to land in Senegal. This book has attempted to meet these interrelated demands. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, and interrelated perspectives (law, economics, politics, geography, etc.), it confirms some knowledge but shows a differentiation of the systems of exclusion of women in the access and control of land resources, systems that appear to be related to socio-cultural realities specific to each agro-ecological zones of Senegal. While providing opportunities to identify the links between access to land and strengthening the citizenship of Senegalese women, this book presents the challenge of adopting an inclusive and collaborative demarche in the struggle for women's access to agricultural land in particular.
Ousmane Semb ne started writing by 1952. The Black Docker, his first novel inspired by the Marseille experience was published in 1956 by Debresse. In 1957, Amiot Dumont published O Pays, mon beau Peuple, a caustic critic of the colonial plight. This second inaugural piece, clearly autobiographical and sentimental is followed up by a vast knowledge of the strike of the Dakar-Niger railway workers: God s Bits of Wood published in 1960 by Livre Contemporain. In 1961, Pr sence Africaine pulished his collection of short stories, Volta que, in 1964 the first volume of l Harmattan which is a replay of the 28th September 1958 referendum in black Africa and in 1966 Vehi-Ciosane followed by The Money Order. To this date with six published novels and a renown Cinematographer, Ousmane Semb ne with the help of his sharp pen and his critical and observant look decides to examine the fate that the new bourgeoisie and the administrative bureaucracy mete on the downtrodden of this ignominious beauty, Dakar, the Capital of an African nation in the wake of independence. Thanks to a money order that Ibrahima Dieng wants to cash, the film maker/writer takes this character through the urban administrative labyrinth, through neighbourly disputes and through family life in the neighbourhood, highlighting and pointing in passing the crossings, abuses, vices and vicissitudes which make up this segment of life, in every aspect, exemplary. The story unfolds with the arrival of a postman carrying a letter and a problematic money order; it ends on the image of the postman handing a letter to Dieng, when a woman carrying a baby on her back comes in and interrupts them to expose the origins of her misfortunes, asking for help.
Through her Letters written to Friends, to her opponents: priests, magistrates, politicians, including the king, Elizabeth Hooton leaves a captivating testimony of her fights for and of her activism in quest of the Truth, Freedom, Justice and equity for all as well as peace on earth and within the Quaker movement. Hers was a fight and quest far from any guided by egoism pure and simple or by personal interest. She was driven by her interest in the common good of all and everywhere. In History of civilizations we have actors who fade away unnoticed or at times are just ignored whereas their contributions to the said civilizations as small as they might be have contributed tremendously in shaping without doubt the same civilizations. Elizabeth Hooton falls within this category of people whose contribution to contemporary English civilization and above all to the feminist movement can be read between the lines of the fragments of these letters; she wrote to her Friends and to the political leaders of England during an era of great changes which radically transformed the English society i.e. 17th Century England. She expresses herself in very caustic terms as a way of affirming the rights to equality of the oppressed woman and other marginals of the society of her time. She anchors her fight on the axis of a universal and Universalist quest for equality, a Quaker ideal.
Soleil et ombre
(2010)
In this collection, Bill F. NDI resorts to more sagacious versification (rhyme constraints, alliterations and at times the alexandrine) in which appear marked influences of many a French poet. Some of his more audacious poems bring to mind Calligrams and typography of Appolinaire and Paul Éluard respectively.
Réussite scolaire, Faillite Sociale : Généalogie mentale de la crise de l'Afrique Noire Francophone
(2010)
Two volumes of school textbooks have notably led to self repulsion and attraction by the other peculiar to the black African elite. These are the collection put together by the missionary brothers Macaire and Grill: Mamadou et Bineta authored by Andre Davesne alone or in collaboration with J. Gouin. To have an understanding of the kind of scholar produced by the foreign school in the colonies a century after, it is worthwhile retracing the itinerary, followed through readings by generation of pupils, to know the sources that fed their imagination. Out of tune with the universe of their birth, unable to efficiently concretize school teaching, but having certainly perceived that education and education alone is the new pedigree of distinction, school pupils have had to simulate the appropriation of fetishist models of knowledge without necessarily assimilating the spirit of the new civilization and much less taking the challenge to preserve self integrity redeemed through a complaisant dependence that spares from taking any action by fear of doing wrong or being called to order by the overbearing world. If not, how can one explain, in spite of the material and symbolic crises, that the elite since independence have not initiated a discursive strategy for another effective school system? Now, with aspiration or repugnance to discontinuity, the intentions are to rid Africa of the unhealthy residual French complexes in order to engage on the path of double acknowledgement and difference. This seems the most likely to restore trust amongst the peoples and to assure the endorsement of men worthy of being called such.
If Each One Of Us Would Be God? Is a hypothesis that rejects the logic of religious institutions with their ability to limit the evolution of human consciousness, since the reality of our existence within religions is defined as fixed. If each one of us would be God, we would return into the deepness of our absolute consciousness and be in contact with our true selves. This challenging statement awakens the conscious deadening of a Supreme human being, as the search for our spiritual identity has nothing to do with the collective degree that is dictated by religious rules, which creates dependency. It is a process of individualism that makes each one of us responsible for our own being. We can be in contact with God from the moment we become conscious of All and Nothing. As God is primarily All and Nothing (love and hate, good and evil), to be able to connect with All (Love), we must transform ourselves into All and Nothing and deepen our understanding on inner brightness and darkness, which pushes us to carry valuable moral judgements on our own acts. If Each One of Us Would Be God? courageously opens up the debate over Biblical statements. However, in order to fully understand the Bible?s dialectic, the duty of each one of us remains the deepest search of the fundamental truth of oneself to accomplish our spirituality.
It is more than forty seven years ago that the Federation of black African students in France (FEANF) organised its first seminar in Paris on the relationship between black African literature and politics. The significance of the event came from the fact that literature served as a vehicle for unmasking traitors in Africa. This was also an opportunity for African students to define the role of literature in political struggles and to appreciate correctly and objectively the commitments of African writers in French. At no time was it a question of over emphasising the importance of this type of work in relation to the immense political challenges in the liberation struggle of African countries. Despite their ideological, religious and philosophical differences, African intellectuals were all committed to African independence and unity, and the need for a critical appraisal of the contribution of African literature in this regard. Participants at this seminar accomplished this task in serenity and with much lucidity. The young generation of pupils and students have the right to know the opinions of their elders who took part, in various degrees and for various reasons, in the struggles for independence on the African continent.
The recent pirate activities on the horn of Africa have sparked interest in a phenomenon which in the years of yore characterised the high seas i.e. hostage taking. Combating this ill is the primary objective of the present treatise. Through his autobiographical narrative, The Fighting Sailor Turn'd Peaceable Christian, Thomas Lurting (1632-1713) distinguishes himself as one of the emblematic defendants of the early Quaker ideals for International Peace. In this treatise Lurting takes the fight for these ideals to the maritime scene. Most of the narrative takes place on board the Bristol Frigot, ship on board of which he was convinced. Despite staunch opposition facing the rise of Quakerism in the maritime milieu, which at the time was characterised by the spirit of belligerence, the determination of Quakers to die for their convictions, their pacific resistance ended up appealing to many a seaman who became convinced also. Numerous warring and fighting scenes constitute the ingredients for Lurting's plot development. And most especially the '...True Account of George Pattison's Being Taken by the Turks; and How Redeemed by [...], Without Bloodshed, Putting the Turks on Shoar in their Own Country....' Lurting makes of this episode the turning point around which he articulates his spiritual journey to illustrate the very Quaker ideal for an everlasting universal brotherhood and pacifism. Thomas Lurting was born in 1632, probably in Ireland. But he spent his childhood in London where at the age of fourteen he was impressed and forcefully taken to war in Ireland where he spent roughly two years. Upon his return to London, he was turned over into the Bristol Frigot, one of the war vessels belonging to Admiral Blake's fleet. On board this same ship he became convinced of the evils of war and decided to quit warring for the merchant service. He was however impressed many a times into the navy. He published his spiritual autobiography, The Fighting Sailor Turn'd Peaceable Christian. in 1710. Three years later, he passed away on the 30th March 1713, at the age of 81 in London and was laid to rest at Burmondsey. Translated and edited with introductory notes by William F. NDI, (Ph.D.) in Languages, Literatures, Contemporary and Translation Studies. Author of numerous articles and book chapters on early Quakerism and its influence on contemporary ideas and mentalities, world peace and politics, literature in general and the autobiographical and epistolary genres in particular. He has held teaching positions at the Paris school of languages, the University of Queensland, the University of the Sunshine Coast and currently teaches at Deakin University in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
This collection is produced by a trio which in reverse order recalls the trio Senghor, Csaire, Damas; one African and two Caribbeans who were flag bearer of a protest for the recognition of fundamental rights of which Blacks were deprived of. In the same vein, the Clervoyant, Ndi and Vakunta trio: a Caribbean and two Africans in a globalised world dissect and trace, through their poetry the horrible affliction of postcolonial pain Blacks suffer from in spite of the fight put up by their predecessors for the obtainment of fundamental human rights. For this trio, the black pen will continue to bleed until the pain is buried. That will be the only way for all from English speaking Cameroon to Haiti to lead a life worthy of its name.
Bi Tirga
(2011)
Leonard Bi Tirga, son of a poor peasant, is a studious pupil. Due to shortage of finances, he has to leave school to make ends meet and pursue his studies. Leonard becomes a sweatshop labourer. As a young labourer, his life like that of his peers is hard. The pay rate is low and the work is hard. With his friends, they engage in trade union activism. A series of complicated and trying events reinforces their conviction to militate. Thus, Leonard and his friend Camille become Union leaders. Leonard's character trait and uprightness explains the book title, Bi Tirga. In the Moore language, this means a well educated, honest, hardworking, courageous and well-behaved youth.
L'Evad de K... derives from a true story. The story begins with a flash back showing the hero in jail. Cegalo, an adolescent, lives in a difficult family. His father is a kind of headsman unable to educate his son. He strongly believes in the virtue of violence as a means of educating. The son ends up in delinquency. Robbery of tourists, especially white men is his favourite activity. After a hold-up, he is arrested and kept in custody. Unable to control him, the prison authorities decide to send him to the famous Prison of K...This prison is the most secure of the country and nobody has ever escaped from it. In order to survive, many prisoners are condemned to eat all that they can find, even mice. The law in that jungle is 'kill before you are killed'. During a nightmare, his late grandmother appears and orders him to return to his village. It's the beginning of a fantastic and dreadful adventure. He decides to escape from the Prison of K... He succeeds and after covering 300 km on foot, disguised as a mad man to avoid policemen. His aim is quite simple. He wants to return to jail in order to be judged normally, according to the new penal procedure code in force. He kidnaps the Senior Divisional Officer, the Attorney at law and the prison chief and returns to the cell. After the judgement, he is set free. He reconciles with his parents and above all finds Rosy, his childhood love.
Assessing the impact of twenty-five years of action to promote the discontinuation of female circumcision (FGM) in Francophone West Africa, should consider a key issue: the contribution of the digital revolution, and how young people - girls and boys - have been associated. As victims, subjects, objects, actors, citizens, leaders and family and community stakeholders, FGM is for them a matter of concern. Youth, ICTs and FGM reveal gender issues that must be transversally integrated in public, private, citizen and personal development policies. This is the main message of this book, which presents the results of an innovative action research conducted by ENDA Tiers Monde, with the participation of girls and boys in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. The study is in the French language.
We henceforth would open our eyes, as obscene dancers of moving kidneys, as songs burning with sexual aches, alarm bells in the stomach of emptiness, today constitute our revolution. For Ada Bessomo, Obili, a residential area in Yaounde, capital of Cameroon, is the epitome of bitterness itself. How does one, in such a context, reconcile self esteem, a recollection of better days and love for a country that flexes its muscles against your breath, almost as if to test your patience, to suffocate its very future?
(De)connexions identitaires hadjeray : Les enjeux des technologies de la communication au Tchad
(2013)
The recent history of Africa is characterised by the 'revolution' in information and communication technologies (ICT), specifically in the sector of mobile telephony, which reconsiders the challenges pertaining to identity in African societies. In this book, we follow the manifestation of such dynamic forces in the Hadjeray society in Guera, Tchad, a society that has suffered a history of political violence, mobility and failures. The study shows the role of the Chadian government in the implementation of ICT and explains how government logics have amplified. Through the analysis of the changes in the economic and social spheres, occurring due to mobile telephony, we discover the identity issues that are also informed by the feeling of fear, which is part of the Chadian history of violence. However, the ways in which the Hadjeray adopt this new technology also leave them with a means to escape the logic of violence and disruption. It is mostly a dynamic force that occurs amongst the youth who, by making use of mobile networks, discover another mode of identification, between the ethnic group and the more global identity, and find through it a political voice.
Armour Sucré
(2013)
Nerisha Yanee Dewoo writes in this book of poetry, her love for her people, love in its entire glory, Mauritian love...
The poems in this collection are a mirror reflecting the goings-on in the nooks and crannies of the Republic of Cameroon. Crafted in the lingo of the man in the street, these poems speak for the voiceless in Cameroon, for all those who live on the fringe of a rich Cameroonian society. The themes broached are numerous, namely the culture of impunity, the vicious cycle of corruption, abuse of power, influence peddling, rape of the constitution, electoral gerrymandering, and the ineptitude of national bourgeoisie to name but a few. In sum, Speak camfranglais pour un renouveau ongolais is a clarion call for a new deal in Cameroon.
La radicalisation est devenue un mot désignant notre monde en couleurs négatives. Ce livre cherche à comprendre ce que cest que la radicalisation au Sahel et aux Pays-Bas ? Est-elle seulement négative? Quelle diversité de processus sociaux et politiques se trouve derrière ce concept? Les biographies de personnes nous dévoilent les messages cachés dans ce genre de dynamiques. Y a-t-il au fond un désir de changement social? Autant de questions soulevées, traitées, (partiellement) répondues, et autant dautres que la lecture de ces recueils de textes aussi divers quintéressants, ne manqueront pas de susciter au lecteur contemporain.
Armee et politique au Niger
(2008)
Niger's political history has lacked a synthesis on the army's involvement in politics since independence. The country is a fertile ground for such analysis. Between 1964 and 1999, the country witnessed three successful military coups during the democratisation process (April 1974, January 1996, and April 1999) and at least four military coup attempts (1964, 1975, 1976, 1983). In its forty years of independence, Niger has been under military rule for twenty-one years. It has also experienced seven different institutional regimes while four out of the six presidents who headed the country were soldiers. Niger evolved from the Second to the Fifth Republic in less than ten years - from the national conference (November 1991) to the last military coup (April 1999). In statistical terms, Niger has been witnessing a military coup or a military coup attempt every five-years since 1974. In addition to that, the country recorded seven mutinies and various other forms of troop rebellion between December 1963 and August 2000. In terms of institutional instability, Niger's record is unparalleled in Africa. A study on the army is therefore more needed than ever before. The recurrence with which the military appears on the political scene imposes another way of looking at Niger's army. A critical analysis of the military phenomenon, if not an assessment, would help envisage new prospects for Niger's future. This work, which was undertaken by a multi disciplinary team, suggests an analysis, from a historical and sociological perspective, of the long-standing involvement of the army in politics (the apparition of war leaders in the 19th century, the transition from colonial army to national army, the politicisation of the army and the emergence of 'military-politicians', the army sociology.). It aims at providing an answer to a key question: Why is the army so deeply involved in politics in Niger? It reveals how a significant military component has been gradually built up in Niger's political arena to become a highly dynamic political entrepreneur, able to compete with civilian politicians. The work shows, on the one hand, the significance of socio-political and economic contexts that promote the propensity for military interventionism, and on the other hand the transformations within the army that explain its propensity to intervene. It relates two decades of 'military rule', analyses their modes of legitimating, organising and managing power, gives an assessment of their economic policies and sheds light on women's role in that institution, which was thus far a men's business.
The book highlights, the gradual change in the status of the land and relationships with land in Mali in general and in the Niger river basin in particular. It is suggested that despite these inevitable transformations, institutional reforms need to be measured. They must be done in a prudent, methodical way with patience and determination while taking into account certain realities to mitigate its impact on the rural populations.
This book discusses various issues related to university governance in Africa, with a specific focus on current dynamics. It provides an understanding of the changes in the governance structures of higher education institutions. The book will appeal to those who wish to transform Africa in the context of the knowledge economy.
When, why and how can religion and culture be both sources, and places of expression for fundamentalisms, particularly in relation to politics? Those are the central questions asked throughout this book alongside a discussion on the result when religion, strenthened by culture, is used as a political tool to access moral and social power. Cultural and religious messages often form the basis of decisions, laws and programs made in politics, and have a direct effect on society in general, and on women and gender relations in particular. The various forms taken by fundamentalisms in some African countries and the contexts under which they have emerged, the ways in which they (re)shape identities and relationships between men and women are also analysed in this book. These fundamentalisms are frequently sources of concern in social debates, in feminist and feminine organizations as well as in academia and politics. The manipulation of cultures and religions are becoming progressively political, and consequently can cause social discrimination, or even physical, moral, and symbolic violence.
Achieving a new integration of Africa into the world economy in the neoliberal era prompts discussion of the success and failure of economic policies undertaken so far in African countries; And how to address the factors that currently hamper Africa's development in a globalized economy. What does globalization mean for Africa? What changes does it imply? Which models of development impose, and under what conditions? A comprehension essay is presented in this book.
CODESRIA, UNFEMMES and UNESCO, partner in research, the results of which for Senegal are set out in this book. It has been found that, despite their demographic weight, women are still marginalized in key sectors of the economy. Compared to men, they are less educated (often for cultural reasons), less paid, more likely to work in the informal sector, with a higher level of vulnerability and vulnerability. Faced with neoliberal globalization, they are the greatest victims of economic, financial and political crises. At the sociopolitical level, they continue to be subjected to multiple and multifaceted violence and are still very little involved in making decisions governing their lives and their society. Moreover, the social division of labor in households reinforces, more than ever, the invisibility of the tasks linked to their role of reproduction.
To claim its culture, to demand its right to cultural diversity or to proclaim its belonging to a group of believers and to seize the flag of that belief in order to perpetrate actions that are then called 'holy', to terrorize others by imposing their vision Of things and its law, are undoubtedly two of the most worrying features of the entry of our societies in the twenty-first century which is beginning. This is why the texts gathered here have been judged to be appropriate, to open a serious and methodical reflection on religion and culture in Africa at the threshold of the 21st century. The contributions gathered in this volume are opened by an interrogation and, rather than closed, end with an opening on research horizons. There is something here to open up and nourish the inquiries which alone or in structured groups the specialists in the sciences of man are invited to imagine and lead on the religion and culture of Africa today.
This multidisciplinary work shows the movement today of academic research in social sciences in Senegal.
The struggle for independence and the unity of African countries was at its peak during the period between 1945 and 1960. These testing times turned out to be the formative years of the young Amady Aly Dieng, and set the stage for an eventful life of commitment and challenges of all sorts for someone who ? along with other young African students, many of whom later became leaders of their respective countries ? integrated the leadership of student organizations in France, honing his militant skills at the forefront of the intellectual and political struggle for independence and the unity of the nascent sovereign nations. Amady Aly Dieng?s memoirs are primarily meant to inspire young Africans toward taking action towards true independence and development. These memoirs reflect the historic evolution of youth militancy in Africa and are to serve as an inspiration to leaders of Africa today and tomorrow.
The advent of formal independence in former French colonies in Black Africa meant the dawn of a new era: the struggle against neocolonialism. African students rallying around this struggle became new strangers and targets for expulsion out of France. The French government of the time resorted, therefore, to massive expulsions against their labour and political organizations. The implementation in 1956 of the Loi-cadre Gaston Defferre ? meant to divide up Black Africa under French dominion ? and the ensuing explosion of the two great AOF and AEF federations along with the cancellation of scholarship federal commissions will considerably weaken the Fédération des étudiants d?Afrique noire en France (FEANF) [African Student Federation in France] in favour of territorial sections. This meant that African governments were to take charge of their own students. In turn, the former used their embassies and scholarship territorial commissions to squelch those student organizations that were hostile to their collaboration with the French authorities. Among the repressive strategies were the cancellation of scholarships and grants to hotels and residences that were reserved for their students (La Maison de la Côte d?Ivoire, du Gabon, de la Haute Volta, du Congo, d?AOF), the creation of pro-government associations such as that of the Senegalese Progressive Union (UPS), the Student Movement for the African and Malagasy Organization (MEOCAM), and the National Union for Students of Côte d?Ivoire (UNECI). This marked the beginning of the decline of the Fédération des étudiants d?Afrique noire en France (FEANF). The worm had entered the fruit of unity with the implementation of the Loi-cadre.