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Current work on populism stresses its relationship to nationalism. However, populists increasingly make claims to represent ‘the people’ across beyond national borders. This advent of ‘transnational populism’ has implications for work on cosmopolitan democracy and global justice. In this paper, we advance and substantiate three claims. First, we stress populism’s performative and claimmaking nature. Second, we argue that transnational populism is both theoretically possible and empirically evident in the contemporary global political landscape. Finally, we link these points to debates on democracy beyond the state. We argue that, due to the a) performative nature of populism, b) complex interdependencies of peoples, and c) need for populists to gain and maintain support, individuals in one state will potentially have their preferences, interests, and wants altered by transnational populists’ representative claims. We unpack what is normatively problematic in terms of democratic legitimacy about this and discuss institutional and non-institutional remedies.
This article outlines a new approach to answering the foundational question in democratic theory of how the boundaries of democratic political units should be delineated. Whereas democratic theorists have mostly focused on identifying the appropriate population-group – or demos – for democratic decisionmaking, it is argued here that we should also take account of considerations relating to the appropriate scope of a democratic unit’s institutionalized governance capabilities – or public power. These matter because democratically legitimate governance is produced not only through the decision-making agency of a demos, but also through the institutionally distinct sources of political agency that shape the governance capabilities of public power. To develop this argument, the article traces a new theoretical account of the normative and institutional sources of collective agency, political legitimacy, and democratic boundaries, and illustrates it through a democratic reconstruction of the classical body politic metaphor. It further shows how this theoretical account lends strong prescriptive support to pluralist institutional boundaries within democratic global governance.
In diesem Aufsatz konzentriere ich mich auf einen wichtigen und überaus kühnen, praktisch-politischen Vorschlag des Projekts der kosmopolitischen Demokratie (Archibugi/Held 1995; Archibugi et al. 1998; Beck 2004; Held 1998): auf die Parlamentarisierung der Weltpolitik (Übersicht bei Bienen et al. 1998). Das kosmopolitische Projekt unterstellt, dass die Vergemeinschaftung der Menschheit einen Grad erreicht hat, der es erlaubt oder gar erfordert, die Herstellung von Recht – einschließlich von Weltbürgerrecht (Brunkhorst et al. 1999) und die Kontrolle seiner richtigen exekutiven Anwendung in die Hände einer globalen Legislative zu geben.