Refine
Year of publication
- 2005 (782) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (782) (remove)
Language
Has Fulltext
- yes (782) (remove)
Keywords
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (18)
- Biographie (15)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Universität (13)
- Frankfurt <Main> (12)
- Frankfurt (11)
- Vormärz (11)
- Deutsch (9)
- Englisch (8)
- Exil (8)
- Friedrich (7)
Institute
- Medizin (55)
- Extern (35)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (24)
- Physik (19)
- Philosophie (18)
- E-Finance Lab e.V. (17)
- Biochemie und Chemie (15)
- Geowissenschaften (15)
- Rechtswissenschaft (11)
- Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) Mannheim (10)
War and death in business : some remarks on the nature of conceptualisation in the field economy
(2005)
In welchen Konzepten und Phantasmen, also: in welchen kategorialen Ordnungen war in der volkssprachigen Adelsliteratur diskursivierbar, was die Literaturwissenschaft ‚Text’ und ‚Überlieferung’ nennt? Hierauf sucht der Beitrag eine Antwort, indem er Problemkonfigurationen mittelalterlicher Textualität in einer Interpretation der „Urstende“ des Konrad von Heimesfurt durchspielt. Narrative und metanarrative Partien werden dabei aufeinander bezogen, dass das in ihnen als Bedingung ihrer Möglichkeit gespeicherte, historisch fremd gewordene Textwissen hervortreten kann.
Balloon-borne stratospheric BrO measurements : comparison with Envisat/SCIAMACHY BrO limb profiles
(2005)
For the first time, results of all four existing stratospheric BrO profiling instruments, are presented and compared with reference to the SLIMCAT 3-dimensional chemical transport model (3-D CTM). Model calculations are used to infer a BrO profile validation set, measured by 3 different balloon sensors, for the new Envisat/SCIAMACHY (ENVIronment SATellite/SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) satellite instrument. The balloon observations include (a) balloon-borne in situ resonance fluorescence detection of BrO, (b) balloon-borne solar occultation DOAS measurements (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) of BrO in the UV, and (c) BrO profiling from the solar occultation SAOZ (Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithale) balloon instrument. Since stratospheric BrO is subject to considerable diurnal variation and none of the measurements are performed close enough in time and space for a direct comparison, all balloon observations are considered with reference to outputs from the 3-D CTM. The referencing is performed by forward and backward air mass trajectory calculations to match the balloon with the satellite observations. The diurnal variation of BrO is considered by 1-D photochemical model calculation along the trajectories. The 1-D photochemical model is initialised with output data of the 3-D model with additional constraints on the vertical transport, the total amount and photochemistry of stratospheric bromine as given by the various balloon observations. Total [Bry]=(20.1±2.8)pptv obtained from DOAS BrO observations at mid-latitudes in 2003, serves as an upper limit of the comparison. Most of the balloon observations agree with the photochemical model predictions within their given error estimates. First retrieval exercises of BrO limb profiling from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument agree to <±50% with the photochemically-corrected balloon observations, and tend to show less agreement below 20 km.
BACKGROUND: The identification of beta-barrel membrane proteins out of a genomic/proteomic background is one of the rapidly developing fields in bioinformatics. Our main goal is the prediction of such proteins in genome/proteome wide analyses.
RESULTS: For the prediction of beta-barrel membrane proteins within prokaryotic proteomes a set of parameters was developed. We have focused on a procedure with a low false positive rate beside a procedure with lowest false prediction rate to obtain a high certainty for the predicted sequences. We demonstrate that the discrimination between beta-barrel membrane proteins and other proteins is improved by analyzing a length limited region. The developed set of parameters is applied to the proteome of E. coli and the results are compared to four other described procedures.
CONCLUSION: Analyzing the beta-barrel membrane proteins revealed the presence of a defined membrane inserted beta-barrel region. This information can now be used to refine other prediction programs as well. So far, all tested programs fail to predict outer membrane proteins in the proteome of the prokaryote E. coli with high reliability. However, the reliability of the prediction is improved significantly by a combinatory approach of several programs. The consequences and usability of the developed scores are discussed.
Son yıllarda Avrupa’daki toplumsal ve siyasal gelişmeler her alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da köklü değişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Avrupa Birliğindeki bu gelişmeler, aynı zamanda birden çok yabancı dil öğrenme gereksiniminin artmasına da yol açmıştır. Böylece, yabancı dil öğretimi ve izlenecek yabancı dil politikası gittikçe önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Avrupa Konseyi, yabancı dil öğretiminin daha etkin ve verimli olmasını sağlayacak yeni düzenlemeler yapmayı öncelikli görevleri arasına almıştır. Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde dil ve kültür çeşitliliği korunması ve geliştirilmesi gereken bir zenginlik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu düşünceye uygun olarak tüm Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde “Avrupa Konseyi Yabancı Diller Eğitimi Ortak Kriterleri” çerçevesinde yabancı dil eğitim-öğretim izlencelerinin oluşturulmasına, ders araç-gereçleri geliştirilmesine, aynı zamanda bireylerin yabancı dil düzeylerinin saptanması ve belgelendirilmesinde ortak ölçütlerin belirlenmesine ve böylece bireylerde yaşam boyu yabancı dil öğrenme bilinci oluşturmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ne var ki, bu durum Avrupa Birliğine aday ülkeler arasında yer alan ülkemiz için geçerli değildir. Oysa, Avrupa Birliğine tam üyelik sürecinde değişen koşullarına uygun olarak yabancı dil eğitim politikamızın yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve “Avrupa Konseyi Yabancı Diller Ortak Kriterleri”ne uygun izlencelerin geliştirilmesi kaçınılmaz görünmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ülkemizde yabancı dil olarak tek bir dilin egemenliğine dayalı yabancı dil öğretimi yerine, öğretim programlarında farklı dil seçeneklerine yer verilerek, her yaş grubuna ve toplumun her kesimine uygun programlarla yabancı dil öğretimi yaygınlaştırılmalı ve buna uygun yabancı dil politikaları geliştirilmelidir.
Die Durchführung kontrastiver Untersuchungen setzt vor allem eine gründliche Beschreibung der zu vergleichenden Sprachen auf der Grundlage eines Grammatikmodells voraus. Kontrastive Arbeiten zum Sprachenpaar Deutsch/Türkisch, die diese Bedingung erfüllen, finden sich nur selten. Das dürfte auf die nur bedingt vergleichbaren Strukturen der besagten Sprachen zurückzuführen sein. Zwar existiert die semantische Kategorie Reflexivum im Deutschen und im Türkischen. In vielen Fällen ist es jedoch nicht möglich, die Existenz eines syntaktischen und semantischen Reflexivums in den beiden Sprachen nachzuweisen. Im folgenden Beitrag soll der Versuch unternommen werden, dieses Problem anhand eines Vergleichs der reflexiven Konstruktionen im Deutschen und im Türkischen zu verdeutlichen.
Die Durchführung kontrastiver Untersuchungen setzt vor allem eine gründliche Beschreibung der zu vergleichenden Sprachen auf der Grundlage eines Grammatikmodells voraus. Kontrastive Arbeiten zum Sprachenpaar Deutsch/Türkisch, die diese Bedingung erfüllen, finden sich nur selten. Das dürfte auf die nur bedingt vergleichbaren Strukturen der besagten Sprachen zurückzuführen sein. Zwar existiert die semantische Kategorie Reflexivum im Deutschen und im Türkischen. In vielen Fällen ist es jedoch nicht möglich, die Existenz eines syntaktischen und semantischen Reflexivums in den beiden Sprachen nachzuweisen. Im folgenden Beitrag soll der Versuch unternommen werden, dieses Problem anhand eines Vergleichs der reflexiven Konstruktionen im Deutschen und im Türkischen zu verdeutlichen.
Audiovisuelle Wissensmedien können durch die Systematisierung / Strukturierung der Lehrangebote infolge des Bologna-Prozesses systematischer gesammelt, erschlossen und verfügbar gemacht werden. Durch die Einführung von E-Learning an den Hochschulen wurden Möglichkeiten geschaffen, AV-Medien auf vielfältige Weise online zu nutzen. Bleibt die Frage, wie können AV-Medien so bereitgestellt werden, dass sie leicht gefunden und in die Umgebungen integriert werden können. Im Rahmen von zwei Projekten des BmbF konnte das IWF Leibniz-Institut für Wissen und Medien ein Medienmangementsystem entwickeln, das den Transfer von audiovisuellen Wissensmedien in die Hochschulwelt nachhaltig ermöglicht. In einer Kooperation mit der SUB Göttingen und dem Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbund wurden schließlich die notwendige Verbindung zur Hochschule geschaffen. IWFcampusmedien können nun flexibel in E-Learningumgebungen eingebunden werden. Schlüsselwörter: Lernmanagement, Medienkompetenz, Online-Medien, Kulturwissenschaft, Film in der Lehre
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that leads to deleterious pulmonary pathological features. Due to its high morbidity and mortality and widespread occurrence, SARS has evolved as an important respiratory disease which may be encountered everywhere in the world. The virus was identified as the causative agent of SARS due to the efforts of a WHO-led laboratory network. The potential mutability of the SARS-CoV genome may lead to new SARS outbreaks and several regions of the viral genomes open reading frames have been identified which may contribute to the severe virulence of the virus. With regard to the pathogenesis of SARS, several mechanisms involving both direct effects on target cells and indirect effects via the immune system may exist. Vaccination would offer the most attractive approach to prevent new epidemics of SARS, but the development of vaccines is difficult due to missing data on the role of immune system-virus interactions and the potential mutability of the virus. Even in a situation of no new infections, SARS remains a major health hazard, as new epidemics may arise. Therefore, further experimental and clinical research is required to control the disease.
Keywords: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; SARS; coronavirus; molecular mechanisms; therapy; vaccination
Hochschulreform und disziplinärer Wandel : Mutmaßungen über Zustand und Zukunft der Altgermanistik
(2005)
Überall gibt es dieselben fatalen Homogenisierungsbewegungen quer zu den disziplinenspezifisch höchst unterschiedlichen Formen der Erkenntnisproduktion und -reproduktion. Und es gibt sie selbstverständlich auch im Außenverhältnis des Wissenschaftssystems: Ein plastisches Beispiel hierfür ist die grassierende Forderung nach Stärkung der Praxisbezüge von Forschung und Lehre. Im Klartext wird da ja gerade die Entdifferenzierung der Funktionsspezifikationen der Universität gegenüber anderen gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen (sowie die Verknappung der für die Transfers zwischen ihnen akzeptablen Zeiträume) verlangt.
Bob Dylan war eine Ikone der amerikanischen Protestbewegung, trat bei Martin Luther Kings Marsch nach Washington auf. Clemens Brentano war Mitglied der Christlich-Deutschen Tischgesellschaft und schrieb eine Kantate auf Königin Luise von Preußen. Ebenso verschieden sind die Einflüsse, die auf beide wirken. (...) Trotz dieser Unterschiede kann man weiterfragen, kann versuchen, die Dynamik, die Ruhelosigkeit, die beiden gemeinsam ist, zu verstehen. (...) Wegweisend (...) sind die Überlegungen des Religionshistorikers Friedrich Wilhelm Graf, der in seinem Buch ‚Die Wiederkehr der Götter’ die Untersuchung von autobiografischen Texten vorschlägt, um die Innenseite der Säkularisierung begreifen zu können. Eine solche Sichtweise ermöglicht es, so verschiedene Individuen wie Bob Dylan und Clemens Brentano zu verstehen und zu vergleichen. Denn die Säkularisierung stellt einen Langzeitzusammenhang dar und greift auch räumlich weit aus, betrifft verschiedene, ehemals christlich geprägte Gesellschaften.
Curius punctatus (Fisher) : new combination (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Curiini)
(2005)
Two recent invertebrate collections from Wisconsin prairies have yielded large numbers of Apioninae. These collections and published literature demonstrate that certain members are important components of the prairie biotic community. This paper examines the collections, associated food plants, and
prevalence of prairie Apioninae in Wisconsin.
A total of 73 species of tephritid flies has been recorded from Florida since the early 1800s. Of these, 7 species are considered to represent occasional waifs or accidental introductions from surrounding regions that are not known to have established populations in Florida; 6 are exotic pests which failed to colonize or were extirpated; and 7 species are represented only by early literature records and are considered dubious for the state. Thus, the tephritid fauna of Florida currently comprises a total of 53 species of which 1 species is precinctive to the state and considered to be endangered.
The name Araecerus fasciculatus (DeGeer 1775) is resurrected for the coffee bean weevil, with the following synonyms: Bruchus cacao Fabricius 1775, Bruchus peregrinus Herbst 1797, Bruchus capsinicola Fabricius 1798, Anthribus coffeae Fabricius 1801, Amblycerus japonicus Thunberg 1815 (probably a synonym), Anthribus alternans Germar 1824, Phloeobius griseus of Stephens 1831, not Fabricius 1792, Cratoparis parvirostris Thomson 1858, Araecerus seminarius Chevrolat 1871, and Tropideres (Rhaphitropis) mateui Cobos 1954. Lectotypes are designated for A. fasciculatus, B. capsinicola, and A. alternans. A diagnosis distinguishes Araecerus from all 650 anthribid genera and a diagnosis for the species is as complete as possible with materials studied. Some additional species of Araecerus are discussed: Bruchus crassicornis Fabricius 1798 is distinguished from A. fasciculatus and a lectotype is designated. Araecerus suturalis Boheman 1839 is diagnosed and shown to be dissimilar from the species recently reported as A. suturalis from South Africa. The identity of Araecerus suturalis of Frieser, not Boheman, is not yet clear. Araecerus sambucinus Boisduval 1835 and Trepideres [sic] fragilis Walker 1859 may be synonyms of A. fasciculatus but pertinent data are insufficient. Brachytarsus niveovariegatus Roelofs 1879 (spelled nigrovariegatus by Bovie (1906)), listed as a synonym of A. fasciculatus by Wolfrurn (1929) is removed to Anthribus Forster 1770 with Anthribus lajievorus Chao 1976 as a new synonym.
Anthonomus (Cnemocyllus) decipiens Dietz is designated as type species of Cnemocyllus Dietz. The twenty-three North American species assigned to the Anthonomus subgenus Cnemocyllus include ten previously placed in the subgenus: A. albus Hatch, A. decipiens LeConte, A. dorothyae Hatch, A. elongatus LeConte, A. jacobinus Dietz, A. juncturus Fall, A. ligatus Dietz, A. pictus Blatchley, A. quesnelensis Sleeper, and A. tenuis Fall; three species formerly in Anthonomus but not in Cnemocyllus: A. stolatus Fall, A. inermis Boheman, and A. ornatulus Dietz; two species once in Epimechus Dietz but subsequently transferred to Anthonomus: A. arenicolor (Fall) and A. canoides (Fall); and eight new species: A. californiensis, new species (California and Baja California); A. bajaensis, new species (Baja California); A. intermedius, new species (Utah); A. extensus, new species (British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington); A. deserticolus, new species (Arizona, Baja California, California, Guerrero, New Mexico, Sonora, and Texas); A. schuhi, new species (California and Oregon); A. latus, new species (California); and A. squamoerectus, new species (California and Oregon). The species of Anthonomus in the subgenus Cnemocyllus are distinguished from other Anthonomini by the combination of having vestiture of more-or-less broad, dense scales, 6 or 7 antennal funicular articles, a slender endophallic transfer apparatus and, in most, the slightly to strongly curved metatibia of the male. The tarsal claws are variable, toothed or untoothed. The names Anthonomus cycliferus (Fall), A. malkini Hatch and A. summeri Hatch are placed in new synonymy under A. jacobinus Dietz; A. cretaceus (Champion) is placed in new synonymy under A. decipiens LeConte; A. imbricus Hatch is placed in new synonymy under A. quesnelensis Sleeper; A. mannerheimi Dieckmann (A. brunnipennis Mannerheim, not Curtis) and A. subvittatus LeConte are placed in new synonymy under A. inermis (Boheman); A. minutus Hatch is placed in new synonymy under A. dorothyae Hatch. Adults of many of the species of the subgenus Cnemocyllus have been collected on plants in the family Asteraceae. The larvae of several of the species are known to develop on these plants.
The strigatus group of the New World species of Ataenius Harold is revised. Seventeen species are recognized including two species described as new: Ataenius ecruensis sp. nov. from the United States and A. oaxacaensis sp. nov. from Mexico. Fifteen previously used names are considered valid, three new synonyms are proposed: A. liogaster Bates (= A. edwardsi Chapin syn. nov. = A. hoguei Cartwright and Spangler syn. nov.), A. wenzelii Horn (= A. rudellus Fall, syn. nov.). New state records are presented for A. spretulus (Haldeman) (Washington) and A. cognatus (LeConte) (Indiana, Missouri, and Mississippi). The taxa are diagnosed, keyed and illustrated; available biological information and distribution data are given.
Parkella Chickering 1946 = Metacyrba F. O. P.-Cambridge 1901, n. syn.; Parkella venusta Chickering 1946 = Metacyrba venusta (Chickering 1946), n. comb.; Parkella fusca Chickering 1946 and Dendryphantes franganilloi Caporiacco 1955 = Metacyrba venusta (Chickering 1946), n. syn. The six valid described species of Metacyrba are diagnosed and re-illustrated to show previously unrecognized genitalic differences. Metacyrba similis Banks 1904 is resurrected as a subspecies, becoming Metacyrba taeniola similis Banks 1904, n. status. The female of Metacyrba pictipes Banks 1903 is described for the first time. Metacyrba arizonensis Barnes 1958 = Platycryptus arizonensis (Barnes 1958), n. comb., and Marpissa magna (Peckham & Peckham 1894) = Platycryptus magnus (Peckham & Peckham 1894), n. comb. Platycryptus broadwayi (Peckham & Peckham 1894) = Platycryptus magnus (Peckham & Peckham 1894), n. syn. [lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for both names]. Metacyrba nigrosecta (Mello-Leitão 1945) = Balmaceda nigrosecta Mello-Leitão 1945, comb. restored. The genera Balmaceda Peckham & Peckham 1894, Metacyrba, and Platycryptus Hill 1979 are compared morphologically among themselves and to Breda Peckham & Peckham 1894 and Fuentes Peckham & Peckham 1894. The distributions of Balmaceda picta Peckham & Peckham 1894 and Metacyrba species are updated. Marpissa melanura F.O.P.-Cambridge 1901 is resurrected; it is not a synonym of Marpissa minor F.O.P.-Cambridge 1901 nor Platycryptus californicus (Peckham & Peckham 1888).
Labena is a primitive genus known from the Neotropic, Nearctic, Neantarctic, and Australian biogeographic regions. It parasitizes larvae of wood boring beetles in dead twigs and smaller branches of hardwood trees and shrubs. Descriptions are given of 2 new Chilean species: Labena canelensis Porter, from sclerophyll woodland in central Chile, is black with sparse white markings, has a strong tooth at the base of the submetapleural carina, and a short first gastric tergite (2.3-2.6 as long as wide at apex), whereas L. pucon Porter occurs in temperate wet forest of southern Chile and is black with profuse white markings, lacks a submetapleural tooth, and has the first tergite very elongate (4.0-6.2 as long as wide at apex).
Xorides albopictus (Cresson) and Xorides calidus (Provancher) are recorded for the first time from Florida. New Florida records are given for Xorides semirufus Townes, previously known only from the holotype female collected near Archer in Alachua County in 1953. A key is provided to the Florida species of Xorides. A photograph of X. semirufus is included.
Acrotaphus fuscipennis (Cresson), distinctive because of its black wings and bright red body, is recorded for the first time from the United States. It was reared from araneid spiders collected in Florida, which constitutes the first host record for this species. Acrotaphus tibialis (Cameron), collected in Texas, is also recorded for the first time in the United States. New U.S. localities are given for A. wiltii (Cresson). A key is provided for the identification of the three species of Acrotaphus in United States. The adults of all three species and the cocoon of Acrotaphus fuscipennis are illustrated.
Specimen records for an adventive darkling beetle, Ceropria induta (Wiedemann) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae; Diaperinae) show that this Asian insect has become established in southern Florida, USA. Illustrations and a diagnosis of the beetle are provided, with notes on habitats and possible polyporaceous hosts, and the genus is incorporated into a key to the related North American taxa.
A preliminary annotated checklist of the Chrysomelidae of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico is presented based on literature records and the examination of approximately 16,000 chrysomelid specimens. Seven subfamilies and 218 described species have been identified. Ninty-one species are recognized from the Baja California peninsula for the first time. Twenty-nine species are listed as endemic. An additional 128 morphospecies have been identified as undescribed or not yet associated with described species of mainland Mexico or the United States. Adult host plant associations have been identified for approximately 120 species or 35% of the leaf beetle fauna of the region. Each of the 218 described species is associated with the eight plant communities as outlined by Wiggins (1980). Two dominant subfamilies comprise 76% of the leaf beetle fauna: Galerucinae, 87 species (40%) and Cryptocephalinae, 78 species (36%). The following new combinations are proposed: Neolema californica (Heinze, 1927), transferred from Lema Fabricius, 1798; Pseudoluperus histrio (Horn, 1895), transferred from Keitheatus Wilcox, 1965, and Diachus peninsularis (Schaeffer, 1906), transferred from Triachus J. L. LeConte, 1880. Lema peninsulae Crotch, 1873, is removed from synonymy with L. balteata J. L. LeConte, 1884 and reinstated as a valid species. A replacement name is proposed: Longitarsus bajaensis Andrews and Gilbert for Longitarsus bicolor Horn, 1894.
A cochonilha Phoenicococcus cribiformes é descrita do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Além de Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, 1899, é a segunda espécie conhecida da familia Phoenicococcidae. A fêmea adulta de P. cribiformes difere da P. marlatti por apresentar nos primeiros segmentos abdominais um par de placas cribiformes. Ela foi coletada sobre Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.), o chamado Pinheiro-do-Paraná, dentro da casca do tronco. Foi observada uma associação com formigas do gênero Brachymyrmex.
New distribution records for two species of Cryptolestes Ganglbauer (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
(2005)
Spartocera batatas (Fabricius) was found for the first time in the USA in Homestead, Florida, in 1995. Records from Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saba, and Venezuela also are reported. The bug can be a
pest of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas.
Im Mittelalter war der Begriff der Nation zwar schon klar umrissen, aber die Nation in unserem Sinne gab es nicht. Das Wort ›Nation‹ ist entlehnt aus dem Lateinischen nâtio (-ônis), einer Ableitung von nâscî (nâtus sum), geboren werden, das mit dem lateinischen genus‚ Geschlecht, Art, Gattung verwandt ist. Das Wort bezeichnet seiner Etymologie nach eine Gemeinschaft von Menschen derselben Herkunft, die durch gemeinsame Abstammung verbunden sind; dann anschließend eine Gemeinschaft von Menschen gleicher Kultur, Sprache. Demgemäß bezeichnete lat. natio schon in der Antike und noch lange im Mittelalter die Abstammung oder den Herkunftsort einer Person und zwar in Bezug auf politisch nicht organisierte Bevölkerungen. Anfangs bezeichnete also die Nation die Herkunft einer Gruppe von ausgewanderten Menschen, die sich mit der Bevölkerung vermengte, in die sie sich eingliederte. So wurde das Wort besonders gebraucht, um die Herkunft der Studenten einer Universität zu bezeichnen: es ist die Rede von ›Universitätsnationen‹, wobei »mit diesem Wort […] ursprünglich eher Himmelsrichtungen als Nationen im späteren Sinne gemeint«
waren. Es entstand in Paris die Einteilung in vier Nationen: Gallikaner oder Gallier, zu denen auch Italiener, Spanier, Griechen und Morgenländer zählten, Picarden, Normannen und Engländer, die auch die Deutschen und weitere Nord- und Mitteleuropäer beinhalteten. […] Es gab an der 1348 gegründeten Universität Prag ebenfalls vier gleichberechtigte ›Nationen‹, in die sich die einzelnen Studenten organisierten. Die polnische Nation umfasste die Studenten aus Preußen, Schlesien oder aus einer polnischen Stadt mit deutscher Bevölkerung, d. h. aus dem gesamten östlichen Raum; zur böhmischen Nation gehörten die Böhmen, die Tschechen, die Ungarn und die Südslaven, zur bayerischen Nation die Schwaben, die Bayern, die Franken, die Hessen, die Rheinländer und die Westfalen, zur sächsischen Nation die Norddeutschen, die Dänen, die Schweden und die Finnen. So hatte der mittelalterliche Nationbegriff nichts zu tun mit dem modernen, seit der Französischen Revolution in den Vordergrund getretenen, und noch weniger mit dem Nationalismus.
While the sortal constraints associated with Japanese numeral classifiers are well-studied, less attention has been paid to the details of their syntax. We describe an analysis implemented within a broad-coverage HPSG that handles an intricate set of numeral classifier construction types and compositionally relates each to an appropriate semantic representation, using Minimal Recursion Semantics.
Problematisierungen dominieren die Diskussionen über Ernährung in Medien und Politik. Thematisiert werden die Folgen von Übergewicht bei Kindern, die Abnahme von Ernährungskompetenzen oder die Zunahme ernährungsmitbedingter Krankheiten und ein Verlust von Ernährungskultur, insbesondere die Folgekosten für das Gesundheitswesen. Skandalisierungen und Pauschalurteile werden jedoch den KonsumentInnen nicht gerecht. Dies zeigt ein differenzierter Blick auf den Ernährungsalltag.
Wenn es Aufgabe der Literaturwissenschaft ist zu erforschen, „in welchem Maße Literaturen an den Kämpfen um kulturelle Hegemonie beteiligt sind“ (Kirsch), so gilt das besonders für historische Romane, die nationale oder regionale Geschichte rekonstruieren. Solche Romane schreiben entweder die Opposition von Siegern und Besiegten fest oder stellen Geschichte als shared history der beteiligten Akteure dar. Auch innerhalb Europas gibt es Kultur- und Sprachräume, die die letzten Jahrhunderte im Status kolonialer Abhängigkeit verbracht haben und über diese langen Zeiträume hinweg kulturellen Hybridisierungsprozessen ausgesetzt waren. Eine solche Erfahrung hat die Mittelmeerinsel Sardinien zutiefst geprägt; Sardinien ist „eine der ältesten und dauerhaftesten Kolonien der Welt“ (Day). Die heutige sardische Literatur trägt daher alle Züge einer postkolonialen Literatur. Sie präsentiert sich als kulturelles und sprachliches patchwork, als individuelle und kollektive Suche nach dem, was sardische Identität nach dem Durchgang durch den Kolonisationsprozeß ist und sein kann, als Basteln einer imagined community im Zeitalter von Massentourismus und Globalisierung. Mit Sergio Atzeni ist ein Autor angesprochen, der es bis zu seinem frühen Tod im Jahr 1995 als seine Aufgabe angesehen hat, Sardiniens Geschichte(n) Schriftform zu geben.
Let’s not forget that 1492, one of the first landmarks of Modernity, was both the year of the conquest of the Americas and of the fall or of the Reconquista of Granada, both of inner and outer ethnic cleansing of the nation state; that the national state was a colonial state and is now a securitarian state, that colonialism was the very form of Western Modernity, that the French Revolution itself was colonial, that the leader of the first Black revolutionary independence movement, Toussaint Louverture (Haiti), died in a French prison though inspired by the French Revolution. - No-one has access to reason as whole: there is no such thing as the whole of Reason, or Reason as a whole, or the Totality of reason. Reason is patched up of disconnected bits and pieces that reside at different addresses.