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Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae,
Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae)
(2014)
One genus and five species are recorded as new to Britain: Fidiobia, Fidiobia hispanica, Macroteleia bicolora (Platygastridae); Sycophila binotata (Eurytomidae); Schizoprymnus collaris (Braconidae); and Laelius pedatus (Bethylidae). Keys to British Macroteleia and Laelius are provided.
Provisional synonymy is proposed between Macroteleia minor and M. brevigaster, and synonymy is proposed between Laelius femoralis, L. microneurus and L. nigricrus. The possible mode of introduction of Sycophila binotata is discussed. A lectotype is designated for Schizoprymnus collaris.
Thought to be monotypic for decades, the only species in the goosefish genus Lophiomus Gill, Lm. setigerus (Vahl), shows a wide range of morphological variation and is distributed widely in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP). In this study, datasets for two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes sequences obtained from samples of Lophiomus collected in different localities across the IWP were constructed and analyzed to explore the phylogeny and species diversity within the genus. Our integrated approach with multiline evidence unveiled an unanticipated richness of at least six delimited species of Lophiomus. Herein, based on materials already available from museums and new specimens obtained primarily through the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos program surveying IWP benthic fauna, we formally describe three new species: Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., and Lm. carusoi sp. nov. Also, we resurrect Lm. laticeps stat. rev. from synonyms of Lm. setigerus. These species can be diagnosed by genetics, body coloration, patterns on the floor of the mouth, peritoneum pigmentation, morphometric measurements, and meristic counts of cranial spines, dorsal-fin spines, and pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin rays from each other and from Lm. setigerus. The species Lm. setigerus, as well as the genus Lophiomus, are re-described accordingly based on the new results. Amended identification keys to the four extant lophiid genera and to species of Lophiomus are also provided.
Correlative microscopy incorporates the specificity of fluorescent protein labeling into high-resolution electron micrographs. Several approaches exist for correlative microscopy, most of which have used the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the label for light microscopy. Here we use chemical tagging and synthetic fluorophores instead, in order to achieve protein-specific labeling, and to perform multicolor imaging. We show that synthetic fluorophores preserve their post-embedding fluorescence in the presence of uranyl acetate. Post-embedding fluorescence is of such quality that the specimen can be prepared with identical protocols for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM); this is particularly valuable when singular or otherwise difficult samples are examined. We show that synthetic fluorophores give bright, well-resolved signals in super-resolution light microscopy, enabling us to superimpose light microscopic images with a precision of up to 25 nm in the x-y plane on electron micrographs. To exemplify the preservation quality of our new method we visualize the molecular arrangement of cadherins in adherens junctions of mouse epithelial cells.
Abseits : Nachwort
(2014)
In der Einleitung wurde bereits dargelegt, dass und warum es nicht einfach ist, philosophischer und anderer Kehrseiten so habhaft zu werden, dass sie Kehrseiten bleiben. Wendet man sich einer Kehrseite zu, erscheint das vormals Abgekehrte zugewandt. Aus der verdeckten Kehrseite ist eine Ansichtsseite geworden, die ihrerseits eine neue, abgewandte Kehrseite haben wird und haben muss. Was Luhmanns Systemtheorie 'Zwei-Seiten-Form' nennt, bei der sich jede Unterscheidung aus einer markierten Innen- und einer nicht markierten Außenseite zusammensetzt, wird für den, der sich für Kehrseiten interessiert, schnell zum Dilemma
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare haematopoietic malignancy characterized by dismal prognosis and overall poor therapeutic response. Since the biology of BPDCN is barely understood, our study aims to shed light on the genetic make-up of these highly malignant tumors. Using targeted high-coverage massive parallel sequencing, we investigated 50 common cancer genes in 33 BPDCN samples. We detected point mutations in NRAS (27.3% of cases), ATM (21.2%), MET, KRAS, IDH2, KIT (9.1% each), APC and RB1 (6.1% each), as well as in VHL, BRAF, MLH1, TP53 and RET (3% each). Moreover, NRAS, KRAS and ATM mutations were found to be mutually exclusive and we observed recurrent mutations in NRAS, IDH2, APC and ATM. CDKN2A deletions were detected in 27.3% of the cases followed by deletions of RB1 (9.1%), PTEN and TP53 (3% each). The mutual exclusive distribution of some mutations may point to different subgroups of BPDCN whose biological significance remains to be explored.
Ein milder Winter hat dazu geführt, dass recht früh Blütezeit und Pollenflug eingesetzt haben. Auch einige heimische Insekten haben sich stärker vermehrt. Doch wie sieht es aus mit neuen „Plagegeistern“ wie exotischen Stechmücken oder eingewanderten Pflanzen wie der Beifußambrosie? Welche Gefahren lauern, was kann man gegen ein weiteres Vordringen invasiver Arten tun? Die Experten vom LOEWE Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum BiK-F, Prof. Sven Klimpel und Dr. Oliver Tackenberg, geben Auskunft.
The knowledge of phenotypic variation in the European range of the highly allergenic Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) is not entirely complete, even though it is an invasive species of utmost concern. We hypothesized the prevalence of phenotypic differentiations between common ragweed populations in the introduced range, and we assumed that those differentiations were related to environmental conditions at the points of origin. Using a common garden experiment, we investigated biomass allocation, growth rates, and flowering phenology of 38 European common ragweed populations originating from a major geographical gradient. We observed considerable phenotypic variation in growth parameters and flowering phenology, e.g. mean aboveground biomass varied from 23.3 to 47.3 g between the populations. We were able to relate most measured traits with environmental parameters prevailing at the points of origin. For example, early growth of ruderal populations was highly correlated with temperature and precipitation at the point of origin. Late growth and flowering phenology were highly correlated with latitude, i.e. individuals from northern populations grew smaller and flowered and dispersed their pollen and seeds up to 5 weeks earlier than individuals from southern populations. We also found a longitudinal gradient in flowering phenology which has not yet been described. The existence of such a high variability in the introduced range may facilitate further range expansion. We suggest that the correlation with environmental variables rests upon genetic variation possibly due to adaptations to the respective environment. To clarify if such adaptation results from multiple events of introduction or as evolutionary response after introduction, genetic investigations are needed.
The Sahel has been the focus of scientific interest in environmental-human dynamics and interactions. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the recent debate on the re-greening of Sahel. The paper examines the dynamics of barren land in the Sahel of Burkina Faso through analysis of remotely-sensed and rainfall data from 1975–2011. Discussions with farmers and land management staff have helped to understand the anthropogenic efforts toward soil restoration to enable the subsistence farming agriculture. Results showed that area of barren land has been fluctuating during the study period with approximately 10-year cyclicity. Similarly, rainfall, both at national and local levels has followed the same trends. The trends of the area of barren land and rainfall variability suggest that when rainfall increases, the area of barren land decreases and barren land increases when rainfall decreases. This implies that rainfall is one of the main factors driving the change in area of barren land. In addition, humans have contributed positively and negatively to the change by restoring barren lands for agriculture using locally known techniques and by accelerating land degradation through intensive and inappropriate land use practices.
Speolepta leptogaster (Winnertz, 1863) is frequently occurring in European subterranean environments. As for most cave animals, studies addressing non-anatomical aspects are sparse. Here we present the first molecular study on S. leptogaster. We investigated the demographic structure (i.e. COI locus) of 69 specimens from 36 underground populations in Hesse (Central German Uplands) to get first insights into the species’ dispersal ability.
In total, 14 haplotypes were revealed. Haplotype diversity was relatively high, whereas nucleotide diversity was low. Furthermore, a significant but low pattern of isolation-by-distance and (a) past population expansion event(s) were detected.
Our genetic results suggest a (good) active dispersal ability for Speolepta leptogaster. The occurrence of several surface records of adult specimens corroborates this hypothesis. We discuss the developmental stages of S. leptogaster in the context of the ecological classification system and regard the species as a eutroglophile. Evidence has been found to distinguish two larval types. A reconstructed life-cycle of the species is provided.
In der Diskussion zwischen verschiedenen Spielarten der Diskursanalyse und den Gouvernementalitätsstudien haben Vertreter beider Seiten das Dispositiv als vermittelnden Begriff vorgeschlagen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Frage »Was ist ein Dispositiv?« neu gestellt. Durch eine Relektüre von Foucaults Texten wird ein Debattenbeitrag zum Dispositivkonzept entworfen, welcher der Verwässerung einerseits und andererseits einer methodischen Schließung durch Operationalisierung des Dispositivkonzepts entgehen soll. Als Destillat dieser Rekonstruktion werden sechs Kernelemente für eine dispositivanalytische Forschungsperspektive vorgeschlagen. Der anschließende Teil bringt Foucaults Analysen mit Bruno Latours Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) ins Gespräch, um potentielle Leerstellen in der Dispositivanalyse zu schließen. Diese betreffen vor allem die Bereiche »Natur«, »Technik« und »Medien«. Neben Latours Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie wird im letzten Teil Karen Barads Agentieller Realismus für die Dispositivanalyse produktiv gemacht und in das Konzept eingearbeitet.
This study included 30 patients with diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 30 test subjects without RA (control group). The objective of the study was to examine both groups for the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and morphological changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). All individuals were examined using a systematic detailed clinical TMD examination as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical TMD examination yielded significant differences between the RA patients and the control group concerning crepitus of the TMJ, and palpation tenderness of the masticatory muscles as well as the unassisted mandibular opening. The evaluation of the MRI images for the RA group showed significantly more frequent deformations of the condyle, osteophyte formations and erosions in the condylar compacta, and degenerative changes in the spongiosa. Increased intra-articular accumulation of synovial liquid and signs of inflammatory changes of the spongiosa were only found in the RA group. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between crepitus and specific osteoarthrotic changes (MRI), respectively, and between crepitus and a complete anterior disk displacement without reduction (MRI). The duration of the RA disease correlated neither with the anamnestic and clinical dysfunction index by Helkimo nor with RA-specific MRI findings.
Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Frage, welches Glück im Film zur Darstellung kommt. Denn Glück ist kontingent – so, wie wir es erleben, kann es, muss es aber nicht sein. Gegenstand ist nicht ein potentielles Glückserleben der Zuschauer_innen im Zuge der Rezeption eines Filmes, sondern der Wissenskomplex zu Glück, den Filme aktivieren und prägen.
Wenn gilt, dass Glück nicht nur ein legitimer Anspruch des Individuums ist, sondern auch ein in den Massenmedien erzeugtes Konstrukt, dann ist genau dieses Wissen zu Glücksvorstellungen, das nicht zuletzt durch Filme und das, was sie über das Glück erzählen, Verbreitung findet, zu untersuchen. Zu fragen ist demgemäß, welche Vorstellungen von Glück gezeigt, infrage gestellt, abgelehnt, perpetuiert oder sanktioniert werden. In der Analyse wird so ein Glückskonzept fassbar, das mehr offenlegt als nur das Gefühl des Glücklichseins.
Die fünf hier ausgewählten Spielfilme – DIE FETTEN JAHRE SIND VORBEI, SILBERHOCHZEIT, KEINOHRHASEN, KIRSCHBLÜTEN – HANAMI, VINCENT WILL MEER – werden einer qualitativen Analyse unterzogen, sodass sich ihre jeweiligen Glückskonzepte als belastbare Ergebnisse abstrahieren lassen. Ziel ist eine exemplarische Sammlung populärer Glückskonzepte, die in ihren Ausprägungen als für unsere heutige Gesellschaft charakteristisch gelten können.
Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt in der Analyse zwei Perspektiven: Erstens zeigt sie, welches Glück in den untersuchten Filmen zur Darstellung kommt, und zweitens skizziert sie, dass das Wissen zu Glück, das in den Filmen vorausgesetzt, vermittelt und herausgefordert wird, in Zusammenhang mit hegemonialen Diskursen der westlichen Moderne steht.
In dieser Arbeit setze ich mich mit den Themen Existenz, Tod und Absurdität in Thomas Bernhards Romanen 'Frost' und 'Verstörung' auseinander. Da beide Texte viele inhaltliche und formale Ähnlichkeiten aufweisen, bieten sie sich als Gegenstand für eine einzelne Analyse an. 'Frost' wurde 1963 veröffentlicht, 'Verstörung' 1967. Es sind die ersten umfangreichen Prosawerke Bernhards. Zuvor erschienen hauptsächlich Gedichte und kürzere Prosatexte. Thomas Bernhard lässt sich literarhistorisch als kanonisierter1 Autor der Moderne charakterisieren.
Lichens are present in most land ecosystems, frequently occupying habitats where few other organisms are able to survive. Their contribution to the ecosystems in terms of biomass and ground cover increases with latitude and altitude, being, together with bryophytes, the most conspicuous component of alpine and polar landscapes. Whereas some polar lichens have reduced distributions and are restricted to high latitudes, most of them have very wide distributional ranges, which oven extend over several climatic regions. Many of them are common to Polar Regions of both hemispheres, a distributional pattern that has been denominated as bipolar, antitropical or amphitropical. Bipolar distributions are not exclusive to lichens, but common to many groups of organisms. The bipolar element in lichens is exceptional as it includes a large number of species, while in most other land organisms it includes genera or families but very seldom species.
In this dissertation I use the bipolar lichen Cetraria aculeata to give a first insight into the phylogeography of this biogeographic element in lichens. I discuss how and when the disjunct distribution of C. aculeata came to be, and try to partial out the roles that historical and ecological processes played in shaping its distribution.
Sampling was designed to cover a wide geographic extension. The main e"ort was made to collect in boreal, temperate and tropical mountain ranges in North and South America, as well to include Mediterranean populations in which specimens with deviant morphologies are observed.
I found that Cetraria aculeata forms a genetically congruent taxon. Although whether it should include C. muricata remains unsolved, I excluded all specimens identified as the latter from our analyses. Thee populations of both algal and fungal symbionts have a strong geographic structure. The study of the lichen fungus suggested that the species originated in the Eurasian continent and later expanded to acquire its current distribution during the Pleistocene. The results showed that all American populations originated from an ancestral population, more similar to the extant Arctic populations than to the Mediterranean ones.
The comparison between the structure of fungal and algal populations showed a high degree of coherence between them. However, the similarity in photobiont use between Arctic and Antarctic populations suggests that photobiont use responds not only to a history of codispersal in vegetative propagula, but it is also a result of a selective process related to climate. Since this climatic pattern of similarity is also found in the community of Alphaproteobacteria associated with C. aculeata, we concluded that lichens might be able to accommodate or to respond to different environmental conditions by selectively associating with different symbiotic partners.
Lastly, we found the Mediterranean populations of C. aculeata to be genetically differentiated in algal and fungal symbionts from the rest of the populations. While we found no grounds to believe that the overgrown morphs encountered in the region are due to the association with different algal lineages, I believe that a switch in photobiont use might be responsible for the pattern of genetic isolation encountered. Furthermore, I suggest that the Mediterranean and bipolar C. aculeata could be two different species, since both are ecologically, genetically and at least in part morphologically divergent.