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The wide-area deployment of WiFi hot spots challenges IP access providers. While new profit models are sought after by them, profitability as well as logistics for large-scale deployment of 802.11 wireless technology are still to be proven. Expenditure for hardware, locations, maintenance, connectivity, marketing, billing and customer care must be considered. Even for large carriers with infrastructure, the deployment of a large-scale WiFi infrastructure may be risky. This paper proposes a multi-level scheme for hot spot distribution and customer acquisition that reduces financial risk, cost of marketing and cost of maintenance for the large-scale deployment of WiFi hot spots.
This paper shows that abnormal stock price returns around open market repurchase announcements are about four times higher in Germany than in the US (12% versus 3%). We hypothesize that this observation can be explained by country differences in repurchase regulation. Our empirical evidence indicates that German managers primarily buy back shares to signal an undervaluation of their firm. We demonstrate that the stringent repurchase process prescribed by German law attributes a higher credibility to such a signal than lax US regulations and thereby corroborate our hypothesis.