Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (387)
- Part of Periodical (290)
- Book (207)
- Review (55)
- Report (52)
- Other (23)
- Part of a Book (20)
- Doctoral Thesis (9)
- Working Paper (7)
- Conference Proceeding (6)
Language
- French (1060) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1060) (remove)
Keywords
- Literatur (36)
- Gabon (26)
- Gabun (26)
- literature (25)
- Literaturwissenschaft (15)
- Europa (12)
- Vendée (France) (12)
- Deutschland (10)
- Rezeption (10)
- Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (10)
Institute
- Extern (126)
- SFB 268 (45)
- Geschichtswissenschaften (44)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (12)
- Philosophie (12)
- Neuere Philologien (10)
- Rechtswissenschaft (8)
- Frobenius Institut (6)
- Institut für Sozialforschung (IFS) (6)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (6)
An analysis of natural resources in the Central African Republic has shown that the country has a strong national potential and a diversified ecosystem. However, the economy has drastically deteriorated over the years owing to mismanagement. As a result, people's welfare has become increasingly critical, reaching now the level of what can be called 'acute misery'. While studying issues of governance and the stabilisation of the economic system, this book pays a special attention to the analysis of the structural and contextual evolution of the economy of the Central African Republic. The study is a longitudinal assessment of the acts and undertakings spanning from the colonial times through 2003. A consideration of which tool to use to reach a particular economic goal requires, first and foremost, asking the question: 'If the goal is reached, are we capable of stabilizing the system?' This book is written as a guide for political decision making and a rational basis for economic policy making, through its analysis of the possible implications of instruments of target-oriented economic policy, the possible usage of rare resources, the costs of particular decisions, the sacrifice incurred by particular choices, etc. The major concern is about what the economist can bring in to prevent blind decision making: what rules can decision makers put in place to improve living conditions in the community.
How really worth are the African endogenous knowledge and know-how? Why and how can we promote this inheritage, while the so-called western scientific model looks like the best means of knowing and mastering the world? This book answers these questions by examining ifa, a West-African system of knowledge and practices which a narrow knowledge reduces to a fanciful divinatory art, an art then logically 'perceived as inconsistent and theoretically useless'. Yet, more than a divinatory art, ifa, when we submit it to analysis, appears to be an organized set of knowledge and researches, a science in the making. What makes us really think that way is the intellectual vocation that defines ifa, the rigor of the logical operations that it implies and which recalls in one way or the other the game of implicit mathematics, the objectivity requirement which is valued by the actors of the system and rests on a genuine critical tradition. This opinion is also based on the weight of myths upon which ifa rests and which constitute an important granary where a prominent set of knowledge is packed. Beyond the establishment of the consistency and the limitations of ifa, this book has strived to define a 'method' of examination and validation of the knowledge which has emerged out of the official scientific system. In fact, the questions which arise from it are finally intended to give a new foundation to philosophy of sciences and to epistemology.
Re-thinking African Economies for Development is delivered in the particularly historic context of the fiftieth independence anniversary of most African countries. This moment, therefore, calls for an assessment and suggestions for new alternatives. African countries have been searching for models of development since attaining political independence. Taking cognizance of the fact that African economies are today stuck in an impasse, many innovative ideas are proffered by the contributors to this book for new development strategies. These ideas are essentially hinged upon the successful experience of countries in Asia and Latin America, and the need to reform the State and bring about development. African intellectuals are called upon in this book to rise up to their responsibility for the production of innovative knowledge that can be used by public and private sector decision makers to raise their communities out of poverty. In this publication, issues of industrialization and diversification of African economies are raised again to decry their limited specialization which exacerbates their vulnerability toward crises. This, to a large extent, is at the root of Africas marginal status in global trade. Special attention ought to be given to those thousands of micro-economy stakeholders who are actually the backbone of African economies. Regional integration is more and more seen as an imperative for economic development in the context of Africas small sized countries that often fall prey to a great deal of political instability. The issue of financing of development is re-visited, and new ideas are put forth to better channel foreign direct investment and public revenue towards building a more viable monetary and financial system.
The dramatic sociopolitical crisis which befell Côte d'Ivoire in September 2002 gave birth to an unprecedented political zeal. Immigration, the other, ethno-nationalism, nationalism, patriotism, civil war, youth at risk - such are the words that describe the Côte d'Ivoire' situation. Attempts to explain the 'crisis' in this country, known in recent past as 'relatively peaceful', mainly happen through media 'sensationalism'. This translates at the same time the almost complete control of the scoop media which renders the understanding of the situation only possible through such outlets. The ability of media professionals to coin words through which social history is reflected upon has the effect of complicating the task of social and human sciences while also appearing as stimulating at the same time. Understanding complex situations is now a crossroad of confusion between the simple and the simplified. The challenge for social and human sciences is, therefore, to resume its rightful place by presenting social and political realities in their complexity. Contributions in this book attempt to rid simple words of their excessive simplification to enable an understanding of social and political ills as well as the sense of history. This book is to be taken as a look from within. The challenge here is to take a step back and disconnect the real from the surprising which prevents a deep analysis of realities emanating from a historical process that is relatively long. At the heart of that process resides the paradoxical re-invention of the self through violence, though in the name of democracy. The 2010 post-electoral crisis and the intensity of the violence which characterized it are once again a demonstration of the relevance of the violence-democracy paradox and the on-going exercise of objectivity.
This book re-examines historical, ethnographic and anthropological productions in various spaces in Senegambia. Just like language, material culture in original forms is powerful in the transmission and affirmation of identity. Unfortunately, archeology has so far played a very minor role in this domain in Senegambia, as the discipline has been confined to the study of eras know as prehistoric and protohistoric, which are little known by story tellers and other traditional communicators. It is generally agreed that archeology generates more inclusive knowledge, given the fact that the essential source of identity for all societal strata is based on the production, consumption, rejection or recycling of material culture. This book democratizes knowledge generation by giving prominence to the social life and identities of ordinary individuals who are often invisible in written and oral sources.
A re-conceptualisation of the health question and approaches based on the questioning of dominant paradigms are therefore needed to confront the on-going health crisis and put Africa on track for development.
Reason is not the monopoly of any particular group or culture. It is a universal human quality. Nevertheless, it should be recognised that reason manifests itself differently from one culture to another. Do we therefore admit that these forms are distinctly plural or should we, on the contrary, recognise the possibility of a meeting and, if need be, of an ordered confrontation that would guarantee, beyond this obvious diversity, a unity of human reason? This book with contributions in both English and French is the result of a debate on this question, during a conference co-organised by UNESCO and the 'Centre Africain des Hautes Etudes de Porto-Novo' on the theme 'The Meeting of Rationalities' held in Porto-Novo in Benin in September 2002, during the 26th General Assembly of the International Board of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPH). Several well-known researchers participated in that debate, amongst whom Richard Rorty (United States), Meinrad Hebga (Cameroon), Harris Memel-Fot? (C?te d'Ivoire), and more than seventy philosophers, historians, anthropologists, literary critics, and psychoanalysts from various countries. Paulin J. Hountondji is a Professor of Philosophy at the National University of Benin Republic, joint-laureate of Mohamed El Fasi 2004 prize. He is the Director of the African Centre of Higher Education in Porto-Novo. The American version of his book ? philosophie africaine ? : critique de l'ethnophilosophie (Paris, Maspero 1976) (African philosophy, Myth and Reality, Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1983) was awarded the Herskovits Prize in 1984. The book is part of the 100 best African books of the 20th century selected in Accra in the year 2000. Hountondji has recently published The Struggle for Meaning: Reflections on Philosophy, Culture and Democracy in Africa (Ohio University Press, 2002) and edited several publications, including Endogenous Knowledge: Research Trails, (Dakar: CODESRIA, 1997). Paulin J. Hountondji has served as the Vice-President of the International Board of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPH) and also of CODESRIA.
This book highlights the importance of Pan-Africanism in view of reasserting its pivotal role in the economic integration of the continent. For Africans to co-exist and aspire to a much needed dynamic and social community, there is need for a common understanding of their shared histories and projects. The contributions analyse regional identities that derive from an observed syncretism between traditional culture, Islamic religion and modernity. The example of interregional relations is tangible proof of the difficult negotiation of imposed international axiological constraints. From this perspective, the new partnership between the North and the South ought to be the responsibility of all and sundry, in which social or state actors are capable of communicating and putting forward their various rationalities for discussion. In this way, the South-South dialectic will find its place: regionalisation will as such promote solidarity between peoples and the reinvention of great democratic values.
Algeria Facing Globalisation is a contribution by intellectuals (researchers, trade-unionists, members of associative movements) to the intellectual and material crisis which Algeria has gone through since the 1980s. The crisis, evident in the new economic downturn created by globalisation, has manifested itself through a genuine right of interference, then, at the end of the violence, through the search for new insertion into a world dominated by one super-power and by a neo-liberal economy. The contributions are strategic, assess public policies and their outcomes, and provide solutions for the crisis. Three of the contributions are of global interest and underscore, on the one hand, the crisis as turning point, with respect to Algeria's economic situation, and to trends in policies before 1988 (Mohamed Moulfi). On the other hand, the contributions underscore strategies by actors that are a disservice to reform policies and nurture corruption and the shambling of the economy (Rachid Tlem?ani). Five contributions are on sector-based policies: education (Ahmed Djebbar), banking and financial system (Fatima Zohra Oufriha), environment and sustainable development (Azzouz Kerdoun), rural development (Omar Benbekhti) and the implications of the law on Hydrocarbons (Farid Benyoucef). The authors assess the repercussions of external constraints (world market for oil and agricultural products, new information and communication technologies, and the financial market). The contributions on social movements (Ahmed Chouicha), women (Souad Bendjaballah and Fatima Zohra Sa?) and intellectuals (Tayeb Chenntouf) endeavour to assess the potentials of social transformation. Last but not least, the concluding contribution is an interim assessment of the situation (Tayeb Chenntouf). It provides potential means for solving the crisis: the setting up of a new historic block with its two essential components, namely, the development of a project for the future and mobilisation of social actors capable of implementing it. Today, once again, Algeria seems to be at the crossroads.
This book is an uncompromising analysis of Senegal's decentralisation policy in rural areas. It discusses the state's inability to promote local development, despite this being its main raison d'?tre in a context of poverty. To identify reasons for the shortcomings, the author goes beyond policy statements and explores, sociologically, the compatibility of the behaviour and the cultural context of actors with the pursuance of local development objectives. Yet, there are indeed solutions to the actors' lethargy and to the weak coverage of the initiatives undertaken. The solutions can be found in the methodical and civic mobilisation around more ambitious actions that are more adapted to receptive localities, though opened to modernity and perfectly anchored in the culture for positive results. Rosnert Ludovic Alissoutin holds a PhD in Law. Since 1995, he has been working as a consultant on development issues in Senegal and Africa, particularly local development issues. The particularity of his approach lies in the rejection of scientific exclusivism and recourse to a multi disciplinary, open and flexible analysis of the complexity of human development. It is this perspective that informed his doctoral thesis on La Gestion de l'eau en milieu aride, which discusses legal, anthropological, geographical, and sociological issues. For additional information on his profile and work, visit his website: http://www.ralissoutin.com.
' ''The 30th Anniversary of CODESRIA, held in Dakar in December 2003 under the theme ''''Intellectuals, Nationalism and the Pan-African Ideal'''', yielded an impressive crop of papers. This book brings together eight of the numerous papers presented on Regional Integration, Democracy and Pan-Africanism, amongst which are those by Bernard Founou-Tchuigoua, Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan and Alexis Adand?. Each author explores from a special angle questions related to regional integration, democracy or Pan-Africanism. The contributions explore the diversity of paradigms which have been forged or applied on the African continent during the last century, especially in the course of the liberation movement and early post- independence era. Indeed, these paradigms, which largely remain relevant, are re-appraised in the light of contemporary realities.'''
Pour faire face ? l'inefficacit? du mod?le ?tatique de d?veloppement des ann?es 1960-1970, les initiatives priv?es et l'entreprenariat ont ?t? encourag?s comme un moyen de sortir les ?conomies africaines au suddu Sahara de leur marasme chronique. Dans le cas de la R?publique d?mocratique du Congo, ce changement d'orientation ?conomique a entrain? l'?mergence de micro et petites entreprises qui -compte tenu deleur manque de structuration, de leur ?volution en marge du cadre l?gal, de leurs insuffisances intrins?ques ? pourvoir des emplois durables et deleur faible impact socio-?conomique- ont montr? leur limite quant ? leur capacit? de fournir un gage de d?veloppement durable. Avec une approche m?thodologique bas?e sur la micro-?conomie, la statistique et l'?conom?trie, ce livre scrute l'environnement ?conomique, mais aussi l?gal et financier dans lequel ?voluent les PME congolaises. Ce livre tente aussi de r?pondre aux questions li?es aux facteurs decroissance, aux conditions et m?canismes qui doivent constituer lesoubassement du d?veloppement des PME dans le contexte de la RDC. Un d?veloppement qui facilitera la transition vers l'?re de l'entreprise capitaliste moderne. Emmanuel-Gustave Kintambu Mafukuest Professeur titulaire ?l'Universit? de Kinshasa et ? l'Universit? Kongo ? Mbanza-Ngungu. Il estle directeur du Centre de promotion de la petite et moyenne entreprise(CEPRO/PME) et le coordonnateur du Groupe National de Travail (GNT)sur la RDC.
This book seeks to explain the events that have been taking place in C?te d'Ivoire since 1999 and which are commonly referred to as 'la crise ivoirienne' (the Ivorian crisis). It seems that the day to day interpretation of the events did not provide a satisfactory explanation of the deep fracture and that it was necessary to reconsider the essentialist theoretical categories that are striving to impose on us a false view, made cumbersome by ethnocentric prejudices. To avoid falling into the trap of the day to day interpretation of events will require an in-depth questioning of the causes of the foreseen collapse of the Ivorian model. Having a grasp on the historical meaning of facts is required in examining the sequence and interconnection of events which we always need to rule on the historical weight in order to gauge the tragic trend of the social dynamics. While looking for the causes of the social and political rift, the authors of this volume started by asking a central question: How does the weight of the modern Ivorian society formation intervene in the modalities of the actions of individuals and current collectivities? The brutal and violent fracture which the Ivorian social formation underwent brings forth, once again, the issue of collective identities and unveils, at the same time, the challenges related to the incomplete nature of the construction of 'Nation States' in Africa. In fact, it is a mistake to think that the crisis spontaneously started among partisan higher authorities and to ignore that behind the ostentatious declarations on National Unity, pre-colonial groups have not completely melted into the modern 'Nation'. Furthermore, in the process of 'national' social space formation, new social combinations emerge by continuously re-inventing themselves. It seems that the roots of current crises reside in the unprecedented transformation which contemporary African societies have been undergoing.
Très peu de personnes auront eu à traverser des temps aussi troublés que ceux que vécut Agathe Uwilingiyimana comme Premier ministre du Rwanda avant le génocide. Au sujet de cette femme de tête, ses idées et son action, bien des questions demeurent sans réponse. Qui la assassinée et pourquoi ? Aurait-elle tenté un putsch contre le Président Habyarimana ? Aurait-elle trempé dans le complot visant à assassiner ce dernier ? Comment entendait-elle sauver le pays du chaos et de la descente aux enfers après la disparition inopinée du Président de la République quelle avait si âprement combattu ? Était-elle maîtresse de ses décisions ou était-elle désinformée ou manipulée ? Pourquoi et comment cette enseignante récemment embarquée en politique a-t-elle été la cible privilégiée de la presse de caniveau, entre 1992 et 1994 ? Quel comportement exceptionnel a-t-elle eu pour que la patrie reconnaissante lélève au rang des héros dans lordre dImena ? Son royaume denfance, son adolescence et sa jeunesse préfiguraient-ils un destin si singulier ? À travers lectures, souvenirs, témoignages et anecdotes, son ami denfance nous offre un récit édifiant, court mais dense, qui nous fait découvrir la vie et la personnalité complexe et polymorphe de cette flamme éphémère dans la nuit rwandaise.
Issues of gender, marriage and family are at the heart of the main cultural wars of our time and have led to a number of legal and societal reforms in many African countries. These reforms, generally initiated by the state and dictated by the neoliberal model of human rights, often have to come to terms with local resistance, mainly from religious circles. What is the modus operandi of these reforms? What are the power relationships that structure them? How are they perceived and received by African societies? What are the terms of religious resistance? These questions are at the heart of this volume which examines the margins of docility and indocility of African societies to legal reforms aimed at promoting the neoliberal model of sexuality, marriage and the family. Emphasis is placed on the centrality of the state and the power struggle with other stakeholders in the deconstruction and reconstruction of gender relations. Few empirical studies have illustrated the issue of power struggles surrounding the social production of gender norms. This book is the outcome of an international conference organized at the Institute of Dignity and Human Rights of the Center for Research and Action for Peace (CERAP) in Abidjan, in June 2017, on the following theme: 'State, Religions and Gender in West and Central Africa'. The main objective of the conference was not only to highlight the results of a research project on the reception of the recent modification of the family code in Côte dIvoire but also to broaden the discussion to similar case studies in other countries of West and Central Africa such as Senegal, Niger, Benin, Cameroon and Mali.
Eastern Dan-French dictionary, preceded by a grammar sketch, is the first and only dictionary of this language spoken in Western Côte d'Ivoire by half a million people. Both in dictionary and in the grammar sketch, lexical and grammatical tones are marked throughout. Polysemy and idiomatics are broadly represented, dictionary entries include abundant illustrative examples reflecting the cultural specifics of Dan. The dictionary has a French-Dan index. The publication is oriented both to Dan languages learners and professional linguists; it can be also used by the native speakers of Dan.
Western Dan-French dictionary is the first and only dictionary of this language spoken in Western Côte d'Ivoire by half a million people. In the Dictionary, lexical and grammatical tones are marked throughout. Polysemy and idiomatics are broadly represented, dictionary entries include abundant illustrative examples reflecting the cultural specifics of Dan. The dictionary has a French-Dan index. The publication is oriented both to Dan languages learners and professional linguists; it can be also used by the native speakers of Dan.
Ce travail, dont le titre est : Le modèle d’immersion réciproque en question : enseigner en classe bilingue à New York et à Francfort / Das Two-Way-Immersion Modell im Fokus: Zweisprachig unterrichten in New York und Frankfurt/Main, a pour objectif de répondre à la problématique suivante : Comment la conceptualisation du modèle d’enseignement bilingue d’immersion réciproque influence les pratiques éducatives (didactiques et pédagogiques) des enseignants, et pourquoi?
Afin de répondre à cette question, j’ai choisi d’étudier un modèle bilingue spécifique, le modèle bilingue d’immersion réciproque (ou « Two-Way-Immersion ») qui, dans la façon dont il intègre deux groupes d’élèves locuteurs de différentes langues qui apprennent les uns des autres, m’a semblé reposer sur une conceptualisation de l’enseignement bilingue dépassant une vision monolingue de ce dernier. Je montrerai dans la thèse, qu’en réalité, un même modèle peut se décliner différemment selon les choix didactiques et pédagogiques et selon les contextes de sa mise en œuvre et que seule une analyse approfondie peut permettre d’en révéler toute la complexité. À cette fin, j’ai observé des classes bilingues à New York et à Francfort, classes qui ont ensuite constitué mon terrain d’étude.
La thèse est organisée en 5 chapitres. Le premier chapitre propose un passage en revue de la littérature scientifique sur l’enseignement bilingue dans divers contextes. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la méthodologie de recherche que j’ai choisi d’utiliser pour explorer la complexité de mon objet de recherche. Les deux chapitres suivants proposent une analyse sociolinguistique de chaque contexte, New York (3) et Francfort (4). Le dernier chapitre, (5), est consacré à l’analyse des données récoltées (des entretiens, des observations de séances, des documents d’élèves et divers documents pédagogiques). Mon objectif, dans ce chapitre, est de montrer comment les orientations influencent les choix didactiques et pédagogiques des enseignants et ont un impact sur les pratiques de classe.
Many contemporary African writers remain trapped in the quest for a worldview, philosophy, supposing a single 'African' demesne to explain the entire continent, referring to a mythical past. Paulin Hountondji shows how these strange conceptual constructions have played a positive role in the resistance led by intellectuals of colonial rule: they responded to the negation of the oppression that it comprised of, but it was an ambiguous answer, especially because it was built on the principles derived from the works of European ethnologists, particularly the Père Tempels. Independence opened a new historical period; these philosophical elaborations changed direction: once an expression of anti-colonial resistance, they are nowadays an ideology that justifies and reinforces the dominance of the contemporary state; the intellectuals who create them are today only the 'griots' of the regimes in place. Analysing without complacency the work of Nkrumah, of the Cameroonian Towa, and of the Rwandan Kagamé, amongst others, Hountondji exposes and denounces this antagonism. To him, the critical project proposed in this book seems a necessary step on the way to 'the liberation of theoretical creativity,' the peoples of Africa and their full participation in the universal intellectual debate!
From my friendships and loves are born the lines herein. My greatest desire is that we must learn to love to the best of our abilities and not better than the Best of our abilities. Requesting the latter would be demanding the impossible. For me, every heart is filled with goodness and love that only a positive posturing and channeling of their energies can warrant the transcendence of these terrestrial realities to flirt with their divine counterparts.
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XXV, 17 septembre 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XXIV, 10 septembre 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XXIII, 3 septembre 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XXII, 27 aout 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XVIII, 30 juillet 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XVII, 23 juillet 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XVI, 16 juillet 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XV, 9 juillet 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XIV, 2 juillet 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. XIII, 24 juni 1836
(1836)
La caricature française : journal sans abonnés et sans collaborateurs. No. VII, 30 avril 1836
(1836)
Through the example of Mozart, this article studies the role played by music in biographies of composers. By focusing on three different works, all targeting a wide audience, but coming from different centuries and cultures ("Leben des K. K. Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart" by Franz Xaver Niemetschek, "Life of Mozart" by Edward Holmes, and "Mozart" by Jean-Victor Hocquard), it investigates both stylistic matters (how the music is described), and the concrete effect of cultural behaviors (the subordination of the work to the man, or the difficulty of talking about music). The study highlights some essential components of Mozartean mythology, as well as the close relationship between biographies, novels and the evolution of musicology as a discipline.
Pascal Quignard belongs to those contemporary French writers whose work draws on music, while demonstrating ambivalent or even ambiguous feelings towards it. In this article, we explore the reasons, the challenges and the functions of what Quignard himself called the 'hatred of music' in an eponymous and landmark essay in which he reveals the secrets of his relationship to music, a relationship that intertwines his family history with the History of the Second World War.
If the poet's song is a 'topos' of Greek and Roman epic literature, the poet Silius Italicus renews it by describing the emotional reaction of his audience in depth and by placing it in a transitional moment of his narrative dedicated to the second Punic war. Tradition from antique historiography relates that Hannibal and his men became "soft" in Capua where feasting, pleasure, inebriation and indolence were common. Yet, Silius Italicus blames Teuthras' two songs for this weakening. This article examines Teuthras' second performance which hides beneath its soft melody a further meaning unintelligible to the audience who cannot escape their emotion. The aim is to reveal how poetical and musical emotion - 'admiratio' - and the weakening of the Carthaginians are structured in term of diegetic, and in the sub- and meta-discourse of Teuthras' second song.
This paper aims to demonstrate the hidden place of the surrealist poet, Paul Éluard, in Samuel Beckett's writing process. It will show that Beckett not only read and translated Paul Éluard, as is known, but also quoted him extensively. Moving from Beethoven to the short story "Lessness", the place of quotation as a trace of emotion will be examined.
This article explores the relations between affects and music in George Sand's novel "Adriani" (1853). It examines how the figuration of music highlights the importance of emotions, as they shift from aesthetic (admiration) to moral (compassion), in her protagonists' moral transformations. However, Sand's transposition of an imaginary musical world in the novel is part and parcel of a much more ambitious project, that of social transformations, notably of relations between the sexes. It is through their dialogue in and via music that her heroes discover each other and themselves, while their intimate trajectories enable the reader to imagine interpersonal relations among equals founded on emotional, intellectual and social reciprocity.
Wie können musikalische Emotionen durch die literarische Beschreibung einer fiktiven Musik mobilisiert werden? Man kann vermuten, dass ein Text, der eine existierende Musik beschreibt, versucht, auch etwas über die Emotionen, die sie hervorruft, zu sagen. Wenn er jedoch durch seine eigenen verbalen Mittel Musik erfindet, die niemand je hören kann, dann müssen die mit ihr verknüpften Emotionen, als für den Autor essenziell betrachtet werden. Dies ist die Frage, die wir uns hier stellen, basierend auf einem Vergleich zwischen den imaginären Musikstücken von Vinteuil bei Marcel Proust und von Adrian Leverkühn bei Thomas Mann. In beiden Fällen wird die Musik als analoges Modell verwendet, das dem Autor erlaubt, die Emotionen, die sie mit einer besonderen Klarheit verkörpert, auch durch sie anzusprechen. So bietet die Musik in der proustschen Ästhetik, die immer noch von der romantisch musikalischen Metaphysik durchdrungen ist, eine intime Verbindung zum Gedächtnis. In einem völlig anderen Sinne macht die modernistische Ästhetik, die von Thomas Mann in seinem "Doktor Faustus" hervorgehoben wurde, aus der Musik das Mittel mit einer erschreckenden Auflösungskraft. Symbolik oder Diabolik, so oder so betrachtet, die Musik einigt oder löst, repariert oder trennt - aber in beiden Fällen verdichtet sie den Ausdruck von Lebenskräften.
In poetry, music is often mentioned to express emotions, but it also brings poetry back to its source. Through poems by Eichendorff, Droste-Hülshoff, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Lorca, Rilke and Mandelstam, this article examines a deepening of the relationship between poetry, music and emotion, through which poetry discovers itself by being attentive to what is within itself of the order of the musical or the song.
Die Verbindung von Musik und Emotionen in der Geschichte unserer westlichen Kultur ist kongenial und George Sand würde dieser Tatsache sicherlich voll zustimmen. Dennoch sind die Modalitäten dieser Verbindung sehr unterschiedlich und Sand selbst, die sowohl eine große Bewunderin Rousseaus als auch eine Tochter der Romantik ist, hat unterschiedliche Vorstellungen davon verinnerlicht. In ihrem Roman "Consuelo" gefällt sie sich darin, diese in ihren Figuren dargestellt zu versammeln. Nachahmende und didaktische Musik, wie sie Albert prägt, oder erhabene Musik als Ausdruck des Unendlichen, wie diejenige Consuelos: In diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, wie es der Hauptfigur des Romans gelingt, diese beiden Musikansätze zu einem Ganzen zu vereinen und eine Kunst zu praktizieren, die sowohl bewegt wie überzeugt, eine kosmopolitische Kunst, die gleichzeitig Ausdruck des kollektiven Gedächtnisses einer leidgeprüften Menschheit als auch Balsam für ihre Seele ist.
Franz Liszt war ein Freund Fryderyk Chopins. Er wurde auch zu seinem ersten Biografen. In 'Chopin' (1852) spricht Liszt natürlich auch von sich selbst und seiner eigenen Musikkonzeption, die für ihn die Möglichkeit eines Austausches, wenn nicht gar einer "Kommunion" zwischen den Menschen darstellt. Chopins Musik besitzt für Liszt auch die Fähigkeit, Menschen ausserhalb physischer Grenzen zu transportieren. Liszt betrachtet die Musik von Chopin nicht nur als eine Emanation seiner Heimat: in Chopins Polonaisen und Mazurkas sieht er Tänze, die ihre Verführungskraft aus den Beziehungen Polens mit dem Osmanischen Reich schöpfen (auch wenn diese vom historischen Standpunkt aus betrachtet konfliktbeladen waren). Im letzten Teil beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit der Sprache der Emotionen. Liszt gelingt es durch sein ausserordentliches Wortschatzraffinement, die Wirkung von Chopins Musik auf die Hörenden zu charakterisieren. Diese Musik beraube sie ihrer selbst.
Stendhal hat sich immer geweigert, was er "le bête de la musique" (Das Dumme der Musik) nennt, zu studieren, und meinte die technischen Aspekte. Hingegen war er äußerst sensibel für die Schönheit der Opern, insbesondere diejenigen von Mozart, Cimarosa und Rossini. Die musikalische Emotion, die er empfindet, ist ein komplexes Phänomen, dass es zu analysieren gilt, indem mehrere Ebenen unterschieden werden, auch wenn sie sich häufig überschneiden. Musikalische Emotionen können mit den Anfängen der Liebesleidenschaft oder mit deren Erinnerung verbunden sein (siehe 'Lucien Leuwen'), sie kann auch ein Zeichen der Übereinstimmung zwischen zwei Wesen sein. Aber musikalische Emotionen sind manchmal auch auf die Musik allein zurückzuführen, die selbst keinen externen Referenten hat. Die wesentliche Frage für den Schriftsteller bleibt: Wie kann man die musikalische Emotion durch den Text wiedergeben? Diese Schwierigkeit ist bei einer rein musikalisch ausgelösten Emotion größer. Wir werden sehen, wie Stendhal die Schwierigkeit umgeht oder sie löst.
After studying the way in which various modern interpretations (political, psychoanalytic, traumatological) of Homer analyze the emotions aroused and/or conveyed by the song of the sirens, we will look at the "self-reflexive" interpretation that Maurice Blanchot ("Le Livre à venir", 1959) proposes of "Odyssey's" "Song XII". We will see that this interpretation can provide an excellent reading grid for modern rewritings of the episode, which overinvest one of the emotional aspects of the sirens' song - that is, the emotion of the language that goes out of itself in order to become music (in Joyce - "Ulysses", 1918-1920) or silence (in Kafka - "Das Schweigen der Sirenen", 1917).
Since antiquity, poetry and music in the Near East have been interrelated and were believed to have extraordinary powers. Both the context in which oral poetry is set, and the musically induced state of enchantment or ecstasy it produces, are defined in Arabic by the word 'ṭarab'. This article aims to provide an exhaustive definition of this concept, as well as a brief introduction to the artistic domain that encompasses extemporary performance of songs/poems, from the pre-Islamic period up until our modern era. Drawing on literary excerpts, the article attempts to highlight how music, literary performance and aesthetic emotion are amalgamated through the holistic experience of 'ṭarab', which has maintained its basic features virtually unchanged from the days of Ǧāhiliyya until the golden age of Umm Kulthum.
Au sein de la grande famille des arts, la musique et la littérature ont toujours eu une relation privilégiée, et lorsqu'au XVIIIe siècle, la réflexion sur la relation entre les arts devient un champ d'étude à part entière, elle ne se fait pas faute de la mettre en évidence: arts possédant une origine commune (Rousseau); arts liés au temps alors que les autres arts se déploient dans l'espace (Lessing); arts qui entretiennent une relation de complémentarité esthétique et qui, par ailleurs, ont longtemps été inséparables l'un de l'autre.
Personne, à ma connaissance, ne s'est encore intéressé aux rapports que Rainer Maria Rilke a entretenus avec la revue 'Commerce' qui, à la fin de 1924, fut la première à publier quelquesuns de ses poèmes français. Les nombreuses études consacrées à cet auteur ne s'étendent pas sur cette question et par conséquent, les données qui figurent dans les lettres et les notes des textes édités n’ont pas encore été présentées dans un ensemble cohérent. Dans cet article, je me propose de mettre en lumière les rapports entre Rilke et 'Commerce' en me basant sur seize lettres inédites de Rilke à Marguerite Caetani, la mécène de la revue, conservées dans des archives privées, à Rome. Ceci me permettra d'ajouter quelques éléments à l'image existante de la vie et de l'oeuvre de Rilke à Paris, qui, quoique minutieusement documentée, ne cesse de s'affiner. Pour cela, il faut d'abord que je réponde à la question de savoir quelle est la stratégie suivie par 'Commerce' dans ses rapports avec les auteurs et leurs contributions.