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Mit der vorliegenden Quellenanthologie präsentieren Tim Geelhaar und John Thomas ein Ergebnis aus dem transkulturellen und internationalen Forschungsprojekt "Stiftungstod. Säkularisation von Kirchengut und andere Gefährdungen für die Stiftungszwecke durch staatliche Gewalt in der lateinischen und griechisch-orthodoxen Christenheit des Mittelalters", das von der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung finanziert und von Michael Borgolte geleitet wurde. Den enthaltenen Quellen voran geht eine ausführliche und detaillierte Einleitung, deren allgemeiner Teil (S. 3–17) nicht nur die Entwicklung und Grenzen der eigenen Fragestellung benennt, sondern darüber hinaus die theoretischen und methodischen Prämissen des Vorhabens transparent darlegt und in der gebotenen Kürze die einhergehenden Schwierigkeiten und Konsequenzen präzise formuliert. Hieran schließt sich eine ebenso konzise Übersicht über die ausgewählten lateinischen (S. 19–35) und byzantinischen (S. 37–46) Quellen sowie deren vergleichende Perspektive (S. 47–56) an. Abgeschlossen wird der einleitende Teil durch einen kurzen Exkurs zu einer der ideengebenden Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema staatlicher Einflussnahme in Stiftungsbesitz im byzantinischen Reich ("The Charanis Thesis Revisited", S. 57–68), der es dem Leser ermöglicht, anhand eines anschaulichen Beispiels nachzuvollziehen, welche Fragen, Lösungsversuche und grundsätzlichen Motivationen als treibende Kräfte in der Produktion der Anthologie gewirkt haben. Als Kernstück des Bandes folgt dann die Quellenauswahl aus dem 5. bis 15. Jahrhundert (lateinische, S. 94–303; byzantinische, S. 306–421), deren chronologische Anordnung und stets mitgelieferte Übersetzung (im Fall der byzantinischen Quellen oftmals erstmalig) es dem – auch nicht ausschließlich fachkundigen – Leser ermöglicht, Entwicklungslinien in der "staatlichen" Gefährdung von Stiftungsbesitz zu verfolgen und im byzantinisch/abendländischen Vergleich zu betrachten. Für eine eingehendere Auseinandersetzung mit der besagten Thematik haben die Herausgeber zusätzlich noch ein ausführliches Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis (S. 71–91) bereitgestellt. ...
Treffen im Titel eines Sammelbandes zwei Worte aufeinander, die auf einigermaßen aktuelle kulturwissenschaftliche "Turns" verweisen, im vorliegenden Fall auf den "Iconic" und den "Performative Turn", so liegt der Verdacht nahe, dass hier entweder alter Wein in neue Schläuche verpackt wird oder dass modische Schlagworte inhaltliche Leere verdecken sollen. Beide Befürchtungen erweisen sich im vorliegenden Band glücklicherweise als unbegründet. Stattdessen zeigt sich deutlich, wie gerade das Konzept der Performanz zu einem neuen Verständnis der Rolle von Bildern und ihrer Wirksamkeit im hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen lateinischen Europa beitragen kann. Um diesen zeitlichen und räumlichen Schwerpunkt herum, der sich aus der Zusammenarbeit der Brüsseler Groupe de recherche en histoire médiéval (GRHM) und der Pariser Groupe d’anthropologie historique de l’Occident médiéval (GAHOM) ergibt, versammeln sich Beiträge, die zudem auch die (christliche) Antike, Byzanz, die Frühe Neuzeit und sogar das 20. und 21. Jahrhundert in den Blick nehmen. ...
"Das Private ist politisch", lautete ein Slogan, unter welchem die deutsche Frauenbewegung ab 1968 eine Auseinandersetzung mit der etablierten Geschlechterhierarchie einforderte. Und politisch ist das Private auch nach Dagmar Herzog, die mit dem vorliegenden Band einen gelungenen Überblick über die Geschichte der Sexualität in Europa liefert. Seien es Fragen der Empfängnisverhütung, Homosexualität, Pornographie, Vergewaltigung oder der Geschlechtskrankheiten, stets waren die nationalen Regierungen unweigerlich involviert, weil sie nicht umhin kamen, Regelungen zu fixieren und somit Verhaltensmuster vorzugeben oder diesen mit der juristischen Rahmenordnung zu folgen. Das Buch reicht aber weiter, indem es sich auch die Rekonstruktion sexueller Ethiken zum Ziel setzt: Welche Gedanken und Empfindungen waren mit Sexualität verbunden, was löste Ängste aus, was wurde bekämpft? Inwiefern änderte sich die Einstellung der Gesellschaften im Laufe des Jahrhunderts? Denn letztlich ging es immer wieder aufs Neue um die Deutungshoheit, was richtig und was falsch ist. ...
Es ist so eine Sache mit der Gattung der "gesammelten Aufsätze": Sie bieten in praktischer Form thematisch zusammenhängende Beiträge eines Autors, die über einen längeren Zeitraum entstanden und an unterschiedlichen Orten publiziert wurden. Im günstigsten Fall entfalten die Texte durch den unmittelbaren Dialog ein neues Panorama, das die Genese und Ausarbeitung eines Forschungsbereichs widerspiegelt. Stets besteht aber auch die Gefahr, Texte neu zirkulieren zu lassen, deren fruchtbarste Zeit doch in der Vergangenheit liegt. Die Lektüre eines solchen Bandes ist daher nicht nur mit der (Wieder-)Entdeckung alter und neuer Perspektiven und Materialien verbunden, sondern fordert zugleich zur Reflexion über die Gattung selbst auf. Das gilt umso mehr in einer Zeit, in der die Möglichkeit zur Erstellung "virtueller Dossiers" bestünde, die nicht notwendigerweise als gedrucktes Buch vorliegen müssen. ...
Die soziale Rolle der Prostitution kann als Ausgangspunkt dienen, um Rückschlüsse auf den Stand der Geschlechterhierarchie in einer Gesellschaft zu ziehen. In vielen historischen Studien wurde Prostitution als Symbol patriarchalischer Unterdrückung interpretiert; die Stigmatisierung, Kontrolle bzw. Verfolgung von Prostituierten standen stellvertretend für die Ausgrenzung und Unterdrückung von Frauen allgemein. Nach Ansicht von Victoria Harris geriet das Individuum dabei aus dem Blick. Insbesondere in feministischen Studien sei die Geschichte der Prostituierten als eine Geschichte von Opfern aufgeschrieben worden. Diese Sichtweise werde der Komplexität der einzelnen Lebensgeschichten aber nicht gerecht. Nicht die Diskurse um Prostitution will Harris daher erfassen, nicht die Idee oder Bedeutung von Prostitution, sondern das Individuum im gesellschaftlichen Kontext: die Lebenserfahrung der Prostituierten. ...
Nicht allzu häufig wird man in den Schriftverzeichnissen deutscher Althistoriker auf Studien zur Zeitrechnung und zum antiken Kalenderwesen stoßen, wie dies bei Jürgen Malitz der Fall ist. Im Jahr 1987 ist sein viel beachteter Aufsatz zur Kalenderreform Caesars erschienen und jüngst hat er sich unter dem Titel "Die Ordnung der Zeit", wiederum ausgehend von Caesars Reform, verschiedensten Aspekten des antiken Kalenderwesens zugewandt und einen Bogen bis in die Gegenwart gespannt. Dieses Interessengebiet des Geehrten aufgreifend, möchte der vorliegende Beitrag einen wenig erforschten Aspekt dessen beleuchten, wie Zeit in der Antike als ökonomische Ressource begriffen und instrumentalisiert wurde. ...
Malgré des dimensions réduites, l’ouvrage brosse un ample panorama des crises économiques, de l’époque moderne à nos jours. Il s’ouvre par quelques informations sur la connaissance du phénomène, soulignant le rôle pionnier des instituts de conjoncture fondés aux États-Unis et en Allemagne au début du XXe siècle (National Bureau of Economic Research en 1912, Institut für Konjunkturforschung en 1925). Puis il expose les théories interprétatives, de Jean-Baptiste Say à Paul Davidson et Hyman Minsky, insistant sur l’opposition entre celles qui, comme Schumpeter, les jugent inséparables d’une régénération incessante du capitalisme dont elles forment des étapes douloureuses, mais non nécessairement négatives, et celles qui estiment qu’elles ruinent un équilibre qui doit être ensuite rétabli pour des raisons sociales, politiques et économiques. Occupant les chapitres suivants, l’histoire des crises forme le cœur de l’ouvrage. ...
Les tâches d’une sociologie de la culture ne peuvent être définies sans prendre en considération la situation générale de la discipline. La conception dominante veut que la société puisse être définie par son organisation extérieure, par les divisions qui sont partout manifestes dans la vie sociale et qui sont aujourd’hui désignées sommairement comme sa structure. Ce concept de société, nous aurons à le montrer, est davantage le produit de différentes circonstances contingentes qu’il ne se fonde sur une décision de principe ou sur des preuves empiriques. Quoi qu’il en soit, il en résulte, en pratique, que la société est identifiée avec sa structure et que la sociologie, par suite, est réduite à une analyse de cette dernière. Cette conception de la société ne laisse pas de place à la culture comme donnée autonome ; la sociologie de la culture, de ce fait, en est réduite à la portion congrue. ...
Grenzenloser Reichtum und schier unerschöpfliche Geldquellen – diese Träume sind der Stoff, aus dem unzählige Geschichten narratives Kapital schlagen. Der Mythos von König Midas oder die Comics mit Dagobert Duck gehören zu den prominentesten Vertretern solcher Erzählungen. Der Fortunatus hingegen, in dem ein Geld produzierender Zauberbeutel die Geschicke bestimmt, ist weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten. Dabei kann gerade dieser Roman, der 1509 in Augsburg anonym veröffentlicht wurde, in doppelter Hinsicht als ein Pionier der Literaturgeschichte gelten.
The tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) exerts its function by inhibiting protein translation initiation. Specifically, it displaces the scaffold protein eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) from its binding to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). Thereby, Pdcd4 inhibits the helicase activity of eIF4A, which is necessary for the unwinding of highly structured 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often found in oncogenes like c-myc to make them accessible for the translation machinery and subsequent protein production. Overexpression of Pdcd4 inhibits tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo and inversely, Pdcd4 knockout mice show enhanced tumor formation. In line, Pdcd4 is lost in various tumor types and proposed as prognostic factor in colon carcinomas. Unlike most other tumor suppressors that are rendered nonfunctional by mutations (e.g., p53), Pdcd4 loss is not attributable to mutational inactivation. It is regulated via translational repression by microRNAs and increased degradation of the protein under tumor promoting, inflammatory conditions and mitogens. Specifically, proteasomal degradation of Pdcd4 is controlled by p70 S6 Kinase (p70S6K)-mediated phosphorylation in its degron sequence (serines 67, 71 and 76). Stimulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway by growth factors, hormones and cytokines initiates p70S6K activity. Phosphorylated Pdcd4 is subsequently recognized by the E3 ubiquitin ligase beta-transducin repeats-containing protein (β-TrCP) and marked with a polyubiquitin tail to be detected by the 26S proteasome for degradation. β-TrCP represents the substrate specific recognition subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for protein-protein interaction with Pdcd4 as substrate for ubiquitin transfer and subsequent proteasomal disassembly.
The first part of the present work aimed at identifying novel stabilizers of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4 in a high throughput screen (HTS). As assay design, a fragment of Pdcd4 from amino acid 39 to 91, containing the phosphorylation sensitive degron sequence, was fused to a luciferase reporter gene construct. Stable expression of this Pdcd4(39-91)luciferase (Pdcd4(39-91)luc) fusion protein in HEK 293 cells served as read-out for the Pdcd4 protein amount to be detected in a high throughput compatible cell-based assay. Loss of Pdcd4(39-91)luc was induced by treatment with 12-O-
tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a phorbolester, which activates the PI3K signaling cascade leading to degradation of Pdcd4. The cut-off for hit definition was set at >50% activity in rescuing the Pdcd4(39-91)luc signal from TPA-induced degradation. Activity was calculated relative to the difference of DMSO- and TPA-treated cells (ΔDMSO-TPA = RLUDMSO-RLUTPA). Initial screening of a protein kinase inhibitor library (PKI) revealed hit substances expected to show Pdcd4 stabilizing activity by inhibition of kinases involved in Pdcd4 downregulation, e.g., the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 and the PKC inhibitors GF 109203X and Ro 31-8220.
The Molecular Targets Laboratory (MTL) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Frederick, USA, hosts one of the largest collections of crude natural product extracts as well as a big substance libraries from pure synthetic sources. Screening of over 15 000 pure compounds and over 135 000 natural product extracts identified 46 pure and 42 extract hits as Pdcd4 stabilizers. For nine synthetic and six natural product derived compounds (after bioassay-guided fractionation), dose-dependent activities for recovering the TPA-induced Pdcd4(39-91)luc loss defined IC50s in the low micromolar range. Most importantly, these compounds were confirmed to stabilize endogenous Pdcd4 protein levels from forced degradation as well. This result proved the assay design to be highly representative for endogenous cellular mechanisms regulating Pdcd4 protein stability. The next step was to stratify the hit substances according to their likely mechanism of action to be located either up- or downstream of the p70S6K-mediated phosphorylation of Pdcd4. Therefore, phosphorylation of S6, as proto-typical p70S6K target, was analyzed and uncovered two natural derived compounds to influence p70S6K activity. Four substances did not affect p70S6K phosphorylation activity and were therefore considered to stabilize Pdcd4 by acting downstream, i.e. on the β-TrCP-mediated proteasomal degradation.
In the second part of this work, one of these compounds, namely the sesquiterpene lactone erioflorin, isolated by bioassay-guided fraction from the active extract of Eriophyllum lanatum, Asteraceae, was further characterized in detail with respect to its molecular mechanism of action. Erioflorin dose-dependently protected both Pdcd4(39-91)luc and endogenous Pdcd4 protein from TPA-induced degradation with IC50s of 1.28 and 2.64 μM, respectively. Pdcd4 stabilizing activity was maximal at 5 μM erioflorin. Up to this concentration, erioflorin was verified not to inhibit p70S6K activity. In addition, it was observed that erioflorin rescued Pdcd4(39-91)luc from both, wild type and constitutively active p70S6K-mediated downregulation. Only wild type p70S6K was inhibitable by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin which served as an upstream acting control. To study the next section of Pdcd4 regulation, i.e. recognition by the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP, Pdcd4(39-91)luc and endogenous Pdcd4 were immunoprecipitated from whole cell extracts with the corresponding antibodies. In this key experiment, treatment with TPA increased overexpressed β-TrCP binding to both and this coimmunoprecipitation could be strongly reduced by erioflorin treatment. This result strongly pointed to an inhibitory mechanism of the β-TrCP specific binding to Pdcd4 by erioflorin. In addition, erioflorin disrupted the binding of in vitro transcribed/translated β-TrCP to Pdcd4 in an in vitro interaction assay to exclude nonspecific intracellular signals. Furthermore, polyubiquitination of Pdcd4 was decreased by erioflorin treatment as well. To clarify questions regarding specificity of erioflorin for the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP, stability of another important β-TrCP target was explored, i.e. the tumor suppressor inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα). Indeed, the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-mediated loss of IκBα could be prevented by erioflorin cotreatment. On the other hand, the E3 ubiquitin ligase von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL) was left unaffected as its target hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) could not be stabilized from oxygen-dependent degradation by erioflorin treatment. These results argued strongly for erioflorin being a specific inhibitor of β-TrCP-mediated protein degradation. Functional consequences of erioflorin treatment were investigated by observing its influence on the transcriptional activities of the transformation marker activator protein 1 (AP-1, an indirect downstream target of Pdcd4) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB which is directly inhibited by IκBα). Indeed, erioflorin showed significant inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB reporter constructs at 5 μM, a concentration for which an impact on cell viability was excluded. Finally to characterize the significance of erioflorin in a cell-based tumorigenesis assay, the highly invasive colon carcinoma cell line RKO was tested in a two dimensional migration assay. Erioflorin was discovered to significantly lower cell migration in a wound closure assay.
In conclusion, development of a high throughput compatible cell-based reporter assay successfully identified novel substances from pure synthetic and natural product derived background as potent stabilizers of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4. In addition, this work aimed at elucidating the detailed mechanism of action of the sesquiterpene lactone erioflorin from Eriophyllum lanatum, Asteraceae. Erioflorin was discovered to inhibit the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-TrCP, thereby preventing protein degradation of tumor suppressors like Pdcd4 and IκBα. This may offer the possibility to more specifically target protein degradation and generate less adverse side effects by blocking a particular E3 ubiquitin ligase compared to general proteasome inhibition.
Aufgabe dieser Magisterarbeit ist die digitale Visualisierung von literarischen Strukturen digitalisierter Literatur. Textgrundlage bilden ausgewählte Loreley-Gedichte. Nach einer theoretischen Einordnung dieser Arbeit sowie zweier Digitalisierungsprojekte der Literaturwissenschaft (Heinrich-Heine-Portal und Projekt Loreley) sollen im Hauptteil die Möglichkeiten einer grafischen Illustration mit digitalen Mitteln formaler und semantischer Strukturen erörtert und exemplarisch demonstriert werden. Als Auszeichnungssprache zur digitalen Erfassung sowie zur Kodierung der Interpretationen wird die XML-Applikation TEI-Lite verwendet. Die Visualisierung erfolgt mittels XSLT als XHTML und SVG.
Recent fieldwork on North Andros Island by the authors resulted in the collection of six species of Pterophoridae
(Lepidoptera), five of which were previously unrecorded for the Bahamas in published accounts. Three
additional species are noted for the Bahamian fauna based on specimens collected in the 1980s on other islands.
Representative specimens are illustrated from North Andros along with genitalic images for species where these
are not readily available in other publications. In addition, images of the larva and pupa are provided for a reared
species for which the life history was previously unknown.
Snoqualmia, new genus, is described for two species of polydesmid millipeds from the northwestern
United States: Snoqualmia snoqualmie, new species, from Washington State, and S. idaho, new species,
from Idaho. Males of S. idaho possess unusually complex gonopods, perhaps the most complex to be found in the Order
Polydesmida. Snoqualmia is placed in context with other polydesmid genera known from North America. The
polydesmid fauna of North America is discussed, as well as characters of the gonopods of the family.
The first measurement of the fluctuation of the kaon-to-proton ratio in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is presented. This thesis details the analysis procedure for identifying kaons and protons using the NA49 experiment at CERN-SPS and discusses the results in the context of the current state of the field.
1 Editorial ; 2 Increased Disclosure Requirements for the Supervisory Boards of Stock Corporations ; 3 Can Facebook Predict Stock Market Activity? ; 4 Combining Structured and Unstructured Data :Sources for Support in Financial Decision Making ; 5 Liikanen Commission makes proposals for an efficient and sustainable financial system ; 6 INTERVIEW: What Economists Can Learn from Neuroscientists ; 7 News ; 8 Selected Research and Policy Publications
Parallel Banking – Frankfurt Can Bring some Light into the Darkness_3
THOMAS SCHÄFER
Inflation and Growth: New Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis_4
ALEXANDER BICK | STEPHANIE KREMER | DIETER NAUTZ
Who Benefits from Building Insurance Groups?_6
SEBASTIAN SCHLÜTTER | HELMUT GRÜNDL
IT Innovation: Mindfully Resisting the Bandwagon_8
ROMAN BECK | WOLFGANG KÖNIG | IMMANUEL PAHLKE | MARTIN WOLF
“The Part-Time Master in Finance is GBS' Answer to the Bologna Process”_10
UWE WALZ
House of Finance Wins New LOEWE Center_12
0 Home ; 1 Editorial ; 2 Do Information Rents in Loan Spreads Persist over the Business Cycle? ; 3 Regulation of Executive Pay in Germany - Perspectives of Optimal Contracting and Managerial Power ; 4 Linking Customer and Financial Metrics to Shareholder Value ; 5 Policy Platform: Recommendations for the Regulation of Shadow Banking ; 6 INTERVIEW – Lars-Hendrik Röller: "Theory Needs to Address the Right Kind of Policy Questions" ; 7 News ; 8 Selected Research and Policy Publications
Wie sah die neue Erzählstrategie aus, die Ret Marut entwickelt hat, seitdem er in Mexiko saß und sich Traven nannte? Welchen neuen Pakt mit den Lesern bot er an und schloss er faktisch für die Dauer seiner weiteren Produktion? [...] Er suchte (um es erst einmal pauschal zusammenzuraffen) von den Erfahrungen seiner neuen Existenz aus, mit Zuhilfenahme sozialer Imagination, ein verlässliches Kontinuum von Situationen zu schaffen, das ein Publikum fesselnd unterhalten und dabei noch anschaulich politisch belehren konnte. Die Tradition der Abenteuerstory aus fremden Weltteilen bot ihm dazu ein hin-reichend ausbaufähiges Muster. Geeignet für seine Zwecke wurde dieses Muster aber erst dadurch, dass er es gegen den Strich bürstet: Er reduziert die Exotik auf solche Merkwürdigkeiten, die die tatsächliche (etwa tropische oder maritime) Besonderheit einer fremden Welt unterstreichen (mit kleinen Übertreibungen). Er versetzt keine Helden: keine besonders starken, mutigen oder edelmütigen Wesen dort hinein, sondern x-beliebige Menschen. Und er konzentriert das Abenteuerliche auf das wirkliche Abenteuer, sich in kapitalistisch organisierten Arbeitsverhältnissen durchzuschlagen und dabei, so gut es geht, Mensch zu bleiben.
Dieses eigenständige Schreibziel, das Traven mit nur wenigen Abenteuerschriftstellern sowie mit Upton Sinclair und Egon Erwin Kisch teilt, machte ein ganzes Bündel von Änderungen an dem gut eingeführten und nach wie vor vitalen Genre der abenteuerlichen Geschichte erforderlich. Die Lebensstellung und die Haltung des Helden, die Seriosität des Erzählers, der keine Lust hat zu diktieren oder geheimes Wissen, geschweige denn Allwissenheit vorzuflunkern, die Lockerheit oder Straffheit des Handlungsfadens mussten ebenso neu konzipiert werden wie der Umgang mit den auf die Pelle rückenden, aber notwendig zu bändigenden Gegebenheiten des Dschungels und der Prärie und mit der Vielfalt von Unterhaltsmöglichkeiten, die alle nach dem eintönigen ökonomischen Muster der Ausbeutung gestrickt waren. Um die tragenden Pfeiler dieser narratologischen Poetik zu untersuchen, die im Wesentlichen von den frühen vier oder fünf Romanen des neuen Erzählgestirns Traven bis zu seinem 'Caoba'-Zyklus vorhielt (von 1925 bis 1940), halte ich mich an den Roman 'Der Wobbly' (1926), der als 'Die Baumwollpflücker' (von 1928 an) berühmt wurde. Da jeder Roman Travens als selbständige Einheit für sich konzipiert ist, gelten meine Ausführungen streng genommen nur für diesen einen Roman. Immerhin liefert er, den Traven vermutlich als ersten ausgearbeitet hat, wichtige Vorentscheidungen für das ganze neugestaltete Genre und ein Kaleidoskop von Erzähl-künsten, die der Autor weiterhin eingesetzt hat.
Wie kommen Begriffe in die Welt? Auf diese Frage gibt es mehr als eine Antwort; eine davon aber verweist mit Sicherheit auf die akademische Welt. Ständig mit (vermeintlich) neuartigen Sachverhalten konfrontiert, erfindet diese unermüdlich neue Benennungen, um die zu analysierenden Phänomene beschreib- und fassbar zu machen. Dabei hat sich im Laufe der Zeit ein noch immer nicht abgeschlossener Katalog an Fachwörtern angesammelt. Dieser mag den Eindruck erwecken, die wissenschaftliche Begriffsbildung sei nur in den seltensten Fällen um besonders poetische oder eingängige Fachbegriffe bemüht. Doch es gibt eine unliebsame Verwandte der Wissenschaft, die Neologismen sehr zugetan ist, und deren sprachliche Welt von einem Hauch von Poesie belebt wird, die Science-Fiction. Sie steht zwischen Forschung und Fiktion, übernimmt Termini aus der Wissenschaftssprache, verfremdet sie, kombiniert sie neu, und trägt zu ihrer Popularisierung bei. Auch der Begriff "Klon" ist in diesem Kontext zu verorten, allerdings weicht er in seiner Charakteristik und Entwicklung von anderen Fachtermini ab. Gerade seine Besonderheiten machen ihn aber für die begriffsgeschichtliche Arbeit so interessant. Wie die Wissenschaftshistorikerin Christina Brandt zeigt, muss der "Klon" als "hybride Konstellation" historisch unterschiedlich gelagerter Bedeutungsebenen verstanden werden, in der die biowissenschaftliche Definition und wesentlich ältere religiöse, naturphilosophische Denkfiguren und kulturhistorische Narrative zueinander in Spannung geraten sind. Auch dieser Beitrag skizziert den "Klon" als einen Begriff, der in verschiedenen Diskursen und Disziplinen verortet ist und auf der Grundlage kulturhistorisch wesentlich älterer Narrative und Denkfiguren neue Bedeutungen generiert. Das nicht enden wollende Hin und Her um seine Auslegung und Verwendung kann aber auch als Hinweis auf bestimmte irrationale Elemente gelesen werden, die in diesem Streit um die Deutungshoheit eine Rolle zu spielen scheinen. So lässt sich nicht leugnen, dass von bestimmten Begriffen eine besondere Faszination ausgeht. Dies wird vor allem deutlich, wenn ein wissenschaftlicher Begriff in den allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch übergeht. Die Transferbewegung des "Klons" in den öffentlichenRaum der Alltagssprache ist – dies gilt es zu zeigen – zweifellos auch, wenn nicht gar in entscheidendem Maße, den meist äußerst phantasievollen visuellen Eindrücken zu verdanken, die in der populären Vorstellung an den Begriff gekoppelt wurden. Denn es sind vor allem Bilder, die eine unwiderstehliche Anziehungskraft ausüben, die Imagination beflügeln und vermeintlich leere Begriffe in einem einzigen Augenblick mit neuem Inhalt füllen. Im Unterschied zu bisherigen begriffsgeschichtlichen Arbeiten soll deshalb hier das Augenmerk auf dem Moment der Faszination und auf dem Visuellen liegen, um so die Korrespondenz historischer Denkfiguren, Mythen und Narrative zu ikonischen Semantiken und visuellen Bildkomplexen aufzuzeigen.
Studia Austriaca ; 13.2005
(2012)
Grazie all’accordo concluso con il Console Mario Erschen nel 1994, e rinnovato con la Dr. Stella Avallone nel 2003, anche questo nuovo volume di Studia austriaca esce per iniziativa congiunta del Forum Austriaco di Cultura (già Istituto Austriaco di Cultura) a Milano e della Sezione di Germanistica (già Istituto di Germanistica) del Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici, Letterari e Filologici (DI.LI.LE.FI) dell’Università degli Studi di Milano.
Stakeholder dialogues can be used not only to introduce and discuss the various demands of the participants. Under certain circumstances they can also serve to smoothen out and solve conflicts that arise in connection with the use and conservation of biodiversity. In order to be successful in this respect, it is crucial to create a situation enabling a process of joint learning. A positive effect might also be achieved by the formation of groups that evolve in the course of a succession of workshops as well as speeches and special items on the agenda. In order for the workshops to be successful, they should be supported by frequent stakeholder analyses. In this guideline we are listing related principles and indications from the literature as well as our own experiences geared towards jointly solving biodiversity conflicts and creating islands of consensus.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the state of macroeconomic modeling and the use of macroeconomic models in policy analysis has come under heavy criticism. Macroeconomists in academia and policy institutions have been blamed for relying too much on a particular class of macroeconomic models. This paper proposes a comparative approach to macroeconomic policy analysis that is open to competing modeling paradigms. Macroeconomic model comparison projects have helped produce some very influential insights such as the Taylor rule. However, they have been infrequent and costly, because they require the input of many teams of researchers and multiple meetings to obtain a limited set of comparative findings. This paper provides a new approach that enables individual researchers to conduct model comparisons easily, frequently, at low cost and on a large scale. Using this approach a model archive is built that includes many well-known empirically estimated models that may be used for quantitative analysis of monetary and fiscal stabilization policies. A computational platform is created that allows straightforward comparisons of models’ implications. Its application is illustrated by comparing different monetary and fiscal policies across selected models. Researchers can easily include new models in the data base and compare the effects of novel extensions to established benchmarks thereby fostering a comparative instead of insular approach to model development.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the state of macroeconomicmodeling and the use of macroeconomic models in policy analysis has come under heavy criticism. Macroeconomists in academia and policy institutions have been blamed for relying too much on a particular class of macroeconomic models. This paper proposes a comparative approach to macroeconomic policy analysis that is open to competing modeling paradigms. Macroeconomic model comparison projects have helped produce some very influential insights such as the Taylor rule. However, they have been infrequent and costly, because they require the input of many teams of researchers and multiple meetings to obtain a limited set of comparative findings. This paper provides a new approach that enables individual researchers to conduct model comparisons easily, frequently, at low cost and on a large scale. Using this approach a model archive is built that includes many well-known empirically estimated models that may be used for quantitative analysis of monetary and fiscal stabilization policies. A computational platform is created that allows straightforward comparisons of models’ implications. Its application is illustrated by comparing different monetary and fiscal policies across selected models. Researchers can easily include new models in the data base and compare the effects of novel extensions to established benchmarks thereby fostering a comparative instead of insular approach to model development
Ausdruck kann in seiner Gegebenheitsweise als äußere Erscheinung, als Performanz nicht ohne die Beziehung auf ein mögliches Subjekt gedacht werden, dem der Ausdruck als Ausdruck erscheint, und zwar vermittels des Eindrucks, den er auf es macht. Doch nicht nur auf seinen Adressaten bzw. Rezipienten wird der Ausdruck bezogen, sondern auch auf seine Herkunft, seine verursachende Instanz, sei es ein individuelles Subjekt oder eine komplexe Situation. Dabei ist es für die Analyse der Erscheinung von Ausdruck entscheidend, dass der Konstituierung des Ausgedrückten nicht nur subjektive und objektive, sondern auch intersubjektive, vermittelnde, mediale Bedingungen zugrunde liegen, wie sich in der historischen Bestimmtheit von Ausdrucksphänomenen, in ihrer epochen-, kultur- und medienspezifischen Ausprägung zeigt. Besonders deutlich wird dies in geschichtlichen Umbruchphasen, wenn die Rahmenvorgaben sozialer, sprachlicher, technologischer Art sich wandeln und neue Standards des Wissens und Handelns setzen. Deshalb stellen sich mit dem Ausdrucksverstehen nicht nur Deutungsfragen, die sich um das Verständnis einzelner gegebener Ausdrücke bemühen; vielmehr müssen die sich wandelnden Bedingungen von Ausdruckskonstitution und –rezeption eigens in den Blick genommen werden, um das veränderte Verständnis von Ausdrucksphänomenen und das mit ihnen entsprechend sich ändernde gesellschaftliche und individuelle Verhalten zu analysieren.
Anhand von fünf Schritten sei dieser Zusammenhang [...] entfaltet. Zunächst werden medien- und begriffsgeschichtliche Umbrüche in Bezug auf das Verständnis von 'Ausdruck' skizziert, um dann in wissenssoziologischer Perspektive 'Ausdruck' als stillschweigend vorausgesetztes Konstituens des Sozialen zu erläutern. In welcher Weise 'Ausdruck' als immer auch medial bestimmte Kategorie der Geistesgeschichte (mit Blumenberg über Leibniz) konzipiert wurde, führt schließlich zur wissensgeschichtlichen Verortung des Lessingschen Ausdrucksbegriffs sowie zur Diskussion der Ausdrucksmöglichkeiten von Kunstgattungen, wie Lessings Laokoon sie in ihrer Medienspezifik begreifbar macht.
Der Sakramentalen Repräsentation und ihren Diskursen ist zu eigen, dass die (Un-)Möglichkeit von Repräsentation, ihre Paradoxe und ihr Scheitern genauso verhandelt werden wie ihre Überdeterminiertheit und Übersteigerung. In den sakramentalen Zeichenoperationen ist es der Begriff der Repräsentation selbst, der immer wieder auf dem Prüfstand steht. Gerade im Fall der Bilder wird eine anschauliche und materielle Wirklichkeit geschaffen, in der es zwar eine Referenzbeziehung zu etwas Abwesendem gibt, die aber von dem Moment ihrer Erschaffung selbst durch eine ganz eigene dingliche Existenz und substantielle Dynamik in Handlungszusammenhängen gekennzeichnet und somit nicht auf die Beziehung zu dem Signifikat bzw. Referenten des Bildes zu reduzieren ist. Dies gilt auch für die Eigenmaterialität und den Eigenwert der Farbe des Bildes, deren Substanz nicht von ungefähr gerade zu dargestellten liquiden Stoffen in ein besonderes Spannungsverhältnis treten kann.
Der Begriff der 'Ausdrucksästhetik' entstammt nicht dem 18. Jahrhundert, das selbst nur die beiden Elemente des Kompositums, also 'Ausdruck' und 'Ästhetik' hervorbrachte. Die Genese des Begriffs ist in der Forschung bislang noch nicht aufgearbeitet worden. Das ist paradox, weil es der zentralen Bedeutung des Konzepts für die Ästhetikgeschichtsschreibung der Aufklärung entgegen läuft. 'Ausdrucksästhetik' scheint im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch eines jener Begriffsphantome zu sein, die zwar ständig benutzt, aber kaum je eingehender bestimmt worden sind.
Der Terminus Ausdruck entwickelt sich (ebenso wie l'espressione, the expression, l'expression) zwischen 1700 und 1850 schrittweise zu jenem anthropologisch, künstlerisch und naturwissenschaftlich besetzten Begriffsfeld, dessen epistemischer Höhepunkt erst im späten 19. und in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts erreicht wird. Gerade den praktischen und diskursiven Veränderungen der verschiedenen Ausdruckskulturen während dieser mindestens eineinhalb Jahrhunderte umfassenden Formationszeit des Begriffs soll diese Zusammenstellung von insgesamt zehn Aufsätzen im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Gedankenaustausches zwischen Kunst-, Musik- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie Philosophie-, Wissenschafts- und Kulturgeschichte nachgehen.
We introduce a new measure of systemic risk, the change in the conditional joint probability of default, which assesses the effects of the interdependence in the financial system on the general default risk of sovereign debtors. We apply our measure to examine the fragility of the European financial system during the ongoing sovereign debt crisis. Our analysis documents an increase in systemic risk contributions in the euro area during the post-Lehman global recession and especially after the beginning of the euro area sovereign debt crisis. We also find a considerable potential for cascade effects from small to large euro area sovereigns. When we investigate the effect of sovereign default on the European Union banking system, we find that bigger banks, banks with riskier activities, with poor asset quality, and funding and liquidity constraints tend to be more vulnerable to a sovereign default. Surprisingly, an increase in leverage does not seem to influence systemic vulnerability.
We outline a procedure for consistent estimation of marginal and joint default risk in the euro area financial system. We interpret the latter risk as the intrinsic financial system fragility and derive several systemic fragility indicators for euro area banks and sovereigns, based on CDS prices. Our analysis documents that although the fragility of the euro area banking system had started to deteriorate before Lehman Brothers' file for bankruptcy, investors did not expect the crisis to affect euro area sovereigns' solvency until September 2008. Since then, and especially after November 2009, joint sovereign default risk has outpaced the rise of systemic risk within the banking system.
Sprechen über Emotionen und Gefühle: neurobiologisch und alltagssprachlich - Das Beispiel "Angst"
(2012)
A careful analysis of the magneto-transport properties of epitaxial nanostructured Nb thin films in the normal and the mixed state is performed. The nanopatterns were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. They provide a washboard-like pinning potential landscape for vortices in the mixed state and simultaneously cause a resistivity anisotropy in the normal state. Two matching magnetic fields for the vortex lattice with the underlying nanostructures have been observed. By applying these fields, the most likely pinning sites along which the flux lines move through the samples have been selected. By this, either the background isotropic pinning of the pristine film or the enhanced isotropic pinning originating from the nanoprocessing have been probed. Via an Arrhenius analysis of the resistivity data the pinning activation energies for three vortex lattice parameters have been quantified. The changes in the electrical transport and the pinning properties have been correlated with the results of the microstructural and topographical characterization of the FIB-patterned samples. Accordingly, along with the surface processing, FIB milling has been found to alter the material composition and the degree of disorder in as-grown films. The obtained results provide further insight into the pinning mechanisms at work in FIB-nanopatterned superconductors, e.g. for fluxonic applications.
A. Einleitung
B. Die Rechtsgrundlagen der Compliance in Aktiengesellschaft und Aktienkonzern
I. Normierung der Compliance im Bank- und Versicherungsaufsichtsrecht
II. Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex
III. Bestandteil des aktienrechtlichen Früherkennungssystems
IV. Organisationspflichten des Vorstands im Innenverhältnis
1. Legalitätspflicht
2. Legalitätskontrollpflicht
a. Residualpflichten bei vertikaler Delegation
b. Schadenabwendungspflicht
3. Zwischenergebnis
V. Organisationspflichten der Gesellschaft im Außenverhältnis
1. Aufsichtsmaßnahmen nach § 130 OWiG
a. Aufsichtsmaßnahmen
b. Begrenzte Reichweite
c. Geltung im Konzern
2. Haftung für Verrichtungsgehilfen nach § 831 BGB
a. Pflichtenumfang
aa. Eignungsaufsicht
bb. Einweisung und Anleitung
b. Begrenzte Reichweite
aa. Dezentralisierter Entlastungsbeweis
bb. Pointilistisches Konzept
c. Geltung im Konzern
3. Betriebliche Organisationspflichten gemäß § 823 BGB
a. Inhalt
b. Entstehung durch Delegation von Verkehrspflichten
c. Entstehung durch Arbeitsteilung d. Geltung im Konzern
aa. Delegation von Verkehrspflichten
bb. Ausgliederung einer gefährlichen Tätigkeit
cc. Verkehrspflicht aus Arbeitsteilung
C. Schluss
At the beginning of the 1970s, the literature in German language from Romania went through a radical process of change that transformed a largely epigonic and obedient literature into a dynamic, original and subversive one. The following paper analyses the context, the causes, and the mechanisms of this innovative period.
Wenn man an die Stelle des Titels "Georg Büchner und seine Zeit" "Georg Büchner in seiner Zeit" setzt, hat man den Unterschied der Lebenszeit Büchners (1813-1837) und seiner Wirkung über einen umfassenderen Zeitraum im Blick. Diese doppelte Perspektive versucht der Essay durchzuhalten: Er fragt zunächst, wie es möglich wurde, dass ein junger Mann, der mit 24 Jahren starb, nicht nur als Schriftsteller, sondern auch als Wissenschaftler und Revolutionär eine herausragende Rolle spielen konnte. Anschließend werden zwei avantgardistische Alternativen zu den von Büchner gewählten Dramenstoffen Danton und Woyzeck fiktiv vorgeführt.
The motif of the „sun wedding“, which has its origin in ancient mythology, can also be found in the Romanian folk ballad The sun and the moon, where the action takes place around the conflict with etiological meaning of the love between brother and sister. So, the ballad tries to explain some natural phenomena and tries to answer the question, why the sun never meets the moon in its way across the sky. Masterpiece of Romanian folk poetry, the ballad of the sun wedding with the moon raised the interest of German translators, who proved the size of their talent by translating the ballad in German and by popularizing it among the German readers in the country and abroad. The present study analyses the variants of translation of five authors in different centuries (the 19th and the 20th century) and aims to highlight the difficulties, the solutions and the takeovers of the time, as a result of the authors’ wish to translate the original text as accurately as possible and as close as possible to the spirit of the Romanian folk poetry.
This article deals with the difficulty of translating institution names. The translation of institution names from one language into another plays an important role at the translation of official documents. Institution names are stronger conventionalised than other proper names, because the judicial system is determined by the appropriate public institutions. The names of institutions arose in each speech community related to the judicial tradition and the legal history, which must be taken into account at translating them from one language into another and thus from one legal system into another. This article points out the difficulties that arise at different levels when translating institution names, it presents the advantages and disadvantages of the solutions offered so far in the specialized literature and proposes a surrogate solution.
This paper discusses and analyses the importance of oral history in offering a true image of reality. Referring to the tragic destiny of the German ethnic group in Romania after the second world war – their deportation in the Soviet Union – it presents an excerpt of the narration of contemporary witnesses.
The present study researches the literary materializations of the Heimat visions as they emerge from Herta Müller’s Atemschaukel and Aglaja Veteranyi’s Warum das Kind in der Polenta kocht. The Heimat concepts are narratologically constructed both as Erinnerungsräume and as imaginary geographies. Usage of these notions will be made according to the definitions of Aleida Assmann respectively Doris Bachmann-Medick. Heimat is seen as a space from the past, which is projected with the force of the memories in the present having an imaginary geography, that can be articulated on three aspects associated with this concept: shelter, food and possessions.
This study indicates research areas from the perspective of the German and Romanian language phraseology, areas that are exemplified within the phraseosemantic field of „communication”. The analysis of the current state of research indicates the partial or complete lack of preoccupation, on the one hand, with the metaphorization process and the predominance of the conceptual metaphors in the two languages or the dominance of some components and their analysis from a cultural-specific point of view, and, on the other hand, with the systematization of morphosyntactic or semantic restrictions.
Fascinated by the exotic India, Mircea Eliade decided to explore closely the culture and its subtleties. In 1929 he received a scholarship for five years to study the culture and religions of India under the guidance of the illustrious scholar Surendranah Dasgupta. During the time spent in the master‘s house, Eliade gets to know his daughter Maitreyi, whom he falls in love with and they will experience a beautiful and exciting love affair. This relationship will subsequently be the subject of the novel with the same name. Unique case in the history of world literature, the novel Maitreyi will receive a reply over the years, still under the form of a fascinating narration, whose author is the main character Maitreyi Devi herself. It Does Not Die (Love never dies, in Romanian translation; Die Liebe stirbt nicht, in German translation) will become the platform that will host the narrative duel of Eliade the author become character, and Maitreyi Devi, the character, who became author. In our analytical approach we tried to render the ways in which this intercultural dialogue at a distance was perceived in the German linguistic area.
The aim of the present paper is to describe the geographic diffusion of the family name Pfaff in Germany, starting from the telephone directory of 2005 and retracing the historic linguistic phenomena that led to the formation of this name. Pfaff (mhd. phaffe, md. paffe, nd. pape, southern German Pfaffe “priest” or “churchman”) is explained both as an agnomen and as the name of a profession. Our map represents an addition to the maps that have already appeared in dtv – Atlas Namenkunde (1999), Duden-Familiennamen (2005) and Deutscher Familiennamenatlas (2011), for it additionally and thoroughly renders not? only the geographic diffusion of the family name Pfaff in Germany but also in Transylvania, where the name also exists. [this surname also exists in Transylvania]. The type Pfaff (5056 telephone addresses) is spread all over Germany, but we notice two areas of high frequency: one, according to our expectations, in the southern part of the Benrath Line and on the right of the Germersheim Line, but also on the left of the latter, especially in the rectangle Koblenz – Kassel – Hof – Frankfurt and also in south-western Germany (in Schwarzwald –The Black Forest). The northern version Pape, approximately twice more frequent than Pfaff(e), did not adapt to standard German, due to the negative connotations of the appellative Pfaffe, Pfaffen, which appeared at the same time as the Church Reform in the 16th century. In some places in Transylvania, the surname Pfaff was replaced with the version Prediger. The appellative Pfaffe and the family name Pfaff (in the Saxon language – the Romanian “limba sãseascã”: faf, pfaf ) contributed to the formation of different rural toponyms in Transylvania. The surname Pfaff is spread not only in the German linguistic space, but also in areas where ethnic Germans live (France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, Poland, Romania, USA, Canada, Argentina). In Romania, there are very few Pfaff surnames in telephone books for the 2008-2009 period, due to the massive migration of the German ethnics to Germany after 1990.
The present interview is rooted in the diverse aspects of interculturalism and of Romanian-German literary convergence – landmarks of both the works of fiction and non-fiction of the German author hailing from Sibiu. Special emphasis is placed upon the collection of essays Einen Halt suchen (En. In search of stability) and upon its translations from the Romanian into German, the main scope of the interview being to highlight the author’s opinions about the aforementioned aspects.
This study intends to analyze the barely known literary personality of Carmen Sylva, the first Romanian queen. Since Carmen Sylva was a German-born princess, yet lived almost her entire life in the Romanian cultural environment, the main point of this paper is to analyze the idea of writing while being split between two different cultures. Carmen Sylva’s self-assumed role of cultural mediator is in this respect obvisouly worth mentioning. However the main question of this study lies not necessarily in the role, but rather in the place of this writer with two homelands. Did she indeed manage to become a cultural mediator or was she her entire life nothing more than an outsider?
The current article deals with the feedback issue in the study of foreign languages, both from the perspective of traditional learning, as well as from the perspective of computer assisted learning. The possibilities and limits, advantages and disadvantages of each case are presented and compared, and the new demands and opportunities on the educational - and job market are being mentioned.
Translation exercises have always played an important role in teaching/learning foreign languages, ever since the Grammar-Translation method was developed. However, with the emergence of the communicative language teaching in the 70s which focussed on communicative competence as the ultimate goal of language learning, they were considered to be obsolete and inefficient. The present article suggests that the utility of translation – not only where teaching foreign languages is concerned, but also within the field of German studies – should be reassessed, showing that both ”pedagogical” as well as ”communicative” translation can support and improve the study of German language, literature and culture, increase students‘ awareness of both German language and their mother tongue and furthermore contribute to the enrichment of their general knowledge.
The title compound, C37H67NO13·2C2H6OS·1.43H2O, is a macrolide antibiotic with better solubility and better dermal penetration abilities than erythromycin A itself. The asymmetric unit of this form contains one erythromycin A molecule, two dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent molecules, a fully occupied water molecule and a partially occupied water molecule with an occupancy factor of 0.432 (11). The 14-membered ring of the erythronolide fragment has a conformation which differs considerably from that in erythromycin A dihydrate [Stephenson, Stowell, Toma, Pfeiffer & Byrn (1997[Stephenson, G. A., Stowell, J. G., Toma, P. H., Pfeiffer, R. R. & Byrn, S. R. (1997). J. Pharm. Sci. 86, 1239-1244.]). J. Pharm. Sci. 86, 1239–1244]. One of the two DMSO molecules is disordered over two orientations; the orientation depends on the presence or absence of the second, partially occupied, water molecule. In the crystal, erythromycin molecules are connected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxy groups and the fully occupied water molecule to form layers parallel to (010). These layers are connected along the b-axis direction only by a possible hydrogen-bonding contact involving the partially occupied water molecule.
Welcome to Issue 83 of Australasian
Arachnology. I’d like to begin this editorial by
once again noting the steady stream of new
members who are joining the society, and
observing (as always) the exemplary recent
research outputs in the Australasian region. The
Australasian arachnological community continues
to maintain a strong interest in our
remarkable arachnid fauna, and continues to
promote arachnology throughout the region.
This is by no means a straightforward task,
given the negative public perceptions that often
accompany our eight-legged friends, and given
the sometimes challenging research funding
environment for taxonomic and biodiversity
research. Certainly, having watched the society
grow over the last twenty years, and having
seen perceptions of the Australasian fauna
change during that time, it is both reassuring
and exciting to look ahead. With unparalleled
population growth throughout the region and
the world, and unprecedented pressures on our
natural landscapes, habitats and remaining
natural biomes, it is critical that arachnids (and
indeed all invertebrates) continue to receive the
growing recognition they deserve among
ecologists, conservation biologists, legislators
and the public at large. The 10th Invertebrate
Biodiversity and Conservation Conference in
Melbourne in December 2011 confirmed just
how active research in this field is, and there is
no doubt that Australasian arachnids will
continue to be the focus of much positive
attention over the next few years.
Welcome to Issue 84 of Australasian Arachnology. I’d like to begin this editorial by first making special mention of the late Doug Wallace OAM (1923-2012), who passed away in June this year. Doug was a founding member of the Australasian Arachnological Society, and would be further known to many as the founder and President of the long-running Rockhampton Arachnological Society. Robert Raven and I have written a small notice re. Doug’s passing in the General Announcements section (below), and Robert will contribute a full obituary for Doug in the following issue of the newsletter. Vale Doug – you will be sorely missed.
Reconocimiento versus ethos
(2012)
El filósofo mexicano Bolívar Echeverría distingue cuatro ethe de la modernidad capitalista, entre ellos: el realista, hoy dominante, es el de la claridad; el barroco, es el de contradicciones, de doblesentidos. Según la teoría hegeliana del reconocimiento (Honneth/Habermas), la convivencia racional entre culturas sólo es posible dentro del ethos realista. Se parte del a priori dudoso de la posibilidad del reconocimiento dentro de la sociedad burguesa (entendiendo al racismo como algo accidental y no estructural). El ethos barroco, que existe en América Latina, implica la posibilidad de convivir con el otro sin reconocerlo en términos hegelianos, abriendo vías al mestizaje cultural. La falta de claridad de este ethos es la base de cierta convivencia intercultural bajo su actual imposibilidad estructural.
We develop a dynamic network model with heterogenous banks which undertake optimizing portfolio decisions subject to liquidity and capital constraints and trade in the interbank market whose equilibrium is governed by a tatonnement process. Due to the micro-funded structure of the decisional process as well as the iterative dynamic adjustment taking place in the market, the links in the network structures are endogenous and evolve dynamically. We use the model to assess the diffusion of systemic risk, the contribution of each bank to it as well as the evolution of the network in response to financial shocks and across different prudential policy regimes.
This paper presents a theory that explains why it is beneficial for banks to engage in circular lending activities on the interbank market. Using a simple network structure, it shows that if there is a non-zero bailout probability, banks can significantly increase the expected repayment of uninsured creditors by entering into cyclical liabilities on the interbank market before investing in loan portfolios. Therefore, banks are better able to attract funds from uninsured creditors. Our results show that implicit government guarantees incentivize banks to have large interbank exposures, to be highly interconnected, and to invest in highly correlated, risky portfolios. This can serve as an explanation for the observed high interconnectedness between banks and their investment behavior in the run-up to the subprime mortgage crisis.
This paper outlines relatively easy to implement reforms for the supervision of transnational banking-groups in the E.U. that should not be primarily based on legal form but on the actual risk structures of the pertinent financial institutions. The proposal also aims at paying close attention to the economics of public administration and international relations in allocating competences among national and supranational supervisory bodies. Before detailing the own proposition, this paper looks into the relationship between sovereign debt and banking crises that drive regulatory reactions to the financial turmoil in the Euro area. These initiatives inter alia affirm effective prudential supervision as a pivotal element of crisis prevention. In order to arrive at a more informed idea, which determinants apart from a perceived appetite for regulatory arbitrage drive banks’ organizational choices, this paper scrutinizes the merits of either a branch or subsidiary structure for the cross-border business of financial institutions. In doing so, it also considers the policy-makers perspective. The analysis shows that no one size fits all organizational structure is available and concludes that banks’ choices should generally not be second-guessed, particularly because they are subject to (some) market discipline. The analysis proceeds with describing and evaluating how competences in prudential supervision are currently allocated among national and supranational supervisory authorities. In order to assess the findings the appraisal adopts insights form the economics of public administration and international relations. It argues that the supervisory architecture has to be more aligned with bureaucrats’ incentives and that inefficient requirements to cooperate and share information should be reduced. Contrary to a widespread perception, shifting responsibility to a supranational authority cannot solve all the problems identified. Resting on these foundations, the last part of this paper finally sketches an alternative solution that dwells on far-reaching mutual recognition of national supervisory regimes and allocates competences in line with supervisors’ incentives and the risk inherent in crossborder banking groups.
Motivated by the U.S. events of the 2000s, we address whether a too low for too long interest rate policy may generate a boom-bust cycle. We simulate anticipated and unanticipated monetary policies in state-of-the-art DSGE models and in a model with bond financing via a shadow banking system, in which the bond spread is calibrated for normal and optimistic times. Our results suggest that the U.S. boom-bust was caused by the combination of (i) too low for too long interest rates, (ii) excessive optimism and (iii) a failure of agents to anticipate the extent of the abnormally favorable conditions.
This paper investigates the accuracy of point and density forecasts of four DSGE models for inflation, output growth and the federal funds rate. Model parameters are estimated and forecasts are derived successively from historical U.S. data vintages synchronized with the Fed’s Greenbook projections. Point forecasts of some models are of similar accuracy as the forecasts of nonstructural large dataset methods. Despite their common underlying New Keynesian modeling philosophy, forecasts of different DSGE models turn out to be quite distinct. Weighted forecasts are more precise than forecasts from individual models. The accuracy of a simple average of DSGE model forecasts is comparable to Greenbook projections for medium term horizons. Comparing density forecasts of DSGE models with the actual distribution of observations shows that the models overestimate uncertainty around point forecasts.
In this paper, I introduce lumpy micro-level capital adjustment into a sticky information general equilibrium model. Lumpy adjustment arises because of inattentiveness in capital investment decisions instead of the more common assumption of non-convex adjustment costs. The model features inattentiveness as the only source of stickiness. I find that the model with lumpy investment yields business cycle dynamics which differ substantially from those of an otherwise identical model with frictionless investment and are much more consistent with the empirical evidence. These results therefore strengthen the case in favour of the relevance of microeconomic investment lumpiness for the business cycle.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis and great recession, many countries face substantial deficits and growing debts. In the United States, federal government outlays as a ratio to GDP rose substantially from about 19.5 percent before the crisis to over 24 percent after the crisis. In this paper we consider a fiscal consolidation strategy that brings the budget to balance by gradually reducing this spending ratio over time to the level that prevailed prior to the crisis. A crucial issue is the impact of such a consolidation strategy on the economy. We use structural macroeconomic models to estimate this impact focussing primarily on a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with price and wage rigidities and adjustment costs. We separate out the impact of reductions in government purchases and transfers, and we allow for a reduction in both distortionary taxes and government debt relative to the baseline of no consolidation. According to the model simulations GDP rises in the short run upon announcement and implementation of this fiscal consolidation strategy and remains higher than the baseline in the long run. We explore the role of the mix of expenditure cuts and tax reductions as well as gradualism in achieving this policy outcome. Finally, we conduct sensitivity studies regarding the type of model used and its parameterization.
The complexity resulting from intertwined uncertainties regarding model misspecification and mismeasurement of the state of the economy defines the monetary policy landscape. Using the euro area as laboratory this paper explores the design of robust policy guides aiming to maintain stability in the economy while recognizing this complexity. We document substantial output gap mismeasurement and make use of a new model data base to capture the evolution of model specification. A simple interest rate rule is employed to interpret ECB policy since 1999. An evaluation of alternative policy rules across 11 models of the euro area confirms the fragility of policy analysis optimized for any specific model and shows the merits of model averaging in policy design. Interestingly, a simple difference rule with the same coefficients on inflation and output growth as the one used to interpret ECB policy is quite robust as long as it responds to current outcomes of these variables.
We examine both the degree and the structural stability of inflation persis tence at different quantiles of the conditional inflation distribution. Previous research focused exclusively on persistence at the conditional mean of the inflation rate. Economic theory, however, provides various reasons -for example downward wage rigidities or menu costs- to expect higher inflation persistence at the upper than at the lower tail of the conditional inflation distribution.
Based on post-war US data we indeed find slower mean reversion in response to positive than to negative shocks. We find robust evidence for a structural break in persistence at all quantiles of the inflation process in the early 1980s. Inflation persistence has decreased and become more homogeneous across quantiles. Persistence at the conditional mean became more informative about the degree of persistence across the entire conditional inflation distribution. While prior to the 1980s inflation was not mean reverting in response to large positive shocks, our evidence strongly suggests that since the end of the Volcker disinflation the unit root can be rejected at every quantile including the upper tail of the conditional inflation distribution.
The withdrawal of foreign capital from emerging countries at the height of the recent financial crisis and its quick return sparked a debate about the impact of capital flow surges on asset markets. This paper addresses the response of property prices to an inflow of foreign capital. For that purpose we estimate a panel VAR on a set of Asian emerging market economies, for which the waves of inflows were particularly pronounced, and identify capital inflow shocks based on sign restrictions. Our results suggest that capital inflow shocks have a significant effect on the appreciation of house prices and equity prices. Capital inflow shocks account for - roughly - twice the portion of overall house price changes they explain in OECD countries. We also address crosscountry differences in the house price responses to shocks, which are most likely due to differences in the monetary policy response to capital inflows.
Technologies carry politics since they embed values. It is therefore surprising that mainstream political and legal theory have taken the issue so lightly. Compared to what has been going on over the past few decades in the other branches of practical thought, namely ethics, economics and the law, political theory lags behind. Yet the current emphasis on Internet politics that polarizes the apologists holding the web to overcome the one-to-many architecture of opinion-building in traditional representative democracy, and the critics that warn cyber-optimism entails authoritarian technocracy has acted as a wake up call. This paper sets the problem – “What is it about ICTs, as opposed to previous technical devices, that impact on politics and determine uncertainty about democratic matters?” – into the broad context of practical philosophy, by offering a conceptual map of clusters of micro-problems and concrete examples relating to “e-democracy”. The point is to highlight when and why the hyphen of e-democracy has a conjunctive or a disjunctive function, in respect to stocktaking from past experiences and settled democratic theories. My claim is that there is considerable scope to analyse how and why online politics fails or succeeds. The field needs both further empirical and theoretical work.
As is well known, the 2nd Spanish Republic (1931-1936) was toppled by a military uprising which, after a cruel Civil War, set up an autocratic regime led by General Franco which lasted until his natural death in 1975. According to the contemporary theory of the legal system, a legal order exists on the sole condition that it is efficient in general terms and this was the case for both the Republic and the Dictatorship. In turn, the validity of the legal norms of all legal orders is based on its respective rules of recognition. Thus, neither the existence of the legal order nor the validity of its respective legal norms depends on moral considerations. In this paper, we call this affirmation into question on the base of the fact that the compensatory methods adopted from the Transition to Democracy show an evident concern to repair the damage of taking away a person’s basic rights (life, health, freedom, expression, association etc) although the Spanish Constitution, with its catalogue of fundamental rights was not in force at that time. But these measures would not have much sense if, as Raz says, there was no shared content which is common to all legal systems. Like Nino, we claim that one must discriminate between a democratic legal order and an autocratic one to establish the level of validity of its respective legal norms. Thus it can be assigned a presumption of justice to democratic norms. Finally, we state that the criteria to weigh up the justice or injustice of legal norms, as that of legal orders, takes root in the level of respect they show towards human rights.
The normative position of the judiciary under the traditional conception of democracy as self-legislation by the people is too weak to protect in an effective way the rights of suspects in the global War on Terror. Drawing on arguments elaborated by Hans Kelsen and Karl Popper, we shall attempt to devise in this paper an alternative democracy conception that could serve as a much more solid foundation for the judicial branch of government in a democratic state. Through this jurisprudential strategy, we hope to be able to maintain the balance of normative power among the Trias Politica, which, in turn, may contribute to the preservation of the legal rights of every person during the struggle against terrorists.
In assessing the aftermath of the fraudulent presidential election of 2009 in Iran, one question has received less critical analysis than other complexities of this event: What can explain the remarkable non-violent character of the Green Movement in Iran? I propose that the answer, inter alia, lies with the following three learning experiences: 1) The experience of loss brought about by the Iran/Iraq war; 2) the experience of relative opening during Khatami’s presidency; and 3) the experience of modernization of faith in the work of the post-Islamist thinkers that aimed to make political Islam compatible with democracy. Together, these learning processes fostered a new mode of thinking that is civil and non-violent in character.
The revolution will be tweeted : how the internet can stimulate the public exercise of freedoms
(2012)
This article discusses how new technologies of communication, especially the Internet and, more specifically, social network services, can interfere in social interactions and in political relations. The main objective is to problematize the concept of public liberty and verify how the new technologies can promote the reoccupation of public spaces and the recovery of public life, in opposition to the tendency to valorize the private sphere, observed in the second half of the twentieth century. The theoretical benchmark adopted for the investigation is Hannah Arendt's theory about the exercise of fundamental political capacities in order to establish a public space of freedom, as presented in “On Revolution”. The “Praia da Estação” (“Station Beach”) case is chosen to test the hypothesis. In 2010 in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte, different individuals articulated a movement through blogs, Twitter and facebook, in order to protest against the Mayor’s act that banned the assembling of cultural events in one of the main public places of the city, the “Praça da Estação” (Station Square). By applying Arendt's concepts to the selected case, it is possible to demonstrate that the Internet can assume an important role against governmental arbitrariness and abuse of power, as it can stimulate the public exercise of fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of assembly and manifestation.
This paper aims to assess the arguments that claim representative democracy may be enhanced or replaced by an updated electronic version. Focusing on the dimension of elections and electioneering as the core mechanism of representative democracy I will discuss: (1) the proximity argument used to claim the necessity of filling the gap between decision-makers and stakeholders; (2) the transparency argument, which claims to remove obstacles to the publicity of power; (3) the bottom-up argument, which calls for a new form of legitimacy that goes beyond classical mediation of parties or unions; (4) the public sphere argument, referred to the problem of hierarchical relation between voters and their representatives; (5) the disintermediation argument, used to describe the (supposed) new form of democracy following the massive use of ICTs. The first way of conceptualizing e-democracy as different from mainstream 20th century representative democracy regimes is to imagine it as a new form direct democracy: this conception is often underlying contemporary studies of e-voting. To avoid some of the ingenuousness of this conception of e-democracy, we should take a step back and consider a broader range of issues than mere gerrymandering around the electoral moment. Therefore I shall problematize the abovementioned approach by analyzing a wider range of problems connected to election and electioneering in their relation with ICTs.
This work intends to analysis the philosophy of history and to discuss the consequences of this death to the Critical Theory. The concept of reason and the devices of democracy and human rights are discussed in a revision of the historical debate about the end of history operates the life in the interior of the modern society, especially about the intellectual condition at the information society.
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1
AUSZEICHNUNGEN UND PREISE 2
PERSONELLES 2
AKTUELLES 2
PRESSESCHAU: AUS DEM FACHBEREICH IN DIE MEDIEN 3
Print 3
RADIO 3
TV 4
VERANSTALTUNGEN 4
KOLLOQUIEN, VortrAgS- UND VERANSTALTUNGSREIHEN 4
TAGUNGEN & KONFERENZEN & Workshops 5
PUBLIKATIONEN 6
MONOGRAPHIEN 6
SAMMELWERKE 6
BEITRÄGE IN SAMMELWERKEN 6
BEITRÄGE IN FACHZEITSCHRIFTEN 10
SONSTIGE PUBLIKATIONEN 11
Ausschreibungen 12
INFORMATIONEN AUS DER BIBLIOTHEK 13
E-LEARNING 13
FACHBEREICHS-HOMEPAGE 14
FACHBEREICHSRAT 14
FACHSCHAFT 14
IMPRESSUM 14
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 ; AKTUELLE MITTEILUNG DES DEKANS 2 ; AUSZEICHNUNGEN, FÖRDERUNGEN UND PREISE 2 ; PERSONELLES 2 ; BESONDERE HINWEISE 3 ; PRESSESCHAU: AUS DEM FACHBEREICH IN DIE MEDIEN 3 ; PRINT 3 ; RADIO 3 ; TV 4 ; VERANSTALTUNGEN 4 ; VORTRÄGE 5 ; KOLLOQUIEN, VORTRAGS- UND VERANSTALTUNGSREIHEN 5 ; TAGUNGEN & KONFERENZEN & WORKSHOPS 6 ; PUBLIKATIONEN 6 ; BEITRÄGE IN SAMMELWERKEN 6 ; BEITRÄGE IN FACHZEITSCHRIFTEN 7 ; FORSCHUNG UND LEHRE 8 ; BEKANNTMACHUNGEN 8 ; AUSSCHREIBUNGEN 8 ; AKTUELLE HINWEISE DES DEKANATS 9 ; INFORMATIONEN AUS DER BIBLIOTHEK 9 ; E-LEARNING 9 ; FACHBEREICHS-HOMEPAGE 9 ; FACHBEREICHSRAT 10 ; FACHSCHAFT 10 ; IMPRESSUM 10
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 ;
AKTUELLE MITTEILUNG DES DEKANS 2 ;
PERSONELLES 2 ;
AUSZEICHNUNGEN, FÖRDERUNGEN UND PREISE 2 ;
BESONDERE HINWEISE 2 ;
PRESSESCHAU: AUS DEM FACHBEREICH IN DIE MEDIEN 2 ;
PRINT 2 ;
RADIO 3 ;
TV 3 ;
VERANSTALTUNGEN 3 ;
KOLLOQUIEN, VORTRAGS- UND VERANSTALTUNGSREIHEN 3 ;
VORTRÄGE UND DISKUSSIONSVERANSTALTUNGEN 5 ;
DISPUTATIONEN 5 ;
TAGUNGEN & KONFERENZEN & WORKSHOPS 5 ;
PUBLIKATIONEN 6 ;
SAMMELWERKE 6 ;
BEITRÄGE IN SAMMELWERKEN 6 ;
BEITRÄGE IN FACHZEITSCHRIFTEN 8 ;
FORSCHUNG UND LEHRE 8 ;
BEKANNTMACHUNGEN 8 ;
AUSSCHREIBUNGEN 8 ;
NEUE PROJEKTE 9 ;
AKTUELLE HINWEISE DES DEKANATS 9 ;
INFORMATIONEN AUS DER BIBLIOTHEK 9 ;
E-LEARNING 9 ;
FACHBEREICHS-HOMEPAGE 9 ;
FACHBEREICHSRAT 10 ;
FACHSCHAFT 10 ;
IMPRESSUM 10.
All over Africa, an explosion in cultural productions of various genres is in evidence. Whether in relation to music, song and dance, drama, poetry, film, documentaries, photography, cartoons, fine arts, novels and short stories, essays, and (auto)biography; the continent is experiencing a robust outpouring of creative power that is as remarkable for its originality as its all-round diversity. Beginning from the late 1970s and early 1980s, the African continent has experienced the longest and deepest economic crises than at any other time since the period after the Second World War. Interestingly however, while practically every indicator of economic development was declining in nominal and/ or real terms for most aspects of the continent, cultural productions were on the increase. Out of adversity, the creative genius of the African produced cultural forms that at once spoke to crises and sought to transcend them. The current climate of cultural pluralism that has been produced in no small part by globalization has not been accompanied by an adequate pluralism of ideas on what culture is, and/or should be; nor informed by an equal claim to the production of the cultural - packaged or not. Globalization has seen to movement and mixture, contact and linkage, interaction and exchange where cultural flows of capital, people, commodities, images and ideologies have meant that the globe has become a space, with new asymmetries, for an increasing intertwinement of the lives of people and, consequently, of a greater blurring of normative definitions as well as a place for re-definition, imagined and real. As this book - Contemporary African Cultural Productions - has done, researching into African culture and cultural productions that derive from it allows us, among other things, to enquire into definitions, explore historical dimensions, and interrogate the political dimensions to presentation and representation. The book therefore offers us an intervention that goes beyond the normative literary and cultural studies' main foci of race, difference and identity; notions which, while important in themselves might, without the necessary historicizing and interrogating, result in a discourse that rather re-inscribes the very patterns that necessitate writing against. This book is an invaluable compendium to scholars, researchers, teachers, students and others who specialize on different aspects of African culture and cultural productions, as well as cultural centers and general readers.
The most popularised concept in the economics of innovation literature has been the national system of innovation (NSI). It was in the late 1980s that the concept that Frederik List coined as the National Political Economy of Production took off again with different thinkers writing about the peculiarities and distinctions of the Japanese, American, British, German, East Asian Tigers and other varieties of system construction. Freeman defines National System of Innovation as the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diff use new technologies. Richard Nelson defines it as a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance of national firms. Lundvall defines the system of innovation as the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new and economically useful knowledge and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state. The normative assumption is that those nations that succeeded in building economic strength relied on the science, engineering, technology and innovation capability that made them to achieve an innovation advantage to put them ahead in the world, acquiring national or regional economic leadership as the case may be depending on what level of analyses is selected to look at particular failure, success or progress they made.. In this volume we have a glimpse of how in different African economies from Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria specific cases have been taken to explore how systems of innovation is evolving.
It is the aim of this book while clarifying doubts and misconceptions, to provide a thorough reappraisal of the intellectual and rich cultural heritage of Islam with regards to the principles and practice of medicine and its representation to the world in the language of today. In nine chapters a range of topics are discussed including: The Promotion of Medical Education and Health Services; Personal and Environmental Hygiene; Circumcision; Manners of Eating; Social and Mental Heath; Curative Medicine; The Provision of Adequate and Potable Water; Magic, Witchcraft, Enchantments and Charms; Euthanasia; Suicide; The Rehabilitation of the Sick and the Needy; The Source of Human Creation; Sex Differentiation and Determination; Healing through Miracles; Magic and Soothsaying; HIV Infection and AIDS; Abortion; Females in Medical Practice; and The Challenges of Modem Medicine to Muslims.
From an exploration of the cooperative movement's various international iterations to a perspicacious survey of the history of cooperatives in Tanzania, Dr. Lyimo highlights the issues facing farmers and business people and illustrates the way in which cooperative effort- enterprises that put people, and not capital, at the center of their business- can not only improve members' economic power in bargaining for better marketing conditions and prices, but also to increase employment opportunities, thereby improving the standard of living for a large number of people.
La Reserva de la Biosfera de Chamela-Cuixmala se localiza en la costa del Pacífico del estado mexicano de Jalisco. La Reserva fue fundada en 1993 y se extiende por 13142 hectáreas. Es una de las pocas reservas en México creada para la protección de la selva tropical caducifolia (seca) y sistemas asociados. Cinco especies de ciempiés han sido registradas previamente para la Reserva: Cormocephalus impressus Porat, 1876; Dendrothereua linceci (Wood, 1867); Ectonocryptoides quadrimeropus Shelley y Mercurio, 2005; Scolopendra polymorpha (Wood, 1861) y Scolopendra viridis Say, 1821. A partir de julio de 2010 se inició con el primer estudio formal de la fauna de ciempiés en la Reserva. Después de un año de muestreos, ocho morfoespecies de ciempiés se han determinado para la Reserva: Cryptops (Haplocryptops) cf. acapulcensis Verhoeff, 1934; Cryptops sp.; Rhysida immarginata (Porat, 1876); Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus, 1758; Polycricus sp.; Sogona sp.; Orphnaeus sp.; y Straberax sp. Esta es la primera vez que Cryptops (Haplocryptops) cf. acapulcensis es encontrada en otra localidad distinta de su localidad tipo. Estudios previos han determinado el papel de los ciempiés como parte de la dieta de mamíferos y componente de la fauna del suelo.
Das »Diversity-Konzept der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main 2011 – 2014« basiert auf den im Hochschulentwicklungsplan 2011 festgelegten Zielen der Universität. Für die Erarbeitung des Konzeptes hat die Goethe-Universität verschiedene Instrumente kombiniert, nicht zuletzt, um eine ausreichende Partizipation zu gewährleisten: So wurden zum einen Leitfadeninterviews mit Beschäftigten in Beratungsfunktionen, Mitgliedern des AStA und anderen geführt. Zum anderen wurden eine Internetrecherche, ein Open-Space-Workshop sowie vier Strategie- und Sensibilisierungs-Workshops mit unterschiedlichen Themenstellungen organisiert.
Das Konzept entstand in enger Zusammenarbeit zwischen der für Gleichstellung zuständigen Vizepräsidentin, Prof. Roser Valenti, der Senatskommission »Frauenförderung, Gleichstellung und Diversität«, der »Projektsteuerungsgruppe diversityPolicies« und dem Gleichstellungsbüro.
An der Goethe-Universität liegen bereits verschiedene Konzepte und Zielvereinbarungen zur Geschlechtergleichstellung und Familienförderung vor. Das Diversity-Konzept sieht deshalb dazu keine Maßnahmen vor. Mit Auslaufen des Frauenförderplans im Jahr 2014 werden gleichstellungs- und andere diversitätsbezogene Berichte und Maßnahmen in einem zentralen »Gender Equality & Diversity Action Plan« (GEDAP) der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main zusammengefasst und alle vier Jahre fortgeschrieben.
The “Diversity Concept of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main 2011–2014” is based on the goals as laid down in the University Development Plan 2011. The Goethe University combined various instruments for working out the concept, not least in order to ensure adequate participation: on the one hand, guided interviews were conducted, for example, with employees in advisory functions, members of the AStA (General Students’ Commit-tee), etc. On the other hand, Internet research, an open space workshop, as well as four strategy and awareness-raising workshops on various topics were organized.
The concept was developed in close cooperation with the vice president responsible for gender and diversity, Prof. Dr. Roser Valenti, the Senate Commission “Advancement of Women, Equal Opportunity, and Diversity”, the “Project Supervision Group Diversity Poli-cies”, and the Equal Opportunities Office.
The Goethe University already has various concepts and target agreements on gender equal-ity and family support. The Diversity Concept therefore includes no measures on these top-ics. With the expiry of the Plan for the Advancement of Women in 2014, all of the other reports and measures related to equal opportunity and diversity will be consolidated in a central “Gender Equality & Diversity Action Plan of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main” (GEDAP) and updated every four years.
In line with the federal structure of the Nigerian State, tax administration in the country is multi-tiered. The Federal Inland Revenue Service is responsible for assessing, collecting and accounting for tax and other revenues accruing to the Federal Government. The States Boards of Internal Revenue and the Local Government Revenue Committees perform similar functions at the State and Local Government levels respectively. This book attempts to chronicle the changes that have been taking place within the Federal Inland Revenue Service since 2004 and how these activities have contributed to the reforms in the Nigerian tax system. In terms of value, the book facilitates an understanding of the role played by the Service; its staff and stakeholders in repositioning the Nigerian tax system. It is an essential reference material for everyone that seeks an understanding of the processes that underscore the ongoing changes in the Nigerian tax system.
The Cowrie Necklace is a graphic account of the struggle for meaning in life. The poems are a carefully woven sizzling and cracking attempt to mirror society. The poet runs a long and wide gamut of poetic themes which include the intricacies of joy and sadness, God and the devil, nature and nurture, good and evil, love, deceit and treachery. The narrative style is reminiscent of Wole Soyinka, Francesco Nditsouna and D.H. Lawrence. The Cowrie Necklace is a "must read".