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Background: Many cancer patients seek homeopathy as a complementary therapy. It has rarely been studied systematically, whether homeopathic care is of benefit for cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study with cancer patients in two differently treated cohorts: one cohort with patients under complementary homeopathic treatment (HG; n=259), and one cohort with conventionally treated cancer patients (CG; n=380). For a direct comparison, matched pairs with patients of the same tumour entity and comparable prognosis were to be formed. Main outcome parameter: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after 3 months. Secondary outcome parameters: change of quality of life (FACT-G, FACIT-Sp) after a year, as well as impairment by fatigue (MFI) and by anxiety and depression (HADS). Results: HG: FACT-G, or FACIT-Sp, respectively improved statistically significantly in the first three months, from 75.6 (SD 14.6) to 81.1 (SD 16.9), or from 32.1 (SD 8.2) to 34.9 (SD 8.32), respectively. After 12 months, a further increase to 84.1 (SD 15.5) or 35.2 (SD 8.6) was found. Fatigue (MFI) decreased; anxiety and depression (HADS) did not change. CG: FACT-G remained constant in the first three months: 75.3 (SD 17.3) at t0, and 76.6 (SD 16.6) at t1. After 12 months, there was a slight increase to 78.9 (SD 18.1). FACIT-Sp scores improved significantly from t0 (31.0 - SD 8.9) to t1 (32.1 - SD 8.9) and declined again after a year (31.6 - SD 9.4). For fatigue, anxiety, and depression, no relevant changes were found. 120 patients of HG and 206 patients of CG met our criteria for matched-pairs selection. Due to large differences between the two patient populations, however, only 11 matched pairs could be formed. This is not sufficient for a comparative study. Conclusion: In our prospective study, we observed an improvement of quality of life as well as a tendency of fatigue symptoms to decrease in cancer patients under complementary homeopathic treatment. It would take considerably larger samples to find matched pairs suitable for comparison in order to establish a definite causal relation between these effects and homeopathic treatment.
Mohammeds Frage : Versuche zur theologischen Differenzierung von Vergeltung und Vergebung im Islam
(2011)
Martin Luther und der Islam
(2011)
HDL, through sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), exerts direct cardioprotective effects on ischemic myocardium. It remains unclear whether other HDL-associated sphingophospholipids have similar effects. We therefore examined if HDL-associated sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) reduces infarct size in a mouse model of transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Intravenously administered SPC dose-dependently reduced infarct size after 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion compared to controls. Infarct size was also reduced by postischemic, therapeutical administration of SPC. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment to the infarcted area after SPC treatment, and apoptosis was attenuated as measured by TUNEL. In vitro, SPC inhibited leukocyte adhesion to TNFα-activated endothelial cells and protected rat neonatal cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. S1P3 was identified as the lysophospholipid receptor mediating the cardioprotection by SPC, since its effect was completely absent in S1P3-deficient mice. We conclude that HDL-associated SPC directly protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in vivo via the S1P3 receptor.
Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde die spätpleistozäne und holozäne Landschaftsentwicklung im Umfeld der im Tal des Wadis Chuera in Nordsyrien liegenden bronzezeitlichen Siedlung Tell Chuera untersucht. Durch die Kombination von hochgenauen Vermessungen, Satellitenbildauswertungen und Untersuchungen der Wadisedimente konnten mehrere flussgeschichtliche Entwicklungsphasen erarbeitet und in einen chronostratigraphischen Rahmen eingeordnet werden. Über ein grobsandig-kiesiges System eines verzweigten Flusses wurden mindestens bis ins Obere Pleistozän mächtige Kieslagen im Untersuchungsgebiet sedimentiert. Innerhalb einer fossilen Rinne abgelagerte lössähnliche Sedimente, welche die Kiesfolgen partiell überlagern, konnten relativchronologisch ins Obere Pleistozän gestellt werden und dokumentieren vermutlich eine trockene Phase. Durch die mit scharfer Diskordanz über den Kiesen abgelagerten pelitischen Hochflutsedimente wird ein abrupter flussdynamischer Umbruch von dem eines ursprünglich verzweigten Flusses zu dem eines mäandrierenden Flusses mit Hochflutsedimentation nachgewiesen. IRSL-Datierungen stellen den Beginn der Ablagerung der Hochflutsedimente ins letzte Glazial. Der größte Teil der Sedimente wurde jedoch im frühen und mittleren Holozän (ca. 9 und 5 kaBP) abgelagert, so dass zu Beginn der Hauptsiedlungsphase am Tell Chuera (3. Jahrtausend v.Chr.) die Oberfläche der Überschwemmungsebene ihr heutiges Niveau nahezu erreicht hatte. Bis dahin führten großflächige Überschwemmungen zur Hochflutsedimentation in der Aue. Ein erneuter Wechsel der fluvialen Geomorphodynamik und der Sedimentationsverhältnisse zeigt sich darin, dass die letzten ca. 5000 Jahre keine nennenswerte Sedimentation in der Hochflutebene zu verzeichnen war. Es kam zu einer bis heute stattfindenden, lateralen Verlagerung der Mäander des Wadis und damit der Aufarbeitung von Teilen der Kiese und Hochflutsedimente. Siedlungsspuren im Wadiverlauf weisen auf eine Periodizität des Abflusses des Wadis Chuera zwischen etwa 4.7 und 4.2 kaBP hin. Die Theorie einer verstärkten Akkumulation von Kolluvien der Rahmenhöhen im Wadital als direkte Folge eines steigenden Siedlungsdrucks während der Hauptsiedlungsphase konnte widerlegt werden. Vielmehr handelt es sich bei den vermeintlichen Kolluvien um fluvial aufgearbeitete Hochflutsedimente. Anthropogene Eingriffe in den Landschaftshaushalt lassen sich in Form von Kalkkrustensteinbrüchen und einem komplexen Wegenetz nachweisen.
In total, this dissertation comprises three research papers. Objective of all of these papers are to detect mistakes of private investors when conducting mutual funds investments and to analyze the implications. Moreover, the question is addressed whether financial advisors help private investors to avoid these investment mistakes. All three research papers use the same data base which has been provided by a German online brokerage house. The detailed data set allows contributing to existing literature on mutual fund investments, smart decision making, household finance as well as financial advice on an investor- and transaction-specific level. The first paper addresses the question which particular decision criteria private investors use when purchasing mutual funds. It can be shown that funds volume is the dominating decision criterion, whereas historical performance is only of minor importance. As performance persistence exists in the underlying data set, it can be concluded that the majority of investors make investment mistakes. In the second paper it is shown that smart investors, i.e. investors who purchase mutual funds by chasing historical performance, are older, wealthier, more experienced and less likely to be overconfident. In addition, it can be verified that there exists a positive impact of the ability to select mutual funds by chasing historical performance on the overall investment success. Hence, the quality of mutual fund selection ability is an ex-ante measure for investment success. Finally, the third paper analyzes the influence of financial advice on mutual fund decision making of private investments. Evidence can be provided that financial advisors do not help their customers to purchase mutual funds by chasing historical performance. In fact, advisors recommend high-volume mutual funds from well-known fund families. Apparently, financial advisors are much more salesmen than real advisors. These results hold when controlling for potential endogeneity issues.
Der Granatapfel ist bei uns zur Weihnachtszeit mittlerweile regelmäßig an Obstständen zu finden. Trotzdem gehört er für Mitteleuropäer noch immer zu den exotischen Früchten und oft weiß man nicht so recht, was man mit ihm anfangen soll. Ganz anders im Mittelmeergebiet. Hier wird der Granatapfel einerseits als Obstbaum, andererseits wegen seiner prachtvollen leuchtend roten Blüten häufig gepflanzt. Ihn umgibt eine Fülle von Symbolik und mythologischen Geschichten von der Antike bis ins Mittelalter.
Forgotten features of head zones and their relation to diagnostically relevant acupuncture points
(2011)
In the 1890s Sir Henry Head discovered certain areas of the skin that develop tenderness (allodynia) in the course of visceral disease. These areas were later termed ‘Head zones’. In addition, he also emphasized the existence of specific points within these zones, that he called ‘maximum points’, a finding that seems to be almost forgotten today. We hypothesized that two important groups of acupuncture points, the diagnostically relevant Mu and Shu points, spatially and functionally coincide with these maximum points to a large extent. A comparison of Head's papers with the Huang Di Neijing (Yellow Thearch's Inner Classic) and the Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), two of the oldest still extant Chinese sources on acupuncture, revealed astonishing parallels between the two concepts regarding both point locations and functional aspects. These findings suggest that the Chinese discovery of viscerocutaneous reflexes preceded the discovery in the West by more than 2000 years. Furthermore, the fact that Chinese medicine uses Mu and Shu points not only diagnostically but also therapeutically may give us new insights into the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture.