Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1108)
- Book (639)
- Part of a Book (421)
- Part of Periodical (133)
- Report (94)
- Preprint (82)
- Conference Proceeding (71)
- Other (59)
- Review (57)
- Working Paper (46)
Language
Keywords
- Mosambik (121)
- Mozambique (121)
- Moçambique (120)
- Rezension (87)
- Bibel (66)
- Christentum (63)
- bible (63)
- christianity (63)
- Literatur (57)
- Aufsatzsammlung (54)
Institute
- Extern (2742) (remove)
Jede neue Bienenkolonie, die sich von dem alten Stocke trennt, heißt ein Schwarm und dieser sucht sich alsbald zu seinen neuen Arbeiern eine Wohnung, und findet sie, wenn Menschen sie ihm nicht darbieten, in hohlen Bäumen, Gebäudespalten und Steinhöhlen, worin sie ohne alle menschliche Hilfe wild leben. ...
Unter den zahlreichen einheimischen Arten der Nagetiere sind die Bilche oder Schläfer am wenigsten bekannt. Das liegt an ihrer heimlichen, vorwiegend in der Dämmerung und bei Nacht aktiven Lebensweise, sowie ihrer lückenhaften Verbreitung. Von den vier europäischen Schläfern kommen bei uns im Kreis nur zwei, nämlich Siebenschläfer und Haselmaus, vor.
Es gehört zu den bleibenden Leistungen der "Kinder- und Hausmärchen", daß sie die fiktionalisierte Moralförmigkeit älterer Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in eine poetisierende Märchenförmigkeit überführen - auf diesem Wege das kollektive Imaginäre ihrer Epoche als Ermöglichungsgrund jeglichen Bilderbewußtseins neu besetzend und umformulierend. Anders gesagt: die "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" öffnen – wiewohl sie sich nicht allein für die intentionale Kinderliteratur reklamieren lassen - deren Bereich nachdrücklich der Geltung der sog. “Ästhetik-Konvention”, die sich im Literatursystem um 1800 allgemein durchgesetzt hat. Sie bewirken damit eine folgenreiche Lockerung der für die Kinderliteratur immer noch verbindlichen Pädagogik-Konvention.
"Sprachgitter" ist eines der Gedichte Paul Celans, das in der Philologie der letzten fünfzig Jahre am extensivsten diskutiert, kommentiert und interpretiert wurde. Dabei wurde immer wieder darauf hingewiesen, dass das Wort 'Sprachgitter' (wie auch das Gedicht dieses Titels) für Celan eine wesentliche poetologische Dimension habe […]. Celan räumt […] ein, dass der Titel "zweifellos ambi-; ja polyvalent" sei und außerdem "etwas verdammt 'Poetisches'" habe […]. "Ich sage mir aber gleichzeitig, daß mir in 'Sprachgitter' auch das Existenzielle, die Schwierigkeit alles (Zueinander-)Sprechens und zugleich dessen Struktur mitspricht (vgl. 'Raumgitter'), damit ist das zunächst amphibisch anmutende wieder zurück gedrängt". Die Doppelbödigkeit dieses Satzes betont die Radikalisierung des Begriffs von Sprache, der mit dem Wort 'Sprachgitter' verbunden ist; so lässt sich der Satz zum einen in drei konsekutiven Elementen konstruieren, zum anderen aber kann "die Schwierigkeit alles (Zueinander-) Sprechens" als Umschreibung für "das Existenzielle" schlechthin gedeutet werden, womit dieses 'Existenzielle' nicht allein als sprachlich verfasstes charakterisiert, sondern zugleich wesentlich mit dem Problem der Begegnung, der Trennung und der Grenze zusammengedacht wäre. An dieser poetologischen Bemerkung wird zudem deutlich, dass sie nicht allein nach einer 'literarischen Form' – dem 'Gedicht' – fragt noch lediglich nach dem 'Einzelfall' eines Gedichts mit dem Titel "Sprachgitter", sondern sich – ausgehend vom Gedicht – auch der Frage nach der Sprache überhaupt zuwendet.
Since the late 1950's Paul Celan has been deeply interested in scientific questions in regard to history and society as well as in the terminology of scientific language. Therefore, since the publication of “Sprachgitter” up to “Schneepart”, many of his poems include terms out of texts that deal with topics as different as geology, biology, astronomy, nuclear physics, and medicine. This essay addresses the problem of this form of adaptation by a close reading of Celan's poem »In der Blasenkammer« (published in 1970). Celan's poems turn against any notion of ›communicative functionality‹ of language; especially the languages of the sciences are here a prominent challenge because of their claim to be semantically objective. So the mentioned adaptation is a serious problem indeed, because the turning of scientific terms into words of poetry does not imply that these terms are simply transferred from one determined semantic context into another. It is rather the question of semantics itself that is at stake. So it has to be stressed that Celan does neither intend to equip scientific terms with ›poetical connotations‹ nor does he turn them into simple metaphors nor poetic or metapoetic concepts. His poems rather deal with the dispensation of semantics and metaphoricity – the language of these poems is a language of abundance and privation at the same time.
The two papers included in this volume have developed from work with the CHILDES tools and the Media Editor in the two research projects, "Second language acquisition of German by Russian learners", sponsored by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, from 1998 to 1999 (directed by Ursula Stephany, University of Cologne, and Wolfgang Klein, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen) and "The age factor in the acquisition of German as a second language", sponsored by the German Science Foundation (DFG), Bonn, since 2000 (directed by Ursula Stephany, University of Cologne, and Christine Dimroth, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen). The CHILDES Project has been developed and is being continuously improved at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, under the supervision of Brian MacWhinney. Having used the CHILDES tools for more than ten years for transcribing and analyzing Greek child data there it was no question that I would also use them for research into the acquisition of German as a second language and analyze the big amount of spontaneous speech gathered from two Russian girls with the help of the CLAN programs. When in the spring of 1997, Steven Gillis from the University of Antwerp (in collaboration with Gert Durieux) developed a lexicon-based automatic coding system based on the CLAN program MOR and suitable for coding languages with richer morphologies than English, such as Modern Greek. Coding huge amounts of data then became much quicker and more comfortable so that I decided to adopt this system for German as well. The paper "Working with the CHILDES Tools" is based on two earlier manuscripts which have grown out of my research on Greek child language and the many CHILDES workshops taught in Germany, Greece, Portugal, and Brazil over the years. Its contents have now been adapted to the requirements of research into the acquisition of German as a second language and for use on Windows.
Children […] growing up with highly inflected languages such as Modern Greek will frequently hear different grammatical forms of a given lexeme used in different grammatical and semantic-pragmatic contexts. In spite of the fact that the Greek noun is not as highly inflected as the verb, acquisition of nominal inflection of this inflecting-fusional language is quite complex, comprising the three categories of case, number, and gender. As is usual in this type of language, the formation of case-number forms obeys different patterns that apply to largely arbitrary classes of nominal lexemes partially based on gender. Further, frequency of the occurrence of the three gender classes and case-number forms of nouns greatly differs in spoken Greek, regarding both the types and tokens. […] [A] child learning an inflecting-fusional language like Greek must construct different inflectional patterns depending not only on parts of speech but also on subclasses within a given part of speech, such as gender classes of nouns and inflectional classes within or (exceptionally) across genders. It is therefore to be expected that the early development of case and number distinctions will apply to specific nouns and subclasses of nouns rather than the totality of Greek nouns. The two main theoretical approaches of morphological development that will be discussed in the present paper are the usage-based approach and the pre- and protomorphology approach.
The early acquisition of Greek compounds by two monolingual Greek girls aged between 1;8 and 3;0 years is studied in a usage-based theoretical framework. Special importance is attached to the morphological structure of Greek compound types occurring in child speech and child-directed speech. Greek nominal compound formation does not consist in the mere juxtaposition of words or roots, but involves stems as well as a compound marker. Major questions addressed are the transparency of compounds and productive nominal compound formation. Evidence for productivity of nominal compound formation has been found with only one of the two girls. In contrast to other languages, neoclassical nominal compounds by far exceed endocentric subordinative ones tokenwise in Greek child speech and child-directed speech providing evidence of entrenchment rather than productivity.
In a cross-linguistic comparison it is shown that, in spite of the fact that both Standard Modern Greek and German are rich in nominal compounds, their number is much more limited in Greek than in German child speech. An explanation for this apparent paradox is provided by an onomasiological approach to lexical typology based on a sample list of nominal compounds occurring in German child language and their Greek translational equivalents. It has been found that while use of nominal compounds is common in colloquial German including child-centered situations, it is more typical of Greek formal than colloquial registers.