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The ability to respond appropriately to employees' work-related well-being requires leaders to pay attention to their employees' well-being in the first place. We propose that leaders' stress mindset, that is, the belief that stress is enhancing versus debilitating, may bias their perception of employees' well-being. We further propose that this judgment then influences leaders' intention to engage in or refrain from health-oriented leadership behavior, to express higher performance expectations, or to promote their employees. We expect this process to be stronger if leaders strongly identify with their team, increasing their perceived similarity with their employees. In three experiments (N1 = 198, N2 = 292, N3 = 250), we tested the effect of participants' stress mindset on their intention to show certain leadership behaviors, mediated by their perception of employee well-being (emotional exhaustion, somatic symptoms, work engagement) and moderated by their team identification. Our findings largely support the association between stress mindset and the perception of well-being. The results for the proposed mediation and the moderating function of identification were mixed. Overall, the results emphasize the critical role of leaders' stress mindset and may, thus, improve health promotion in organizations by helping leaders to adequately recognize employees' well-being and respond appropriately.
Although researchers and practitioners increasingly focus on health promotion in organizations, research has been mainly fragmented and fails to integrate different organizational levels in terms of their effects on employee health. Drawing on organizational climate and social identity research, we present a cascading model of organizational health climate and demonstrate how and when leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate are linked to employee well‐being. We tested our model in two multisource studies (NStudy 1 = 65 leaders and 291 employees; NStudy 2 = 401 leader–employee dyads). Results showed that leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate were positively related to their health mindsets (i.e., their health awareness). These in turn were positively associated with their health‐promoting leadership behavior, which ultimately went along with better employee well‐being. Additionally, in Study 1, the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets was moderated by their organizational identification. High leader identification strengthened the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets. These findings have important implications for theory and practice as they show how the dynamics of an organizational health climate can unfold in organizations and how it is related to employee well‐being via the novel concept of health‐promoting leadership.
Although researchers and practitioners increasingly focus on health promotion in organizations, research has been mainly fragmented and fails to integrate different organizational levels in terms of their effects on employee health. Drawing on organizational climate and social identity research, we present a cascading model of organizational health climate and demonstrate how and when leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate are linked to employee well-being. We tested our model in two multisource studies (NStudy 1 = 65 leaders and 291 employees; NStudy 2 = 401 leader–employee dyads). Results showed that leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate were positively related to their health mindsets (i.e., their health awareness). These in turn were positively associated with their health-promoting leadership behavior, which ultimately went along with better employee well-being. Additionally, in Study 1, the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets was moderated by their organizational identification. High leader identification strengthened the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets. These findings have important implications for theory and practice as they show how the dynamics of an organizational health climate can unfold in organizations and how it is related to employee well-being via the novel concept of health-promoting leadership.
Despite the increasing interest in leaders’ health-promoting behavior, the employees’ role in the effectiveness of such behavior and the mechanisms underlying how such leadership behavior affects their well-being have largely been ignored. Drawing on implicit leadership theories, we advance the health-oriented leadership literature by examining employees’ ideals, that is, their expectations regarding such leader behavior, as a moderating factor. We propose that higher expectations increase the association between actual health-oriented leader behavior and employee-rated leader-member relationships (LMX) and health-oriented behaviors by employees, which, in turn, positively relate to their well-being (here: exhaustion and work engagement). We tested our theoretical model in three studies, using a cross-sectional design (Study 1, N = 307), a two-wave time-lagged design (Study 2, N = 144) and an experimental design (Study 3, N = 173). We found that the effect of actual health-oriented leader behavior on LMX is contingent on employees’ ideal health-oriented leader behavior. Yet, for employees’ self-care behavior, the proposed moderation was only significant in Study 1. High expectations strengthened the relationship between actual health-oriented leader behavior with LMX and self-care behavior, which, in turn, were associated with less exhaustion and more work engagement (only LMX), supporting most of our mediation hypotheses. Our results highlight the pivotal role of employees’ expectations regarding leaders’ health support and help in building practical interventions with regard to leaders’ health promotion.
Recent studies have proven that Dimethylfumarate (DMF) has a marked anti-proliferative impact on diverse cancer entities e.g., on malignant melanoma. To explore its anti-tumorigenic potential, we examined the effects of DMF on human colon carcinoma cell lines and the underlying mechanisms of action. Human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and human colorectal carcinoma cell line T84 were treated with or without DMF. Effects of DMF on proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis were analyzed mainly by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)- and Lactatdehydrogenase (LDH)-assays, caspase activation, flowcytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting. In addition, combinational treatments with radiation and chemotherapy were performed. DMF inhibits cell proliferation in both cell lines. It was shown that DMF induces a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, which is accompanied by upregulation of p21 and downregulation of cyclin D1 and Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4. Furthermore, upregulation of autophagy associated proteins suggests that autophagy is involved. In addition, the activation of apoptotic markers provides evidence that apoptosis is involved. Our results show that DMF supports the action of oxaliplatin in a synergetic manner and failed synergy with radiation. We demonstrated that DMF has distinct anti-tumorigenic, cell dependent effects on colon cancer cells by arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase as well as activating both the autophagic and apoptotic pathways and synergizes with chemotherapy.
Background: Peritonitis is responsible for thousands of deaths annually in Germany alone. Even source control (SC) and antibiotic treatment often fail to prevent severe sepsis or septic shock, and this situation has hardly improved in the past two decades. Most experimental immunomodulatory therapeutics for sepsis have been aimed at blocking or dampening a specific pro-inflammatory immunological mediator. However, the patient collective is large and heterogeneous. There are therefore grounds for investigating the possibility of developing personalized therapies by classifying patients into groups according to biomarkers. This study aims to combine an assessment of the efficacy of treatment with a preparation of human immunoglobulins G, A, and M (IgGAM) with individual status of various biomarkers (immunoglobulin level, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, antigen D-related human leucocyte antigen (HLA-DR), transcription factor NF-κB1, adrenomedullin, and pathogen spectrum).
Methods/design: A total of 200 patients with sepsis or septic shock will receive standard-of-care treatment (SoC). Of these, 133 patients (selected by 1:2 randomization) will in addition receive infusions of IgGAM for 5 days. All patients will be followed for approximately 90 days and assessed by the multiple-organ failure (MOF) score, by the EQ QLQ 5D quality-of-life scale, and by measurement of vital signs, biomarkers (as above), and survival.
Discussion: This study is intended to provide further information on the efficacy and safety of treatment with IgGAM and to offer the possibility of correlating these with the biomarkers to be studied. Specifically, it will test (at a descriptive level) the hypothesis that patients receiving IgGAM who have higher inflammation status (IL-6) and poorer immune status (low HLA-DR, low immunoglobulin levels) have a better outcome than patients who do not receive IgGAM. It is expected to provide information that will help to close the knowledge gap concerning the association between the effect of IgGAM and the presence of various biomarkers, thus possibly opening the way to a personalized medicine.
Trial registration: EudraCT, 2016–001788-34; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03334006. Registered on 17 Nov 2017.
Trial sponsor: RWTH Aachen University, represented by the Center for Translational & Clinical Research Aachen (contact Dr. S. Isfort).
Es wird über ein mindestens seit dem Jahre 2009 bestehendes Vorkommen des Neophyten Persicaria nepalensis (MEISN.) H. GROSS (Polygonaceae) im Waldgebiet "Die Haard" (Haltern am See, Kreis Recklinghausen) berichtet. Die Art stammt ursprünglich aus den gemäßigten und tropischen Zonen Asiens. Vorkommen in NRW waren bereits aus dem Sauerland und der Wahner Heide bekannt. Die Art stammt aus Wildacker-Ansaaten und ist in der Haard entlang schattiger Waldwege eingebürgert.
Es wird über Vorkommen des Rauen Straußgrases Agrostis scabra WILLD. (Poaceae) in Essen und in Nordrhein-Westfalen berichtet. Die Art stammt ursprünglich aus Nordamerika und Ostasien. Sie ist im Ruhrgebiet mindestens seit 1992 eingebürgert und besiedelt offene Standorte auf Zechenbrachen und an Talsperren.
Das Laerholz an der Grenze zwischen den Bochumer Stadtteilen Querenburg und Laer ist ein strukturreicher Laubmischwald mit Eichen und Buchen hohen Alters. Es wird von der Asbecke durchflossen. Trotz des hohen Bebauungsdrucks im letzten Jahrhundert durch das aufstrebende Universitätsviertel wurde das Laerholz erhalten, sodass der ehemals zum Haus Laer gehörende Forst heute rege zur Naherholung genutzt wird. Nachdem wir das Gebiet von West nach Ost fast komplett durchlaufen hatten, erreichten wir den evangelischen Friedhof an der Schattbachstr. und die Obstwiese des BUND Bochum. Sie wird nach Methoden des
Since the discovery of the reversible intercalation of lithium-ion materials associated with promising electrochemical properties, lithium-containing materials have attracted attention in the research and development of effective cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Despite various studies on synthesis, and electrochemical properties of lithium-based materials, fairly little fundamental optical and thermodynamic studies are available in the literature. Here, we report on the structure, optical, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of Li-excess disordered rocksalt, Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 (LNMO) which was comprehensively studied using powder X-ray diffraction, transient absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and low-temperature heat capacity measurements. Charge carrier dynamics and electron–phonon coupling in LNMO were studied using ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data are consistent with the onset of long-range antiferromagnetic order at the Néel temperatures of 6.5 (1.5) K. The effective magnetic moment of LNMO is found to be 3.60 μB. The temperature dependence of the inverse magnetic susceptibility follows the Curie–Weiss law in the high-temperature region and shows negative values of the Weiss temperature 52 K (3), confirming the strong AFM interactions.
Three new deep-sea species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean
(2023)
The Thyasiridae is one of the species-richest families in the abyssal and hadal zones of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Many thyasirid species dominate benthic communities in terms of abundance and play an important role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems. Most of the thyasirid species in the region are new to science and have not been described. Based on the material collected from 1954 to 2016 by seven deep-sea expeditions, three new species of Thyasiridae (Parathyasira coani sp. nov., P. pauli sp. nov., and Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov.) are described from the abyssal and hadal zones (3210–7540 m depth) of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea, as well as the Kuril-Kamchatka and Japan trenches. The new species are remarkable among their congeners due to the combination of the following characters: an obliquely-rhomboidal shell with a weak and shallow posterior sulcus and a large prodissoconch with sculpture of lamellated folds. Comparisons with related species are provided.
The pA system is typically regarded in heavy ion collisions as a “cold” nuclear matter environment and thought to isolate and identify initial state effects due to the presence of multiple nucleons in the incoming nucleus. Moreover, pA collisions bridge the gap between peripheral AA collisions and the pp baseline to create a more complete understanding of underlying production mechanisms and how they evolve with multiplicity. Recent measurements at both RHIC and the LHC provide an indication, however, that the “cold” nuclear matter picture may be somewhat naïve.
Recent LHC results from the 2013 p–Pb run at √sNN = 5.02 TeV will be discussed.
A handling study to assess use of the Respimat(®) Soft Mist™ inhaler in children under 5 years old
(2015)
Background: Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler (SMI) is a hand-held device that generates an aerosol with a high, fine-particle fraction, enabling efficient lung deposition. The study objective was to assess inhalation success among children using Respimat SMI, and the requirement for assistance by the parent/caregiver and/or a valved holding chamber (VHC).
Methods: This open-label study enrolled patients aged <5 years with respiratory disease and history of coughing and/or recurrent wheezing. Patients inhaled from the Respimat SMI (air only; no aerosol) using a stepwise configuration: “1” (dose released by child); “2” (dose released by parent/caregiver), and “3” (Respimat SMI with VHC, facemask, and parent/caregiver help). Co-primary endpoints included the ability to perform successful inhalation as assessed by the investigators using a standardized handling questionnaire and evaluation of the reasons for success. Inhalation profile in the successful handling configuration was verified with a pneumotachograph. Patient satisfaction and preferences were investigated in a questionnaire.
Results: Of the children aged 4 to <5 years (n=27) and 3 to <4 years (n=30), 55.6% and 30.0%, respectively, achieved success without a VHC or help; with assistance, another 29.6% and 10.0%, respectively, achieved success, and the remaining children were successful with VHC. All children aged 2 to <3 years (n=20) achieved success with the Respimat SMI and VHC. Of those aged <2 years (n=22), 95.5% had successful handling of the Respimat SMI with VHC and parent/caregiver help. Inhalation flow profiles generally confirmed the outcome of the handling assessment by the investigators. Most parent/caregiver and/or child respondents were satisfied with operation, instructions for use, handling, and ease of holding the Respimat SMI with or without a VHC.
Conclusions: The Respimat SMI is suitable for children aged <5 years; however, children aged <5 years are advised to add a VHC to complement its use.
Wie verfährt man mit einem kanonisierten Text, auf den die Selbstaussagen des Autors ein schiefes Licht werfen? Wenn dies auf Werke eines Autors zutrifft, dessen Briefwechsel ebenso Teil des Kanons ist, steht der Leser vor einer besonders heiklen Aufgabe. Man fühlt sich dazu aufgerufen, den Text gegenüber jener Instanz in Schutz zu nehmen, welche innerhalb der historischen Hermeneutik das letzte Wort hat: dem von Roland Barthes als Gott identifizierten Autor.
Während Tragödien für gewöhnlich mit der Größe des Helden stehen und fallen, drückt sich Friedrich Schiller betont distanziert über den Titelhelden aus Wallenstein aus: "Er hat nichts Edles, er erscheint in keinem einzelnen LebensAkt [sic] groß, er hat wenig Würde und dergleichen." Doch Schiller schickt sogleich eine Erklärung hinterher, weshalb er das dramatische Projekt trotzdem nicht aufzugeben gedenke. Er plane "auf rein realistischem Wege einen dramatisch großen Character in ihm aufzustellen, der ein ächtes Lebensprincip in sich hat." Ohne Verklärung (wie in der Jungfrau von Orleans) oder idealistische Überformung (wie im Don Carlos) solle Wallenstein groß erscheinen, was umso schwerer fällt, weil nichts für den Protagonisten einnimmt: "Seine Unternehmung ist moralisch schlecht, und sie verunglückt physisch. Er ist im Einzelnen nie groß, und im Ganzen kommt er um seinen Zweck. Er berechnet alles auf die Wirkung, und diese mißlingt." Die Beantwortung der Frage aber, wie es Schiller angestellt hätte, die "bloße Wahrheit" des Charakters für sich sprechen zu lassen, blieb zuletzt der Literaturwissenschaft überlassen, die im Laufe der Zeit ein breites Spektrum an Antwortmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Seit den 1990er Jahren hat sich der Ansatz verfestigt, dass es sich bei solchen Selbstaussagen nicht um Geburtsschmerzen, sondern um das Eingeständnis eines scheiternden Dramatikers handle. Wenn er Goethe gegenüber erwähnt, dass es ihm "fast zu arg [sei], wie der Wallenstein mir anschwillt" und dennoch bei der großzügigen Organisation des Textes bleibt, weckt er Erinnerungen an den Zauberlehrling, der sich eine Aufgabe stellt, der er letztendlich nicht Herr werden kann.
Observations show that, at the beginning of their existence, neutron stars are accelerated briskly to velocities of up to a thousand kilometers per second. We argue that this remarkable effect can be explained as a manifestation of quantum anomalies on astrophysical scales. To theoretically describe the early stage in the life of neutron stars we use hydrodynamics as a systematic effective-field-theory framework. Within this framework, anomalies of the Standard Model of particle physics as underlying microscopic theory imply the presence of a particular set of transport terms, whose form is completely fixed by theoretical consistency. The resulting chiral transport effects in proto-neutron stars enhance neutrino emission along the internal magnetic field, and the recoil can explain the order of magnitude of the observed kick velocities.
Vorwort
(2004)
Die Europäische Union erlies im Jahr 1992 die Fauna-Flora-Habitat-(FFH)Richtlinie, um einen besseren, grenzübergreifenden Schutz gefährdeter Lebensraume, Tier- und Pflanzenarten als Bestandteil des europäischen Naturerbes zu gewährleisten. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wurde das europaweite Netz von Besonderen Schutzgebieten NATURA 2000 für die in Anhang I und Anhang II der FFH-Richtlinie aufgeführten Lebensraumtypen und Arten ausgewiesen. Ebenfalls von gemeinschaftlicher Bedeutung sind die streng zu schützenden Arten des Anhangs IV der FFH-Richtlinie.
Die Ehle entspringt am westlichen Fläminghang und mündet nach ca. 46 km als östlicher Nebenfluss in Höhe von Lostau in die Eibe. Die Quelle befindet sich bei Schweinitz 95 m über NN in einem Erlenbruch; der Mündungsbereich liegt etwa 44 m über NN. Das durchschnittliche Gefälle des Flusses beträgt 0,11 % (oberhalb Rosian ca. 0,3 %; Rosian-Loburg ca. 0,18 %; Unterlauf ca. 0,07 %). Unterhalb von Gommern (bei Vogelsang) wird die Ehle durch den Ehlekanal in den sogenannten Elbumflutkanal umgeleitet und fließt als Umflutehle durch zahlreiche Altwässer und ausgedehnte seenartige Abschnitte der Eibe zu. Der alte Ehleverlauf zwischen Vogelsang und Heyrothsberge ist nunmehr nur noch ein ichthyofaunistisch wertloser Wiesengraben. Der häufig gebrauchte Begriff "Umflutkanal" für den Abschnitt der Umflutehle ist irreführend. Bei normaler Wasserführung wechseln breite, stehende Gewässerteile mit schmalen und fließenden, niederungsbachähnlichen Gewässerstrecken ab. Nur in extremen Hochwasserzeiten dient dieser Ehleabschnitt der Umleitung eines Teiles des Elbewassers um die Landeshauptstadt Magdeburg herum.
Fische und Rundmäuler
(1995)
Neben der Havel, ihren Altarmen und Altwässern sind auch zahlreiche Meliorationsgräben, Fließe sowie austrocknungsgefährdete kleine Standgewässer für die Fischfauna im beschriebenen Gebiet von Bedeutung. Alle Fließgewässer im Gebiet der unteren Havel sind durchgehend begradigt und weisen die bekannten Nachteile von Flurbereinigungs- und Entwässerungsmaßnahmen auf. Die Hauptvorfluter sind zur Wasserhaltung mit Schöpfwerken und Staueinrichtungen versehen, die die Passierbarkeit für Wassertiere einschränken. Die Havel selbst weist als Bundeswasserstraße durch Uferbefestigungen und Ausbauten nur wenige ichthyologisch wertvolle Strukturen auf. Allen Gewässern gemeinsam ist eine starke Anreicherung mit Pflanzennährstoffen und damit ein hoher Trophiegrad.
Die Biologische Versuchsanstalt in Wien organisierte während der Monate Dezember 1903 und Jänner 1904 eine Reise durch Aegypten und den englisch-ägyptischen Sudan, und zwar zu dem Zwecke, lebendes Untersuchungsmaterial aus der Pflanzen- und Tierwelt jener Länder mit nach Europa zu bringen.
Insbesondere galt es. solche Arten kleinerer Lebewesen aufzufinden, welche sich in irgend einer Beziehung zu Versuchen auf dem Gebiete der experimentellen Morphologie (der Lehre yon den die Formbildung der Organismen verursachenden und beeinflussenden Faktoren) eignen. In dem Bestreben, das gesammelte Material lebend heimzubringen, bestand das Neue dieser Expedition im Vergleiche zu anderen wissenschaftlichen Sammelreisen, welche ihr Hauptaugenmerk auf konserviertes Material zu richten pflegen.
Sollten nun die Transporte und später die Versuche an den mitgebrachten Pflanzen und Tieren gelingen, so stellte sich als erstes Erfordernis die Wahl solcher Pflanzen und Tiere heraus welche bei Veränderungen der äusseren Lebensbedingungen über eine gewisse Widerstandskraft verfügen und daher vor allem auch.die Gefangenhaltung gut ertragen.
Die Teilnehmer der Reise waren: LEOPOLD RITTER v. PORTHEIM als Botaniker, Dr. HANS PRZIBRAM und der Verfasser vorliegender Reiseschilderung als Zoologen, sowie Dr. GUlDO BUNZEL als Jagdfreund und Amateurphotograph.