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Leben und Werk des aus Münzenberg/Hessen stammenden Algebraikers Konrad Landvogt (um 1500) hat Menso Folkerts 1992 in einer grundlegenden Untersuchung erstmals in Umrissen skizziert. Hauptsächlich gestützt auf vier Handschriften, die in der Universitätsbibliothek Uppsala aufbewahrt werden, faßte er zusammen, was sich aus diesen Quellen über die (ungedruckt gebliebenen) mathematischen Schriften Landvogts und über seinen Lebensumkreis (Studium in Erfurt, persönliche Beziehungen nach Arnsburg, Friedberg, Mainz, Worms) ermitteln läßt. Wie Folkerts selbst betonte, war es ihm nicht möglich, in jeder Hinsicht abschließende Nachweise zu bieten; weitere Detailstudien seien notwendig. Als Beitrag dazu verstehen sich die folgenden Ergänzungen.
Vom 19. bis 20.9.2003 fand in Worms eine vom Stadtarchiv und der Domgemeinde St. Peter organisierte wissenschaftliche Tagung aus Anlass des 500. Todestages des Bischofs Johann von Dalberg (1482–1503) statt, bei der Referenten ganz unterschiedlicher Richtungen das Leben, das Wirken und die Zeitumstände in den Jahren um 1500 am Mittelrhein und vor allem in der Bischofsstadt Worms und ihrem Umland beleuchtet haben. Die Tagung stieß auf starkes Interesse, wurde doch mit Johann von Dalberg eine bedeutende, facettenreiche Persönlichkeit näher betrachtet, die in einer für die Stadt und die Region außerordentlich wichtigen und ereignisreichen Zeit wirkte und dessen Leben zahlreiche, bis heute greifbare Spuren in Worms und seinem Umland hinterlassen hat. Dankenswerterweise waren die Referenten bereit, ihre Beiträge für einen Sammelband zur Verfügung zu stellen, den wir hiermit der Öffentlichkeit vorlegen. Selbstverständlich können die Beiträge nur ausgewählte Aspekte beleuchten und bei weitem kein umfassendes Bild der Person, ihrer Verflechtungen und Verbindungen sowie der Zeit um 1500 für Stadt und Bistum Worms bieten. Allerdings zeigt sich in den Beiträgen ein weites Spektrum der Beschäftigung mit dem Bischof und seiner Zeit, neue Sichtweisen und Fragestellungen der jüngeren Forschung lassen sich ausmachen, Wege für die weitere Beschäftigung werden aufgezeigt. Wert gelegt wurde auf eine gute Bebilderung des Bandes; seiner verbesserten Nutzbarkeit soll das beigegebene Orts- und Personenregister dienen. Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort S. V Burkard KEILMANN, Johann von Dalberg und das Bistum Worms S.1 Gerold BÖNNEN, Zwischen Konflikt und Zusammenleben: Bischof Johann von Dalberg und die Stadt Worms S.41 Peter WALTER, „Inter nostrae tempestatis Pontifices facile doctissimus“. Der Wormser Bischof Johannes von Dalberg und der Humanismus S. 89 Joachim KEMPER, Die Wormser Klosterlandschaft in der Zeit des Johann von Dalberg S. 153 Rüdiger FUCHS, Zu Inschriften des Bistums Worms zur Zeit Bischof Johanns von Dalberg S. 169 Winfried WILHELMY, Zwischen Krummstab und Schnabelschuh. Kunstpolitik und Stiftungswesen an Rhein und Main im Zeitalter Johanns von Dalberg S. 187 Hanns HUBACH, Johann von Dalberg und das naturalistische Astwerk in der zeitgenössischen Skulptur in Worms, Heidelberg und Ladenburg S. 207 Register S. 233
Exempel in Vers- oder Prosaform, in lateinischer Sprache oder in volkssprachlichen Versionen sind aus den späteren Jahrhunderlen des Mittelalters in hoher Zahl überliefert. Neben den großen eigenständigen Exempla-Kompilationen waren es vor allem Enzyklopädien, Chroniken, Predigtsammlungen und Erbauungsschriften, die eine Vielzahl von Exempeln in sich aufnahmen und in ihren Bereichen weitergaben. J.-TH. WELTER hat der Gattung bereits 1927 einen umfassenden literaturgeschichtlichen Überblick gewidmet. Für elementare, auf Einzeltexte gerichtete Nachforschungen stellte F. C. TUBACH mit dem 1969 veröffentlichten 'Index exemplorum' einen nützlichen Wegweiser bereit. TUBACHS Werk hat auch zur näheren Bestimmung des im folgenden mitgeteilten kleinen Handschriftenfundes beigetragen. ...
The development of a drug product, beginning with the synthesis of the drug substance through approval for marketing, may take up to 15 years and a total amount of investment of up to half a billion Euro. After the discovery of a potential drug substance, many different investigations have to be performed: e.g. characterization of the physical-chemical properties, the pharmacological and toxicological profile and, especially relevant for this work, the development of the first dosage forms. After achieving these steps, first investigations in human studies can be carried out. After a positive assessment of the benefit to risk ratio, further investigations, such as food effects on the pharmacokinetics, multiple dosing studies and further studies on patients can be implemented. After successfully completing this second part the new drug product can be approved. With broader clinical experience it often becomes apparent that changes in relevant aspects of the formulation of the registered drug product e.g. excipients, concentration of the drug substance or excipient versus drug substance ratio, are necessary to optimise the therapy. This often leads to additional clinical investigations and a new registration, a procedure which is time and cost intensive. A possible way to reduce the financial and time investments, is to establish an appropriate in vivo- in vitro correlation (IVIVC). If it is possible to predict the in vivo performance of a drug product adequately with in vitro methods (dissolutions tests), it will no longer be necessary to perform additional clinical investigations. In this work, IVIVCs were investigated for three different drug substances and several different types of formulations.... ...Results of this work clearly show that successful IVIVCs can be achieved for the fasted state using biorelevant dissolution media. A prerequisite of achieving a good IVIVC is the availability of in vivo data of a reference product (i.v., oral solution or IR) tested within the same group of volunteers as the product of interest. Only with this procedure, one can obtain adequate IVIVCs for drug substances with high inter-individual variability of the plasma concentrations and with high first-pass metabolism. This work also shows that predictions of the in vivo behavior of a modified release dosage form after administration with a high fat meal are more difficult to obtain. This is mainly related to an absence of a medium, which could mimic the situation of the fed stomach adequately. Ensure plus®, which was chosen in this work, failed to simulate the fed stomach adequately in several cases; it suppressed the release of rosiglitazone from lipid formulations and led to rapid disruption of the HPMC-matrix of the 5-ISMN Geomatrix formulations. Future work should be directed towards optimization of the test media in the BioDis apparatus. This work clearly shows the inability of Ensure plus® to predict the in vivo performance of a drug under fed state conditions and indicates that alternative media must be developed. It is known that the pH of the stomach rises up to six after the intake of a meal. During the following hours the pH decreases until reaching the baseline value of approximately 1.8. One possibility of simulating the fed state stomach more precisely will be to divide the overall residence time into 4 different parts: 1. half a hour at pH 6 2. half a hour at pH 4 3. one hour at pH 3 4. two hours at pH 1.8 Another option is not only to modify the pH of the medium, but also to change its composition. During the decomposition of the food contents, the composition of the gastric juice changes, the ionic strength, the buffer capacity and the osmolarity rises, while the pH value decreases. A third possibility will be the addition of enzymes, mainly pepsin, lipases and amylases. Again, the quantity of the enzymes differs during the residence time of the food in the stomach. Highest quantities are expected in the first two hours after food intake and decreases in the remaining two hours. Another issue of this work was an assessment of the two dissolution apparatus, Paddle and BioDis. In general, the choice of the dissolution apparatus should be done primarily with respect to the solubility behavior of the drug substance. For high soluble drugs the USP apparatus II, Paddle, is sufficient (e.g. diltiazem or 5-ISMN). In cases of a poorly soluble drug (rosiglitazone), where the release strongly depends on the medium used, the USP apparatus III (BioDis) is favored, due to the advantage of simulating the GI-tract with a gradient of different dissolution media, each simulating one part of the GI-tract. In summary, the results of this work indicate that it is acurrently possible to predict fasted state behavior of a variety of controlled release products using in vitro tests. Prognoses was also made in terms of predicting food effects on the behavior of controlled release products, although it is clear that the media compositions will have to be revised to establish releiable predictive methods for the fed state.
Hard physics in STAR
(2005)
The hot and dense matter created in high-energy nuclear collisions is believed to undergo a transition into a deconfined phase where partonic degrees of freedom determine the dynamics of the medium. High-p⊥ partons, that are produced in the initial collisions between nucleons of the incoming nuclei, lose energy as they propagate through the medium. This effect, called jetquenching, is observed in high-p⊥ particle spectra, in azimuthal correlations with the reaction plane (elliptic flow) and jet-like two-particle correlations.
STAR consists of tracking detectors and electromagnetic calorimetry with large and azimuthally symmetric acceptance and is exceptionally well suited for single particle detection and correlation studies at high p⊥. In the last five years, it has collected a large dataset including Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at different energies and reference data from p+p and d+Au collisions.
We present particle spectra and two-particle correlations at high-p⊥, and relate these measurements to the properties of the medium.
The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is searching for axions produced in the Sun's core by the Primakoff process. CAST is using a decommissioned Large Hadron Collider (LHC) test magnet where axions could be converted back into X-rays with energies up to 10 keV. Analysis of the 2003 data showed no signal above background implying an upper limit for the axion-photon coupling constant gagg < 1.16 X 10 ^-10 GeV exp -1 at 95% C.L. for ma . 0.02 eV [1]. The higher quality 2004 data is presently under analysis. CAST Phase II is scheduled to start in late 2005. This will be the first step in extending CAST's sensitivity to axion rest masses up to ~ 1 eV.
We compute neutrino emissivities, specific heat, and the resulting cooling rates in four spin-one color superconductors: color-spin locked, planar, polar, and A phases. In particular, the role of anisotropies and point nodes in the quasiparticle excitation spectra are investigated. Furthermore, it is shown that the A phase exhibits a helicity order, giving rise to a reflection asymmetry in the neutrino emissivity.
The J/psi-hadron interaction is a key ingredient in analyzing the J/psi suppression in hot hadronic matter as well as the propagation of J/psi in nuclei. As a first step to clarify the J/psi-hadron interactions at low energies, we have calculated J/psi-pi, J/psi-rho and J/psi-nucleon scattering lengths by the quenched lattice QCD simulations with Wilson fermions for beta=6.2 on 24^3*48 and 32^3*48 lattices. Using the Luscher's method to extract the scattering length from the simulations in a finite box, we find an attractive interaction in the S-wave channel for all three systems: Among others, the J/psi-nucleon interaction is most attractive. Possibility of the J/psi-nucleon bound state is also discussed.