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Institute
- Physik (64) (remove)
We perform a detailed study of the adjoint static potential in the pseudoparticle approach, which is a model for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We find agreement with the Casimir scaling hypothesis and there is clear evidence for string breaking. At the same time the potential in the fundamental representation is linear for large separations. Our results are in qualitative agreement with results from lattice computations.
We present the status of runs performed in the twisted mass formalism with Nf =2+1+1 flavours of dynamical fermions: a degenerate light doublet and a mass split heavy doublet. The procedure for tuning to maximal twist will be described as well as the current status of the runs using both thin and stout links. Preliminary results for a few observables obtained on ensembles at maximal twist will be given. Finally, a reweighting procedure to tune to maximal twist will be described.
We investigate the implications of the r-modes instability on the composition of a compact star rotating at a sub-millisecond period. In particular, the only viable astrophysical scenario for such an object, wich might present inside the Low Mass X-ray Binary associated with the x-ray transient XTE J1739-285, is that it has a strangeness content. Since previous analysis indicate that hyperonic stars or stars containing a kaon condensate are unlikely because of the mass-shedding constraint, the only remaining possibility is that such an object is either a strange quark star or a hybrid quark-hadron star.
The possible role of a first order QCD phase transition at nonvanishing quark chemical potential and temperature for cold neutron stars and for supernovae is delineated. For cold neutron stars, we use the NJL model with nonvanishing color superconducting pairing gaps, which describes the phase transition to the 2SC and the CFL quark matter phases at high baryon densities. We demonstrate that these two phase transitions can both be present in the core of neutron stars and that they lead to the appearance of a third family of solution for compact stars. In particular, a core of CFL quark matter can be present in stable compact star configurations when slightly adjusting the vacuum pressure to the onset of the chiral phase transition from the hadronic model to the NJL model. We show that a strong first order phase transition can have strong impact on the dynamics of core collapse supernovae. If the QCD phase transition sets in shortly after the first bounce, a second outgoing shock wave can be generated which leads to an explosion. The presence of the QCD phase transition can be read off from the neutrino and antineutrino signal of the supernova.
P-type ATPases are membrane proteins acting as ion pumps that drive an active transport of cations across the membrane against a concentration gradient. The required energy for the ion transport is provided by binding and hydrolysis of ATP. A reaction mechanism of ion transport and energy transduction is assumed to be common for all P-type ATPases and generally described by the Post-Albers cycle. Transient currents and charge translocation of P-type ATPases were extensively investigated by electrical measurements that apply voltage jumps to initiate the reaction cycle. In this study, we simulate an applied voltage across the membrane by an electric field and perform electrostatic calculations in order to verify the experimentally-driven hypothesis that the energy transduction mechanism is regulated by specific structural elements. Side chain conformational and ionization changes induced by the electric field are evaluated for each transmembrane helix and the selectivity in response is qualitatively analyzed for the Ca2+-ATPase as well as for structural models of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Helix M5 responds with more conformer changes as compared to the other transmembrane helices what is even more emphasized when the stalk region is included. Thus our simulations support experimental results and indicate a crucial role for the highly conserved transmembrane helix M5 in the energy transduction mechanism of P-type ATPases.
Das HADES-Experiment (High Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer) am SIS der GSI wurde zur Messung der e+e−-Paare dileptonischer Zerfälle der leichten Vektormesonen im Energiebereich von 1 − 2 AGeV entwickelt. Eine der Hauptanforderungen an das Spurverfolgungssystem des Spektrometers ist eine Ortsauflösung von 100 μm, die benötigt wird, um die geforderte Massenauflösung von 1 % im Bereich der !-Masse zu erzielen. Das Spurverfolgungssystem besteht aus vier Ebenen mit Vieldrahtdriftkammern (Multi-wire Drift Chambers (MDCs)) niedriger Massenbelegung (low-mass), die aus je 6 Auslesedrahtebenen bestehen. Die primäre Messgröße von Driftkammern ist die Driftzeit der entlang einer Teilchenspur generierten Elektronen der Primärionisation zum Auslesedraht. Um die gemessene Driftzeit in eine Ortskoordinate umrechnen zu können, ist eine genaue Kenntnis der Ort-Zeit-Korrelation der Driftzellen und eine präzise Kalibrierung der gemessenen Zeiten nötig. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Kalibrierungsparameter der Driftzeiten mittels der Einkoppelung eines externen elektrischen Pulses auf die Drahtebenen der Driftkammern entwickelt und mit der herkömmlichen Methode der Kalibrierung verglichen. Zur Kalibrierung wurden elektrische Pulse durch die Hochspannungsverteilung der Driftkammern auf die Potentialdrahtebenen geleitet und somit Signale auf die Signaldrähte induziert. Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Signale auf den Drähten, die zur Berücksichtigung der Laufzeiten benötigt wird, wurde experimentell bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit der Methode zur Bestimmung der Kalibrierungsparameter übertrifft die Auflösung der Driftzeitmessung der Driftkammern. Die Kalibrierung der Driftzeiten benötigt nur wenig Rechen- und Zeitaufwand und stellt die Kalibrierungsparameter in gleich hoher Präzision für alle Driftzellen zur Verfügung. Die Qualität der Kalibrierung wird im Gegensatz zur herkömmlichen Methode prinzipbedingt nicht durch Fluktuationen der Startzeit des jeweiligen Stoßereignisses und die Flugzeit der dabei emittierten Teilchen zu den Driftzellen, sowie des elektronischen Rauschens beeinflusst. Die Qualität der Kalibrierung konnte gegenüber der herkömmlichen Methode signifikant verbessert werden. Die Auswirkung der Kalibrierungsparameter auf die Spurrekonstruktion wurde untersucht und für die beiden Kalibrierungsmethoden verglichen. Die Ergebnisse lassen keinen eindeutigen Schluss auf die Auswirkung der Fehler in der Kalibrierung auf die Qualität der Spurrekonstruktion zu, da die Ergebnisse der Spurrekonstruktion von anderen Effekten dominiert werden.
The influence of visual tasks on short and long-term memory for visual features was investigated using a change-detection paradigm. Subjects completed 2 tasks: (a) describing objects in natural images, reporting a specific property of each object when a crosshair appeared above it, and (b) viewing a modified version of each scene, and detecting which of the previously described objects had changed. When tested over short delays (seconds), no task effects were found. Over longer delays (minutes) we found the describing task influenced what types of changes were detected in a variety of explicit and incidental memory experiments. Furthermore, we found surprisingly high performance in the incidental memory experiment, suggesting that simple tasks are sufficient to instill long-lasting visual memories. Keywords: visual working memory, natural scenes, natural tasks, change detection