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Cyclin CLB2 mRNA localization and protein synthesis link cell cycle progression to bud growth
(2024)
Clb2 is a conserved mitotic B-type cyclin, the levels of which are finely controlled to drive progression through the cell cycle. While it is known that CLB2 transcription and Clb2 protein degradation are important for precise control of its expression, it remains unclear whether the synthesis of Clb2 is also regulated. To address whether and how Clb2 expression levels respond to cell growth changes and adapt cell cycle progression, we combined single-cell and single-molecule imaging methods to measure CLB2 mRNA and protein expression throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. We found that the CLB2 mRNA was efficiently localized to the yeast bud as soon as this compartment was formed, but strikingly the Clb2 protein accumulated in the mother nucleus. The CLB2 mRNA localization in the yeast bud by the She2-3 complex did not control protein localization but rather promoted CLB2 translation. Moreover, CLB2 mRNA bud localization and protein synthesis were coupled and dependent on a single secondary structure -a ZIP code-located in the coding sequence. In a CLB2 ZIP code mutant, mRNA localization was impaired and Clb2 protein synthesis decreased, resulting in changes in cell cycle distribution and increased size of daughter cells at birth. Finally, while in WT cells the Clb2 protein concentration followed bud growth, this relationship was impaired in the ZIP code mutant. We propose that S. cerevisiae couples the control of CLB2 mRNA bud localization and protein synthesis to coordinate cell growth and cell cycle progression. This mechanism extends our knowledge of CLB2 expression regulation, and constitutes a novel function for mRNA localization.
Highlights
β’ The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act legalized millions of Hispanic migrants.
β’ The IRCA receive significantly increases state-to-county fiscal transfers.
β’ Electoral incentives of the state governor drive the fiscal response of the IRCA.
β’ Legalization increases Hispanic turnout and political engagement.
Abstract
We study the impact of immigrant legalization on fiscal transfers from state to local governments in the United States, exploiting variation in legal status from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). State governments allocate more resources to IRCA counties, an allocation that is responsive to the electoral incentives of the governor. Importantly, the effect emerges prior to the enfranchisement of the IRCA migrants and we argue it is driven by the IRCAβs capacity to politically empower already legal Hispanic migrants in mixed legal status communities. The IRCA increases turnout in large Hispanic communities as well as Hispanic political engagement, without detectably triggering anti-migrant sentiment.
Ten hadronic final states of the βπ decays are investigated via the process πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ, using a data sample of (448.1Β±2.9)Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay channel βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π0 is observed for the first time and has a measured significance of 6.0β’π. The corresponding branching fraction is determined to be β¬β‘(βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π0)=(3.3Β±0.6Β±0.6)Γ10β3 (where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively). Evidence for the decays βπβπ+β’πββ’π0β’π and βπβπΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πββ’π+β’πβ is found with a significance of 3.6β’π and 3.8β’π, respectively. The corresponding branching fractions (and upper limits) are obtained to be β¬β‘(βπβπ+β’πββ’π0β’π)=(7.2Β±1.8Β±1.3)Γ10β3 (<1.8Γ10β2) and β¬β‘(βπβπΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πββ’π+β’πβ)=(2.8Β±0.9Β±0.5)Γ10β3 (<4.7Γ10β3). Upper limits on the branching fractions for the final states βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π0, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π, 2β’(πΎ+β’πΎβ)β’π0, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π0β’π, πΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πβ, and πβ’Β―πβ’π0β’π0 are determined at a confidence level of 90%.
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/Ο peak, we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector. The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes, namely Bhabha scattering, dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles. The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100% in most cases, with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.
Born cross sections for the processes e+eβ β ΟΞ· and e+eβ β ΟΟ0 have been determined for centerof-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous measurements but with improved precision. Two resonant structures are observed. In the e+eβ β ΟΞ· cross sections, a resonance with a mass of (2176 Β± 24 Β± 3) MeV/c2 and a width of (89 Β± 50 Β± 5) MeV is observed with a significance of 6.2Ο. Its properties are consistent with the Ο(2170). In the e+eβ β ΟΟ0 cross sections, a resonance denoted Y (2040) is observed with a significance of more than 10Ο. Its mass and width are determined to be (2034 Β± 13 Β± 9) MeV/c2 and (234 Β± 30 Β± 25) MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.
The Born cross sections of the e+eβ β +Β― β and e+eβ β βΒ― + processes are determined for centerof-mass energy from 2.3864 to 3.0200 GeV with the BESIII detector. The cross section lineshapes can be described properly by a pQCD function and the resulting ratio of effective form factors for the + and β is consistent with 3. In addition, ratios of the + electric and magnetic form factors, |GE /GM |, are obtained at three center-of-mass energies through an analysis of the angular distributions. These measurements, which are studied for the first time in the off-resonance region, provide precision experimental input for understanding baryonic structure. The observed new features of the Β± form factors require more theoretical discussions for the hyperons.
The observed cross sections for π+β’πββπ+β’πβ at energies from 3.8 to 4.6 GeV are measured using data samples taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider. We measure the muonic widths and determine the branching fractions of the charmonium states πβ‘(4040), πβ‘(4160), and πβ‘(4415) decaying to π+β’πβ, as well as making a first determination of the phase of the amplitudes. In addition, we observe evidence for a structure in the dimuon cross section near 4.220ββGeV/π2, which we denote as πβ‘(4220). Analyzing a coherent sum of amplitudes yields eight solutions, one of which gives a mass of ππβ‘(4220) = 4216.7Β±8.9Β±4.1ββMeV/π2, a total width of Ξtot Sβ‘(4220) = 47.2Β±22.8Β±10.5ββMeV, and a muonic width of Ξπβ’π πβ‘(4220) = 1.53Β±1.26Β±0.54ββkeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The eight solutions give the central values of the mass, total width, muonic width to be, respectively, in the range from 4212.8 to 4219.4ββMeV/π2, from 36.4 to 49.6 MeV, and from 1.09 to 1.53 keV. The statistical significance of the πβ‘(4220) signal is 3.9β’π. Correcting the total dimuon cross section for radiative effects yields a statistical significance for this structure of 8.1β’π.
Based on e+eβ annihilation data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at 13 center-of-mass energies from 4.008 to 4.600 GeV, measurements of the Born cross section of e+eβ β ppΒ―Ο0 are performed. No significant resonant structure is observed in the measured energy dependence of the cross section. The upper limit on the Born cross section of e+eβ β Y (4260) β ppΒ―Ο0 at the 90% C.L. is determined to be 0.01 pb. The upper limit on the ratio of the branching fractions B(Y (4260)βppΒ―Ο0) B(Y (4260)βΟ+Οβ J/Ο) at the 90% C.L. is determined to be 0.02%.
Using Γ°1.0087 0.0044Γ Γ 1010 J=Ο events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ0n β Ξβp is studied, where the Ξ0 baryon is produced in the process J=Ο β Ξ0ΞΒ― 0 and the neutron is a component of the 9 Be, 12C, and 197Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1Ο. The cross section of the reaction Ξ0 ΓΎ 9 Be β Ξβ ΓΎ p ΓΎ 8 Be is determined to be ΟΓ°Ξ0 ΓΎ 9 Be β Ξβ ΓΎ p ΓΎ 8 BeΓΒΌΓ°22.1 5.3stat 4.5sysΓ mb at the Ξ0 momentum of 0.818 GeV=c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξβp final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
The quantum entangled J=Ο β ΣþΣ¯ β pairs from Γ°1.0087 0.0044Γ Γ 1010 J=Ο events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the nonleptonic two-body weak decays Σþ β nΟΓΎ and Σ¯ β β nΒ―Οβ. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Σþ β nΟΓΎ (Ξ±ΓΎ) and Σ¯ β β nΒ―Οβ (Ξ±Β―β) are determined to be 0.0481 0.0031stat 0.0019syst and β0.0565 0.0047stat 0.0022syst, respectively. The decay parameter Ξ±Β―β is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of Ξ±ΓΎ is improved by a factor of 4 compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of ACP ΒΌ ðαþ ΓΎ Ξ±Β―βΓ=ðαþ β Ξ±Β―βΓ ΒΌ β0.080 0.052stat 0.028syst. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as hΞ±ΓΎi¼ðαþ β Ξ±Β―βΓ=2 ΒΌ β0.0506 0.0026stat 0.0019syst, while the ratios Ξ±ΓΎ=Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β―β=Ξ±Β― 0 are β0.0490 0.0032stat 0.0021syst and β0.0571 0.0053stat 0.0032syst, where Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β― 0 are the decay parameters of the decays Σþ β pΟ0 and Σ¯ β β pΒ― Ο0, respectively.
The quantum entangled J/ΟβΞ£+Σ¯β pairs from (1.0087Β±0.0044)Γ1010 J/Ο events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the non-leptonic two-body weak decays Ξ£+βnΟ+ and Σ¯ββnΒ―Οβ. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Ξ£+βnΟ+ (Ξ±+) and Σ¯ββnΒ―Οβ (Ξ±Β―β) are determined to be β0.0565Β±0.0047statΒ±0.0022syst and 0.0481Β±0.0031statΒ±0.0019syst, respectively. The decay parameter Ξ±Β―β is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of Ξ±+ is improved by a factor of four compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of ACP=(Ξ±++Ξ±Β―β)/(Ξ±+βΞ±Β―β) = β0.080Β±0.052statΒ±0.028syst. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as β¨Ξ±+β©=(Ξ±+βΞ±Β―β)/2 = β0.0506Β±0.0026statΒ±0.0019syst, while the ratios Ξ±+/Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β―β/Ξ±Β―0 are β0.0490Β±0.0032statΒ±0.0021syst and β0.0571Β±0.0053statΒ±0.0032syst, where Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β―0 are the decay parameters of the decays Ξ£+βpΟ0 and Σ¯ββpΒ―Ο0, respectively.
Precision measurements of DβΊβ β πeβΊβ’πβ and DβΊβ β πβ²β’eβΊβ’πβ
(2023)
Precision measurements of the semileptonic decays π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ and π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ are performed with 7.33ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector. The branching fractions obtained are β¬β‘(π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ) = (2.255Β±0.03β’9statΒ±0.05β’1syst)% and β¬β‘(π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ)=(0.810Β±0.03β’8statΒ±0.02β’4syst)%. Combining these results with the β¬β‘(π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ) and β¬β‘(π·+βπβ²β’π+β’ππ) obtained from previous BESIII measurements, the πβπβ² mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be πP=(40.0Β±2.0statΒ±0.6syst)Β°. Moreover, from the fits to the partial decay rates of π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ and π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ, the products of the hadronic transition form factors ππ(β²)+β‘(0) and the modulus of the πβπ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |ππβ’π | are determined by using different hadronic transition form factor parametrizations. Based on the two-parameter series expansion, the products ππ+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π | = 0.4519Β±0.007β’1statΒ±0.006β’5syst and ππβ²+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π | = 0.525Β±0.02β’4statΒ±0.00β’9syst are extracted. All results determined in this work supersede those measured in the previous BESIII analyses based on the 3.19ββfbβ1 subsample of data at 4.178 GeV.
bΜbΜud tetraquark resonances in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation using lattice QCD potentials
(2019)
We study tetraquark resonances for a pair of static antiquarks bΒ―bΒ― in presence of two light quarks ud based on lattice QCD potentials. The system is treated in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and we use the emergent wave method. We focus on the isospin I = 0 channel but take different angular momenta l of the heavy antiquarks bΒ―bΒ― into account. Further calculations have already predicted a bound state for the l = 0 case with quantum numbers I(JP) = 0(1+). Performing computations for several angular momenta, we extract the phase shifts and search for T and S matrix poles in the second Riemann sheet. For angular momentum l = 1, we predict a tetraquark resonance with quantum numbers I(JP) = 0(1β), resonance mass m = 10576+4β4 MeV and decay width Ξ = 112+90β103 MeV, which decays into two B mesons.
We investigate BBΜ
systems by computing potentials of two static quarks in the presence of two quarks of finite mass using lattice QCD. By solving the Schrodinger equation we check whether these potentials are sufficiently attractive to host bound states. Particular focus is put on the experimentally most promising bottomonium-like tetraquark candidate ZbΒ± with quantum numbers I(JP) = 1(1+).
Study of the process eβΊeβ»βββΟβ°Οβ°J/Ο and neutral charmoniumlike state Zc(3900)β°
(2020)
Cross sections of the process π+β’πββπ0β’π0β’π½/π at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.600 GeV are measured with high precision by using 12.4ββfbβ1 of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider facility. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross sections confirms the existence of the charmoniumlike state πβ‘(4220). The mass and width of the πβ‘(4220) are determined to be (4220.4Β±2.4Β±2.3) MeV/π2 and (46.2Β±4.7Β±2.1)ββMeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass and width are consistent with those measured in the process π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π½/π. The neutral charmonium-like state ππβ’(3900)0 is observed prominently in the π0β’π½/π invariant-mass spectrum, and, for the first time, an amplitude analysis is performed to study its properties. The spin-parity of ππβ’(3900)0 is determined to be π½π=1+, and the pole position is (3893.1Β±2.2Β±3.0)βπβ’(22.2Β±2.6Β±7.0)ββMeV/π2, which is consistent with previous studies of electrically charged ππβ’(3900)Β±. In addition, cross sections of π+β’πβ β π0β’ππβ’(3900)0 β π0β’π0β’π½/π are extracted, and the corresponding line shape is found to agree with that of the πβ‘(4220).
Structural brain morphometry as classifier and predictor of ADHD and reward-related comorbidities
(2022)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, and around two-thirds of affected children report persisting problems in adulthood. This negative trajectory is associated with high comorbidity with disorders like obesity, depression, or substance use disorder (SUD). Decreases in cortical volume and thickness have also been reported in depression, SUD, and obesity, but it is unclear whether structural brain alterations represent unique disorder-specific profiles. A transdiagnostic exploration of ADHD and typical comorbid disorders could help to understand whether specific morphometric brain changes are due to ADHD or, alternatively, to the comorbid disorders. In the current study, we studied the brain morphometry of 136 subjects with ADHD with and without comorbid depression, SUD, and obesity to test whether there are unique or common brain alterations. We employed a machine-learning-algorithm trained to classify subjects with ADHD in the large ENIGMA-ADHD dataset and used it to predict the diagnostic status of subjects with ADHD and/or comorbidities. The parcellation analysis demonstrated decreased cortical thickness in medial prefrontal areas that was associated with presence of any comorbidity. However, these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Similarly, the machine learning analysis indicated that the predictive algorithm grouped most of our ADHD participants as belonging to the ADHD-group, but no systematic differences between comorbidity status came up. In sum, neither a classical comparison of segmented structural brain metrics nor an ML model based on the ADHD ENIGMA data differentiate between ADHD with and without comorbidities. As the ML model is based in part on adolescent brains, this might indicate that comorbid disorders and their brain changes are not captured by the ML model because it represents a different developmental brain trajectory.
Objectives
The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine and postural stability are important for an economical and motorically adequate adaptation of the body to any situation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze whether these two components of postural and movement control can be influenced by means of a splint in a centric position compared to habitual occlusion.
Methods
38 recreational male athletes volunteered. Cervical spine ROM was recorded using an ultrasound system and the a pressure measuring plate for postural stability (length of center of pressure (CoP) movement, area of CoP). The two dental occlusion conditions employed were the habitual occlusion and wearing a splint in an idealized, condylar position close to the centric position. Level of significance was set at Ο β€ 0.05.
Results
The cervical spine mobility increased significantly by wearing the splint regarding rotation to the left (+3.9%) and right (+2.7%) and lateral flexion to the left (+4.4%) and right (+6.7%). Wearing the splint reduced the area of sway deflections by about 31.5% in the bipedal stance and by about 2.4% (left) and 28.2% (right) in the unipedal stance. The CoP trace was reduced in the sagittal plane by approximately 8.2% in the right single-leg stance.
Conclusions
The major findings seem to demonstrate that wearing a splint that keeps the jaw close to the centric relation may increase the cervical ROM and may improve balance stability in male recreational athletes. Changing the jaw relation in athletes can possibly aid the release of performance potentials by improving coordination skills.
Comparative values are essential for the classification of orthopedic abnormalities and the assessment of a necessary therapy. At present, reference values for the upper body posture for healthy, male adults exist for the age groups of 18β35, 31β40 and 41β50 years. However, corresponding data on the decade of 51 to 60 year-old healthy men are still lacking. 23 parameters of the upper body posture were analyzed in 102 healthy male participants aged 51β60 (55.36βΒ±β2.78) years. The average height was 180.76βΒ±β7.81 cm with a weight of 88.22βΒ±β14.57 kg. The calculated BMI was 26.96βΒ±β3.92 kg/m2. In the habitual, upright position, the bare upper body was scanned three-dimensionally using video raster stereography. Mean or median values, confidence intervals, tolerance ranges and group comparisons, as well as correlations of BMI and physical activity, were calculated for all parameters. The spinal column parameters exhibited a good exploration of the frontal plane in the habitual standing position. In the sagittal plane, a slight, ventral inclination of the trunk with an increased kyphosis angle of the thoracic spine and increased thoracic bending angle was observed. The parameters of the pelvis showed a pronounced symmetry with deviations from the 0Β° axis within the measurement error margin of 1 mm/1Β°. The scapula height together with the scapula angles of the right and left side described a slightly elevated position of the left shoulder compared to the right side. The upper body posture is influenced by parameters of age, height, weight and BMI. Primarily there are significant correlations to measurements of trunk lengths D (age: pββ€β0.02, rhoβ=β-0.23; height: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β0.58; weight: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β0.33), trunk lengths S (age: pββ€β0.01, rhoβ=β-0.27; height: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β0.58; weight: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β0.32), pelvic distance (height: pββ€β0.01, rhoβ=β0.26; weight: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β0.32; BMI: pββ€β0.03, rhoβ=β0.22) and scapula distance (weight: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β.32; BMI: pββ€β0.01, rhoβ=β0.27), but also to sagittal parameters of trunk decline (weight: pββ€β0.001, rhoβ=β-0.29; BMI: pββ€β0.01, rhoβ=β-0.24), thoracic bending angle (height: pββ€β0.01, rhoβ=β0.27) and kyphosis angle (BMI: pββ€β0.03, rhoβ=β0.21). The upper body posture of healthy men between the ages of 51 and 60 years was axially almost aligned and balanced. With the findings of this investigation and the reference values obtained, suitable comparative values for use in clinical practice and for further scientific studies with the same experimental set-up have been established.
Background: In order to determine possible pathological deviations in body weight distribution and body sway, it is helpful to have reference values for comparison: gender and age are two main influencing factors. For this reason, it was the aim of the present study to present reference values for women between 51 and 60 years of age.
Methods: For this study, 101 subjectively healthy female Germans aged between 51 and 60 years (55.16 Β± 2.89 years) volunteered and were required to stand in a habitual posture on a pressure measuring platform.
Results: The average BMI of this age group was 25.02 Β± 4.55 kg/mΒ². The left and right foot showed an almost evenly balanced load distribution with a median load of 52.33% on the left foot [tolerance interval (TR) 38.00%/68.03%; confidence interval (CI) 51.00%/53.33%] and 47.67% on the right foot [TR 31.97%/62.00%; CI 46.67%/49.00%]. The measured median load of the forefoot was 33.33% [TR 21.37%/54.60%; CI 30.67%/36.00%] and that of the rear foot was 66.67% [TR 45.50%/78.63%; CI 64.00%/69.33%]. The median body sway in the frontal plane was 11 mm [TR 5.70 mm/26.30 mm; CI 10.00 mm/11.67 mm] and that of the sagittal plane was 16 mm [TR 7.37 mm/34.32 mm; CI 14.67 mm/18.67 mm]. The median ellipse area was 1.17 cmΒ² [TR 0.29 cmΒ²/4.96 cmΒ²; CI 0.98 cmΒ²/1.35 cmΒ²], the median ellipse width was 0.91 cm [TR 0.42 cm/1.9 cm; CI 0.84 cm/1.02 cm] and its height was 0.40 cm [TR 0.22 cm/0.89 cm; CI 0.38 cm/0.43 cm].
Conclusions: The left-to-right ratio is almost balanced. The load distribution of the forefoot to the rear foot is approximately 1:2. The median body sway values for the frontal and sagittal planes (11 and 16 mm, respectively) agree with other values. The values for the height, body weight and the BMI are comparable to the values of average German women at this age; therefore, the measured values show a presentable cross section of women in the 51β60 age group in Germany. The present data can be used as a basis for women aged 51β60 years and can support the detection of possible dysfunctions as well as injury prevention in the parameters of postural control.
Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers postponed their patient and public involvement (PPI) activities. This was mainly due to assumptions on patientsβ willingness and skills to participate digitally. In fact, digital PPI workshops differ from in-person meetings as some forms of non-verbal cues and body language may be missing and technical barriers may exist. Within our project HYPERION-TransCare we adapted our PPI workshop series for intervention development to a digital format and assessed whether these digital workshops were feasible for patients, health care professionals and researchers.
Methods: We used a digital meeting tool that included communication via audio, video and chat. Discussions were documented simultaneously on a digital white board. Technical support was provided via phone and chat during the workshops and with a technical introduction workshop in advance. The workshop evaluation encompassed observation protocols, participantsβ feedback via chat after each workshop on their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tools, and telephone interviews on patientsβ and health professionalsβ experiences after the end of the workshop series.
Results: Observation protocols showed an active role of moderators in verbally encouraging every participant to get involved. Technical challenges occurred, but were in most cases immediately addressed and solved. Participants median rating of their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tool was βvery goodβ. In the evaluation interviews participants reported a change of perspective and mutual understanding as a main benefit from the PPI workshops and described the atmosphere as inclusive and on equal footing. Benefits of the digital format such as overcoming geographical distance, saving time and combining workshop participation with professional or childcare obligations were reported. Technical support was stressed as a pre-condition for getting actively involved in digital PPI.
Conclusions: Digital formats using different didactic and documentation techniques, accompanied by technical support, can foster active patient and public involvement. The advantages of digital PPI formats such as geographical flexibility and saving time for participants as well as the opportunity to prepare and hold workshops in geographically stretched research teams persists beyond the pandemic and may in some cases outweigh the advantages of in-person communication.
With adequate support for the learner, errors can have high learning potential. This study investigates rather unsuitable action patterns of teachers in dealing with errors. Teachers rarely investigate the causes that evoke the occurrence of individual studentsβ errors, but instead often change addressees immediately after an error occurs. Such behavior is frequent in the classroom, leaving unexploited, yet important potential to learn from errors. It has remained unexplained why teachers act the way they do in error situations. Using video-stimulated recalls, I investigate the reasons for teachersβ behavior in studentsβ error situations by confronting them with recorded episodes from their own teaching. Error situations are analyzed (within-case) and teachersβ beliefs are classified in an explanatory model (cross-case) to illustrate patterns across teachers. Results show that teachers refer to an interaction of student attributes, their own attributes, and error attributes when reasoning their own behavior. I find that reference to specific attributes varies depending on the situation, and so do the described reasons that led to a particular behavior as a spontaneous or more reflective decision.
Quantum-correlated π·β’Β―π· pairs collected by the BESIII experiment at the πβ‘(3770) resonance corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 are used to study the π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0 decay mode. The πΆβ’π-even fraction of π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0 decays is determined to be 0.235Β±0.010Β±0.002, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Using an π+β’πβ collision data sample of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of π·0βπ0β’(980)ββ’π+β’ππ and evidence for π·+βπ0β’(980)0β’π+β’ππ with significances of 6.4β’π and 2.9β’π, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be β¬β‘(π·0βπ0β’(980)ββ’π+β’ππ)Γβ¬β‘(π0β’(980)ββπβ’πβ) = [1.3β’3+0.33β0.29β’(stat)Β±0.09β’(syst)]Γ10β4 and β¬β‘(π·+βπ0β’(980)0β’π+β’ππ)Γβ¬β‘(π0β’(980)0βπβ’π0)=[1.6β’6+0.81
β0.66β’(stat)Β±0.11β’(syst)]Γ10β4. This is the first time the π0β‘(980) meson has been measured in a π·0 semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling π0β‘(980) states.
Klaus Werner beschreibt in seinem Beitrag die einzigartige Mehrschichtigkeit und Tiefendimension kΓΌnstlerisch bearbeiteter 'schwarzer BΓΌcher' in Li Silberbergs Installation "Bibliothek", die als unzugΓ€nglicher glΓ€serner Raum entzogener LektΓΌre mit der Einrichtung von RegalfΓ€chern und Schreibplatte zugleich subtil die materielle Bedingtheit des 'Prinzips Bibliothek' ausstellt.
Susanne Klimroths Beitrag widmet sich den Texten zu Oskar Kokoschkas Alma-Mahler-Puppe und stellt den fiktionalisierten Status insbesondere der eigenen Schilderungen der 'Puppenepisode' des doppelbegabten KΓΌnstlers heraus. Sie argumentiert fΓΌr eine Widerspenstigkeit sowohl der MaterialitΓ€t der Puppe als auch der Γberlieferung der literarisierten Puppe.
Using a data sample of 448.1Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII, we perform search for the hadronic transition βπβπ+β’πββ’π½/π via πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ. No signals of the transition are observed, and the upper limit on the product branching fraction β¬β‘(πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ)β’β¬β‘(βπβπ+β’πββ’π½/π) at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) is determined to be 2.0Γ10β6. This is the most stringent upper limit to date.
Timo Sestu analysiert in seinem Beitrag die kulturhistorische Bedeutung selbstschreibender Automaten des 18. Jahrhunderts und deren satirische 'Fortschreibung' bei Jean Paul. Es zeigt sich, dass diesen Automaten aufgrund ihrer MaterialitΓ€t und KΓΆrperlichkeit auch widerstΓ€ndige Potentiale innewohnen, die der gewaltsamen Zurichtung "gelehriger KΓΆrper" im Sinne Foucaults die VirtualitΓ€t des Geschriebenen und die Bewahrung poetischen Eigensinns entgegensetzen.
Nina Tolksdorf verdeutlicht in ihrer Analyse von Pantomimen um 1900, dass diese, wie Puppen und Marionetten, in zweifachem Sinn auf OberflΓ€chen verweisen, zum einen auf die des KΓΆrpers bzw. Materials der Figuren und KΓΆrper, zum anderen auf die OberflΓ€chenrhetorik der literarischen Texte selbst. Auf diese Weise wird der "hermeneutische Tiefenblick" als LektΓΌre- und Analysepraxis gleichermaΓen offengelegt wie durchkreuzt.
Marc Matters Beitrag ist der medienarchΓ€ologische Versuch, am Beispiel des Audioverlags Balsam Flex und seines GrΓΌnders E. E. Vonna-Michell von der Literaturwissenschaft hΓ€ufig vernachlΓ€ssigte Audioformate - experimentelle Tonkunst, Sound Poetry, Klang-Installationen - in ihrer kΓΌnstlerischen und kunsthistorischen Bedeutung zu wΓΌrdigen.
The decay π½/πβπΎβ’πΎβ’π is studied using a sample of 1.31Γ109ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector. Two structures around 1475ββMeV/π2 and 1835ββMeV/π2 are observed in the πΎβ’π invariant mass spectrum for the first time. With a fit on the πΎβ’π invariant mass, which takes into account the interference between the two structures, and a simple analysis of the angular distribution, the structure around 1475ββMeV/π2 is found to favor an assignment as the πβ‘(1475) and the mass and width for the structure around 1835ββMeV/π2 are consistent with the πβ‘(1835). The statistical significances of the two structures are 13.5β’π and 6.3β’π, respectively. The results indicate that both πβ‘(1475) and πβ‘(1835) contain a sizeable π β’Β―π component.
Hartmut Abendschein zeigt in seinem Beitrag, wie bibliothekarische Praktiken und Konventionen zum kreativen Ausgangspunkt von verlegerischen und schriftstellerischen Entscheidungen werden kΓΆnnen. Die Publikationen seines Verlags edition taberna kritika formieren sich in verschiedenen Reihen, die z. B. durch ihre MetadatensΓ€tze aufeinander bezogen sind, sodass das Verlagsprogramm selbst als konzeptionelles Kunstwerk zu verstehen ist.
Cornelia Ortlieb erlΓ€utert am Beispiel der Digitalisate von Heften und BlΓ€ttern Stefan Georges, die vom Stefan George-Archiv als "Werkhandschriften" klassifiziert werden, die Implikationen der Ersetzung von dreidimensionalen, physisch greifbaren, beschrifteten Papierdingen durch digitale Artefakte.
Using a low background data sample of 9.7Γ105ββπ½/πβπΎβ’πβ², πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ events, which are 2 orders of magnitude larger than those from the previous experiments, recorded with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay dynamics of πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ are studied with both model-dependent and model-independent approaches. The contributions of π and the πβ‘(770)βπ interference are observed for the first time in the decays πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ in both approaches. Additionally, a contribution from the box anomaly or the πβ‘(1450) resonance is required in the model-dependent approach, while the process specific part of the decay amplitude is determined in the model-independent approach.
Am Beispiel von Hannah HΓΆchs "Hampelfrau" problematisiert Susanna Brogi Katalogisierungs- und Klassifikationspraktiken in musealen und archivischen Kontexten und weist auf die diskursiven ZusammenhΓ€nge und weitreichenden Folgen der Benennung und Beschriftung von Artefakten fΓΌr den weiteren Umgang mit ihnen hin.
Laura Basten sichtet den schriftstellerischen und kΓΌnstlerischen Nachlass von Maria Benemann, einer Protagonistin im Umfeld von Expressionismus und Bauhaus, die heute allenfalls als FuΓnote in den Biographien prominenter MΓ€nner gewΓΌrdigt wird. Aus der Perspektive der Editionswissenschaft reflektiert Basten die MΓΆglichkeiten und Probleme, den Nachlass Benemanns wieder einer grΓΆΓeren Leserschaft zuzufΓΌhren. Neben Besonderheiten, die den Nachlass selbst betreffen, diskutiert sie dabei auch kanonpolitische Fragen und erΓΆrtert, wie eine Edition beschaffen sein mΓΌsste, die ein Werk aus bis dato nicht publizierten oder schwerlich zugΓ€nglichen Texten zuallererst herstellt.
Andreas BΓΌlhoff und Annette Gilbert geben einen Einblick in die von ihnen im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts "Artefakte der Avantgarden 1885β2015" begrΓΌndete "Library of Artistic Print on Demand". Dabei zeigen sie anhand ausgewΓ€hlter Artefakte, wie PoD-Publikationen als programmatisch schlecht gemachte BΓΌcher die Restriktionen des Literaturbetriebs und der PoD-Plattformen gleichermaΓen unterlaufen. Zugleich ist der Status dieser Artefakte Γ€uΓerst prekΓ€r: Der Eingang dieser Publikationen in die BestΓ€nde der Bibliotheken kann darum auch als ein kulturpolitisches Anliegen begriffen werden.
Mette Biil SΓΈrensen demonstriert an mehreren "Foto-Texten" W. G. Sebalds die weitreichenden Folgen verlegerischer Entscheidungen zur Platzierung und Rahmung von Photographien und Schriftelementen in der 'materiellen Γbersetzung' von Text und Buch-Objekten.
Die Γbersetzung literarischer Werke wird meist in erster Linie mit der sprachlichen Γbersetzung eines Textes aus einer Ausgangssprache in eine Zielsprache konnotiert, was Roman Jakobson mit dem in der Γbersetzungswissenschaft einschlΓ€gigen Begriff 'interlingual translation' oder auch 'translation proper' bezeichnet hat. Diese Konnotation macht sich sowohl bei der allgemeinen Leser*innenschaft als auch zuweilen in der praktischen Handhabung einer literarischen Γbersetzung im Verlagswesen geltend. Im Anschluss an die jΓΌngsten Entwicklungen der Literaturforschung zur MaterialitΓ€t von gedruckten BΓΌchern stellt sich jedoch die Frage, woraus eigentlich der Gegenstand einer literarischen Γbersetzung besteht. Wird alleine der sprachliche Gehalt eines Textes einem Γbersetzungsprozess unterzogen oder soll vielmehr das gesamte Buchobjekt in die Zielsprache und Kultur ΓΌbertragen werden? Diese Frage stellt sich insbesondere bei solchen literarischen Werken, die aus mehreren bedeutungstragenden Elementen bestehen, so wie es bei literarischen "Foto-Texten" der Fall ist. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Γbertragung vor allem visuell-materieller BedeutungstrΓ€ger auf die Deutungsangebote literarischer "Foto-Texte" ausΓΌbt, anhand von Beispielen aus W. G. Sebalds (1944β2001) zwei Werken "Die Ringe des Saturn" (1995) und "Austerlitz" (2001) in deutschen, englischen, dΓ€nischen und schwedischen Ausgaben.
Tobias Vogt erhellt am frΓΌhen Beispiel der hintergrΓΌndigen Bildsprache der Michelin-Werbung um 1900 die untrennbare Verflechtung von Kunst, Γkonomie und Publikationsstrategien in der franzΓΆsischen Avantgarde und rekonstruiert zugleich die Material- und Kulturgeschichte des Kautschuks zwischen Reifenproduktion und Collage.
Christin KrΓΌger betrachtet den Zusammenhang zwischen Gliederpuppe bzw. Marionette und der Konstitution eines (literarischen) Textes. So ist die Gliederpuppe in Heinrich von Kleists Essay "Γber das Marionettentheater" nicht nur Gegenstand der ErzΓ€hlung, sondern ein PhΓ€nomen des Textes selbst, indem die gegliederte Rede zum Akteur eines "Artikulationsspektakels" wird. Dies verbindet Kleists Schrift mit den ΓΌber Jean Starobinski vermittelten Anagramm-Studien Ferdinand de Saussures, in denen die Gliederpuppe als zentrale Reflexionsfigur wieder auftaucht, und mit der eingehenden BeschΓ€ftigung Hans Bellmers mit Puppen, die nicht zuletzt in der Illustration von Kleists "Marionettentheater" kulminiert.
Using a sample of 4.48Γ108ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we study the two-photon decays of the pseudoscalar mesons π0, π, πβ², πβ‘(1405), πβ‘(1475), πβ‘(1760), and πβ‘(1835) in π½/π radiative decays using πβ‘(3686)βπ+β’πββ’π½/π events. The π0, π, and πβ² mesons are clearly observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and the branching fractions are determined to be π΅β‘(π½/πβπΎβ’π0β3β’πΎ)=(3.57Β±0.12Β±0.16)Γ10β5, π΅β‘(π½/πβπΎβ’πβ3β’πΎ)=(4.42Β±0.04Β±0.18)Γ10β4, and π΅β‘(π½/πβπΎβ’πβ²β3β’πΎ)=(1.26Β±0.02Β±0.05)Γ10β4, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. No clear signal for πβ‘(1405), πβ‘(1475), πβ‘(1760) or πβ‘(1835) is observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product branching fractions are obtained.
Magnus Wieland untersucht in seinem Beitrag die Bedeutung von HΓΌten, die sich als motivischer und biographischer roter Faden durch die Kunst der Avantgarde ziehen. Vielsagend ist die etymologische Anspielung auf die 'Vor-HΓΌte' der Avantgarde, da sich anhand kopfloser oder fortfliegender HΓΌte die antibΓΌrgerliche Γsthetik der Avantgarde 'in nuce' skizzieren lΓ€sst.
Die vielgestaltige Kunst der europΓ€ischen Avantgarden hat besondere Dinge, Objekte oder Artefakte hervorgebracht, die hier ins Zentrum einer interdisziplinΓ€r erarbeiteten Sammlung historischer Fallstudien gerΓΌckt werden. Die BeitrΓ€ge untersuchen aus Sicht der digitalen Gegenwart sprechende GegenstΓ€nde wie HΓΌte, Puppen, BΓΌcher in print on demand, Fototexte, Audiokassetten und diverse Archivalien, zudem einzigartige kulturhistorische und kΓΌnstlerische Produktionen, etwa das 'Michelin-MΓ€nnchen', Hannah HΓΆchs 'Hampelfrau' und Schreibautomaten. Eine neu akzentuierte Literaturgeschichte der Objekte zeichnet sich hier ab, zugleich eine andere Geschichte der Avantgarden von ihren RΓ€ndern her.
Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay ΞcβΊβββΞβ
+β
X
(2018)
Based on an π+β’πβ collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567ββpbβ1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of βπ =4.6ββGeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Ξ+πβΞ+π to be β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)=(38.β’2+2.8β2.2Β±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where π refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct πΆβ’π violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain ππΆβ’πβ‘[β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)ββ¬β‘(Β―Ξβπ β Β―Ξ+π)]/[β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)+β¬β‘(Β―Ξβπ β Β―Ξ+π)]=(2.β’1+7.0β6.6Β±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of πΆβ’π violation.
Die vielgestaltige Kunst der europΓ€ischen Avantgarden hat besondere Dinge, Objekte oder Artefakte hervorgebracht, die hier ins Zentrum einer interdisziplinΓ€r erarbeiteten Sammlung historischer Fallstudien gerΓΌckt werden. Die BeitrΓ€ge untersuchen aus Sicht der digitalen Gegenwart sprechende GegenstΓ€nde wie HΓΌte, Puppen, BΓΌcher in print on demand, Fototexte, Audiokassetten und diverse Archivalien, zudem einzigartige kulturhistorische und kΓΌnstlerische Produktionen, etwa das 'Michelin-MΓ€nnchen', Hannah HΓΆchs 'Hampelfrau' und Schreibautomaten. Eine neu akzentuierte Literaturgeschichte der Objekte zeichnet sich hier ab, zugleich eine andere Geschichte der Avantgarden von ihren RΓ€ndern her.
We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of Dbar D final states at the Ο(3770) resonance. Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fbβ1 of e+eβ annihilation data produced by the BEPCII collider and collected and analyzed with the BESIII detector. We exclusively reconstruct three D0 and six D+ hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed Dbar D events ("double tags") to the yield of all reconstructed D or bar D mesons ("single tags") to determine the number of D0bar D0 and D+Dβ events, benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties. Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample, we find the cross sections to be Ο(e+eβ β D0bar D0) nb and Ο(e+eβ β D+Dβ) = (2.830 Β± 0.011 Β± 0.026) nb, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Using a data sample of π+β’πβ collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567ββpbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of βπ =4.6ββGeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive semileptonic Ξ+π decay with a double-tag method. We obtain β¬β‘(Ξ+πβπβ’π+β’ππ)=(3.95Β±0.34Β±0.09)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using the known Ξ+π lifetime and the charge-averaged semileptonic decay width of nonstrange charmed mesons (π·0 and π·+), we obtain the ratio of the inclusive semileptonic decay widths Ξβ‘(Ξ+πβπβ’π+β’ππ)/Β―Ξβ‘(π·βπβ’π+β’ππ)=1.26Β±0.12.
In the present study, a revision of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Dorididae is carried out focusing on the genus Doris Linnaeus, 1758. The type species D. verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 and a blueish and yellow morphotype of D. ocelligera collected in different localities in the Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic were sequenced, as well as D. bertheloti and the elusive D. marmorata for the first time. The genetic markers include the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone 3. The phylogenetic results suggest that the genus Doris is paraphyletic, and D. ocelligera morphotypes separate into two species, as confirmed with species delimitation tests. To complement the phylogenetic evidence with morphoanatomical data, the dissection of two specimens of each morphotype is conducted. Significant differences in morphological traits such as body shape, colouration patterns, and mantle tubercles come to light, together with anatomical differences in the relative shape and size of the radular teeth and reproductive structures. Considering the modern and old descriptions of D. ocelligera, it is finally concluded that the blueish morphotype belongs to D. ocelligera. In contrast, the yellow morphotype responds to the actual synonym Aldisa berghi (Vayssière, 1901), which is resurrected here as Doris berghi comb. rest. Considering the broad phylogeny of the family, some systematic notes at the genus level are here provided.
New World lampyrid taxonomy faces severe taxonomic impediments. Most species remain known from original taxonomic descriptions only, often insufficient for accurate identification. Therefore, the study of type specimens is critical to ensure proper identification. The Russian entomologist Viktor Ivanovich Motschulsky was one of the most important authors of firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) taxonomy during the XIXth century, and his work is still relevant today. Part of his material, including the type specimens of several species, is deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Unlike their European, Asian, and Oceanian counterparts, the taxonomy of Neotropical fireflies is still in its infancy, partly due to largely outdated literature and difficulties in accessing type specimens. Here, we review the type specimens of 38 firefly species deposited at ZIN, 15 of which are holotypes and 7 are lectotypes. For each specimen, the name-bearing status, condition of preservation, as well as the associated label data are provided. Lectotypes are designated for the following species described by Motschulsky: Bicellonycha lividipennis, Ellychnia californica, Lychnuris klugii, Macrolampis longipennis, Pseudolychnuris suturalis, Telephoroides lineaticollis, Telephoroide occidentalis.
Four new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896, C. triangula sp. nov., C. saccata sp. nov., C. trilobata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. from China (Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan provinces), are described and illustrated, giving the genus 14 species in total. A checklist and key to all known species of Catonidia are provided, as well as a map of their geographic distributions.
Phyllanthus novofriburgensis J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. and P. pedrosae J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga sp. nov. are new species of Phyllanthaceae described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Cerrado, respectively. Phyllanthus novofriburgensis resembles P. acutifolius Poir. ex Spreng., P. hypoleucus MΓΌll.Arg. and P. lilliputianus J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga, sharing ovate, elliptical, and lanceolate leaf blades. However, it can be distinguished by its pendulous habit, often with sinuous branches and lanceolate leaf blades with characteristically revolute margins. Phyllanthus pedrosae exhibits morphological similarities with P. claussenii MΓΌll.Arg. due to its subshrubby and prostrate habit. It is distinghuished by the unisexual inflorescence with cymules composed of one or two staminate flowers proximally positioned in the axil of the branches and solitary pistillate flowers distally situated, and the 5-merous calyx in the staminate and pistillate flowers. Both new species are classified in Phyllanthus subgen. Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani G.L.Webster, primarily due to the deeply emarginate anthers. Notes on their geographical distribution and habitat are provided, as well as a key to the species of Phyllanthus from Southeastern Brazil.
Four new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896, C. triangula sp. nov., C. saccata sp. nov., C. trilobata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. from China (Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan provinces), are described and illustrated, giving the genus 14 species in total. A checklist and key to all known species of Catonidia are provided, as well as a map of their geographic distributions.
Anthrenus (Anthrenus) querneri (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae), a new species from Austria
(2024)
A new species, Anthrenus (Anthrenus) querneri Holloway (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae) from Austria is described and compared with A. pimpinellae (Fabricius, 1775), the most similar species. Images of the habitus, ventrites, antenna, aedeagus, and sternite IX are presented. Anthrenus querneri represents the 26th species belonging to the Palaearctic Anthrenus pimpinellae complex.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EF3828C0-DDD2-4619-9F86-BC8626522465
The subfamily Prosympiestinae (Heteroptera: Aradidae) is revised for New Zealand. Three genera and thirteen species are recognized. Five species are described as new: Neadenocoris centralis Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neadenocoris hoarei Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neadenocoris northlandicus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neadenocoris pseudovatus Larivière and Larochelle new species, Neadenocoris wellingtonensis Larivière and Larochelle new species. One new synonymy is established: Neadenocoris reflexus Usinger and Matsuda, 1959 becomes a junior synonym of Neadenocoris acutus Usinger and Matsuda, 1959. A revision of all taxa is provided. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations of male parandria, habitus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Extensive information on biology is included for each species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BFF9716E-100D-492F-8F11-6F8EFBADF940
Anthrenus (Nathrenus) peacockae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae), a new species from Pakistan
(2024)
A new species, Anthrenus (Nathrenus) peacockae Holloway (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae) from Pakistan is described and compared with A. narani HΓ‘va and Ahmed, 2014, the most similar species. Images of the habitus, ventrites, antenna, aedeagus, sternites VIII and IX are presented. Anthrenus peacockae is only the third species in the subgenus Nathrenus Casey, 1900 to be recorded from Pakistan.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F68C53E2-3BCF-4F6B-A838-A14EE2FA4B66
Eucnemis Ahrens, 1812 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Eucneminae: Eucnemini) is reviewed from the Nearctic region. Eucnemis americanus Horn is redescribed and illustrated and a new species, Eucnemis piceous Muona and Otto, is described and illustrated from Ontario, Canada and the United States from Wisconsin south to Kentucky, east to Massachusetts and West Virginia, north to Connecticut and Rhode Island. Thus, E. americanus is restricted to the western coastline of northern North America from northern California to northern Washington. A key is provided for the two species.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:00D66817-BDB5-4AEF-B703-CFA479510B81
Using π+β’πββΞ+πβ’Β―Ξβπ production from a 567ββpbβ1 data sample collected by BESIII at 4.6 GeV, a full angular analysis is carried out simultaneously on the four decay modes of Ξ+πβπβ’πΎ0π, Ξβ’π+, Ξ£+β’π0, and Ξ£0β’π+. For the first time, the Ξ+π transverse polarization is studied in unpolarized π+β’πβ collisions, where a nonzero effect is observed with a statistical significance of 2.1β’π. The decay asymmetry parameters of the Ξ+π weak hadronic decays into πβ’πΎ0π, Ξβ’π+, Ξ£+β’π0 and Ξ£0β’π+ are measured to be 0.18Β±0.43β’(stat)Β±0.14β’(syst), β0.80Β±0.11β’(stat)Β±0.02β’(syst), β0.57Β±0.10β’(stat)Β±0.07β’(syst), and β0.73Β±0.17β’(stat)Β±0.07β’(syst), respectively. In comparison with previous results, the measurements for the Ξβ’π+ and Ξ£+β’π0 modes are consistent but with improved precision, while the parameters for the πβ’πΎ0π and Ξ£0β’π+ modes are measured for the first time.
We measure the Born cross sections of the process π+β’πββπΎ+β’πΎββ’πΎ+β’πΎβ at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies, βπ , between 2.100 and 3.080 GeV. The data were collected using the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An enhancement at βπ =2.232ββGeV is observed, very close to the π+β’πββΞβ’Β―Ξ production threshold. A similar enhancement at the same c.m. energy is observed in the π+β’πββπβ’πΎ+β’πΎβ cross section. The energy dependence of the πΎ+β’πΎββ’πΎ+β’πΎβ and πβ’πΎ+β’πΎβ cross sections differs significantly from that of π+β’πββπβ’π+β’πβ.
Using 2.93ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the first observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 is reported. After removing decays that contain narrow intermediate resonances, including π·+βπΎ+β’π, π·+βπΎ+β’π, and π·+βπΎ+β’π, the branching fraction of the decay π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 is measured to be (1.13Β±0.0β’8statΒ±0.0β’3syst)Γ10β3. The ratio of branching fractions of π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 over π·+βπΎββ’π+β’π+β’π0 is found to be (1.81Β±0.15)%, which corresponds to (6.28Β±0.52)β’tan4β‘ππΆ, where ππΆ is the Cabibbo mixing angle. This ratio is significantly larger than the corresponding ratios for other doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays. The asymmetry of the branching fractions of charge-conjugated decays π·Β±βπΎΒ±β’πΒ±β’πββ’π0 is also determined, and no evidence for πΆβ’π violation is found. In addition, the first evidence for the π·+βπΎ+β’π decay, with a statistical significance of 3.3β’π, is presented and the branching fraction is measured to be β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ+β’π) = (5.β’7+2.5β2.1statΒ±0.β’2syst)Γ10β5.
The process π+β’πββπβ’πβ² has been studied for the first time in detail using data sample collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies from 2.05 to 3.08 GeV. A resonance with quantum numbers π½πβ’πΆ=1ββ is observed with mass π=(2177.5Β±4.8β’(stat)Β±19.5β’(syst))β’MeV/π2 and width Ξ=(149.0Β±15.6β’(stat)Β±8.9β’(syst))ββMeV with a statistical significance larger than 10β’π, including systematic uncertainties. If the observed structure is identified with the πβ‘(2170), then the ratio of partial width between the πβ’πβ² by BESIII and πβ’π by BABAR is (β¬π
πβ’πβ’Ξπ
πβ’π)/(β¬π
πβ’πβ²β’Ξπ
πβ’π)=0.23Β±0.10β’(stat)Β±0.18β’(syst), which is smaller than the prediction of the π β’Β―π β’π hybrid models by several orders of magnitude.
By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure for the first time the absolute branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=(10.4Β±1.β’0statΒ±0.β’5syst)Γ10β4. Using the world averaged value of β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ/β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=0.91Β±0.13(stat+syst), which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within uncertainty. By studying the differential decay rates in five four-momentum transfer intervals, we obtain the product of the hadronic form factor ππ+β‘(0) and the πβπ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |ππβ’π| to be ππ+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π|=0.087Β±0.00β’8statΒ±0.00β’2syst. Taking the input of |ππβ’π| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ππ+β‘(0)=0.39Β±0.0β’4statΒ±0.0β’1syst. On the other hand, using the value of ππ+β‘(0) calculated in theory, we find |ππβ’π| = 0.242Β±0.02β’2statΒ±0.00β’6systΒ±0.03β’3theory.
We report the first observation of the semimuonic decay π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ using an π+β’πβ collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV. The absolute branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay is measured to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=(17.7Β±1.β’8statΒ±1.β’1syst)Γ10β4. Its ratio with the world average value of the branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay probes lepton flavor universality and it is determined to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ/β¬PDG π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=1.05Β±0.14, in agreement with the standard model expectation within one standard deviation.
Although, during the past decades, substantial advances emerged in identifying major local and systemic factors contributing to initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), some neuroendocrine mechanisms are still not understood or even neglected when thinking about novel therapeutic options. One of which is the sympathetic nervous system that exhibits various OA-promoting effects in different tissues of the joint. Interestingly, the Ξ²2-adrenoceptor (AR) mediates the majority of these effects as demonstrated by several in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical studies. This review article does not only summarize studies of the past two decades demonstrating that the Ξ²2-AR plays an OA-promoting role in different tissues of the joint but also aims to encourage the reader to think about next-level research to discover novel and innovative preventive and/or therapeutic strategies targeting the Ξ²2-AR in OA.
Als Carlo Ginzburg die These formulierte, dass die Geisteswissenschaften wie die Kriminalliteratur im sog. "Indizienparadigma" grΓΌndeten, hatte er mit Sherlock Holmes einen Detektiv vor Augen, der persΓΆnlich den Tatort besichtigte. Dort erhob er Spuren, kombinierte sie und kam in oftmals ingeniΓΆsen, aber auch hΓΆchst spekulativen Schlussfolgerungen zur LΓΆsung seines Falls. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Entwicklungen in Forschung und Fahndung muss dieses materiell und empirisch grundierte "Indizienparadigma" jedoch einer Revision unterzogen werden. Denn seit der Privatdetektiv von "Kommissar Computer" Konkurrenz bekommen hat, haben sich die Investigationspraktiken grundlegend gewandelt: So kΓΆnnen computergestΓΌtzte Fahndungs- und AufklΓ€rungsmethoden eine Besichtigung des Tatorts ersetzen, wΓ€hrend algorithmische Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung vergangene wie zukΓΌnftige FΓ€lle erhellt. Der vorliegende Sammelband mit BeitrΓ€gen aus der Literatur-, Medien- und Designwissenschaft untersucht, inwiefern solche "virtuellen Investigationen" in Literatur und Kunst der Gegenwart eine Revision des Indizienparadigmas einschlieΓen - und inwiefern Begriffe der VirtualitΓ€t bereits die Investigativarbeit im 19. Jahrhundert prΓ€gten.
Study of the process eβΊeβ»βββΟβ°Οβ°J/Ο and neutral charmoniumlike state Zc(3900)β°
(2020)
Cross sections of the process π+β’πββπ0β’π0β’π½/π at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.600 GeV are measured with high precision by using 12.4ββfbβ1 of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider facility. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross sections confirms the existence of the charmoniumlike state πβ‘(4220). The mass and width of the πβ‘(4220) are determined to be (4220.4Β±2.4Β±2.3) MeV/π2 and (46.2Β±4.7Β±2.1)ββMeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass and width are consistent with those measured in the process π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π½/π. The neutral charmonium-like state ππβ’(3900)0 is observed prominently in the π0β’π½/π invariant-mass spectrum, and, for the first time, an amplitude analysis is performed to study its properties. The spin-parity of ππβ’(3900)0 is determined to be π½π=1+, and the pole position is (3893.1Β±2.2Β±3.0)βπβ’(22.2Β±2.6Β±7.0)ββMeV/π2, which is consistent with previous studies of electrically charged ππβ’(3900)Β±. In addition, cross sections of π+β’πβ β π0β’ππβ’(3900)0 β π0β’π0β’π½/π are extracted, and the corresponding line shape is found to agree with that of the πβ‘(4220).
The Chinese members of the genera Leptothorax Mayr, 1855 and Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 are reviewed based on the morphological characters of the worker caste, and 66 species are recognized in China to date. A new synonym is proposed: T. opaciabdomin (Chang & He, 2001) is a junior synonym of T. mongolicus (Pisarski, 1969). Twenty-eight new species of Temnothorax, T. bailu sp. nov., T. chun sp. nov., T. chunfen sp. nov., T. chushu sp. nov., T. dahan sp. nov., T. dashu sp. nov., T. daxue sp. nov., T. dong sp. nov., T. dongzhi sp. nov., T. guyu sp. nov., T. hanlu sp. nov., T. jingzhe sp. nov., T. lichun sp. nov., T. lidong sp. nov., T. liqiu sp. nov., T. lixia sp. nov., T. mangzhong sp. nov., T. qingming sp. nov., T. qiu sp. nov., T. qiufen sp. nov.,T. shuangjiang sp. nov., T. xia sp. nov., T. xiaohan sp. nov., T. xiaoman sp. nov., T. xiaoshu sp. nov., T. xiaoxue sp. nov., T. xiazhi sp. nov., T. yushui sp. nov., are described from China based on worker caste. Three species of Temnothorax, T. desioi (Menozzi, 1939), T. susamyri (Dlussky, 1965) and T. volgensis (Ruzsky, 1905) are recorded in China for the first time. The following eight species are recorded in a province or autonomous region of China for the first time: Leptothorax acervorum (Fabricius, 1793) is a new record in Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan; Temnothorax angulohumerus Zhou et al., 2010 is a new record in Guizhou and Tibet; T. argentipes (Wheeler, 1928) is a new record in Sichuan and Yunnan; T. mongolicus (Pisarski, 1969) is a new record in Inner Mongolia; T. reticulatus (Chang & He, 2001) is a new record in Beijing, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shaanxi and Yunnan; T. spinosior (Forel, 1901) is a new record in Yunnan; T. taivanensis (Wheeler, 1929) is a new record in Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan; and T. zhejiangensis Zhou et al., 2010 is a new record in Henan and Guangxi. A key based on the worker caste is provided for the 66 known Chinese species.
The radiative hyperon decay ΞβnΞ³ is studied using (10087Β±44)Γ106 J/Ο events collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII. The absolute branching fraction of the decay ΞβnΞ³ is determined with a significance of 5.6Ο to be [0.832Β±0.038(stat.)Β±0.054(syst.)]Γ10β3, which lies significantly below the current PDG value. By analyzing the joint angular distribution of the decay products, the first determination of the decay asymmetry Ξ±Ξ³ is reported with a value of β0.16Β±0.10(stat.)Β±0.05(syst.).
Using about 23 fbβ1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a precise measurement of the e+eββΟ+ΟβJ/Ο Born cross section is performed at center-of-mass energies from 3.7730 to 4.7008 GeV. Two structures, identified as the Y(4220) and the Y(4320) states, are observed in the energy-dependent cross section with a significance larger than 10Ο. The masses and widths of the two structures are determined to be (M,Ξ) = (4221.4Β±1.5Β±2.0 MeV/c2, 41.8Β±2.9Β±2.7 MeV) and (M,Ξ) = (4298Β±12Β±26 MeV/c2, 127Β±17Β±10 MeV), respectively. A small enhancement around 4.5 GeV with a significance about 3Ο, compatible with the Ο(4415), might also indicate the presence of an additional resonance in the spectrum. The inclusion of this additional contribution in the fit to the cross section affects the resonance parameters of the Y(4320) state.
Using about 23 fbβ1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a precise measurement of the e+eββΟ+ΟβJ/Ο Born cross section is performed at center-of-mass energies from 3.7730 to 4.7008 GeV. Two structures, identified as the Y(4220) and the Y(4320) states, are observed in the energy-dependent cross section with a significance larger than 10Ο. The masses and widths of the two structures are determined to be (M,Ξ) = (4221.4Β±1.5Β±2.0 MeV/c2, 41.8Β±2.9Β±2.7 MeV) and (M,Ξ) = (4298Β±12Β±26 MeV/c2, 127Β±17Β±10 MeV), respectively. A small enhancement around 4.5 GeV with a significance about 3Ο, compatible with the Ο(4415), might also indicate the presence of an additional resonance in the spectrum. The inclusion of this additional contribution in the fit to the cross section affects the resonance parameters of the Y(4320) state.
By analyzing an electron-positron collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we obtain for the first time the absolute branching fractions for seven π·0 and π·+ hadronic decay modes and search for the hadronic decay π·0βπΎ0πβ’πΎ0πβ’π0 with much improved sensitivity. The results are β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’π0β’π0β’π0)=(7.64Β±0.30Β±0.29)Γ10β3, β‘(π·0βπΎββ’π+β’π0β’π0β’π0)=9.54Β±0.30Β±0.31)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0β’π0)=(12.66Β±0.45Β±0.43)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π0β’π0)=(29.04Β±0.62Β±0.87)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π+β’πββ’π0)=(15.28Β±0.57Β±0.60)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π0β’π0β’π0)=(5.54Β±0.44Β±0.32)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎββ’π+β’π+β’π0β’π0)=(4.95Β±0.26Β±0.19)Γ10β3, and β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’πΎ0πβ’π0)<1.45Γ10β4 at the 90% confidence level. Here, the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second ones are systematic. The newly studied decays greatly enrich the knowledge of the π·βΒ―πΎβ’πβ’πβ’π and π·βΒ―πΎβ’πβ’πβ’πβ’π hadronic decays and open a bridge to access more two-body hadronic π· decays containing scalar, vector, axial, and tensor mesons in the charm sector.
Based on (10087Β±44)Γ106ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the double Dalitz decay πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ is observed for the first time via the π½/πβπΎβ’πβ² decay process. The significance is found to be 5.7β’π with systematic uncertainties taken into consideration. Its branching fraction is determined to be β¬β‘(πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ)=(4.5Β±1.0β’(stat)Β±0.5β’(sys))Γ10β6.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.3ββfbβ1 collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.23 to 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the product of the π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π2β‘(3823) cross section and the branching fraction β¬β‘[π2β‘(3823)βπΎβ’ππβ’1]. For the first time, resonance structure is observed in the cross section line shape of π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π2β‘(3823) with significances exceeding 5β’π. A fit to data with two coherent Breit-Wigner resonances modeling the βπ -dependent cross section yields πβ‘(π
1)=4406.9Β±17.2Β±4.5ββMeV/π2, Ξβ‘(π
1)=128.1Β±37.2Β±2.3ββMeV, and πβ‘(π
2)=4647.9Β±8.6Β±0.8ββMeV/π2, Ξβ‘(π
2)=33.1Β±18.6Β±4.1ββMeV. Though weakly disfavored by the data, a single resonance with πβ‘(π
)=4417.5Β±26.2Β±3.5ββMeV/π2, Ξβ‘(π
)=245Β±48Β±13ββMeV is also possible to interpret data. This observation deepens our understanding of the nature of the vector charmoniumlike states. The mass of the π2β‘(3823) state is measured as (3823.12Β±0.43Β±0.13)ββMeV/π2, which is the most precise measurement to date.
The cross sections of e+eββK+KβJ/Ο at center-of-mass energies from 4.127 to 4.600~GeV are measured based on 15.6 fbβ1 data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two resonant structures are observed in the line shape of the cross sections. The mass and width of the first structure are measured to be (4225.3Β±2.3Β±21.5) MeV and (72.9Β±6.1Β±30.8)~MeV, respectively. They are consistent with those of the established Y(4230). The second structure is observed for the first time with a statistical significance greater than 8Ο, denoted as Y(4500). Its mass and width are determined to be (4484.7Β±13.3Β±24.1) MeV and (111.1Β±30.1Β±15.2) MeV, respectively. The first presented uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The product of the electronic partial width with the decay branching fraction Ξ(Y(4230)βe+eβ)B(Y(4230)βK+KβJ/Ο) is reported.
The cross sections of e+eββK+KβJ/Ο at center-of-mass energies from 4.127 to 4.600 GeV are measured based on 15.6 fbβ1 data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two resonant structures are observed in the line shape of the cross sections. The mass and width of the first structure are measured to be (4225.3 Β± 2.3 Β± 21.5) MeV and (72.9Β±6.1Β±30.8) MeV, respectively. They are consistent with those of the established Y(4230). The second structure is observed for the first time with a statistical significance greater than 8Ο, denoted as Y(4500). Its mass and width are determined to be (4484.7 Β± 13.3 Β± 24.1) MeV and (111.1 Β± 30.1 Β± 15.2) MeV, respectively. The first presented uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The product of the electronic partial width with the decay branching fraction Ξ(Y(4230)βe+eβ)B(Y(4230) β K+KβJ/Ο) is reported.
The cross sections of e+eββK+KβJ/Ο at center-of-mass energies from 4.127 to 4.600~GeV are measured based on 15.6 fbβ1 data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two resonant structures are observed in the line shape of the cross sections. The mass and width of the first structure are measured to be (4225.3Β±2.3Β±21.5) MeV and (72.9Β±6.1Β±30.8)~MeV, respectively. They are consistent with those of the established Y(4230). The second structure is observed for the first time with a statistical significance greater than 8Ο, denoted as Y(4500). Its mass and width are determined to be (4484.7Β±13.3Β±24.1) MeV and (111.1Β±30.1Β±15.2) MeV, respectively. The first presented uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The product of the electronic partial width with the decay branching fraction Ξ(Y(4230)βe+eβ)B(Y(4230)βK+KβJ/Ο) is reported.
The cross sections of e+eββK+KβJ/Ο at center-of-mass energies from 4.127 to 4.600~GeV are measured based on 15.6 fbβ1 data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two resonant structures are observed in the line shape of the cross sections. The mass and width of the first structure are measured to be (4225.3Β±2.3Β±21.5) MeV and (72.9Β±6.1Β±30.8)~MeV, respectively. They are consistent with those of the established Y(4230). The second structure is observed for the first time with a statistical significance greater than 8Ο, denoted as Y(4500). Its mass and width are determined to be (4484.7Β±13.3Β±24.1) MeV and (111.1Β±30.1Β±15.2) MeV, respectively. The first presented uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The product of the electronic partial width with the decay branching fraction Ξ(Y(4230)βe+eβ)B(Y(4230)βK+KβJ/Ο) is reported.
First observation of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβ° and evidence of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβΊΟβ»
(2023)
We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0 with a significance of 5.7Ο and the first evidence of Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ decay with a significance of 3.1Ο, based on e+eβ annihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fbβ1, in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 GeV to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0 and Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0)B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο0)=(2.09Β±0.39stat.Β±0.07syst.)Γ10β2 and B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ)B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο+Οβ)=(1.13Β±0.41stat.Β±0.06syst.)Γ10β2, respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο0), we obtain the branching fraction B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0)=(1.49Β±0.27stat.Β±0.05syst.Β±0.08ref.)Γ10β3. This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark SU(3) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair S-wave amplitude dominance.
First observation of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβ° and evidence of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβΊΟβ»
(2024)
We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0 with a significance of 5.7Ο and the first evidence of Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ decay with a significance of 3.1Ο, based on e+eβ annihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fbβ1, in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 GeV to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0 and Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0)B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο0)=(2.09Β±0.39stat.Β±0.07syst.)Γ10β2 and B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο+Οβ)B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο+Οβ)=(1.13Β±0.41stat.Β±0.06syst.)Γ10β2, respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of B(Ξ+cβΞΟ+Ο0), we obtain the branching fraction B(Ξ+cβΞK+Ο0)=(1.49Β±0.27stat.Β±0.05syst.Β±0.08ref.)Γ10β3. This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark SU(3) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair S-wave amplitude dominance.
First observation of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβ° and evidence of ΞcβΊβββΞKβΊΟβΊΟβ»
(2024)
We present the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π0 with a significance of 5.7β’π and the first evidence of Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π+β’πβ decay with a significance of 3.1β’π, based on π+β’πβannihilation data recorded by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6.4ββfbβ1, in the center-of-mass energy range from 4.600 to 4.950 GeV. We determine the branching fractions of Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π0 and Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π+β’πβ relative to their Cabibbo-favored counterparts to be β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π0)β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’π+β’π0) = (2.09Β±0.3β’9statΒ±0.0β’7syst)Γ10β2 and β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π+β’πβ)β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’π+β’π+β’πβ) = (1.13Β±0.4β’1statΒ±0.0β’6syst)Γ10β2, respectively. Moreover, by combining our measured result with the world average of β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’π+β’π0), we obtain the branching fraction β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞβ’πΎ+β’π0) = (1.49Β±0.2β’7statΒ±0.0β’5systΒ±0.0β’8ref)Γ10β3. This result significantly departs from theoretical predictions based on quark πβ’πβ‘(3) flavor symmetry, which is underpinned by the presumption of meson pair π-wave amplitude dominance.
A light scalar X0 or vector X1 particles have been introduced as a possible explanation for the (gβ2)ΞΌ anomaly and dark matter phenomena.
Using (8.998Β±0.039)Γ109 $\jpsi$ events collected by the BESIII detector, we search for a light muon philic scalar X0 or vector X1 in the processes J/ΟβΞΌ+ΞΌβX0,1 with X0,1 invisible decays. No obvious signal is found, and the upper limits on the coupling gβ²0,1 between the muon and the X0,1 particles are set to be between 1.1Γ10β3 and 1.0Γ10β2 for the X0,1 mass in the range of 1<M(X0,1)<1000~MeV/c2 at 90% confidence level.
A light scalar X0 or vector X1 particles have been introduced as a possible explanation for the (gβ2)ΞΌ anomaly and dark matter phenomena.
Using (8.998Β±0.039)Γ109 $\jpsi$ events collected by the BESIII detector, we search for a light muon philic scalar X0 or vector X1 in the processes J/ΟβΞΌ+ΞΌβX0,1 with X0,1 invisible decays. No obvious signal is found, and the upper limits on the coupling gβ²0,1 between the muon and the X0,1 particles are set to be between 1.1Γ10β3 and 1.0Γ10β2 for the X0,1 mass in the range of 1<M(X0,1)<1000 MeV/c2 at 90% confidence level.
The Cabbibo-favored decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is studied for the first time using 6.1 fbβ1 of e+eβ collision data at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.840 GeV, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. With a double-tag method, the branching fraction of the three-body decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is measured to be (7.79Β±1.46Β±0.71)Γ10β3, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The branching fraction of the two-body decay Ξ+cβΞ(1530)0K+ is (5.99Β±1.04Β±0.29)Γ10β3, which is consistent with the previous result of (5.02Β±0.99Β±0.31)Γ10β3. In addition, the upper limit on the branching fraction of the doubly Cabbibo-suppressed decay Ξ+cβnK+Ο0 is 7.1Γ10β4 at the 90% confidence level. The upper limits on the branching fractions of Ξ+cβΞ£0K+Ο0 and ΞK+Ο0 are also determined to be 1.8Γ10β3 and 2.0Γ10β3, respectively.
The Cabbibo-favored decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is studied for the first time using 6.1 fbβ1 of e+eβ collision data at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.840 GeV, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. With a double-tag method, the branching fraction of the three-body decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is measured to be (7.79Β±1.46Β±0.71)Γ10β3, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The branching fraction of the two-body decay Ξ+cβΞ(1530)0K+ is (5.99Β±1.04Β±0.29)Γ10β3, which is consistent with the previous result of (5.02Β±0.99Β±0.31)Γ10β3. In addition, the upper limit on the branching fraction of the doubly Cabbibo-suppressed decay Ξ+cβnK+Ο0 is 7.1Γ10β4 at the 90% confidence level. The upper limits on the branching fractions of Ξ+cβΞ£0K+Ο0 and ΞK+Ο0 are also determined to be 1.8Γ10β3 and 2.0Γ10β3, respectively.
The Cabbibo-favored decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is studied for the first time using 6.1 fbβ1 of e+eβ collision data at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.840 GeV, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. With a double-tag method, the branching fraction of the three-body decay Ξ+cβΞ0K+Ο0 is measured to be (7.79Β±1.46Β±0.71)Γ10β3, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The branching fraction of the two-body decay Ξ+cβΞ(1530)0K+ is (5.99Β±1.04Β±0.29)Γ10β3, which is consistent with the previous result of (5.02Β±0.99Β±0.31)Γ10β3. In addition, the upper limit on the branching fraction of the doubly Cabbibo-suppressed decay Ξ+cβnK+Ο0 is 7.1Γ10β4 at the 90% confidence level. The upper limits on the branching fractions of Ξ+cβΞ£0K+Ο0 and ΞK+Ο0 are also determined to be 1.8Γ10β3 and 2.0Γ10β3, respectively.
The processes π+β’πββπ·+ π β’π·π β’1β’(2460)β+c.c. and π+β’πββπ·*+ π β’π·π β’1β’(2460)β+c.c. are studied for the first time using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections of π+β’πββπ·+ π β’π·π β’1β’(2460)β+c.c. at nine center-of-mass energies between 4.467 GeV and 4.600 GeV and those of π+β’πββπ·*+ π β’π·π β’1β’(2460)β+c.c. at βπ =4.590ββGeV and 4.600 GeV are measured. No obvious charmonium or charmoniumlike structure is seen in the measured cross sections.
In the digital condition, social networks are part of the everyday practices that produce constructions of space. To include this phenomenon in the Geography classroom, the corresponding knowledge that teachers require and how to measure it need to be determined. For this purpose, a specific instrument is necessary. We analyse constructions of space as a teacher knowledge domain through the lens of the TPACK model and deduce pedagogical and technological knowledge. We then combine these results with available TPACK survey instruments. The product is a self-assessment survey for Geography teachers on constructions of space and social networks. Scale consistency measures and item discrimination yielded good results. Initial results indicate technological and pedagogical knowledge to be greater than content knowledge. The instrument we present is valid for determining future Geography teachersβ TPACK more broadly, and can reveal implications for interventions in Geography teacher education.
Digital spatial processes have been widely explored and investigated in subject-specific geographic research. So far, however, this research has not been sufficiently reflected in classrooms or teacher education, and remains unconnected to notions of geographical digital literacy. Viral constructions of space β realities shaped in everyday life that are experienced and (re-)produced by students and teachers alike through social media β present an opportunity for Geography education to adapt to the digital society. This paper attempts to connect viral constructions of space, the digital society and the knowledge teachers need to include viral constructions of space in the classroom using Mishra and Koehlerβs (2006) TPACK model, a well-established means for summarizing teachersβ technological, pedagogical and content knowledge for a specific topic. The paper focuses on content knowledge, identifies five sub-types of viral constructions of space, and extracts nine descriptors of teachersβ content knowledge. By focusing on content knowledge, the paper presents a starting point for future investigations of pedagogical and technological teacher knowledge as well as their intersections. It also raises awareness of viral constructions of space as both a new essential topic in the Geography classroom and a phenomenon already shaping learning environments for spatial acquisition.
Research on the human and animal microbiome has become increasingly important in recent years. It is now widely accepted the gut microbiome is of crucial importance to health, as it is involved in a large number of physiological processes. The term βmicrobiomeβ refers to the all living microorganisms including their genes and metabolites in a defined environment, while the specific composition of microorganisms consisting of bacteria, archaea and protozoa is referred to as the βmicrobiotaβ (Lane-Petter, 1962; Lederberg and McCray, 2001).
In recent years, research has focused on various of these communities in the soil (Fierer, 2017), water (Sunagawa et al., 2015), air (Leung et al., 2014) and especially in the human gut. However, this topic is also becoming increasingly relevant for the conservation of endangered species. In the face of global mass extinctions and the listing of over 42,000 animal species as βcritically endangeredβ, conservation breeding programmes are more important than ever (DΓaz et al., 2019; IUCN, 2022). The responsibility for these tasks lies with zoological institutions, which are dedicated to animal conservation and the continuous monitoring of animal welfare. Microbiome research offers a non-invasive method to support species conservation. By analysing faecal samples, microbial markers can be identified that provide important information about the health status and reproductive cycle of animals (Weingrill et al., 2004; Antwis et al., 2019). Zoological facilities also provide an ideal research environment for comparing individuals from different habitats. In addition, all necessary metadata such as age, sex, kinship or medical treatment are documented and can be used for the analysis.
This is the starting point for this thesis. In order to identify such microbial markers, it is necessary to understand the microbiome of a variety of animal species. The first aim is therefore to characterise the faecal microbiota of 31 mammalian species, focusing on herbivores and carnivores. It could be shown that they differ significantly in terms of both microbial diversity and microbiota composition. Herbivorous species express a very diverse microbial composition, consisting mainly of cellulose-degrading taxa of the families Fibrobacteraceae or Spirochaetaceae. In contrast, the microbiota of carnivorous species is less diverse and is dominated by protein-degrading Fusobacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae. In addition, this thesis proves that the microbiota of herbivorous species is highly consistent, whereas the microbiota of carnivorous species is highly variable. The results of this study provide important insights for the sampling scheme of future projects. Especially when analysing carnivorous species, single samples are not sufficient to capture the full variability of the microbiome.
These results lead to the question of whether this variability can be explained by daily fluctuations in the individual microbiome and whether this can be used to distinguish between species or individuals. Using individual longitudinal data and a combined approach of clustering algorithms and dynamic time warping, it is shown that such a distinction is possible at the species and individual level. This was confirmed for both a carnivorous (Panthera tigris) and a herbivorous (Connochaetes taurinus) species. These results confirm the influence of the host individual on the faecal microbiota, in addition to the often described influence of diet (Ley et al., 2008a; Kartzinel et al., 2019).
Based on the knowledge gained from these studies, a methodology has been developed that will enable the conservation of species in the field to be supported by microbiome research in the future. The focus here lays on the identification of host-specific metadata based on the faecal microbiota. The developed regression model is able to distinguish between carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous hosts with up to 99% accuracy. In addition, a more accurate phylogenetic classification of the family (Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Herpestidae) can be made for carnivorous hosts. For herbivorous hosts, the model can predict the respective digestive system with up to 100% accuracy, distinguishing between ruminants, hindgut fermenters and a simple digestive system. The acquisition of host-specific metadata from an unknown faecal sample is an important step towards establishing microbiome research in species conservation. Field studies in particular will benefit from such new methods. Usually, costly microsatellite analysis and high-quality host DNA are required to obtain host-specific information from faecal samples. The newly developed method offers a less costly and labour-intensive alternative to conventional techniques and opens up a more accessible field for microbiome research in the field.
Why scanning tunneling microscopy on SrβRuOβ sometimes doesnβt see the superconducting gap
(2024)
canning tunneling microscopy (STM) is perhaps the most promising way to detect the superconducting gap size and structure in the canonical unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 directly. However, in many cases, researchers have reported being unable to detect the gap at all in simple STM conductance measurements. Recently, an investigation of this issue on various local topographic structures on a Sr-terminated surface found that superconducting spectra appeared only in the region of small nanoscale canyons, corresponding to the removal of one RuO surface layer. Here, we analyze the electronic structure of various possible surface structures using first principles methods, and argue that bulk conditions favorable for superconductivity can be achieved when removal of the RuO layer suppresses the RuO4 octahedral rotation locally. We further propose alternative terminations to the most frequently reported Sr termination where superconductivity surfaces should be observed.
Motivated by the on-going discussion on the nature of magnetism in the quantum Ising chain CoNb2O6, we present a first-principles-based analysis of its exchange interactions by applying an \textit{ab initio} approach with additional modelling that accounts for various drawbacks of a purely density functional theory ansatz. With this method we are able to extract and understand the origin of the magnetic couplings under inclusion of all symmetry-allowed terms, and to resolve the conflicting model descriptions in CoNb2O6. We find that the twisted Kitaev chain and the transverse-field ferromagnetic Ising chain views are mutually compatible, although additional off-diagonal exchanges are necessary to provide a complete picture. We show that the dominant exchange interaction is a ligand-centered exchange process - involving the eg electrons -, which is rendered anisotropic by the low-symmetry crystal fields environments in CoNb2O6, giving rise to the dominant Ising exchange, while the smaller bond-dependent anisotropies are found to originate from dβd kinetic exchange processes involving the t2g electrons. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by comparing the predictions of the obtained low-energy model to measured THz and inelastic neutron scattering spectra.
he family of cubic noncentrosymmetric 3-4-3 compounds has become a fertile ground for the discovery of novel correlated metallic and insulating phases. Here, we report the synthesis of a new heavy fermion compound, Ce3β’Bi4β’Ni3. It is an isoelectronic analog of the prototypical Kondo insulator Ce3β’Bi4β’Pt3 and of the recently discovered Weyl-Kondo semimetal Ce3β’Bi4β’Pd3. In contrast to the volume-preserving Pt-Pd substitution, structural and chemical analyses reveal a positive chemical pressure effect in Ce3β’Bi4β’Ni3 relative to its heavier counterparts. Based on the results of electrical resistivity, Hall effect, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements, we identify an energy gap of 65β70 meV, about eight times larger than that in Ce3β’Bi4β’Pt3 and about 45 times larger than that of the Kondo-insulating background hosting the Weyl nodes in Ce3β’Bi4β’Pd3. We show that this gap as well as other physical properties do not evolve monotonically with increasing atomic number, i.e., in the sequence Ce3β’Bi4β’Ni3βCe3β’Bi4β’Pd3βCe3β’Bi4β’Pt3, but instead with increasing partial electronic density of states of the π orbitals at the Fermi energy. This work opens the possibility to investigate the conditions under which topological states develop in this series of strongly correlated 3-4-3 materials.
Motivated by recently reported magnetic-field induced topological phases in ultracold atoms and correlated MoirΓ© materials, we investigate topological phase transitions in a minimal model consisting of interacting spinless fermions described by the Hofstadter model on a square lattice. For interacting lattice Hamiltonians in the presence of a commensurate magnetic flux it has been demonstrated that the quantized Hall conductivity is constrained by a Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM)-type theorem due to magnetic translation symmetry. In this work, we revisit the validity of the theorem for such models and establish that a topological phase transition from a topological to a trivial insulating phase can be realized but must be accompanied by spontaneous magnetic translation symmetry breaking caused by charge ordering of the spinless fermions. To support our findings, the topological phase diagram for varying interaction strength is mapped out numerically with exact diagonalization for different flux quantum ratios and band fillings using symmetry indicators. We discuss our results in the context of the LSM-type theorem.
Chern numbers can be calculated within a frame of vortex fields related to phase conventions of a wave function. In a band protected by gaps the Chern number is equivalent to the total number of flux carrying vortices. In the presence of topological defects like Dirac cones this method becomes problematic, in particular if they lack a well-defined winding number. We develop a scheme to include topological defects into the vortex field frame. A winding number is determined by the behavior of the phase in reciprocal space when encircling the defect's contact point. To address the possible lack of a winding number we utilize a more general concept of winding vectors. We demonstrate the usefulness of this ansatz on Dirac cones generated from bands of the Hofstadter model.
Chern numbers can be calculated within a frame of vortex fields related to phase conventions of a wave function. In a band protected by gaps the Chern number is equivalent to the total number of flux carrying vortices. In the presence of topological defects like Dirac cones this method becomes problematic, in particular if they lack a well-defined winding number. We develop a scheme to include topological defects into the vortex field frame. A winding number is determined by the behavior of the phase in reciprocal space when encircling the defect's contact point. To address the possible lack of a winding number we utilize a more general concept of winding vectors. We demonstrate the usefulness of this ansatz on Dirac cones generated from bands of the Hofstadter model.
Chern numbers can be calculated within a frame of vortex fields related to phase conventions of a wave function. In a band protected by gaps the Chern number is equivalent to the total number of flux carrying vortices. In the presence of topological defects like Dirac cones this method becomes problematic, in particular if they lack a well-defined winding number. We develop a scheme to include topological defects into the vortex field frame. A winding number is determined by the behavior of the phase in reciprocal space when encircling the defect's contact point. To address the possible lack of a winding number we utilize a more general concept of winding vectors. We demonstrate the usefulness of this ansatz on Dirac cones generated from bands of the Hofstadter model.
Using a sample of 106 million πβ‘(3686) decays, πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ’π½β‘(π½=0,1,2) and πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ’π½,ππβ’π½βπΎβ’π½/πβ‘(π½=1,2) events are utilized to study inclusive ππβ’π½βanything, ππβ’π½βhadrons, and π½/πβanything distributions, including distributions of the number of charged tracks, electromagnetic calorimeter showers, and π0β’s, and to compare them with distributions obtained from the BESIII Monte Carlo simulation. Information from each Monte Carlo simulated decay event is used to construct matrices connecting the detected distributions to the input predetection βproducedβ distributions. Assuming these matrices also apply to data, they are used to predict the analogous produced distributions of the decay events. Using these, the charged particle multiplicities are compared with results from MARK I. Further, comparison of the distributions of the number of photons in data with those in Monte Carlo simulation indicates that G-parity conservation should be taken into consideration in the simulation.
Using 2.93ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII, we measure the branching fractions of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays π·βπβ’πβ’π to be β¬β‘(π·0βπβ’π+β’πβ)=(1.33Β±0.16Β±0.12)Γ10β3 and β¬β‘(π·+βπβ’π+β’π0)=(3.87Β±0.83Β±0.25)Γ10β3, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones systematic. The statistical significances are 12.9β’π and 7.7β’π, respectively. The precision of β¬β‘(π·0βπβ’π+β’πβ) is improved by a factor of 2.1 over prior measurements, and β¬β‘(π·+βπβ’π+β’π0) is measured for the first time. No significant signal for π·0βπβ’π0β’π0 is observed, and the upper limit on the branching fraction is β¬β‘(π·0βπβ’π0β’π0)<1.10Γ10β3 at the 90% confidence level. The branching fractions of π·βπβ’πβ’π are also measured and consistent with existing results.