Refine
Year of publication
- 2017 (3201) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1228)
- Part of Periodical (582)
- Part of a Book (303)
- Book (234)
- Doctoral Thesis (181)
- Review (160)
- Contribution to a Periodical (151)
- Working Paper (129)
- Report (112)
- Preprint (64)
Language
- English (1688)
- German (1394)
- Portuguese (44)
- Spanish (21)
- French (20)
- Multiple languages (16)
- Turkish (13)
- Ukrainian (2)
- Catalan (1)
- Hebrew (1)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3201) (remove)
Keywords
- taxonomy (65)
- Deutsch (60)
- Literatur (58)
- Financial Institutions (41)
- new species (40)
- Rezeption (28)
- Literaturwissenschaft (26)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (24)
- Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (23)
- Banking Supervision (22)
Institute
- Medizin (381)
- Präsidium (285)
- Physik (235)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (215)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (196)
- Sustainable Architecture for Finance in Europe (SAFE) (163)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (114)
- Biowissenschaften (105)
- Neuere Philologien (105)
- Informatik (91)
A balanced sphingolipid rheostat is indispensable for dendritic cell function and survival and thus initiation of an immune response. Sphingolipid levels are dynamically maintained by the action of sphingolipid enzymes of which sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases (SGPP-1/2) and S1P lyase (SGPL-1), are pivotal in the balance of S1P and sphingosine levels. In this study, we present that SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 are regulated in inflammatory dendritic cells and contribute to S1P fate. TLR-dependent activation caused SGPL-1 protein downregulation with subsequent decrease of enzymatic activity by two-thirds. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that endogenous SGPP-1 was expressed in nuclei of naive dendritic cells and was translocated into the cytoplasmatic compartment upon inflammatory stimulation resulting in dephosphorylation of S1P. Mass spectrometric determination showed that a part of the resulting sphingosine was released from the cell, increasing extracellular levels. Another route of diminishing intracellular S1P was possibly taken by its export via ATP-binding cassette transporter C1 which was upregulated in array analysis, while the S1P transporter, spinster homolog 2, was not relevant in dendritic cells. These investigations newly describe the sequential expression and localization of the endogenous S1P regulators SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 and highlight their contribution to the sphingolipid rheostat in inflammation.
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin fibrosis. Inflammation, type 2 immunity, and fibrogenic processes are involved in disease development and may be affected by sphingolipids. However, details about early-stage pathophysiological mechanisms and implicated mediators remain elusive. The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is elevated in the sera of SSc patients, and its receptor S1P5 is expressed in skin tissue. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about the dermatological contribution of S1P5 to inflammatory and pro-fibrotic processes leading to the pathological changes seen in SSc. In this study, we observed a novel effect of S1P5 on the inflammatory processes during low-dose bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrogenesis in murine skin. By comparing 2-week-treated skin areas of wild-type (WT) and S1P5-deficient mice, we found that S1P5 is important for the transcriptional upregulation of the Th2 characteristic transcription factor GATA-3 under treatment-induced inflammatory conditions, while T-bet (Th1) and FoxP3 (Treg) mRNA expression was regulated independently of S1P5. Additionally, treatment caused a regulation of S1P receptor 1 and S1P receptor 3 mRNA as well as a regulation of long-chain ceramide profiles, which both differ significantly between the genotypes. Despite S1P5-dependent differences regarding inflammatory processes, similar macroscopic evidence of fibrosis was detected in the skin histology of WT and S1P5-deficient mice after 4 weeks of subcutaneous BLM treatment. However, at the earlier 2-week point in time, the mRNA data of pro-collagen type 1 and SMAD7 indicate a pro-fibrotic S1P5 contribution in the applied SSc mouse model. In conclusion, we propose that S1P5 plays a role as a novel modulator during the early phase of BLM-caused fibrogenesis in murine skin. An immediate relationship between dermal S1P5 expression and fibrotic processes leading to skin alterations, such as formative for SSc pathogenesis, is indicated but should be studied more profound in further investigations. Therefore, this study is an initial step in understanding the role of S1P5-mediated effects during early stages of fibrogenesis, which may encourage the ongoing search for new therapeutic options for SSc patients.
In thesis I investigate the possibility that at the smallest length scale (Planck scale) the very notion of "dimension" needs to be revisited. Due to "quantum effects" spacetime might become very turbulent at these scales and properties like those of "fractals" emerge, including a "scale dependent dimension". It seems that this "spontaneous dimensional reduction" and the appearance of a minimal physical length are very general effects that most approaches to quantum gravity share. Main emphasis is given to the"spectral dimension" and its calculation for strings and p-branes.
Für die Einzelsprachlichkeit der Literatur : Nebenbemerkung zum jüngsten Streit um die Germanistik
(2017)
"Daß gepfleget werde / Der feste Buchstab, und Bestehendes gut / Gedeutet." Das ist aus der letzten Strophe von Hölderlins "Patmos" ("Nah ist / und schwer zu fassen …" etc.). Die Hymne schließt mit: "Dem folgt deutscher Gesang." Was daraus zu Zeiten gemacht wurde und wie schlecht es gedeutet wurde, ist bekannt. Es gibt also gute Gründe zu fragen: Hat das irgendetwas mit uns heute, unseren politischen und medialen Umwelten und Umbrüchen zu tun? Darf man so anfangen, oder auch: so weitermachen? Haben wir Germanisten, vor allem die der vorangegangenen Generation, nicht hart an der Befreiung unseres Faches aus den Verstrickungen der Nationalphilologie einschließlich aller Idealismen, Romantizismen, Nationalismen gearbeitet? Und ist Hölderlin nicht auch irgendso'n Toter und so überforscht wie die Nordsee überfischt?
Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is often associated with a wide range of trauma-related aversive emotions such as fear, disgust, sadness, shame, guilt, and anger. Intense experience of aversive emotions in particular has been linked to higher psychopathology in trauma survivors. Most established psychosocial treatments aim to reduce avoidance of trauma-related memories and associated emotions. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) also foster radical acceptance of the traumatic event.
Methods: This study compares individual ratings of trauma-related emotions and radical acceptance between the start and the end of DBT for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) related to CSA. We expected a decrease in trauma-related emotions and an increase in acceptance. In addition, we tested whether therapy response according to the Clinician Administered PTSD-Scale (CAPS) for the DSM-IV was associated with changes in trauma-related emotions and acceptance. The data was collected within a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of DBT-PTSD, and a subsample of 23 women was included in this secondary data analysis.
Results: In a multilevel model, shame, guilt, disgust, distress, and fear decreased significantly from the start to the end of the therapy whereas radical acceptance increased. Therapy response measured with the CAPS was associated with change in trauma-related emotions.
Conclusions: Trauma-related emotions and radical acceptance showed significant changes from the start to the end of DBT-PTSD. Future studies with larger sample sizes and control group designs are needed to test whether these changes are due to the treatment.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00481000
Mit der Goethe-Rezeption Max Kommerells beschäftigt sich der Beitrag von Eva Geulen. Ausgehend von Walter Benjamins bekannter Kritik an "Der Dichter als Führer in der deutschen Klassik" (1928) fragt sie nach einem "Doppelzug des Theorie- und Gegenwartsverzichts" von Kommerells literaturwissenschaftlicher Arbeit, wie er sich in herausragender Weise in seiner lebenslangen Auseinandersetzung mit Goethe kondensiert. Dabei rückt Geulen weniger den zentralen Stellenwert Goethes im Führer-Buch oder die bis heute viel zitierten Studien über Goethes Lyrik, Faust II oder Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre in den Blick, sondern widmet sich stattdessen zwei Reden Kommerells, die die Bedeutung Goethes für die Jugend seiner Zeit eruieren: "Jugend ohne Goethe" (1931) und "Goethe und die europäische Jugend" (1943). Zwar zeichneten sich diese Arbeiten durch für Kommerell eigentlich untypische zeitkritische Bezüge aus. So rechne die erste Rede mit Jugendbewegung und Präfaschismus ab; und so lese sich die zweite streckenweise bereits wie ein Vorschlag zur 'Völkerverständigung' der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit. Die besondere Pointe von Kommerells Goethe-Aneignung erblickt Geulen allerdings darin, dass die Reden das Motiv des einsamen Goethe mobilisieren und dass sie eine "absolute Aktualität und Gegenwärtigkeit" Goethes "mit seiner absoluten Entrückung im Knotenpunkt der Einsamkeit" verschränken. Aktuell und gegenwärtig sei Goethe für Kommerell just aus dem Grund, dass er sich bereits von seiner eigenen Gegenwart nicht habe vereinnahmen lassen. Dieses "Widerspiel von Entrückung und Vergegenwärtigung" lasse Goethes Aktualität mit seiner Unzeitgemäßheit durchgängig koinzidieren. Und nicht zuletzt dies bewahre sowohl Kommerell als auch Goethe vor dem Altmodisch-Werden: "Kann er nicht gegenwärtig sein, so wird er auch nie vergangen sein." Im Hinblick auf Kommerells "beharrliche Entrückungsstrategie" Goethes wirft Geulen auch die Frage nach Chancen und Grenzen des gegenwärtigen Interesses an Kommerell auf.
Biodiversity research heavily relies on recent and older literature, and the data contained therein. Despite great effort, large parts of the literature and the data it holds are still not available in appropriate formats needed for efficient compilation and analysis. As a part of the current funding strategy of the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), and resulting from an extensive dialogue with the scientific community in Germany, a "Specialised Information Service" (Fachinformationsdienst, FID) for Biodiversity Research will be established with the objective of making further segments of literature about biodiversity available in up-to-date formats. This project, starting 2017, is conducted by the University Library Johann Christian Senckenberg (Frankfurt/Main, Germany) together with the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and the Text Technology Lab of the Goethe University (Frankfurt/Main).
The new Specialised Information Service for Biodiversity Research (FID Biodiversitätsforschung) comprises four core elements: (A) A text mining approach which encompasses advanced text technologies and a large body of 20th century literature; (B) the digitisation of selected German biodiversity literature; (C) a platform für Open Access journals; and (D) Acquisition of specialised print literature.
We cannot imagine a political system without opposition. Despite this crucial position in politics, political science has largely neglected to study oppositions. Attempting to fill this gap, this article analyses the institutional opportunities of parliamentary oppositions. It offers a parsimonious framework by distinguishing two dimensions of opposition influence: Some institutions enable oppositions to control governments, while others offer opportunities to present alternatives. A comparison of oppositions’ opportunities in 21 democracies shows that countries fall into four groups along these dimensions: In majoritarian democracies, weak control mechanisms are countered by excellent opportunities to publicize alternatives. Consociational democracies are characterized by strong control mechanisms, but provide only weak opportunities to present alternatives. Moreover, in Southern Europe, control mechanisms and opportunities to present alternatives are weak, while both are pronounced in Nordic Europe. The results are summarized in three indices that can easily be applied in future research examining oppositions and their power.
Streit und Spiel
(2017)
Von den vielen Vorwürfen an die Adresse der Geisteswissenschaften trifft derjenige ins Herz unserer Fächer, der behauptet, dass wir das Streiten verlernt haben und diskussionsmüde den Konsens suchen. Wenn die Diagnose wirklich zutreffen sollte, dass wir uns nicht mehr streiten können oder wollen, dann wäre das in der Tat ein Armutszeugnis. Denn wir sind es doch, die sich Kritik und Dissens auf die Fahnen geschrieben haben. Deshalb und weil es in unseren Kontexten zwar gute und weniger gute Argumente gibt, aber keinen letzten Beweis, ist der Streit so etwas wie unser Lebenselixier.