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This paper discusses word classes in Tagalog, the dominant language of the Philippines, using analyses developed by Himmelmann (2007) and LaPolla (2008). The goal is to clarify issues related to the identification of word classes in Tagalog, and show the distinct features of these word classes. Through the discussion of word classes in Tagalog, the authors also hope to shed some light on the issue of word classes in Chinese.
The analysis of the relationship between Word and God in the poetry of Paul Celan is obviously the purpose of this study. The starting point of my reflections is representing the prologue of the Gospel according to John 1:1: „In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The question is: does the loss of Word at the logical-semantic level implicitly conduct to the loss of God in Celan’s poems?
In the present article Bernhard Schwaiger, a Latin language teacher at a school in Thüringen, treats some aspects of the greater or lesser importance of some objects of study, in this case of the foreign languages, importance that is usually determined aleatorily. The article becomes a pleading for the study of the Romanian language as one of the most interesting Romance languages, the Romanian culture being complex and the tourist landscape from Romania very interesting as well. The conclusion of the article is that it is very important for pupils on their way to identity construction to know all the cultural components of Europe, to submit to a critical analysis any object defined „from the outside” as important, because the European continent consists not solely of important countries and languages (such as France, Spain, England, Italy) but also of a multitude of other languages and cultures.
The paper analyzes the handling of sources in the historic and ethnographic literature about Roma. In it a tradition of copying can be found without sufficient acknowledgement of sources, the unchecked assumpti on of foreign statements and inadmissible generalization. These characteristic features are integrated into a pejorative structure. The historic and ethnographic literature is characterized by a moralizing condemnation of those referred to as „gypsies” whereas the social realities remain largely hidden. It is based on only a few sources, in which statements about Roma in the Transylvanian area take a key role. Texts from the 17th to the 19th century are referred to in context of this aspect and are analyzed on their contents.
The poetic oeuvre of Franz Hodjak takes an intermediate position between modernism and postmodernism. While his early works show the influence of German modernist poetry (Georg Trakl, Bertolt Brecht), the poems of his last volume, entitled Die Faszination eines Tages, den es nicht gibt (2008), show most clearly the approach to postmodernism. The ironic, sarcastic tone, the robust and acrobatic language as well as the rebellion against all conventional poetical structures are amplified in these poems. Besides ontological questions regarding identity, the borderline status between two worlds – neither of them a home –, also the banalities of everyday life are treated sometimes in an elated tone, sometimes almost parodied.
The paper focuses on aspects of comparative phraseology and paremioloy between two languages, German and Romanian and aims at disclosing differences and similarities in connection with proverbs and idioms on “the devil”. 112 items circling around “the devil” and its synonyms are being analyzed as to the life experience, world perspective and superstitions reflected in the proverbs, by drawing parallels between the equivalent structures functioning in the two languages, their form and content.
This essay deals with the intertextuality of the 21st century novel Zaira by the Swiss-Romanian writer Cătălin Dorian Florescu and the 21th century tragedy Zaire by Voltaire. It is analysed whether the name of the female protagonist Zaira is used by Florescu by accident or whether he refers to Voltaire. Furthermore, the differences between East and West brought up in the novel and the tragedy are examined. There are some similarities to be found as to the topoi of the selling respectively buying of women or fate deciding about the life of the protagonists. However, in the author’s opinion they don`t justify the assumption that Florescu knows the text by Voltaire or even uses it in his own novel.
In the 1930s and 40s the leading political figures of the German minority in Romania embraced a pro-fascist attitude. Therefore, after the WWII, Germans had to suffer expropriation, deportation and privation of civil rights. Since 1949 they were permitted to rebuild their cultural life which – according to the communist paradigm – had to be „Marxist in its content and national in shape“. In 1956 an Institute for Social Studies and the Humanities of the Romanian Academy was created in Sibiu in order to continue important scientific projects of the German minority, and since 1959 the review Forschungen zur Volks- und Landeskunde appeared as a tribune of Transylvanian studies. Although the editorial staff had to make concessions to the communist regime, its members tried to keep high scientific standards. Therefore the review Forschungen, the sole scientific periodical of the Romanian Academy published in German, was one of the most important reviews of the time.
„Der rechte Weg geht über Steine” : zur romantischen Dimension der Lyrik von Frida Binder-Radler
(2010)
In order to argue my hypothesis of the romantic dimension of poetry written by Frida Binder-Radler, a very little known Romanian-German author (1908-1986), better known as „poetess of the Saxon world”, I am referring to the poems of the author edited 2006 by her son Wolfgang Binder in Augsburg under the title Licht ins Dunkel (second enlarged edition). The volume contains fifty poems of which the first twenty-one were written in the German language, the other twenty-nine poems were translated from Transylvanian-Saxon dialect into German, most of them by the author herself, and published 1947 in the volume Gedichte. The idea of infinity that characterises romantic poetry, expressing itself as longing („Sehnsucht”) for a lost paradise, justifies the poems of love of Frida Binder-Radler. The elements of nature (flowers and birds, clouds and fog, moon, night and shadow), the melancholic atmosphere of her poems, but also the vivid imagery of her poetic language, its simplicity without being simple are diagnosed and interpreted as elements of a romantic-poetical arsenal.
In this work we aim to analyze the statute of the Romansh language and of its idioms in the Grison/Graubűnden Canton (Switzerland), from the Sursilvan lyrics perspective of Tresa Rűther-Seeli and her contemporary, Linard Candreia. Because of the massive split of the five Romanic idioms with own writing, of the fact that none of them had developed into a standard literary language, as well as of the massive decrease in the population who speaks them, the situation of these idioms becomes dramatic, in spite of and because of the intervention of the political factor to impose a standard official language – Romansh.
Ao apelo da Universidade de Coimbra para que, no âmbito da sua semana Cultural, as Faculdades e outros organismos que nela se acolhem glosem o tema da “Imaginação”, responde o Instituto de Estudos Alemães com o colóquio Imaginação do mesmo: a diferença na repetição. No texto que enquadra o conjunto de contributos que hoje aqui se apresentam, se afirma, a dado passo, que “Há inovação e transformação não na impossível invenção de uma origem, mas sim na capacidade de articulação produtiva”. Pode esta ser uma boa síntese daquilo que a moderna descendência da espécie homo leva a cabo, enquanto homo sapiens (sapiens) e, portanto, homo loquens, no exercício da faculdade que é, a um tempo, o seu mais poderoso instrumento de cognição e o mais eficaz e económico veículo de comunicação – competição e cooperação são, recordo, os principais pilares em que assenta o processo da sua sobrevivência enquanto espécie.
Criadas as línguas, de que espaço de manobra dispõe o “homem que fala”, que é também um homo socialis, para as recriar, reinventar, adaptando-as às sempre renovadas coordenadas sociológicas em que se situa e de que ele próprio é o arquitecto?
ϕ-meson production in In–In collisions at Elab=158A GeV: Evidence for relics of a thermal phase
(2010)
Yields and transverse mass distributions of the ϕ-mesons reconstructed in the ϕ→μ+μ− channel in In+In collisions at Elab=158A GeV are calculated within an integrated Boltzmann+hydrodynamics hybrid approach based on the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage. The analysis is performed for various centralities and a comparison with the corresponding NA60 data in the muon channel is presented. We find that the hybrid model, that embeds an intermediate locally equilibrated phase subsequently mapped into the transport dynamics according to thermal phase-space distributions, gives a good description of the experimental data, both in yield and slope. On the contrary, the pure transport model calculations tend to fail in catching the general properties of the ϕ meson production: not only the yield, but also the slope of the mT spectra, compare poorly with the experimental observations at top SPS energies.
Die Fachdaten für die nach Naturschutzrecht geschützten Gebiete und Objekte des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt werden mit den Naturschutzbehörden jeweils zum Jahresende abgeglichen. Die nachfolgende Tabelle gibt eine statistische Übersicht der nach Naturschutzrecht geschützten Gebiete und Objekte des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt mit Stand 31.12.2009.
Při vyjadřování a popisu emocí zaujímají frazémy mezi jazykovými prostředky ojedinělé postavení. Ĉlánek nastiňuje dŧvody k tomuto tvrzení: Prostřednictvím frazémŧ jsou emoce vyjadřovány jednak díky silné expresivní sloţce frazeologického významu, jednak i díky samotnému (expresivnímu) uţití frazému v textu. Některé frazémy rovněţ mohou emoce oznaĉovat (popisovat, tematizovat), resp. k nim svým významem odkazovat (sich die Augen ausweinen können → smutek, zoufalství). Pro ilustraci výše uvedených úvah byla vybrána formálně i sémanticky omezená skupina frazémŧ – verbální frazémy obsahující somatické substantivum. Zvláštní roli tzv. somatických frazémŧ v problematice verbální artikulace a popisu emocí lze vysvětlit jejich frazeologickou aktivitou, vysokou symboliĉností některých somatických komponentŧ (Herz) a především tím, jak odráţejí úzkou interakci mezi emocemi a tělesnými stavy (einen Kloß im Hals haben), resp. jak verbalizují nonverbální projevy mimiky a gestiky (den Kopf hängen lassen).
Kurzfassung der Dissertation an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Forstwissenschaften, Institut für Waldbau und Forstschutz, Dozentur für Wildökologie und Jagdwirtschaft in Kooperation mit dem Institut für Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland", Wilhelmshaven, betreut von Prof. Dr. Dr. Sven Herzog und Prof. Dr. Franz Bairlein
In den Publikationsreihen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft (Mitteilungen, Tuexenia, 1928–2009) wurden alle einzeln publizierten Vegetationsaufnahmen gezählt und innerhalb von 52 Vegetationsklassen den Assoziationen oder Gesellschaften zugeordnet. Insgesamt wurden 38.419 Aufnahmen gezählt, davon 33.699 zu 753 Vegetationseinheiten europäischer Pflanzengesellschaften (davon 7,1 % Kryptogamenvegetation) gestellt. Die 20 Klassen mit den meisten Aufnahmen (insgesamt 82,5 %) und die 10 aufnahmereichsten Assoziationen werden gesondert aufgezählt. Im Anhang befindet sich eine umfangreiche Bibliografie aller Vegetationseinheiten, welche den Zugang zu den reichhaltigen Vegetationsdaten erleichtern soll. Zu Beginn wird die Bedeutung pflanzensoziologischer Literatur - bibliographien und Vegetationsdatenbanken erörtert.
Im Rahmen des BIOKLIM-Projekts wurden im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald Daten zu verschiedenen Tier- und Pflanzenarten sowie Umweltfaktoren erhoben. Die folgende Auswertung beschränkt sich auf die Weichtiere (Gastropoda, Bivalvia). Ziel war es, herauszufinden, welche Umweltfaktoren die Arten- und Individuenanzahlen beeinflussen, was die Lebensgemeinschaften steuert und welche Parameter sich auf ausgewählte Einzelarten auswirken. In Quasi-Poisson-Modellen haben sich als Einflussgrößen für die Individuenanzahl Höhe, Alter, Magnesium und pH-Wert feststellen lassen. Auf die Artenanzahl wirkte sich der Vegetationsreichtum, die Höhe und der Managementtyp aus. Die Einzelarten werden von sehr unterschiedlichen Faktoren beeinflusst. Die Lebensgemeinschaften werden vor allem von der Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel, der Temperatur und dem Auflichtungsgrad bestimmt, was sich in verschiedenen Ordinationsverfahren gezeigt hat.
[E]ine Interpretation der Erzählung aus psychoanalytischem Blickwinkel […], die auf Texte und Theoriemodelle Freuds rekurriert, die ungefähr im selben Zeitraum wie Döblins Erzählung entstanden sind und die mit ihren eigenen Mitteln und eigenen Kategorien die damaligen gesellschaftlichen Beziehungsmuster, intrapsychischen Befindlichkeiten und kulturelle Semantik ebenfalls widerspiegeln.
Este artigo procura resumir e ilustrar argumentações centrais de estudos teóricos e ensaios sobre a literatura austríaca (Menasse; Schmidt-Dengler; Sebald, Weiss, Zeyringer) que se referem, especificamente, à questão da existência de diferenças entre essa literatura e outras em língua alemã. Para elucidar os debates mais recentes, os contrastamos com argumentações representativas acerca da literatura austríaca das primeiras décadas do pósguerra. Ao comparar as diferentes abordagens, podemos perceber que a germanística austríaca atual deixou de se esforçar na construção de um "mito austríaco" e na procura do que seria a "essência" da literatura desse país. Passou da construção à análise do mito austríaco e do contexto sócio-histórico no qual se insere a produção literária da Áustria. Há diferenças argumentativas substanciais entre abordagens tradicionais com viés essencialista e as dos referidos teóricos. Ao mesmo tempo, é significativa a insistência por parte de germanistas e pensadores contemporâneos em se aceitar a existência (muitas vezes ignorada) de uma literature austríaca cuja especificidade – resultante, sobretudo, de peculiaridades dos contextos históricopolíticos nos quais se inserem os escritores austríacos – não deve ser ignorada em pesquisas da área.