Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (758) (remove)
Language
- English (758) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (758)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (758) (remove)
Keywords
- crystal structure (37)
- hydrogen bonding (11)
- NMR spectroscopy (7)
- structural biology (7)
- RNA (6)
- rna (6)
- Bioenergetics (5)
- Membrane proteins (5)
- NMR (5)
- Optogenetics (5)
- Research article (5)
- Streptomyces hydrogenans (5)
- Super-resolution microscopy (5)
- X-ray crystallography (5)
- p63 (5)
- Biochemistry (4)
- Biophysical chemistry (4)
- Cell biology (4)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (4)
- Kinetics (4)
- Phosphorylation (4)
- Solution-state NMR (4)
- TATD (4)
- antibiotic resistance (4)
- biophysics (4)
- environmental tobacco smoke (4)
- inflammation (4)
- membrane proteins (4)
- mitochondria (4)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (4)
- particulate matter (4)
- quality control (4)
- ABC Transporter (3)
- ATPases (3)
- Antigen Processing (3)
- Electron Transfer (3)
- Enzyme mechanisms (3)
- Kinases (3)
- Membrane protein (3)
- PELDOR (3)
- Protein folding (3)
- Quinones (3)
- Schiff bases (3)
- X-ray powder diffraction (3)
- allostery (3)
- apoptosis (3)
- base pairing (3)
- benzoxazines (3)
- co-crystalline adducts (3)
- cytotoxicity (3)
- membrane protein (3)
- membrane transport (3)
- phenolic resins (3)
- polymorphism (3)
- solid-state NMR (3)
- ubiquitin (3)
- 2-aminobenzimidazole (2)
- 20β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (2)
- 5-lipoxygenase (2)
- ABC transporters (2)
- AEC syndrome (2)
- Acridine Orange (2)
- Atomic force microscopy (2)
- Biocatalysis (2)
- Biophysics and structural biology (2)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (2)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- Cell membranes (2)
- Crystal Structure (2)
- Cytochrome Oxidase (2)
- E. coli (2)
- EPR (2)
- ESR Spectra (2)
- Enzyme Induction (2)
- Esters (2)
- G protein-coupled receptors (2)
- G-quadruplexes (2)
- Green chemistry (2)
- Heme (2)
- IAPs (2)
- Ion transport (2)
- LILBID-MS (2)
- Luciferase (2)
- Lysozyme (2)
- MET receptor (2)
- MHC (2)
- MO Calculations (2)
- Membrane (2)
- Membrane biophysics (2)
- Membrane potential (2)
- Metabolic engineering (2)
- Mitophagy (2)
- Molecular biology (2)
- Molecular conformation (2)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2)
- NHC (2)
- Nanodisc (2)
- Nanoscale biophysics (2)
- Organic electrochemistry (2)
- Permeation and transport (2)
- Photodynamic Effect (2)
- Photosynthesis (2)
- Photosystem II (2)
- Semiquinone (2)
- Silicon (2)
- Single-molecule biophysics (2)
- Singlet Oxygen (2)
- Solid-state NMR (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Target validation (2)
- Transport (2)
- Trifluoromethylation (2)
- Virtual Screening (2)
- X-ray (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- XIAP (2)
- additives (2)
- adenine (2)
- aminal structure (2)
- antibiotics (2)
- antigen presentation (2)
- autophagy (2)
- biochemistry (2)
- co-crystalline adduct (2)
- cryo-EM (2)
- deubiquitinase (DUB) (2)
- dynamics (2)
- electron cryo-microscopy (2)
- electrophysiology (2)
- guanidine analogs (2)
- halogen bonding (2)
- helix (snails) (2)
- hydrogen bond (2)
- hydrogen bonds (2)
- intrinsically disordered protein (2)
- kinetics (2)
- leukotriene (2)
- macrophage (2)
- membrane protein complex (2)
- metabolism (2)
- microbial rhodopsin (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- multienzyme (2)
- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2)
- oligonucleotides (2)
- peptide-loading complex (2)
- phage display (2)
- photopharmacology (2)
- pore-forming toxin (2)
- protein denaturation (2)
- proteins (2)
- pseudosymmetry (2)
- radiation-induced nanostructures (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- secondary transport (2)
- short contacts (2)
- solvate (2)
- structure elucidation (2)
- subtomogram averaging (2)
- transcriptional regulation (2)
- tryptophan (2)
- yeast (2)
- (2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl (1)
- (novel) brominated flame retardants ((N)BFR) (1)
- 1,2,3 triazole (1)
- 1,2,3-Triazoles (1)
- 1,2,3-bis-triazoles (1)
- 1,2,3-triazole-acyclonucleosides (1)
- 1,2,4-thiadiazoles (1)
- 1,2-D ioxetanes (1)
- 1,3-bis(2,6-di-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (1)
- 1,3-diazinane (1)
- 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1)
- 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)thiourea (1)
- 1-octanol (1)
- 14C-Labeled Terpenoids (1)
- 1H NMR; Conformational Properties (1)
- 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- 20 β-Activity (1)
- 3,17 β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1)
- 3,30′-ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1)
- 3,4-Benzopyrene (1)
- 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (1)
- 3D EM (1)
- 3D reconstruction and image processing (1)
- 3´-5´ phosphodiesterases (1)
- 4,4’-Disubstituted 2,2’-Bipyridines (1)
- 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (1)
- 5-Hydroxyaloin A (1)
- 9-aminoacridine (1)
- ABC proteins (1)
- ABC transporter (1)
- ACPM (1)
- AML – acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- APM (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATP-citrate lyase (1)
- Acidic Amino Acids (1)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (1)
- Adenocarcinoma (1)
- Adherens junctions (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Affinity Chromatography (1)
- Affinity Labeling (1)
- Aiolochroia crassa (1)
- Alcohols (1)
- Aldehydes (1)
- Alkylating Agents (1)
- Aloe (1)
- Alveolar macrophages (1)
- Ammonium Chloride (1)
- Amyloid proteins (1)
- Androst-4-en-3,17-dione (1)
- Anion and Zwitterion Transport (1)
- Anionic boranes (1)
- Anodic oxidation (1)
- Antibiotic Resistance (1)
- Antigens (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Applied microbiology (1)
- Aquaporin (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Archaebacterial Lipids (1)
- Archebacterial Lipids (1)
- Arduengo-type carbene (1)
- Asphodelaceae (1)
- Asymmetric Catalysis (1)
- Attenuated Total Reflection (1)
- Autophagy (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B-factor (1)
- B. subtilis (1)
- BET inhibitor (1)
- BET inhibitors (1)
- BPTI (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacterial Protein Kinases (1)
- Bacterial Protein Phosphatases (1)
- Bacterial genomics (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Bacteriophages (1)
- Base Catalysis (1)
- Beer (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biochemistry and chemical biology (1)
- Biofuel (1)
- Biopolymers in vivo (1)
- Biotin (1)
- Biradicals (1)
- Bis-azido-NAD+ Analog (1)
- Bisamidines (1)
- Bolhmann bands (1)
- Bradyrhizobium (1)
- Brownian dynamics simulation (1)
- Brønsted Acid (1)
- Brønsted base (1)
- C-H...Br hydrogen bond (1)
- C-H...O interactions (1)
- C-H...O interactions (1)
- C-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- C-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- C-mannosylation (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- CCR5 (1)
- CD4 binding site (1)
- CD44s (1)
- CD44v6 (1)
- CDC-42 (1)
- CEP-1 (1)
- CEP68 (1)
- CNN (1)
- CUE domain (1)
- CV9202 (1)
- CXCR4 (1)
- CaChR1 (1)
- Calycotome villosa (Poiret) Link Subsp. Intermedia (1)
- Cancer epidemiology (1)
- Caprylic acid (1)
- Carbene Complexes (1)
- Carbonates (1)
- Carboxylic acid reductase (1)
- Cas9 inhibitor (1)
- Cation Proton Antiporter (1)
- Cation/proton antiport (1)
- Cell Death Program (1)
- Cell Motility (1)
- Cell Surface Receptor (1)
- Cell signalling (1)
- Cell-free synthetic biology (1)
- Cellular Immune Response (1)
- Cezanne (1)
- Channelrhodopsin (1)
- CheF (1)
- CheY (1)
- Chelated Pentacoordinated Silicon (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemometry (1)
- Chemotaxonomy (1)
- Chlorophyll-a (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Coenzyme Analogue (1)
- Coenzyme Binding (1)
- Cofactors (biochemistry) (1)
- Complex Formation (1)
- Compound Database (1)
- Computation (1)
- Computational Biology (1)
- Computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- Computational chemistry (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Conformational State (1)
- Conformational trapping (1)
- Constrained posture (1)
- Coordinative Bonding (1)
- Cornea (1)
- Correlative electron and light microscopy (1)
- Coxsackievirus B3 (1)
- Cross-linking (1)
- Cryo-EM (1)
- Cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- Crystal and Molecular Structure (1)
- Cuela (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- Cyclic Organosulfides (1)
- Cyclophosphamide (1)
- Cytochrome c Oxidase (1)
- Cytological techniques (1)
- Cytostatic Agents (1)
- C— H interactions (1)
- C— HCl contacts (1)
- C—H...π interactions (1)
- C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- C—H⋯π interactions (1)
- C−H···F (1)
- DEER (1)
- DFT (1)
- DIPSHIFT (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA nanopores (1)
- DNA nanostructures (1)
- DNA-LNA mixmers (1)
- DNA-PAINT (1)
- DNA-ligand complexes (1)
- DNA/LNA mixmers (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dehydrogenases (1)
- Delayed Light Emission (1)
- Dentist (1)
- Depolarization (1)
- Dermatitis (1)
- Detergents (1)
- DgkA (1)
- Diastereomeric Camphanoates (1)
- Dicer (1)
- Dictyostelium (1)
- Diels- Alder reaction (1)
- Differential Thermoanalysis (1)
- Differential equations (1)
- Dihydroquinolin-4-ones (1)
- Diisobutylaluminum Hydride (1)
- Dimerization (1)
- Dimethyl maleic anhydride (1)
- Dioxetanes (1)
- Direct carbon (1)
- Disease burden (1)
- Distance averaging (1)
- Drift correction (1)
- Drug Resistance (1)
- Dynamic covalent chemistry (1)
- Dynamic networks (1)
- E. colo (1)
- E3 ligase (1)
- EDTA (1)
- EEC syndrome (1)
- EIGER detector (1)
- EPR of Copper (II) Complexes with Membrane Proteins (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- ERAD (1)
- ESR Spectroscopy (1)
- EcNhaA (1)
- Echtzeit-NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Effect of Copper (II) (1)
- Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electron transfer (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Enantiospecific GC-Analysis (1)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- Enzymatic decomposition (1)
- Enzyme-linked immunoassays (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Eph receptors (1)
- Ephrin ligand (1)
- Epoxides (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Eukaryota (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Evolution/Protein (1)
- Exchange PAINT (1)
- Eyes (1)
- FF-ATP synthase dimer (1)
- FGFR (1)
- FIH1 (1)
- Fatty acid synthase (1)
- Fatty alcohol (1)
- Flavin (1)
- Flavin-binding Protein (1)
- Flavoproteins (1)
- Flightless-I (1)
- Flow chemistry (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Funding (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G quadruplex helicase RHAU (1)
- GCN (1)
- Gating (1)
- Gaussian Process (1)
- Gene Regulation (1)
- Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate (1)
- Germane (1)
- Germoxane (1)
- Get Pathway (1)
- Gram‐negative (1)
- Grignard Reagents (1)
- Grignard reagent (1)
- Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (1)
- Guanosine triphosphatase (1)
- H3 receptor (1)
- HCV (1)
- HDAC inhibitor (1)
- HGF (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HLA class I (1)
- HOX gene (1)
- Halobacillus halophilus (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halogenobenzimidazoles (1)
- Halve-wave-potentials (1)
- Helicobacter pylori (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Huisgen cycloaddition (1)
- Hydroquinone (1)
- Hypersensitive Reaction (1)
- I50 Value (1)
- IN-VIVO (1)
- Identical Topology (1)
- Immunodiffusion (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- In vitro selection (1)
- Incidence (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Infrared Raman (1)
- Infrared Spectra (1)
- Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Transport (1)
- Internal motion (1)
- Internal ribosome entry site (1)
- Intracellular Trafficking (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ion source (1)
- Ionization State (1)
- Isoxazoline Alkaloids (1)
- Kabachnik–Fields reaction (1)
- Kaurene (1)
- Kinase (1)
- Kinematic analysis (1)
- Kinetics of the Back Reaction (1)
- LAMTOR1 (1)
- LILBID (1)
- LIR interaction, (1)
- LOCKED NUCLEIC-ACID (1)
- LYR motif (1)
- LYR proteins (1)
- LYRM (1)
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (1)
- Langlois reagent (1)
- Larvae (1)
- Lead Structure (1)
- Lewis Acid Base Interactions (1)
- Lewis acids (1)
- Library screening (1)
- Ligand-gated ion channel (1)
- Light (1)
- Light pulses (1)
- Lipid Organization (1)
- Liposomes (1)
- Low Molecular Weight PTP (1)
- Luminescence Spectra Flash Photolysis (1)
- MAMMALIAN-CELLS (1)
- MLL1/2 (1)
- MODIFIED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (1)
- MYC (1)
- Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Malate Dehydrogenases (1)
- Manganese Binding Sites (1)
- Mannich-type bases (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Md simulations (1)
- MdfA (1)
- Membrane Protein (1)
- Membrane Transport (1)
- Membrane protein complex (1)
- Membrane transport (1)
- Membrane-Phloretin Interaction (1)
- Membrane/Proteins (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Met (1)
- Metabolite Transport (1)
- Metalloenzymes (1)
- Metalloproteins (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methylmercury Containing Inactivator (1)
- Millisecond Luminescence of Chloroplasts (1)
- Mitochondrial proteins (1)
- Mixed Lipid Phases (1)
- MjNhaP1 (1)
- Mn(III)-Chlorin (1)
- Molecular Physiology of the Cell Membrane (1)
- Molecular Weight (1)
- Molecular chaperones (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Molecular structure (1)
- Monomers (1)
- Monomolecular Films (1)
- Motor neurons (1)
- MptpA (1)
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (1)
- Multidrug Transporters (1)
- Multiple Kernel (1)
- Multiple Transport Systems (1)
- Multivariate Analysis (1)
- Muscle contraction (1)
- Muscle electrophysiology (1)
- Muscle fibers (1)
- Musculoskeletal disorder (1)
- N,O Ligands (1)
- N-Heterocycles (1)
- N-Triflyl Phosphoramide (1)
- N5 -methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin: coenzyme M methyltransferase (1)
- NACI (1)
- NAD + Analogues (1)
- NAD+-Analogs (1)
- NADP+ Analogues (1)
- NADPH oxidase (1)
- NAD⊕-Isomer (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NASH (1)
- NBO analysis (1)
- NF-kappaB (1)
- NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- NMR crystallography (1)
- NMR spectrum (1)
- NMR structure determination (1)
- NOE (1)
- NOTCH (1)
- Na+ transport (1)
- Naja naja atra (1)
- Nanobody (1)
- Nanomedicine (1)
- Nascent RNA (1)
- Native mass spectrometry (1)
- Nerolidol (1)
- Nerve fibers (1)
- Neural pathways (1)
- Neurospora crassa (1)
- NhaA (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Nitro Compounds (1)
- Nitrosative Stress (1)
- Nitroso Compounds (1)
- Non-covalent mass spectrometry (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Nuclear Overhauser effect (1)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- Nucleoside Triphosphates (1)
- N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (1)
- O-H...[pi] interactions (1)
- OD approach (1)
- OH Radical (1)
- OTU domain-containing protein 7B (OTUD7B) (1)
- OXPHOS complexes (1)
- Octanoic acid (1)
- Olfactoric Properties (1)
- Oligomeric State (1)
- Oligomers (1)
- One-Electron Oxidation (1)
- Opacity (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical lenses (1)
- Optical tweezers (1)
- Organelle (1)
- Organoboranes (1)
- Organocatalysis (1)
- Osmoregulation (1)
- Oxidoreductases (1)
- P4 (1)
- PABP (1)
- PALM (1)
- PAR complex (1)
- PASSENGER-STRAND (1)
- PDZ domain (1)
- PE Spectra (1)
- PELDOR/DEER (1)
- PIDDosome (1)
- PPARγ (1)
- PROTAC (1)
- Pairwise Sequence Alignment (1)
- Palladium (1)
- Paracoccus denitrificans (1)
- Parasite immune evasion (1)
- Parasitic infection (1)
- Parkinson disease (1)
- Peak overlap (1)
- Peak picking (1)
- Peptides (1)
- Personalisierte Medizin (1)
- Phage display (1)
- Pharmacodynamics (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Phosphoramide mustard (1)
- Photoaffinity Labeling (1)
- Photobiology (1)
- Photodecom position (1)
- Photoelectron (1)
- Photofragmentations (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Photoreduction (1)
- Phvtoene Desaturase (1)
- Phvtofluene (1)
- Phytoene (1)
- Pigment Yellow 181 (1)
- Plasmid mapping (1)
- Platelet physiology (1)
- Polarography (1)
- Polyamides (1)
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1)
- Polymerization (Polymers) (1)
- Polymorphs (1)
- Polypharmacology (1)
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid mediators (1)
- Potassium channels (1)
- Potassium transport (1)
- Primary hemostasis (1)
- Primary metabolites (1)
- Programme Cell Death (1)
- Proteases (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Protein Domains (1)
- Protein Dynamics (1)
- Protein Structure (1)
- Protein Structure and Dynamics (1)
- Protein design (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein translation (1)
- Protein/Sorting (1)
- Protein/Targeting (1)
- Protein/Translocation (1)
- Proteins (1)
- Proteolysis (1)
- Proteostasis (1)
- Proton Transfer (1)
- Proton Transfer Kinetics (1)
- Proton Transport (1)
- Proton pumping (1)
- Psoriasis (1)
- PtkA (1)
- Pulsed epr (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quinhydrone (1)
- RNA hairpin (1)
- RNA in zebrafish brain (1)
- RNA induced silencing complex (1)
- RNA jepit rambut (1)
- RNA processing (1)
- RNA recognition (1)
- RNA recognition motif (1)
- RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) (1)
- RNA stability (1)
- RNA stem-loop structure (1)
- RNA-protein complex (RNP) (1)
- RNASolution-state NMR (1)
- RNActive (1)
- RND (1)
- RNP dynamics (1)
- RRM domain (1)
- RXRα (1)
- Rab7 (1)
- Rac1 (1)
- Radical Complexes (1)
- Ragulator complex (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Rap1 (1)
- Reaction Kinetics (1)
- Reaction products (1)
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (1)
- Reconstitution of Membrane Transporters (1)
- Redox-linked Proton Pump (1)
- Redoxactive Ligands (1)
- Registration (1)
- Research trends (1)
- Resonance Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Resonance assignment (1)
- Reticulon (1)
- Retinal (1)
- RhoA (1)
- RhoGTPases (1)
- Ribonucleosides (1)
- Ribosome (1)
- Ribosome display (1)
- Rieske domains (1)
- Rpo4/7 (1)
- Rtn3 (1)
- S. Cerevisiae (1)
- SAP domain (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEC-MALS (1)
- SF3b145 (1)
- SF3b49 (1)
- SILAC-based proteomics (1)
- SMALL INTERFERING RNA (1)
- SSR128129E (1)
- STED superresolution (1)
- STRUCTURAL BASIS (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Salicylic Acid (1)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (1)
- Salmonella typhimurium (1)
- Salmonella-induced filaments (1)
- Scribble (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Selective autophagy (1)
- Separation of ADP-Binding Enzymes (1)
- Shine-Dalgarno (1)
- Short-chain fatty acids (1)
- Signal Transduction (1)
- Signal processing (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Silanide (1)
- Silver (1)
- Single molecule force spectroscopy (1)
- Single-molecule localization microscopy (1)
- Single-molecule photobleaching (1)
- Sinorhizobium fredii (1)
- Small molecules (1)
- Sodium Proton Exchange (1)
- Solid Supported Membrane (1)
- Solid supported membrane (1)
- Soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- Soluble gp140 Env (1)
- Soluble proteins (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Soybean (1)
- Specific Synthesis (1)
- Spectra (1)
- Sponges (1)
- Spontaneous Reduction of Mn(IV)-chlorin (1)
- Squalene (1)
- Sr2CO4 (1)
- SseJ (1)
- Ste2p (1)
- Stem-cell differentiation (1)
- Sterols (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Stress response (1)
- Structural and Conformational Changes (1)
- Structural biology (1)
- Structural biology and molecular biophysics (1)
- Structure Elucidation (1)
- Subcellular Organelles (1)
- Substituents (1)
- Subvalent compounds (1)
- Sulfhydryl Groups (1)
- Sulfur-nitrogen Ring Systems (1)
- Sumoylation (1)
- Supersilyl (1)
- Support Vector Regression (1)
- Support Vector Regression Model (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic methods (1)
- TAPL (1)
- TATU (1)
- TBMP (1)
- TEMPO (1)
- TLS refinement (1)
- Tail-anchored Proteins (1)
- Targeted drug delivery (1)
- Testosterone (1)
- TetR family (1)
- Tetraether Lipids (1)
- Tetrastigma voinierianum (1)
- Thalassiosira Pseudonana (1)
- Thermal motion (1)
- Thermoplasma acidophilum Membranes (1)
- Thermoplasma acidophilum Membranes; Tetraetherlipids (1)
- Thienylidene Complexes (1)
- Thiocarbonates (1)
- Time-resolved Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- TolC (1)
- Tools and resources (1)
- Tools and ressources (1)
- Topology (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Translation initiation (1)
- Transporter (1)
- Transporters (1)
- Tridentate Ligands (1)
- Triel (1)
- Trifluoromethoxy groups (1)
- Tuberculosis (1)
- U2 snRNP (1)
- UBA domain (1)
- UBA5 (1)
- UFC1 (1)
- UFM1 (1)
- USP28 (1)
- USP32 (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Ubiquitination (1)
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy (1)
- Umpolung (1)
- V3 loop (1)
- VEGF (1)
- Ventricular tachycardia (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Viral Immunology (1)
- Virtual drug screening (1)
- Visual acuity (1)
- Visual impairments (1)
- Volmer–Weber growth (1)
- WL110547 (1)
- Wang resin (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Wnt (1)
- X-Ray Crystallography (1)
- X-Ray Structure (1)
- X-Ray Structure Analysis (1)
- X-ray Crystallography (1)
- X-ray crystal structure determination (1)
- X-ray detectors (1)
- XRPD (1)
- X‐ray diffraction (1)
- Y10B (1)
- Yarrowia lipolytica F1Fo-ATP synthase (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Zellstudien (1)
- Zinc (1)
- [pi]-[pi] interaction (1)
- a-proteobacteria (1)
- abnormality detection (1)
- absolute configuration (1)
- acetyl-CoA (1)
- acridine orange (1)
- actomyosin (1)
- adaptive immunity (1)
- aggregation (1)
- air pollution (1)
- airborne bacteria (1)
- alanylphenylalanyl derivative (1)
- alkali and alkaline earth metal salts (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- alkylation (1)
- all-optical electrophysiology (1)
- allergy (1)
- allosteric coupling (1)
- alpha toxin (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amoeboid (1)
- amorphous stability (1)
- amphipols (1)
- anaerobic energy metabolism (1)
- analysis (1)
- anthrone (1)
- antibacterial activities (1)
- antibiotic transporters (1)
- anticoagulants (1)
- anticonvulsant activity (1)
- antigen processing (1)
- archaellum (1)
- argonaute protein (1)
- aromatics (1)
- artificial ribonuclease (1)
- asthma (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- atopy (1)
- auto-inhibition (1)
- automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (1)
- automation (1)
- aza-Michael Addition (1)
- azo compounds (1)
- bacterial resistance mechanisms (1)
- beam-induced movement (1)
- benzoxazine (1)
- binding affinity (1)
- binding sites (1)
- bioenergetics (1)
- biological chemistry (1)
- biological macromolecules (1)
- biological models (1)
- biophysical investigation (1)
- biophysics and structural biology (1)
- biosenors (1)
- biotin (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- borane (1)
- bromodomain (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cIAP1 (1)
- cIAP1 BIR (1)
- caged ATP (1)
- caged diacylglycerol (1)
- cancer (1)
- car indoor (1)
- carbodiimide (1)
- carbon and proton assignments (1)
- carbon oxides (COx) (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- caspase-2 (1)
- catabolism (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell proliferation (1)
- cell studies (1)
- cell-free expression (1)
- cellular rosette (1)
- cellular self-organization (1)
- centrosome (1)
- centrosome linker (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- chemical signaling (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- chemical vapour deposition (1)
- chemical-induced proximity (1)
- chemotaxis (1)
- chloroplast membrane proteins (1)
- chlorosilane (1)
- cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chromatin remodeling (1)
- chronic myeloid leukemia (1)
- chymotrypsin inhibitor (1)
- cigarette strength (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- cis`-Phytoene (1)
- citrate transport (1)
- clathrin heavy chains (1)
- cleavage of large RNA molecules (1)
- cleavage site selection (1)
- click azide-alkyne (1)
- co-crystal (1)
- coagulation process (1)
- cocrystalline adducts (1)
- cocrystals (1)
- cofactor recruitment (1)
- collagen VI (1)
- colorectal cancer (1)
- colorimetric signals (1)
- combinatorial biosynthesis (1)
- combined therapy (1)
- compatible solutes (1)
- complex III2 (1)
- complex structure (1)
- complexity (1)
- computational modeling (1)
- conformation analysis (1)
- conformational changes (1)
- conformational dynamics (1)
- conformational flexibility (1)
- conformational heterogeneity (1)
- conformational space (1)
- cooperativity (1)
- correlated dynamics (1)
- correlations (1)
- cortical flow (1)
- costimulation (1)
- coumarin-4-ylmethyl (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryo-electron tomography (1)
- cryoEM (1)
- cryoelectron microscopy (1)
- cryoem (1)
- cryoet (1)
- crystal engineering (1)
- crystal structure determination (1)
- cupriavidus necator (1)
- cyclization (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- cytarabin (1)
- cytochrome c oxidase (1)
- cytochromes (1)
- dNTP hydrolysis (1)
- dNTP pool sanitizing enzymes (1)
- dNTPase inhibitor (1)
- dSTORM (1)
- data-collection strategy (1)
- decachlorocyclopentasilanes (1)
- denisovite (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- designed multitarget ligands (1)
- detection (1)
- deubiquitylation (deubiquitination) (1)
- development (1)
- devitrification (1)
- diMannich base (1)
- diagnostic radiologic examination (1)
- diffusion dynamics (1)
- digital twin (1)
- disorder (1)
- dispersion-corrected density functional theory (1)
- disulfide bond isomerization (1)
- dithiourea (1)
- divalent metal ions (1)
- dna (1)
- docking domains (1)
- domino reactions (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug target (1)
- dsRNA (1)
- dual BET/HDAC inhibitor (1)
- dual nucleic acid binding (1)
- dye labeling (1)
- dynein (1)
- efflux pumps (1)
- eicosanoid (1)
- electrochemical CO2 reduction (1)
- electrochromic FRET (1)
- electron cryo-microscopy (cryoem) (1)
- electron cryo-tomography (cryoet) (1)
- electron cryomicroscopy (1)
- electron cryotomography (1)
- electron crystallography (1)
- electron diffraction tomography (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- electron-beam lithography (1)
- embryologic development (1)
- enamides (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- endophilin (1)
- endosomal tubulation (1)
- enhancer (1)
- entropy (1)
- envelope membrane proteome approach comparison (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eph receptor tyrosin kinase family (1)
- ephrins (1)
- epidermis (1)
- epigenetic (1)
- exact NOE (1)
- excitation transport (1)
- f-MLF (1)
- fatty acid synthases (1)
- fatty acid synthesis (1)
- fatty-acid synthase (1)
- fatty-acid synthesis (1)
- fertility (1)
- fibrous materials (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence dye (1)
- fluorescent proteins (1)
- folding (1)
- formate (1)
- formylation (1)
- framework-structured solids (1)
- fungi (1)
- fusion (1)
- gait adaptation (1)
- gastric cancer (1)
- gastrulation (1)
- gene expression regulation (1)
- genetic analysis (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- genome editing (1)
- glass forming ability (1)
- glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (1)
- glutamine synthetase (1)
- glycoproteins (1)
- gold (1)
- graphene (1)
- guanosine (1)
- halophile (1)
- heart (1)
- heterodimer (1)
- heterologous expression (1)
- heteronuclear detection (1)
- hexahydropyrimidine (1)
- hexahydropyrimidine (1)
- high molecular weight plasticizer (1)
- high pressure (1)
- histamine (1)
- histone acetylation (1)
- homodimer (1)
- homogeneous time-resolved FRET (HTRF) (1)
- hotmelt extrusion (1)
- hotochromism (1)
- humectant agents (1)
- hydrate (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hydroxynaphthoquinone (1)
- hyperconjugation (1)
- hyperconjugative interaction (1)
- imadazolidine (1)
- imidazole (1)
- imidazolidine (1)
- immunity (1)
- in-cabin exposure (1)
- in-vitro Assay (1)
- inhibition (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- inhibitor design (1)
- inhibitors (1)
- inner membrane morphology (1)
- inorganic materials (1)
- inositol (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- interaction network (1)
- interdomain signal transmission (1)
- internalin B (1)
- intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- intramolecular hydrogen bond (1)
- inverse-sandwich complex (1)
- iodine (1)
- ion translocation (1)
- ion treatment (1)
- ions (1)
- iron-sulfur proteins (1)
- irradiation-promoted exchange reaction (1)
- irrigation (1)
- isilane cleavage (1)
- isomeric antagonists (1)
- isomerization mechanisms (1)
- isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) (1)
- isotope labeling (1)
- jumping crystals (1)
- kinesin (1)
- kinetic resolution (1)
- kinetically trapped state (1)
- lantibiotic (1)
- large functional RNAs (1)
- layer-by-layer (LbL) (1)
- leaf patch clamp pressure (1)
- leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction (1)
- liana (1)
- ligand binding (1)
- ligands (1)
- light harvesting networks (1)
- light-gated ion channel (1)
- light–energy conversion (1)
- lipase (1)
- lipoic acid (6,8-dithio-octanoic acid) (1)
- lipoprotein (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- lithium chloride (1)
- lithium hydride (1)
- local radiotherapy (1)
- locked nucleic acids (1)
- locomotion (1)
- lysozyme (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mRNA translation (1)
- mRNA vaccine (1)
- mTORC1 (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macromolecular complexes (1)
- macromolecular crystallography (1)
- macrophage polarization (1)
- macrophages (1)
- magic angle spinning (1)
- magic-angle spinning (1)
- major facilitator superfamily (1)
- mammals (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- maternal tobacco smoke (1)
- matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1)
- md simulations (1)
- mechanochemical synthesis (1)
- mechanochemistry (1)
- megasynthases (1)
- melting point (1)
- membrane curvature (1)
- membrane pore (1)
- membrane proteome (1)
- menthol (1)
- mesenchymal (1)
- mesopore (1)
- mesoporous silica (1)
- messenger (1)
- meta-stable structures (1)
- metabolic enzyme engineering (1)
- metabolic reprogramming (1)
- metal-ion translocation (1)
- metals (1)
- metal–organic frameworks (1)
- metastases (1)
- methylene derivatives (1)
- miRNA (1)
- mice (1)
- microbial electrosynthesis (1)
- microbiology and infectious disease (1)
- microcontact printing (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- migration (1)
- minerals (1)
- mitochondrial acyl-carrier protein (1)
- mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis type II (1)
- mitogenic effects (1)
- mobile air quality study (1)
- modularity (1)
- modularity of megasynthases (1)
- molecular conformation (1)
- molecular machines (1)
- molecular motors (1)
- molecular tug-of-war (1)
- molecular co-crystal (1)
- monosilanes (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-drug-resistant pathogens (1)
- multi-network (1)
- multidomain protein (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multidrug transport (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multiplexing (1)
- muscle activity (1)
- muscular dystrophies (1)
- musculoskeletal radiographs (1)
- mycolic acid (1)
- nESI (1)
- nanocrystalline materials (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanoscience (1)
- nanostructure (1)
- negative-stain electron microscopy (1)
- neuromuscular (1)
- neuronal RNA (1)
- neuronal synapse (1)
- neurons (1)
- newly synthesized RNA (1)
- nisin binding (1)
- nitrogen oxides (NOx) (1)
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (1)
- non-conventional hydrogen bonds (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-uniform sampling 2 (1)
- noncovalent interactions (1)
- nor-N-mustard (1)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (1)
- nuclear matrix (1)
- nuclear receptor (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nucleotides (1)
- oligonucleotide (1)
- oligosilanes (1)
- oocyte death (1)
- oocytes (1)
- open quantum systems (1)
- open structure (1)
- open-cube cluster (1)
- optogenetic stimulation (1)
- organic pigment (1)
- organic synthesis (1)
- organic thin films (1)
- organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) (1)
- orthocarbonates (1)
- osmoregulation (1)
- overview (1)
- oxazine (1)
- oxidases (1)
- oxylipin (1)
- p-hydroxyphenacyl (1)
- p53 family (1)
- p73 (1)
- pH Indicator Dye (1)
- pH Regulation (1)
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (1)
- paramagnetic effects (1)
- particle size distribution (1)
- particulate matter (PM) (1)
- passive smoke (1)
- patterning (1)
- pearling transition (1)
- peptide editing (1)
- peptides (1)
- perlakuan ion (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phase-shift (1)
- phenylsilane (1)
- phosphate homeostasis (1)
- phosphate translocation mechanism (1)
- phosphate transport regulation (1)
- phosphate transporter (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photoacid generator (1)
- photochromism (1)
- photodynamic effect (1)
- photoelectron spectra (1)
- photolabile protection (1)
- photolysis (1)
- photooxidation (1)
- photoswitchable organic fluorophores (1)
- photoswitches (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- planar polarity (1)
- plant proteomics (1)
- plant symbioses (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- plasticity (1)
- polyhydroxy (1)
- polyketide synthase (1)
- polyketide synthases (1)
- polynaphthoxazine materials (1)
- polysilane (1)
- polytypism (1)
- portable electronic nose (1)
- posttranslational modification (PTM) (1)
- precision (1)
- primary active transporters (1)
- prostacyclin (1)
- prostaglandin (1)
- prostaglandins (1)
- protein aggregation (1)
- protein assembly (1)
- protein design (1)
- protein dynamics (1)
- protein engineering (1)
- protein evolution (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein phosphorylation (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein structure determination 1 (1)
- protein tyrosine kinase (1)
- protein-protein interaction (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- protein–protein interaction (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proton transfer (1)
- protons (1)
- pull-down (1)
- quantum transport (1)
- quinazoline ribonucleosides (1)
- quinazolinone alkylation (1)
- quorum sensing (QS) (1)
- radiation-induced nanostructure (1)
- ratiometric (1)
- real-time NMR spectroscopy (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- recycling pathway (1)
- reductases (1)
- regioisomers (1)
- relapsing-remitting (1)
- remote Carbenes (1)
- remote control (1)
- resistance–nodulation–cell division (RND) (1)
- resolution (1)
- respirasomes (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- respiratory chain supercomplexes (1)
- respiratory complex I (1)
- respiratory complex IV (1)
- response regulator (1)
- retrograde transport (1)
- ribonucleases (1)
- ribosomal binding site (1)
- ribosome (1)
- ribosome quality control (1)
- riboswitches (1)
- rna recognition motif (1)
- roentgen rays (1)
- rootletin (1)
- rotary ATPase mechanism (1)
- rotator phase (1)
- rotaxane shuttling (1)
- sORF (1)
- salmonella (1)
- scaffold attachment factor proteins (1)
- second-hand smoke (1)
- secondary chemical shifts (1)
- secondary transporter (1)
- selective autophagy receptor (1)
- selective isotopic labeling (1)
- selenolates (1)
- self-assembled monolayer (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- semi-thin brain tissue sections (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- short linear motifs (SLiMs) (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- silane (1)
- silica (1)
- silicon (1)
- silicon chips (1)
- silicon nanowires (1)
- simulasi DM (1)
- single molecule (1)
- single particle (1)
- single particle analysis (1)
- single-crystal X-ray diffraction (1)
- single-molecule analyses (1)
- single-molecule förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule localization microscopy (1)
- single-particle averaging (1)
- single-particle cryo-EM (1)
- single-particle tracking with photoactivated-localization microscopy (1)
- singlet oxygen (1)
- singlet oxygen (1Δg) chemiluminescence (1)
- single‐molecule tracking (1)
- site-directed mutagenesis (1)
- size of cigarettes (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skin (1)
- small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- small gene (1)
- small protein (1)
- smoking in pregnancy (1)
- snake venom (1)
- sodium-proton exchange (1)
- solid-state NMR spectroscopy (1)
- solid-state nanopores (1)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- solvents (1)
- specialized pro-resolving mediator (1)
- specificity of cleavage (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spectrum (1)
- spectrum analysis (1)
- spectrum reconstruction 3 (1)
- spermidine (1)
- spliceosome (1)
- spring-loaded activation (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- ssFLYA (1)
- stability (1)
- stacking (1)
- stereoselective synthesis (1)
- stereoselectivity (1)
- stratified epithelial tissues (1)
- structural biolog (1)
- structural biology and molecular biophysics (1)
- structural calculation 4 (1)
- structure calculation (1)
- structure determination (1)
- structure ensemble (1)
- structure-property relationship (1)
- structure/function analysis (1)
- substrate-binding site (1)
- substrate-bound state (1)
- sumoylation (1)
- super-resolution (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- super-structure (1)
- superbugs (1)
- superresolution microscopy (1)
- supersaturation (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- supramolecular chain (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- surface chemistry (1)
- surface-attached metal–organic framework (1)
- surface-mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) (1)
- syn conformation (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- synthetic riboswitches (1)
- tapasin (1)
- telomerase (1)
- temperature (1)
- tetracycline (1)
- tetracycline aptamer (1)
- tetracycline transporter (1)
- tetrahydroisoquinoline (1)
- tetrahydropyrans (1)
- tetramerization (1)
- thermometers (1)
- thiolates (1)
- thiophenylazobenzene (1)
- thiostrepton (1)
- thrombin (1)
- thromboxane (1)
- tigecycline (1)
- time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- tissue imaging (1)
- titration method (1)
- traffic emissions (1)
- transacylation (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcription repressor (1)
- transcriptional activity (1)
- transfer function (1)
- translation initiation region (1)
- triaminodihydropyrimidinone (1)
- tripartite efflux pumps (1)
- triptycene (1)
- tropism (1)
- tuberculosis (1)
- tumor angiogenesis (1)
- tumor hypoxia (1)
- tumor perfusion (1)
- tumour (1)
- turgor pressure (1)
- turgor pressure probe (1)
- twinning (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (1)
- tyrosine kinase signaling (1)
- ubiquitin chain conformation (1)
- ubiquitination (1)
- uridine (1)
- urotropine (1)
- v-ATPase (1)
- vapor-liquid-solid mechanism (1)
- vapor–liquid–solid mechanism (1)
- ventilation modes (1)
- visualization of RNA (1)
- volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- voltage imaging (1)
- von Willebrand factor (1)
- water solubility (1)
- wheezing (1)
- wine (1)
- x-ray crystallography (1)
- xefoampeptides (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α-Aminophosphonates (1)
- β -Diketiminate (1)
- β-ᴅ-2′-Deoxyribosides (1)
- ζ-Carotene (1)
- π-Interactions (1)
- π-clamp (1)
- π–π stacking (1)
Institute
- Biochemie und Chemie (758) (remove)
The archaeal ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex that consists of a catalytic A(1) part and a transmembrane, ion translocation domain A(0). The A(1)A(0) complex from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was isolated. Mass analysis of the complex by laser-induced liquid bead ion desorption (LILBID) indicated a size of 730 +/- 10 kDa. A three-dimensional map was generated by electron microscopy from negatively stained images. The map at a resolution of 2.3 nm shows the A(1) and A(0) domain, connected by a central stalk and two peripheral stalks, one of which is connected to A(0), and both connected to A(1) via prominent knobs. X-ray structures of subunits from related proteins were fitted to the map. On the basis of the fitting and the LILBID analysis, a structural model is presented with the stoichiometry A(3)B(3)CDE(2)FH(2)ac(10).
ABC transporters are found in all organisms and almost every cellular compartment. They mediate the transport of various solutes across membranes, energized by ATP binding and hydrolysis. Dysfunctions can result in severe diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or antibiotic resistance. In type IV ABC transporters, each of the two nucleotide-binding domains is connected to a transmembrane domain by two coupling helices, which are part of cytosolic loops. Although there are many structural snapshots of different conformations, the interdomain communication is still enigmatic. Therefore, we analyzed the function of three conserved, charged residues in the intra-cytosolic loop 1 of the human homodimeric, lysosomal peptide transporter TAPL. Substitution of D278 in coupling helix 1 by alanine interrupted peptide transport by impeding ATP hydrolysis. Alanine substitution of R288 and D292, both localized next to the coupling helix 1 extending to transmembrane helix 3, reduced peptide transport but increased basal ATPase activity. Surprisingly, the ATPase activity of the R288A variant dropped in a peptide-dependent manner while ATPase activity of wildtype and D292A was unaffected. Interestingly, R288A and D292A mutants did not differentiate between ATP and GTP in respect of hydrolysis. However, in contrast to wildtype TAPL, only ATP energized peptide transport. In sum, D278 seems to be involved in bidirectional interdomain communication mediated by network of polar interactions while the two residues in the cytosolic extension of TMH3 are involved in regulation of ATP hydrolysis, most likely by stabilization of the outward facing conformation.
Long non-coding RNAs are a very versatile class of molecules that can have important roles in regulating a cells function, including regulating other genes on the transcriptional level. One of these mechanisms is that RNA can directly interact with DNA thereby recruiting additional components such as proteins to these sites via an RNA:dsDNA triplex formation. We genetically deleted the triplex forming sequence (FendrrBox) from the lncRNA Fendrr in mice and found that this FendrrBox is partially required for Fendrr function in vivo. We found that the loss of the triplex forming site in developing lungs causes a dysregulation of gene programs associated with lung fibrosis. A set of these genes contain a triplex site directly at their promoter and are expressed in lung fibroblasts. We biophysically confirmed the formation of an RNA:dsDNA triplex with target promoters in vitro. We found that Fendrr with the Wnt signalling pathway regulates these genes, implicating that Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling in lung fibrosis.
All-optical closed-loop voltage clamp for precise control of muscles and neurons in live animals
(2023)
Excitable cells can be stimulated or inhibited by optogenetics. Since optogenetic actuation regimes are often static, neurons and circuits can quickly adapt, allowing perturbation, but not true control. Hence, we established an optogenetic voltage-clamp (OVC). The voltage-indicator QuasAr2 provides information for fast, closed-loop optical feedback to the bidirectional optogenetic actuator BiPOLES. Voltage-dependent fluorescence is held within tight margins, thus clamping the cell to distinct potentials. We established the OVC in muscles and neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans, and transferred it to rat hippocampal neurons in slice culture. Fluorescence signals were calibrated to electrically measured potentials, and wavelengths to currents, enabling to determine optical I/V-relationships. The OVC reports on homeostatically altered cellular physiology in mutants and on Ca2+-channel properties, and can dynamically clamp spiking in C. elegans. Combining non-invasive imaging with control capabilities of electrophysiology, the OVC facilitates high-throughput, contact-less electrophysiology in individual cells and paves the way for true optogenetic control in behaving animals.
Highlights
• Cryo-EM structure of a yeast F1Fo-ATP synthase dimer
• Inhibitor-free X-ray structure of the F1 head and rotor complex
• Mechanism of ATP generation by rotary catalysis
• Structural basis of cristae formation in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Summary
We determined the structure of a complete, dimeric F1Fo-ATP synthase from yeast Yarrowia lipolytica mitochondria by a combination of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. The final structure resolves 58 of the 60 dimer subunits. Horizontal helices of subunit a in Fo wrap around the c-ring rotor, and a total of six vertical helices assigned to subunits a, b, f, i, and 8 span the membrane. Subunit 8 (A6L in human) is an evolutionary derivative of the bacterial b subunit. On the lumenal membrane surface, subunit f establishes direct contact between the two monomers. Comparison with a cryo-EM map of the F1Fo monomer identifies subunits e and g at the lateral dimer interface. They do not form dimer contacts but enable dimer formation by inducing.
In fungi, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (complexes I–IV) are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation, as in higher eukaryotes. Cryo-EM was used to identify a 200 kDa membrane protein from Neurospora crassa in lipid nanodiscs as cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) and its structure was determined at 5.5 Å resolution. The map closely resembles the cryo-EM structure of complex IV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its ten subunits are conserved in S. cerevisiae and Bos taurus, but other transmembrane subunits are missing. The different structure of the Cox5a subunit is typical for fungal complex IV and may affect the interaction with complex III in a respiratory supercomplex. Additional density was found between the matrix domains of the Cox4 and Cox5a subunits that appears to be specific to N. crassa.
As cryo-EM approaches the physical resolution limits imposed by electron optics and radiation damage, it becomes increasingly urgent to address the issues that impede high-resolution structure determination of biological specimens. One of the persistent problems has been beam-induced movement, which occurs when the specimen is irradiated with high-energy electrons. Beam-induced movement results in image blurring and loss of high-resolution information. It is particularly severe for biological samples in unsupported thin films of vitreous water. By controlled devitrification of conventionally plunge-frozen samples, the suspended film of vitrified water was converted into cubic ice, a polycrystalline, mechanically stable solid. It is shown that compared with vitrified samples, devitrification reduces beam-induced movement in the first 5 e Å−2 of an exposure by a factor of ∼4, substantially enhancing the contribution of the initial, minimally damaged frames to a structure. A 3D apoferritin map reconstructed from the first frames of 20 000 particle images of devitrified samples resolved undamaged side chains. Devitrification of frozen-hydrated specimens helps to overcome beam-induced specimen motion in single-particle cryo-EM, as a further step towards realizing the full potential of cryo-EM for high-resolution structure determination.
CryoEM at IUCRJ: a new era
(2016)
Highlights
• Cryo-EM structures of the yeast low-affinity phosphate importer ScPho90
• Complementary structures reveal insights into the substrate translocation mechanism
• Comparisons with homologous transporters highlight the conserved transport mechanism
• Regulation by the SPX domain is discussed
Summary
Phosphate homeostasis is essential for all living organisms. Low-affinity phosphate transporters are involved in phosphate import and regulation in a range of eukaryotic organisms. We have determined the structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphate importer Pho90 by electron cryomicroscopy in two complementary states at 2.3 and 3.1 Å resolution. The symmetrical, outward-open structure in the presence of phosphate indicates bound substrate ions in the binding pocket. In the absence of phosphate, Pho90 assumes an asymmetric structure with one monomer facing inward and one monomer facing outward, providing insights into the transport mechanism. The Pho90 transport domain binds phosphate ions on one side of the membrane, then flips to the other side where the substrate is released. Together with functional experiments, these complementary structures illustrate the transport mechanism of eukaryotic low-affinity phosphate transporters.
The translation eukaryotic elongation factor 1alpha (eEF1A) is a monomeric GTPase involved in protein synthesis. In addition, this protein is thought to participate in other cellular functions such as actin bundling, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Here we show that eEF1A is associated with the alpha2 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor in pulldown experiments with rat brain extracts. Moreover, additional proteins involved in translation like ribosomal S6 protein and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase as well as ERK1/2 and calcineurin were identified in the same pulldown approaches. Glycine receptor activation in spinal cord neurons cultured for 1 week resulted in an increased phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein. Immunocytochemistry showed that eEF1A and ribosomal S6 protein are localized in the soma, dendrites, and at synapses of cultured hippocampal and spinal cord neurons. Consistent with our biochemical data, immunoreactivities of both proteins were partially overlapping with glycine receptor immunoreactivity in cultured spinal cord and hippocampal neurons. After 5 weeks in culture, eEF1A immunoreactivity was redistributed to the cytoskeleton in about 45% of neurons. Interestingly, the degree of redistribution could be increased at earlier stages of in vitro differentiation by inhibition of either the ERK1/2 pathway or glycine receptors and simultaneous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. Our findings suggest a functional coupling of eEF1A with both inhibitory and excitatory receptors, possibly involving the ERK-signaling pathway.