Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (359) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (176)
- Preprint (137)
- Doctoral Thesis (27)
- Conference Proceeding (9)
- Contribution to a Periodical (5)
- Bachelor Thesis (3)
- Master's Thesis (2)
Has Fulltext
- yes (359)
Keywords
- BESIII (5)
- Branching fraction (3)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (3)
- Lattice QCD (3)
- Particle decays (3)
- Quantum chromodynamics (3)
- Quantum field theory (3)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (3)
- e+-e− Experiments (3)
- AdS-CFT Correspondence (2)
Institute
- Physik (359) (remove)
The Born cross sections for the process e+e−→η′π+π− at different center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV are reported with improved precision from an analysis of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. An obvious structure is observed in the Born cross section line shape. Fit as a Breit-Wigner resonance, it has a statistical significance of 6.3σ and a mass and width of M=(2111±43±25)~MeV/c2 and Γ=(135±34±30)~MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measured resonance parameters agree with the measurements of BABAR in e+e−→η′π+π− and BESIII in e+e−→ωπ0 within two standard deviations.
The Born cross sections for the process e+e−→η′π+π− at different center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08~GeV are reported with improved precision from an analysis of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. An obvious structure is observed in the Born cross section line shape. Fit as a Breit-Wigner resonance, it has a statistical significance of 6.3σ and a mass and width of M=(2108±46±25)~MeV/c2 and Γ=(138±36±30)~MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measured resonance parameters agree with the measurements of BABAR in e+e−→η′π+π− and BESIII in e+e−→ωπ0 within two standard deviations.
We report a study of the processes of e+e−→K+(D−sD∗0+D∗−sD0) based on e+e− annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb−1. An excess over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the D−sD∗0 and D∗−sD0 mass thresholds in the K+ recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at s√=4.681 GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5+1.8−2.6±2.1) MeV/c2 and (12.8+5.3−4.4±3.0) MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3 σ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate of the charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D−sD∗0 and D∗−sD0. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
Observation of a near-threshold structure in the K⁺ recoil-mass spectra in e⁺e⁻ → K⁺(Dₛ⁻D*⁰+Dₛ*⁻D⁰)
(2021)
We report a study of the processes of 𝑒+𝑒−→𝐾+𝐷−𝑠𝐷*0 and 𝐾+𝐷*−𝑠𝐷0 based on 𝑒+𝑒− annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb−1. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the 𝐷−𝑠𝐷*0 and 𝐷*−𝑠𝐷0 mass thresholds in the 𝐾+ recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at √𝑠=4.681 GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5+1.8
−2.6±2.1) MeV/𝑐2 and (12.8+5.3−4.4±3.0) MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3 𝜎 over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into 𝐷−𝑠𝐷*0 and 𝐷*−𝑠𝐷0. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
In this work we investigate the existence of bound states for doubly heavy tetraquark systems Q¯Q¯′qq′ in a full lattice-QCD computation, where heavy bottom quarks are treated in the framework of non-relativistic QCD. We focus on three systems with quark content b¯b¯ud, b¯b¯us and b¯c¯ud. We show evidence for the existence of b¯b¯ud and b¯b¯us bound states, while no binding appears to be present for b¯c¯ud. For the bound four-quark states we also discuss the importance of various creation operators and give an estimate of the meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark percentages.
Search for the lepton number violating decay Σ⁻ → pe⁻e⁻ and the rare inclusive decay Σ⁻ → Σ⁺X
(2021)
Using a data sample of (1310.6±7.0)×106 𝐽/𝜓 events taken with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.097 GeV, we search for the first time for the lepton number violating decay Σ−→𝑝𝑒−𝑒− and the rare inclusive decay Σ−→Σ+𝑋, where 𝑋 denotes any possible particle combination. The Σ− candidates are tagged in 𝐽/𝜓→¯Σ(1385)+Σ− decays. No signal candidates are found, and the upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be ℬ(Σ−→𝑝𝑒−𝑒−)<6.7×10−5 and ℬ(Σ−→Σ+𝑋)<1.2×10−4.
Using 10.1 × 109 J/ψ events produced by the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) at a center-of-mass energy √s = 3.097 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector, we present a search for the rare semi-leptonic decay J/ψ → D−e+νe + c.c. No excess of signal above background is observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction B(J/ψ → D−e +νe + c.c.) < 7.1 × 10−8 is obtained at 90% confidence level. This is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude over the previous best limit.
Using 6.32 fb−1 of 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, an amplitude analysis of the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾0𝑆𝐾−𝜋+𝜋+ decays is performed for the first time to determine the intermediate-resonant contributions. The dominant component is the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾*(892)+¯𝐾*(892)0 decay with a fraction of (40.6±2.9stat±4.9sys)%. Our results of the amplitude analysis are used to obtain a more precise measurement of the branching fraction of the 𝐷+𝑠→𝐾0𝑆𝐾−𝜋+𝜋+ decay, which is determined to be (1.46±0.05stat±0.05sys)%.
Using a total of 5.25 fb−1 of e+e− collision data with center-of-mass energies from 4.236 to 4.600 GeV, we report the first observation of the process e+e− → ηψ(2S) with a statistical significance of 4.9 standard deviations. The data sets were collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. We measure the yield of events integrated over center-of-mass energies and also present the energy dependence of the measured cross section.
The decays D → K−π+π+π− and D → K−π+π 0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated DD¯ pairs produced through the process e+e− → ψ(3770) → DD¯, exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 . Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D0 and a D¯ 0 meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle in B− → DK− decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be RK3π = 0.52+0.12−0.10 and RKππ0 = 0.78 ± 0.04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are δ K3π D = (167+31−19)◦ and δKππ0D = (196+14−15◦ , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D → K−π+π+π− to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of γ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6◦.
We report new measurements of the branching fraction ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→ℓ+𝜈), where ℓ+ is either 𝜇+ or 𝜏+(→𝜋+¯𝜈𝜏), based on 6.32 fb−1 of electron-positron annihilation data collected by the BESIII experiment at six center-of-mass energy points between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. Simultaneously floating the 𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇 and 𝐷+𝑠→𝜏+𝜈𝜏 components yields ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→𝜏+𝜈𝜏)=(5.21±0.25±0.17)×10−2, ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇)=(5.35±0.13±0.16)×10−3, and the ratio of decay widths 𝑅=Γ(𝐷+𝑠→𝜏+𝜈𝜏)Γ(𝐷+𝑠→𝜇+𝜈𝜇)=9.73+0.61−0.58±0.36, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No evidence of 𝐶𝑃 asymmetry is observed in the decay rates 𝐷±𝑠→𝜇±𝜈𝜇 and 𝐷±𝑠→𝜏±𝜈𝜏: 𝐴𝐶𝑃(𝜇±𝜈)=(−1.2±2.5±1.0)% and 𝐴𝐶𝑃(𝜏±𝜈)=(+2.9±4.8±1.0)%. Constraining our measurement to the Standard Model expectation of lepton universality (𝑅=9.75), we find the more precise results ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→𝜏+𝜈𝜏)=(5.22±0.10±0.14)×10−2 and 𝐴𝐶𝑃(𝜏±𝜈𝜏)=(−0.1±1.9±1.0)%. Combining our results with inputs external to our analysis, we determine the 𝑐→¯𝑠 quark mixing matrix element, 𝐷+𝑠 decay constant, and ratio of the decay constants to be |𝑉𝑐𝑠|=0.973±0.009±0.014, 𝑓𝐷+𝑠=249.9±2.4±3.5 MeV, and 𝑓𝐷+𝑠/𝑓𝐷+=1.232±0.035, respectively.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data taken with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, the observation of the D0→K1(1270)−e+νe semileptonic decay is presented. The statistical significance of the decay D0→K1(1270)−e+νe is greater than 10σ. The branching fraction of D0→K1(1270)−e+νe is measured to be (1.09±0.13+0.09−0.16±0.12)×10−3. Here, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third originates from the assumed branching fraction of K1(1270)−→K−π+π−. The fraction of longitudinal polarization in D0→K1(1270)−e+νe is determined for the first time to be 0.50±0.19stat±0.08syst.
Using 2.93 fb−1 of e+e− collision data taken with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, the observation of the D0→K1(1270)−e+νe semileptonic decay is presented. The statistical significance of the decay D0→K1(1270)−e+νe is greater than 10σ. The branching fraction of D0→K1(1270)−e+νe is measured to be (1.09±0.13+0.09−0.13±0.12)×10−3. Here, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third originates from the assumed branching fraction of K1(1270)−→K−π+π−.
Born cross sections for the processes e+e− → ωη and e+e− → ωπ0 have been determined for centerof-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous measurements but with improved precision. Two resonant structures are observed. In the e+e− → ωη cross sections, a resonance with a mass of (2176 ± 24 ± 3) MeV/c2 and a width of (89 ± 50 ± 5) MeV is observed with a significance of 6.2σ. Its properties are consistent with the φ(2170). In the e+e− → ωπ0 cross sections, a resonance denoted Y (2040) is observed with a significance of more than 10σ. Its mass and width are determined to be (2034 ± 13 ± 9) MeV/c2 and (234 ± 30 ± 25) MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.
The Born cross sections of the e+e− → +¯ − and e+e− → −¯ + processes are determined for centerof-mass energy from 2.3864 to 3.0200 GeV with the BESIII detector. The cross section lineshapes can be described properly by a pQCD function and the resulting ratio of effective form factors for the + and − is consistent with 3. In addition, ratios of the + electric and magnetic form factors, |GE /GM |, are obtained at three center-of-mass energies through an analysis of the angular distributions. These measurements, which are studied for the first time in the off-resonance region, provide precision experimental input for understanding baryonic structure. The observed new features of the ± form factors require more theoretical discussions for the hyperons.
We report an amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of 𝐷+
𝑠→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋+ decay using a data sample of 3.19 fb−1 recorded with BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. We perform a model-independent partial wave analysis in the low 𝐾+𝐾− mass region to determine the 𝐾+𝐾− S-wave line shape, followed by an amplitude analysis of our very pure high-statistics sample. With the detection efficiency based on the amplitude analysis results, the absolute branching fraction is measured to be ℬ(𝐷+𝑠→𝐾+𝐾−𝜋+)=(5.47±0.08stat±0.13sys)%.
We report an amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of D+s→K+K−π+ decay using a data sample of 3.19 fb−1 recorded with BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV.
We perform a model-independent partial wave analysis in the low K+K− mass region to determine the K+K− S-wave lineshape, followed by an amplitude analysis of our very pure high-statistics sample.
The amplitude analysis provides an accurate determination of the detection efficiency allowing us to measure the branching fraction B(D+s→K+K−π+)=(5.47±0.08stat±0.13sys)%.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy s√=3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector, the decay D0→ωϕ is observed for the first time. The branching fraction is measured to be (6.48±0.96±0.38)×10−4 with a significance of 6.3σ, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. An angular analysis reveals that the ϕ and ω mesons from the D0→ωϕ decay are transversely polarized.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy s√=3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector, the decay D0→ωϕ is observed for the first time. The branching fraction is measured to be (6.48±0.96±0.38)×10−4 with a significance of 6.3σ, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. An angular analysis reveals that the ϕ and ω mesons from the D0→ωϕ decay are transversely polarized, which is inconsistent with current theoretical expectations and challenges our understanding of the underlying dynamics in charm meson decays.
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 collected at a center-of-mass energy s√=3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector, the decay D0→ωϕ is observed for the first time. The branching fraction is measured to be (6.48±0.96±0.40)×10−4 with a significance of 6.3σ, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. An angular analysis reveals that the ϕ and ω mesons from the D0→ωϕ decay are transversely polarized. The 95% confidence level upper limit on longitudinal polarization fraction is set to be less than 0.24, which is inconsistent with current theoretical expectations and challenges our understanding of the underlying dynamics in charm meson decays.
Using data samples with a total integrated luminosity of 20.1 fb−1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the cross section of the process 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜋+𝜋−𝜓(3686) is measured at center-of-mass energies between 4.0076 and 4.6984 GeV. The measured cross section is consistent with previous results, and with much improved precision. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross section, which includes three Breit-Wigner functions and a nonresonant contribution, confirms the existence of the charmonium-like states 𝑌(4220), 𝑌(4390), and 𝑌(4660). This is the first observation of the 𝑌(4660) at the BESIII experiment.
Using (10.087±0.044)×109 𝐽/𝜓 events collected by the Beijing Spectrum III (BESIII) detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider II (BEPCII) collider, we search for the hyperon semileptonic decay Ξ−→Ξ0𝑒−¯𝜈𝑒. No significant signal is observed and the upper limit on the branching fraction ℬ(Ξ−→Ξ0𝑒−¯𝜈𝑒) is set to be 2.59×10−4 at 90% confidence level. This result is one order of magnitude more strict than the previous best limit.
Using inclusive decays of the J/ψ, a precise determination of the number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector is performed. For the two data sets taken in 2009 and 2012, the numbers of J/ψ events are recalculated to be (224.0±1.3)×106 and (1088.5±4.4)×106 respectively, which are in good agreement with the previous measurements. For the J/ψ sample taken in 2017--2019, the number of events is determined to be (8774.0±39.4)×106. The total number of J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector is determined to be (10087±44)×106, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.
A search for the charged lepton flavor violating decay 𝐽/𝜓→𝑒±𝜏∓ with 𝜏∓→𝜋∓𝜋0𝜈𝜏 is performed with about 10×109 𝐽/𝜓 events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII. No significant signal is observed, and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction ℬ(𝐽/𝜓→𝑒±𝜏∓)<7.5×10−8 at the 90% confidence level. This improves the previously published limit by two orders of magnitude.
During the 2016-17 and 2018-19 running periods, the BESIII experiment collected 7.5~fb−1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.44 GeV. These data samples are primarily used for the study of excited charmonium and charmoniumlike states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e−→(γISR/FSR)μ+μ−, we measure the center-of-mass energies of the data samples with a precision of 0.6 MeV. Through a run-by-run study, we find that the center-of-mass energies were stable throughout most of the data-taking period.
During the 2016-17 and 2018-19 running periods, the BESIII experiment collected 7.5~fb−1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.44 GeV. These data samples are primarily used for the study of excited charmonium and charmoniumlike states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e−→(γISR/FSR)μ+μ−, we measure the center-of-mass energies of the data samples with a precision of 0.6 MeV. Through a run-by-run study, we find that the center-of-mass energies were stable throughout most of the data-taking period.
During the 2016-17 and 2018-19 running periods, the BESIII experiment collected 7.5~fb−1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.44 GeV. These data samples are primarily used for the study of excited charmonium and charmoniumlike states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e−→(γISR/FSR)μ+μ−, we measure the center-of-mass energies of the data samples with a precision of 0.6 MeV. Through a run-by-run study, we find that the center-of-mass energies were stable throughout most of the data-taking period.
During the 2016-17 and 2018-19 running periods, the BESIII experiment collected 7.5~fb−1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.44 GeV. These data samples are primarily used for the study of excited charmonium and charmoniumlike states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e−→(γISR/FSR)μ+μ−, we measure the center-of-mass energies of the data samples with a precision of 0.6 MeV. Through a run-by-run study, we find that the center-of-mass energies were stable throughout most of the data-taking period.
During the 2016-17 and 2018-19 running periods, the BESIII experiment collected 7.5 fb -1 of e+e− collision data at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.44 GeV. These data samples are primarily used for the study of excited charmonium and charmoniumlike states. By analyzing the di-muon process e+e− (γISR/FSR)µ -> +µ-, we measure the center-of-mass energies of the data samples with a precision of 0.6 MeV. Through a run-by-run study, we find that the center-of-mass energies were stable throughout most of the data-collection period.
In Ref. [1] the BESIII collaboration published a cross section measurement of the process e+e− → π+π− in the energy range between 600 and 900 MeV. In this corrigendum, we report a corrected evaluation of the statistical errors in terms of a fully propagated covariance matrix. The correction also yields a reduced statistical uncertainty for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, which now reads as aππ,LO μ (600 − 900 MeV) = (368.2 ± 1.5stat ± 3.3syst) × 10−10. The central values of the cross section measurement and of aππ,LO μ , as well as the systematic uncertainties remain unchanged.
We investigate the possible formation of a Bose-Einstein condensed phase of pions in the early Universe at nonvanishing values of lepton flavor asymmetries. A hadron resonance gas model with pion interactions, based on first-principle lattice QCD simulations at nonzero isospin density, is used to evaluate cosmic trajectories at various values of electron, muon, and tau lepton asymmetries that satisfy the available constraints on the total lepton asymmetry. The cosmic trajectory can pass through the pion condensed phase if the combined electron and muon asymmetry is sufficiently large: |le+lμ|≳0.1, with little sensitivity to the difference le−lμ between the individual flavor asymmetries. Future constraints on the values of the individual lepton flavor asymmetries will thus be able to either confirm or rule out the condensation of pions during the cosmic QCD epoch. We demonstrate that the pion condensed phase leaves an imprint both on the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves and on the mass distribution of primordial black holes at the QCD scale, e.g., the black hole binary of recent LIGO event GW190521 can be formed in that phase.
The Born cross sections and effective form factors for process 𝑒+𝑒−→Ξ−¯Ξ+ are measured at eight center-of-mass energies between 2.644 and 3.080 GeV, using a total integrated luminosity of 363.9 pb−1 𝑒+𝑒− collision data collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. After performing a fit to the Born cross section of 𝑒+𝑒−→Ξ−¯Ξ+, no significant threshold effect is observed.
A single wavelength heterodyne interferometer has been set up to investigate the free electron density integrated axially along the line of sight (line density) in a theta-pinch plasma to determine its applicability as a plasma target for ion beam stripping. The maximal line density reached in this experiment was (3.57 ± 0.28) × 1018 cm−2 at 80 Pa and 20 kV. The findings demonstrate the pulsed character of the line density and its increase by raising the load voltage and the working gas pressure. Additionally, the results were compared with spectroscopic free electron density estimations, which were carried out by Hβ -line broadening and peak separation. The time behavior of the line density indicates that its peak value is delayed by about 10 μs compared to the spectroscopic results. This effect is due to the formation of an extended, magnetically compressed plasma column in the vicinity of the current maximum, although the highest volumetric free electron density is reached near the current zero crossing. Since the line density is an essential parameter in describing the stripping capabilities of the plasma target, the interferometric diagnostic is superior to a spectroscopic diagnostic, because it directly provides integrated values along the line of sight. Furthermore, the measurements of the line density in this experiment partially show nonphysical negative values, which is due to gaseous effects and residual shot vibrations.
We use holography to study the dynamics of a strongly-coupled gauge theory in four-dimensional de Sitter space with Hubble rate H. The gauge theory is non-conformal with a characteristic mass scale M. We solve Einstein’s equations numerically and determine the time evolution of homogeneous gauge theory states. If their initial energy density is high compared with H4 then the early-time evolution is well described by viscous hydrodynamics with a non-zero bulk viscosity. At late times the dynamics is always far from equilibrium. The asymptotic late-time state preserves the full de Sitter symmetry group and its dual geometry is a domain-wall in AdS5. The approach to this state is characterised by an emergent relation of the form P = w ℰ that is different from the equilibrium equation of state in flat space. The constant w does not depend on the initial conditions but only on H/M and is negative if the ratio H/M is close to unity. The event and the apparent horizons of the late-time solution do not coincide with one another, reflecting its non-equilibrium nature. In between them lies an “entanglement horizon” that cannot be penetrated by extremal surfaces anchored at the boundary, which we use to compute the entanglement entropy of boundary regions. If the entangling region equals the observable universe then the extremal surface coincides with a bulk cosmological horizon that just touches the event horizon, while for larger regions the extremal surface probes behind the event horizon.
We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a universal QNEC2 constraint for first order phase transitions with kinked entanglement entropy and discuss in general the relation between the QNEC2-inequality and monotonicity of the Casini-Huerta c-function. We then focus on a specific example, the holographic dual of which is modelled by three-dimensional Einstein gravity plus a massive scalar field with one free parameter in the self-interaction potential. We study translation invariant stationary states dual to domain walls and black branes. Depending on the value of the free parameter we find crossover, second and first order phase transitions between such states, and the c-function either flows to zero or to a finite value in the infrared. We present evidence that evaluating QNEC2 for ground state solutions allows to predict the existence of phase transitions at finite temperature.
Holography has provided valuable insights into the time evolution of strongly coupled gauge theories in a fixed spacetime. However, this framework is insufficient if this spacetime is dynamical. We present a novel scheme to evolve a four-dimensional, strongly interacting gauge theory coupled to four-dimensional dynamical gravity in the semiclassical regime. We use holography to evolve the quantum gauge theory stress tensor. The four-dimensional metric evolves according to the four-dimensional Einstein equations coupled to the expectation value of the stress tensor. We focus on Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker geometries and evolve far-from-equilibrium initial states that lead to asymptotically expanding, flat or collapsing Universes.
We use the quantum null energy condition in strongly coupled two-dimensional field theories (QNEC2) as diagnostic tool to study a variety of phase structures, including crossover, second and first order phase transitions. We find a universal QNEC2 constraint for first order phase transitions with kinked entanglement entropy and discuss in general the relation between the QNEC2-inequality and monotonicity of the Casini-Huerta c-function. We then focus on a specific example, the holographic dual of which is modelled by three-dimensional Einstein gravity plus a massive scalar field with one free parameter in the self-interaction potential. We study translation invariant stationary states dual to domain walls and black branes. Depending on the value of the free parameter we find crossover, second and first order phase transitions between such states, and the c-function either flows to zero or to a finite value in the infrared. Strikingly, evaluating QNEC2 for ground state solutions allows to predict the existence of phase transitions at finite temperature.
We present a novel framework for the equation of state of dense and hot Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which focuses on the region of the phase diagram relevant for neutron star mergers and core-collapse supernovae. The model combines predictions from the gauge/gravity duality with input from lattice field theory, QCD perturbation theory, chiral effective theory and statistical modeling. It is therefore, by construction, in good agreement with theoretical constraints both at low and high densities and temperatures. The main ingredients of our setup are the non-perturbative V-QCD model based on the gauge/gravity duality, a van der Waals model for nucleon liquid, and the DD2 version of the Hempel-Schaffner-Bielich statistical model of nuclear matter. By consistently combining these models, we also obtain a description for the nuclear to quark matter phase transition and its critical endpoint. The parameter dependence of the model is represented by three (soft, intermediate and stiff) variants of the equation of state, all of which agree with observational constraints from neutron stars and their mergers. We discuss resulting constraints for the equation of state, predictions for neutron stars and the location of the critical point.
We present the first holographic simulations of non-equilibrium steady state formation in strongly coupled N=4 SYM theory in 3+1 dimensions. We initially join together two thermal baths at different temperatures and chemical potentials and compare the subsequent evolution of the combined system to analytic solutions of the corresponding Riemann problem and to numeric solutions of ideal and viscous hydrodynamics. The time evolution of the energy density that we obtain holographically is consistent with the combination of a shock and a rarefaction wave: A shock wave moves towards the cold bath, and a smooth broadening wave towards the hot bath. Between the two waves emerges a steady state with constant temperature and flow velocity, both of which are accurately described by a shock+rarefaction wave solution of the Riemann problem. In the steady state region, a smooth crossover develops between two regions of different charge density. This is reminiscent of a contact discontinuity in the Riemann problem. We also obtain results for the entanglement entropy of regions crossed by shock and rarefaction waves and find both of them to closely follow the evolution of the energy density.
We present the first holographic simulations of non-equilibrium steady state formation in strongly coupled N=4 SYM theory in 3+1 dimensions. We initially join together two thermal baths at different temperatures and chemical potentials and compare the subsequent evolution of the combined system to analytic solutions of the corresponding Riemann problem and to numeric solutions of ideal and viscous hydrodynamics. The time evolution of the energy density that we obtain holographically is consistent with the combination of a shock and a rarefaction wave: A shock wave moves towards the cold bath, and a smooth broader wave towards the hot bath. Between the two waves emerges a steady state with constant temperature and flow velocity, both of which are accurately described by a shock+rarefaction wave solution of the Riemann problem. In the steady state region develops a smooth crossover between two regions of different charge densities that diffuses on a timescale proportional to t√ and is reminiscent of a contact discontinuity in the Riemann problem. We also obtain results for the entanglement entropy of regions crossed by shock and rarefaction waves and find both of them to closely follow the evolution of the energy density.
Biological as well as advanced artificial intelligences (AIs) need to decide which goals to pursue. We review nature's solution to the time allocation problem, which is based on a continuously readjusted categorical weighting mechanism we experience introspectively as emotions. One observes phylogenetically that the available number of emotional states increases hand in hand with the cognitive capabilities of animals and that raising levels of intelligence entail ever larger sets of behavioral options. Our ability to experience a multitude of potentially conflicting feelings is in this view not a leftover of a more primitive heritage, but a generic mechanism for attributing values to behavioral options that can not be specified at birth. In this view, emotions are essential for understanding the mind. For concreteness, we propose and discuss a framework which mimics emotions on a functional level. Based on time allocation via emotional stationarity (TAES), emotions are implemented as abstract criteria, such as satisfaction, challenge and boredom, which serve to evaluate activities that have been carried out. The resulting timeline of experienced emotions is compared with the “character” of the agent, which is defined in terms of a preferred distribution of emotional states. The long-term goal of the agent, to align experience with character, is achieved by optimizing the frequency for selecting individual tasks. Upon optimization, the statistics of emotion experience becomes stationary.
This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, |GE | and |GM|, using the ¯pp → μ+μ− reaction at PANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at PANDA, using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is ¯pp → π+π−,due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distribuations of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented.
How long does it take to emit an electron from an atom? This question has intrigued scientists for decades. As such emission times are in the attosecond regime, the advent of attosecond metrology using ultrashort and intense lasers has re-triggered strong interest on the topic from an experimental standpoint. Here, we present an approach to measure such emission delays, which does not require attosecond light pulses, and works without the presence of superimposed infrared laser fields. We instead extract the emission delay from the interference pattern generated as the emitted photoelectron is diffracted by the parent ion’s potential. Targeting core electrons in CO, we measured a 2d map of photoelectron emission delays in the molecular frame over a wide range of electron energies. The emission times depend drastically on the photoelectrons’ emission directions in the molecular frame and exhibit characteristic changes along the shape resonance of the molecule.
Upon antibiotic stress Gram-negative pathogens deploy resistance-nodulation-cell division-type tripartite efflux pumps. These include a H+/drug antiporter module that recognizes structurally diverse substances, including antibiotics. Here, we show the 3.5 Å structure of subunit AdeB from the Acinetobacter baumannii AdeABC efflux pump solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The AdeB trimer adopts mainly a resting state with all protomers in a conformation devoid of transport channels or antibiotic binding sites. However, 10% of the protomers adopt a state where three transport channels lead to the closed substrate (deep) binding pocket. A comparison between drug binding of AdeB and Escherichia coli AcrB is made via activity analysis of 20 AdeB variants, selected on basis of side chain interactions with antibiotics observed in the AcrB periplasmic domain X-ray co-structures with fusidic acid (2.3 Å), doxycycline (2.1 Å) and levofloxacin (2.7 Å). AdeABC, compared to AcrAB-TolC, confers higher resistance to E. coli towards polyaromatic compounds and lower resistance towards antibiotic compounds.
Many Polyakov loop models can be written in a dual formulation which is free of sign problem even when a non-vanishing baryon chemical potential is introduced in the action. Here, results of numerical simulations of a dual representation of one such effective Polyakov loop model at finite baryon density are presented. We compute various local observables such as energy density, baryon density, quark condensate and describe in details the phase diagram of the model. The regions of the first order phase transition and the crossover, as well as the line of the second order phase transition, are established. We also compute several correlation functions of the Polyakov loops.
We study the μ-μ45-T phase diagram of the 2+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model, where μ denotes the ordinary chemical potential, μ45 the chiral chemical potential and T the temperature. We use the mean-field approximation and two different lattice regularizations with naive chiral fermions. An inhomogeneous phase at finite lattice spacing is found for one of the two regularizations. Our results suggest that there is no inhomogeneous phase in the continuum limit. We show that a chiral chemical potential is equivalent to an isospin chemical potential. Thus, all results presented in this work can also be interpreted in the context of isospin imbalance.
The phase diagram of the (1+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model is reanalyzed for (non-)zero chemical potential and (non-)zero temperature within the mean-field approximation. By investigating the momentum dependence of the bosonic two-point function, the well-known second-order phase transition from the Z2 symmetric phase to the so-called inhomogeneous phase is detected. In the latter phase the chiral condensate is periodically varying in space and translational invariance is broken. This work is a proof of concept study that confirms that it is possible to correctly localize second-order phase transition lines between phases without condensation and phases of spatially inhomogeneous condensation via a stability analysis of the homogeneous phase. To complement other works relying on this technique, the stability analysis is explained in detail and its limitations and successes are discussed in context of the Gross-Neveu model. Additionally, we present explicit results for the bosonic wave-function renormalization in the mean-field approximation, which is extracted analytically from the bosonic two-point function. We find regions -- a so-called moat regime -- where the wave function renormalization is negative accompanying the inhomogeneous phase as expected.
In this work, the phase diagram of the 2+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model is investigated with baryon chemical potential as well as chiral chemical potential in the mean-field approximation. We study the theory using two lattice discretizations, which are both based on naive fermions. An inhomogeneous chiral phase is observed only for one of the two discretizations. Our results suggest that this phase disappears in the continuum limit.