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Master of science in international economics and economic policy : guidelines winter term 2017/2018
(2017)
HADES is a fixed target experiment using SIS18 heavy-ion beams. It investigates the microscopic properties of matter formed in heavy-ion, proton and pion - induced reactions in the 1-3.5 GeV/u energy regime. In 2014 HADES used a secondary pion beam produced by interaction between high-intensity nitrogen primary beam and a beryllium target. In these conditions beam losses, generated by slow extraction and beam transport to the experimental area, led to activation of the beam line elements and triggered radiation alarms. The primary beam intensity had to be reduced and the beam optics modified in order to keep radiation levels within the allowed limits. Similar beam conditions are requested by HADES experiment for upcoming run in 2018 and in the following years. Therefore, a number of measures have been proposed to improve beam transmission and quality. These measures are: additional shielding, additional beam instrumentation, modification of beam optics and increase of vacuum chambers' apertures in critical locations. The optics study and preliminary results of FLUKA simulations for optimization of location of loss detectors are presented.
Due to the massive parallel operation modes at GSI accelerators, a lot of accelerator setup and re-adjustment has to be made by operators during a beam time. This is typically done manually using potentiometers and is very time-consuming. With the FAIR project the complexity of the accelerator facility increases further and for efficiency reasons it is recommended to establish a high level of automation for future operation. Modern Accelerator Control Systems allow a fast access to both, accelerator settings and beam diagnostics data. This provides the opportunity to implement algorithms for automated adjustment of e.g. magnet settings to maximize transmission and optimize required beam parameters. The fast-switching magnets in GSI-beamlines are an optimal basis for an automatic exploration of the parameter-space. The optimization of the parameters for the SIS18 multi-turn-injection using a genetic algorithm has already been simulated*. The first results of our automatized online parameter optimization at the CRYRING@ESR injector are presented here.
The article presents in its first part approaches to the concept of text genres and some milestones in the evolution of text linguistics. The aim of this linguistics consists in the research of different ways of constructing texts, regardles of style and genre. Starting from the premise that some textual elements are indices for the text genres, the article exposes some observations regarding delimitations between text genres and research approaches from the intercultural and interdisciplinary perspective.
Life in Saxon and Romanian neighbourly communities in the common homeland of Transylvania is reflected in the vocabulary of the Transylvanian-Saxon vernaculars. This lingual contact results in “collective bilingualism”, a term used in the respective specialist literature. This contribution aims at the analysis of the loan verbs from a semantic viewpoint, at their classification according to their phonetic levelling to the vernacular phonetic system and at giving recapitulatory comments concerning the loan words’ integration process. The case examples are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary, from the North-Transylvanian-Saxon Dictonary and other specialist literature.
The present paper accumulates information and studies the etymology of the Romanian ethnonym “Aleman” and its versions, beginning from their geographical spread throughout Romania and Germany. The Romanian surnames “Aleman” and “Aloman” (highest prevalence in the area of Transylvania, in the Sibiu and Alba counties), as well as “Aliman”, “Alimănescu”, “Alaman” and “Alman” (highest prevalence in the areas of Muntenia, Oltenia and Dobrogea) do not come from the French term “allman” as their German equivalents “Allman”, “Allmang”, “Lallemand” do, which are concentrated in the Western Germany (in the Saarland, Rhineland-Palatinate German federal districts), due to the fact that there are no correspondents to the surnames of the Transylvanian Saxons. Therefore, the origin of these Romanian surnames is more likely to relate to the Turkish term “aleman” (see Iordan, 1983, p. 25 and 23), which also refers to the Germanic tribe of alamans or alemans, having the same meaning of “German”. The geographical proliferation of the “Aleman” and “Aliman” versions of the term is specific to the East to West population migration phenomena. These versions are the only ones existent in today’s Germany. Thus the “Aleman” and “Aliman” surnames are to be found in strongly industrialized centers such as Munich, Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Wiesbaden, Bielefeld, Hamburg and not in the area of the German-French frontier (see following map).
Based on the specific use of fixed expressions in everyday communication or in written messages, the paper presents modifications of reiterated discourse (suppresion, addition, substitution, permutation) that are illustrated by adapted common phrases and innovations of text types with formalized language.
In our “House Europe” the exchange of ideas is going on intensively and the multi-cultural societies are in continuous transformation. An interesting example for cultural transfer in a multi-lingual and multi-confessional society is the reception of the St. Martin’s Day combined with the lantern procession organized by the German schools in Transylvania. The schools with German teaching language in Romania became a practice area for intercultural communication. Since 1997, first grade students at German schools in Romania learn from a new reading primer. One of the reading passages, “Our Lantern Festival”, initiated the spreading of a feast which had not been popular before neither with the German speaking minority of the Transylvanian Saxons, nor with the Romanian majority. The Lantern Festival is closely linked to the celebration of St. Martin, who is a European figure of high symbolic power. We can allege that the cultural diversity is an additional value for Europe. In the era of globalization, when migration processes and cultural hybridization are getting more intense, the intercultural communication has to adjust its inherited paradigm to the contemporary dynamics and heterogeneity of cultures.